文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Asteraceae
Ray flowers - Absent.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Limestone ledges of bluffs, rocky limestone talus, rocky wooded slopes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is extremely variable and sometimes hard to differentiate from another genus, Eupatorium.
Kuhnia can often have opposite leaves as well as alternate leaves. The stems can be hairy or glabrous. The leaves can be thin or elliptic. Steyermark breaks the species into three vareties. None are valid.
The plant can typically be identified by its thin leaves, thin stems, thin phyllaries, and white flowers.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Limestone ledges of bluffs, rocky limestone talus, rocky wooded slopes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is extremely variable and sometimes hard to differentiate from another genus, Eupatorium.
Kuhnia can often have opposite leaves as well as alternate leaves. The stems can be hairy or glabrous. The leaves can be thin or elliptic. Steyermark breaks the species into three vareties. None are valid.
The plant can typically be identified by its thin leaves, thin stems, thin phyllaries, and white flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Ranunculaceae
Stems - Absent. Leaves and flowers from a small caudex and thickened roots.
Leaves - Few to many leaves from the base of the plant, petiolate. Leaves at anthesis from previous year. New seasons leaves appearing after the flowers. Petioles to +/-15cm long, purplish, sericeous, flattened or with a shallow groove adaxially. Blades 3-lobed, to +/-8cm long, +/-10cm broad, green when fresh, overwintering, mottled or purple, sericeous below (sparse), glabrous above. Lobes acute, entire, broadly ovate. Lateral lobes oblique at the base.
Inflorescence - One to many flowers arising from the base of the plant. Bracts enclosing the flower buds purple-scarious, glabrous, to +/-1.5cm long, acute. Peduncles quickly expanding in flower to +/-9cm long, purplish-green, sericeous, with long hairs, mostly terete.
Flowers - Sepals petaloid, 6, typically blue but also white or rose, to 1.5cm long, +/-7mm broad, glabrous, mostly rounded at the apex, oblong, distinct. Stamens many (+/-40), arising from beneath the carpels, mostly erect. Filaments white, glabrous, slightly thickened at the apex, to 6mm long. Anthers white to pale yellow, 1mm long and broad. Carpels many, green, to 3mm long in flower (total), sericeous (pilose) mostly in the basal 2/3. Receptacle pilose. Floral bracts 4, green, sericeous externally, glabrous internally, entire, to 1cm long, to 5mm broad, elliptic to lanceolate, rounded to acute at the apex, distinct.
Flowering - February - April.
Habitat - Rich, north-facing slopes of well drained soils. Typically on limestone.
Origin - Native to U.S. (and Europe?)
Other info. - This attractive species can be found mainly in the eastern half of the state. The plant is easy to identify because of its three-lobed leaves. No other plant in the state resembles it. The typical flower color is blue but the white-flowered form is common also. Here is a bluish group of flowers:
Another species, H. americana (DC.) Ker, is similar but has leaves which are rounded at the apices. This latter species is less common in Missouri.
To read about the medicinal uses of Hepatica see the Hepatica americana page.
Stems - Absent. Leaves and flowers from a small caudex and thickened roots.
Leaves - Few to many leaves from the base of the plant, petiolate. Leaves at anthesis from previous year. New seasons leaves appearing after the flowers. Petioles to +/-15cm long, purplish, sericeous, flattened or with a shallow groove adaxially. Blades 3-lobed, to +/-8cm long, +/-10cm broad, green when fresh, overwintering, mottled or purple, sericeous below (sparse), glabrous above. Lobes acute, entire, broadly ovate. Lateral lobes oblique at the base.
Inflorescence - One to many flowers arising from the base of the plant. Bracts enclosing the flower buds purple-scarious, glabrous, to +/-1.5cm long, acute. Peduncles quickly expanding in flower to +/-9cm long, purplish-green, sericeous, with long hairs, mostly terete.
Flowers - Sepals petaloid, 6, typically blue but also white or rose, to 1.5cm long, +/-7mm broad, glabrous, mostly rounded at the apex, oblong, distinct. Stamens many (+/-40), arising from beneath the carpels, mostly erect. Filaments white, glabrous, slightly thickened at the apex, to 6mm long. Anthers white to pale yellow, 1mm long and broad. Carpels many, green, to 3mm long in flower (total), sericeous (pilose) mostly in the basal 2/3. Receptacle pilose. Floral bracts 4, green, sericeous externally, glabrous internally, entire, to 1cm long, to 5mm broad, elliptic to lanceolate, rounded to acute at the apex, distinct.
Flowering - February - April.
Habitat - Rich, north-facing slopes of well drained soils. Typically on limestone.
Origin - Native to U.S. (and Europe?)
Other info. - This attractive species can be found mainly in the eastern half of the state. The plant is easy to identify because of its three-lobed leaves. No other plant in the state resembles it. The typical flower color is blue but the white-flowered form is common also. Here is a bluish group of flowers:
Another species, H. americana (DC.) Ker, is similar but has leaves which are rounded at the apices. This latter species is less common in Missouri.
To read about the medicinal uses of Hepatica see the Hepatica americana page.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Orchidaceae
Flowering - August - September.
Habitat - Coniferous woods with acidic soils, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species can be found in just a handful of eastern Ozark counties in Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its neat basal leaves. No other species in Missouri has leaves which resemble it. G. pubescens is much more populous in more eastern states and is one of the most common orchids seen.
Flowering - August - September.
Habitat - Coniferous woods with acidic soils, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species can be found in just a handful of eastern Ozark counties in Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its neat basal leaves. No other species in Missouri has leaves which resemble it. G. pubescens is much more populous in more eastern states and is one of the most common orchids seen.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - Ariel stems to +15cm tall, glabrous, erect, herbaceous, simple, from bulblike corm.
Leaves - Two per flowering plant, one in non-flowering plants, linear-elliptic to oblanceolate, entire, acute, glabrous, green and glaucous below, mottled with purple above, to 4cm broad, +/-10cm long.
Inflorescence - Single nodding flower terminating aerial stem.
Flower - Petals and sepals white internally, typically with lilac tinge externally, reflexed when mature, linear-oblong, entire, 6mm broad, +3cm long, glabrous. Stamens 6, adnate to base of petals and sepals, erect, exserted. Filaments flattened, +1mm broad. Anthers yellow, 6mm long. Style white, to 1.5cm long, exserted. Stigmas 3, to 3mm long. Ovary superior, 3-locular, ovules many. Fruit to 2.5cm long, weekly 3-angled, glabrous.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Low woods, wooded slopes, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The leaves of this small lily can be variable. Some leaves have heavy dark mottling, others have faint to no mottling. The leaves, however, are usually always glaucous below.
This plant is quite common in most of the state but is more frequent below the Missouri river. It grows in shaded areas of the habitats mentioned above. The species is a good indicator that spring is arriving, being one of the first plants to bloom. Non-flowering plants can be found in large colonies and have a single leaf.
Stems - Ariel stems to +15cm tall, glabrous, erect, herbaceous, simple, from bulblike corm.
Leaves - Two per flowering plant, one in non-flowering plants, linear-elliptic to oblanceolate, entire, acute, glabrous, green and glaucous below, mottled with purple above, to 4cm broad, +/-10cm long.
Inflorescence - Single nodding flower terminating aerial stem.
Flower - Petals and sepals white internally, typically with lilac tinge externally, reflexed when mature, linear-oblong, entire, 6mm broad, +3cm long, glabrous. Stamens 6, adnate to base of petals and sepals, erect, exserted. Filaments flattened, +1mm broad. Anthers yellow, 6mm long. Style white, to 1.5cm long, exserted. Stigmas 3, to 3mm long. Ovary superior, 3-locular, ovules many. Fruit to 2.5cm long, weekly 3-angled, glabrous.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Low woods, wooded slopes, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The leaves of this small lily can be variable. Some leaves have heavy dark mottling, others have faint to no mottling. The leaves, however, are usually always glaucous below.
This plant is quite common in most of the state but is more frequent below the Missouri river. It grows in shaded areas of the habitats mentioned above. The species is a good indicator that spring is arriving, being one of the first plants to bloom. Non-flowering plants can be found in large colonies and have a single leaf.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Apiaceae
Stems - To +/-15cm tall, erect, single or multiple from the base, from a globose tuber (the tuber to +/-1.5cm in diameter), herbaceous, fleshy, purplish (green at the base), glabrous, angled to ribbed.
Leaves - One to many per plant, petiolate, ternately decompound, glabrous. Petioles sheathing at the base, grooved adaxially, purple, to 2cm long. Petiolules grooved adaxially. Leaves to +5cm broad and long. Ultimate divisions of the leaves acute, entire, shiny below, dull green above, the tips with a small translucent spot (use a lens to see), with a single midrib. Upper most leaf of the stem reduced and bract-like.
Inflorescence - Terminal compound umbels. Primary rays 3-4, to +2cm long, glabrous, purplish. Bracts subtending the umbellets 5, +/-5mm long, -1mm broad, subacute at the apex, with a minute thickened tip (the tip slightly orange). Umbellets with +/-6 flowers. Pedicels purple, glabrous, to 1.5mm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, glabrous, oblanceolate to spatulate, to 4mm long, +1mm broad, spreading. Stamens 5, erect. Filaments white, glabrous, 2-2.2mm long, thicker at the base. Anthers pink to wine-colored when fresh, becoming black when dry. Pollen white. Styles 2, glabrous, pinkish (pale), expanded and deep purple at the base. Ovary inferior, 2-locular, one ovule per locule. Calyx purple, glabrous, 1-1.1mm tall, 1.4mm broad, ribbed (12), slightly thickened at the apex. Sepals absent. Fruits 2-3mm long, 3-5mm broad, glabrous.
Flowering - January - April.
Habitat - Rich shaded woods, at or near the base of slopes, alluvial soils along streams and in valleys, alluvial thickets, at the base of rocky bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This minute species is the first native wildflower to bloom in Missouri. Becasue of its small size and habitat, it is often overlooked. The flowers rarely protrude more than one or two centimeters above the forest leaf litter. The pinkish anthers quickly dry and turn black. The black of the anthers and the white of the petals give the plant a "pepper and salt" appearance. The leaves of the plant unfold completely just at the end of the plants growing season. By the warm months of late spring, the plant is dried and gone. The species is found in much of Missouri except in the bootheel and in the northern 1/3 of the state.
Stems - To +/-15cm tall, erect, single or multiple from the base, from a globose tuber (the tuber to +/-1.5cm in diameter), herbaceous, fleshy, purplish (green at the base), glabrous, angled to ribbed.
Leaves - One to many per plant, petiolate, ternately decompound, glabrous. Petioles sheathing at the base, grooved adaxially, purple, to 2cm long. Petiolules grooved adaxially. Leaves to +5cm broad and long. Ultimate divisions of the leaves acute, entire, shiny below, dull green above, the tips with a small translucent spot (use a lens to see), with a single midrib. Upper most leaf of the stem reduced and bract-like.
Inflorescence - Terminal compound umbels. Primary rays 3-4, to +2cm long, glabrous, purplish. Bracts subtending the umbellets 5, +/-5mm long, -1mm broad, subacute at the apex, with a minute thickened tip (the tip slightly orange). Umbellets with +/-6 flowers. Pedicels purple, glabrous, to 1.5mm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, glabrous, oblanceolate to spatulate, to 4mm long, +1mm broad, spreading. Stamens 5, erect. Filaments white, glabrous, 2-2.2mm long, thicker at the base. Anthers pink to wine-colored when fresh, becoming black when dry. Pollen white. Styles 2, glabrous, pinkish (pale), expanded and deep purple at the base. Ovary inferior, 2-locular, one ovule per locule. Calyx purple, glabrous, 1-1.1mm tall, 1.4mm broad, ribbed (12), slightly thickened at the apex. Sepals absent. Fruits 2-3mm long, 3-5mm broad, glabrous.
Flowering - January - April.
Habitat - Rich shaded woods, at or near the base of slopes, alluvial soils along streams and in valleys, alluvial thickets, at the base of rocky bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This minute species is the first native wildflower to bloom in Missouri. Becasue of its small size and habitat, it is often overlooked. The flowers rarely protrude more than one or two centimeters above the forest leaf litter. The pinkish anthers quickly dry and turn black. The black of the anthers and the white of the petals give the plant a "pepper and salt" appearance. The leaves of the plant unfold completely just at the end of the plants growing season. By the warm months of late spring, the plant is dried and gone. The species is found in much of Missouri except in the bootheel and in the northern 1/3 of the state.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Fumariaceae
Stems - Plant acaulescent, from a scaly pinkish bulb and many smaller bulblets with fleshy roots.
Leaves - Basal, long-petiolate, trifoliolate. Petioles to -15cm long, glabrous. Leaflets petiolulate, pinnately divided again. Ultimate divisions glabrous, oblong to elliptic-oblong, with a minute mucronate tip, entire, green above, silvery-green below.
Inflorescence - Long pedunculate raceme arising from the bulb, arching at apex, glabrous. Pedicels to 6-7mm long, glabrous, each subtended by a small scalelike bract. Bract cupulate around base of pedicel, to 1.5mm long.
Flowers - Flowers glabrous. Outer 2 petals with extended saccate bases, to 1.5cm long, white, connate, with cupulate and reflexed apical lobes. The apical lobes with yellow at the base(the throat of the corolla). Inner 2 petals to 1cm long, connate around other floral organs, winged at apex. Stamens 6, erect. Filaments compressed and folded around the pistil, to 8mm long, 1mm broad at base, white with purple at apex, glabrous. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, 2-valved, unilocular, 7mm long, lance-ovoid, tapering to a short style. Stigma compressed, capitate. Sepals 4, in two pairs, decussate. First pair of sepals minute, whitish, acute, to 2mm long. Second pair ovate, to 4mm long, with pinkish midvein, rounded at apex.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Rich north facing slopes, ravines, rich slopes along streams.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small plant is one of the most popular of the spring species. The plant is striking with or without flowers but has a short growing season. This species would be good in cultivation but another species, D. spectabilis (L.) DC. is much more popular. D. spectabilis is a more robust plant with pinkish-red flowers and is commonly known as "Bleeding Heart":
D. spectabilis is native to Asia.
Stems - Plant acaulescent, from a scaly pinkish bulb and many smaller bulblets with fleshy roots.
Leaves - Basal, long-petiolate, trifoliolate. Petioles to -15cm long, glabrous. Leaflets petiolulate, pinnately divided again. Ultimate divisions glabrous, oblong to elliptic-oblong, with a minute mucronate tip, entire, green above, silvery-green below.
Inflorescence - Long pedunculate raceme arising from the bulb, arching at apex, glabrous. Pedicels to 6-7mm long, glabrous, each subtended by a small scalelike bract. Bract cupulate around base of pedicel, to 1.5mm long.
Flowers - Flowers glabrous. Outer 2 petals with extended saccate bases, to 1.5cm long, white, connate, with cupulate and reflexed apical lobes. The apical lobes with yellow at the base(the throat of the corolla). Inner 2 petals to 1cm long, connate around other floral organs, winged at apex. Stamens 6, erect. Filaments compressed and folded around the pistil, to 8mm long, 1mm broad at base, white with purple at apex, glabrous. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, 2-valved, unilocular, 7mm long, lance-ovoid, tapering to a short style. Stigma compressed, capitate. Sepals 4, in two pairs, decussate. First pair of sepals minute, whitish, acute, to 2mm long. Second pair ovate, to 4mm long, with pinkish midvein, rounded at apex.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Rich north facing slopes, ravines, rich slopes along streams.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small plant is one of the most popular of the spring species. The plant is striking with or without flowers but has a short growing season. This species would be good in cultivation but another species, D. spectabilis (L.) DC. is much more popular. D. spectabilis is a more robust plant with pinkish-red flowers and is commonly known as "Bleeding Heart":
D. spectabilis is native to Asia.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Family - Brassicaceae
Stems - To +20cm tall, erect, herbaceous, glabrous or pubescent in upper portions, from thick rhizomes.
Leaves - Two or three per plant, alternate, 3-5 palmately lobed, variable. Lobes linear-lanceolate, coarsely toothed (laciniate) to entire, glabrous, 6cm long, 1cm broad. Teeth of lobes mucronate (minutely). Petioles glabrous to pubescent.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, compact early but quickly elongating, axis short hirsute, pedicels +/-1cm, elongated in fruit, pubescent to glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 4, whitish with a hint of pink, 5mm broad, 1.6cm long, ligulate, glabrous, rounded at the apex, attenuate at the base. Stamens 6, filaments 8mm long, anthers yellow. Style erect, 7mm long. Ovary terete, longer than broad. Stigma globose. Sepals 4, oblong, brownish-green with lighter margins, entire, glabrous, to 3mm long. Fruits terete, 2-5cm long, +/-2mm in diameter, glabrous.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Low woods, slopes, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is an interesting little member of the Brassicaceae which is found in woodland habitats. It is a characteristic spring woodland plant in Missouri. The flowers are larger than those of most genera in the same family. This species is highly variable, especially the leaves. The large flowers and 3-5-lobed leaves are the characteristics to look for when trying to ID this plant.
The genus name comes from the Latin "dens" which means "tooth", not for the toothed leaves, but rather for the scales of the rhizomes and roots.
A synonym is Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) O. Schwarz.
Stems - To +20cm tall, erect, herbaceous, glabrous or pubescent in upper portions, from thick rhizomes.
Leaves - Two or three per plant, alternate, 3-5 palmately lobed, variable. Lobes linear-lanceolate, coarsely toothed (laciniate) to entire, glabrous, 6cm long, 1cm broad. Teeth of lobes mucronate (minutely). Petioles glabrous to pubescent.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, compact early but quickly elongating, axis short hirsute, pedicels +/-1cm, elongated in fruit, pubescent to glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 4, whitish with a hint of pink, 5mm broad, 1.6cm long, ligulate, glabrous, rounded at the apex, attenuate at the base. Stamens 6, filaments 8mm long, anthers yellow. Style erect, 7mm long. Ovary terete, longer than broad. Stigma globose. Sepals 4, oblong, brownish-green with lighter margins, entire, glabrous, to 3mm long. Fruits terete, 2-5cm long, +/-2mm in diameter, glabrous.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Low woods, slopes, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is an interesting little member of the Brassicaceae which is found in woodland habitats. It is a characteristic spring woodland plant in Missouri. The flowers are larger than those of most genera in the same family. This species is highly variable, especially the leaves. The large flowers and 3-5-lobed leaves are the characteristics to look for when trying to ID this plant.
The genus name comes from the Latin "dens" which means "tooth", not for the toothed leaves, but rather for the scales of the rhizomes and roots.
A synonym is Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) O. Schwarz.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Family - Euphorbiaceae
Stems - To +/-30cm tall, erect, from fibrous roots, divaricately branching (forming a small tree-like plant), stellate pubescent, slightly woody at the base. Stellate hairs with a purplish center (attachment point).
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to 2cm long, pubescent as the stem. Blades ovate to lanceolate, to +4cm long, -2.5cm broad, entire, acute, stellate pubescent adaxially, densely stellate pubescent abaxially (the hairs with a white center).
Inflorescence - Axillary androgynous racemes to 1cm tall, with typically 2-3 staminate flowers and 2-3 pistillate flowers. The axis densely stellate pubescent. Pedicels of staminate flowers to 1.5mm long. Pedicels of pistillate flowers 1mm long. All pedicels densely stellate pubescent, elongating in fruit.
Flowers - Staminate - Petals 4, spreading, white, 1.3mm long, .7mm broad, ciliate-margined at the base, oblong-elliptic. Stamens 6(3-8), erect to spreading. Filaments white, 1.4mm long, glabrous. Anthers white, .6mm broad. Sepals 4, ovate, 1.2mm long, 1mm broad, stellate pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, white. Pistillate flowers - Sepals 5, linear-oblong, spreading, dense stellate pubescent, green, acute, +2mm long, -1mm broad, accrescent. Ovary superior, globose-ovoid, densely stellate, green, 1.1mm long and broad. Styles 2, deeply divided and appearing as 4, to 1.1mm long, linear, spreading to erect, densely stellate pubescent. Fruits one-seeded, druping. Seeds black, 3mm in diameter, lenticular.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Typically on acid soils overlying chert, sandstone, or granite substrata. Glades, upland prairies, open and waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found throughout Missouri but is less common in the extreme north-central portion of the state. The plant is small but resembles a small tree because of its widely spreading branches. This species and another, C. capitatus Michx., appear similar at first but there are distinct differences between the two species which makes them easily distinguished in the field. For more on this, compare the descriptions of each species.
The plant is toxic to some species of animals but apparently tolerated by others.
Stems - To +/-30cm tall, erect, from fibrous roots, divaricately branching (forming a small tree-like plant), stellate pubescent, slightly woody at the base. Stellate hairs with a purplish center (attachment point).
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to 2cm long, pubescent as the stem. Blades ovate to lanceolate, to +4cm long, -2.5cm broad, entire, acute, stellate pubescent adaxially, densely stellate pubescent abaxially (the hairs with a white center).
Inflorescence - Axillary androgynous racemes to 1cm tall, with typically 2-3 staminate flowers and 2-3 pistillate flowers. The axis densely stellate pubescent. Pedicels of staminate flowers to 1.5mm long. Pedicels of pistillate flowers 1mm long. All pedicels densely stellate pubescent, elongating in fruit.
Flowers - Staminate - Petals 4, spreading, white, 1.3mm long, .7mm broad, ciliate-margined at the base, oblong-elliptic. Stamens 6(3-8), erect to spreading. Filaments white, 1.4mm long, glabrous. Anthers white, .6mm broad. Sepals 4, ovate, 1.2mm long, 1mm broad, stellate pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, white. Pistillate flowers - Sepals 5, linear-oblong, spreading, dense stellate pubescent, green, acute, +2mm long, -1mm broad, accrescent. Ovary superior, globose-ovoid, densely stellate, green, 1.1mm long and broad. Styles 2, deeply divided and appearing as 4, to 1.1mm long, linear, spreading to erect, densely stellate pubescent. Fruits one-seeded, druping. Seeds black, 3mm in diameter, lenticular.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Typically on acid soils overlying chert, sandstone, or granite substrata. Glades, upland prairies, open and waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found throughout Missouri but is less common in the extreme north-central portion of the state. The plant is small but resembles a small tree because of its widely spreading branches. This species and another, C. capitatus Michx., appear similar at first but there are distinct differences between the two species which makes them easily distinguished in the field. For more on this, compare the descriptions of each species.
The plant is toxic to some species of animals but apparently tolerated by others.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Family - Menispermaceae
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Low rich woods, wet thickets, borders of fields.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This vine can be found in the southern half of the state. The plant has a few look-a-likes and can be somewhat difficult to identify in the field unless it is in flower. The fruits of the plant are also very distinctive as they are black and shaped like a curved scoop. The leaves of this species are very thin and wilt as soon as they are picked or hit by hot, direct sunlight.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Low rich woods, wet thickets, borders of fields.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This vine can be found in the southern half of the state. The plant has a few look-a-likes and can be somewhat difficult to identify in the field unless it is in flower. The fruits of the plant are also very distinctive as they are black and shaped like a curved scoop. The leaves of this species are very thin and wilt as soon as they are picked or hit by hot, direct sunlight.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Lamiaceae
Stems - To +1m tall, multiple from base, from fibrous roots, tomentose, 4-angled, branching, herbaceous, erect. Plant fragrant.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate. Petiole to +/-4cm long, tomentose, with single adaxial groove. Blade triangular to triangular-ovate or ovate, to +/-10cm long, +/-6cm broad, crenate-serrate, reduced upward, pubescent above and below (more so below), grayish-green below, fragrant.
Inflorescence - Terminal clusters of whorled flowers (verticillasters). Brats accompanying clusters barely or not exceeding the flowers.
Flowers - Sessile. Corolla whitish-pink, spotted with purple internally, bilabiate. Corolla tube to +/-5mm long, abruptly expanded near apex, tomentose. Upper lip 2.1mm long, 2.4mm broad, notched or shallow 2-lobed. Lower lip with 2 shallow lateral lobes and large central lobe. Central lobe +/-3mm long, +/-4mm broad, toothed at apex, bearded near throat. Stamens 4, didynamous, exserted just beyond upper lip, adnate at apex of constricted portion of corolla tube. Filaments to -3mm long, glabrous, white to pinkish-white. Anthers rose-purple, .6mm broad. Style 8mm long, glabrous, pinkish-white. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary of 4 nutlets. Nutlets green, tuberculate. Calyx tube to 3mm long, 1.1mm in diameter, 5-lobed, with 15 nerves (ridges), tomentose. Lobes subequal, attenuate, to 1.8mm long. Calyx accrescent.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Waste ground, open woods, roadsides, railroads. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This species is known to have intoxicating effects on domestic cats. Each cat reacts differently to it. The plant is easy to grow and common in the state. Why buy it when you can just go out and pick it?
Stems - To +1m tall, multiple from base, from fibrous roots, tomentose, 4-angled, branching, herbaceous, erect. Plant fragrant.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate. Petiole to +/-4cm long, tomentose, with single adaxial groove. Blade triangular to triangular-ovate or ovate, to +/-10cm long, +/-6cm broad, crenate-serrate, reduced upward, pubescent above and below (more so below), grayish-green below, fragrant.
Inflorescence - Terminal clusters of whorled flowers (verticillasters). Brats accompanying clusters barely or not exceeding the flowers.
Flowers - Sessile. Corolla whitish-pink, spotted with purple internally, bilabiate. Corolla tube to +/-5mm long, abruptly expanded near apex, tomentose. Upper lip 2.1mm long, 2.4mm broad, notched or shallow 2-lobed. Lower lip with 2 shallow lateral lobes and large central lobe. Central lobe +/-3mm long, +/-4mm broad, toothed at apex, bearded near throat. Stamens 4, didynamous, exserted just beyond upper lip, adnate at apex of constricted portion of corolla tube. Filaments to -3mm long, glabrous, white to pinkish-white. Anthers rose-purple, .6mm broad. Style 8mm long, glabrous, pinkish-white. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary of 4 nutlets. Nutlets green, tuberculate. Calyx tube to 3mm long, 1.1mm in diameter, 5-lobed, with 15 nerves (ridges), tomentose. Lobes subequal, attenuate, to 1.8mm long. Calyx accrescent.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Waste ground, open woods, roadsides, railroads. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This species is known to have intoxicating effects on domestic cats. Each cat reacts differently to it. The plant is easy to grow and common in the state. Why buy it when you can just go out and pick it?
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Lamiaceae
Stems - Simple, erect, herbaceous, 4-angled, sparse to dense pilose on the angles, from rhizomes, fragrant. Hairs of the plant multicellular.
Leaves - Opposite, short-petiolate, decussate. Petioles to 2mm long, ciliate=margined. Blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, coarse-shallow serrate, acute, ciliate-margined, pubescent on both surfaces, with lateral veins anastomosing before the margin of the blade, to +7cm long, +4cm broad. Uppermost leaves subtending the inflorescence reduced to bracts.
Inflorescence - Single terminal capitate cluster of flowers per plant. Cluster subtended by small foliaceous bracts. Bracts to +/-1.5cm long, green or slightly pink or purple tinged. Flowers +/-50 per cluster, sessile.
Flowers - Corolla whitish with purple spots, bilabiate. Corolla tube to 1.3cm long, sparse glandular pubescent externally, pubescent internally. Lower lip single-lobed. The lobe to 1.5cm long, 6-7mm broad, mostly white but with purple spots internally, glabrous internally, glandular and pubescent externally, with an apical appendage. Appendage with 2 linear lobes. Upper lip single-lobes. Lobe thin, arching, to 1.4cm long, 2mm broad, simple and glandular pubescent externally, with the apex reflexed or not. Apex ciliate. Stamens 2, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, slightly exserted from under the upper lip. Filaments white, glabrous, +1.5cm long. Anthers purplish-brown, 2.5mm long. Style filiform, +3cm long, glabrous, whitish to purple-tinged at the apex. Stigma 2-lobed. Lobes .6mm long. Ovary 4-lobed at the apex, green, glabrous, 1mm long and broad. Calyx tube to -1cm long in flower, -2mm in diameter, 13-ribbed, sparse pilose, 5-lobed. Lobes linear, needle-like, spreading, 2.5-3mm long in flower, ciliate.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Rocky or dry open woods, borders of glades, railroads. Usually an acid substrata.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found in the southeastern half of Missouri and mostly in the Ozark region of the state. The plant is the earliest of the genus to flower in Missouri. It is also the smallest of the genus. The plant is easy to ID because of its big, whitish to pink, zygomorphic flowers.
This species is very fragrant and a tea can be made from the leaves and flowers of the plant.
Steyermark had this species listed as M. russeliana Nutt. but it has been determined that M. russeliana is a different species that occurs in states to the south of Missouri.
Stems - Simple, erect, herbaceous, 4-angled, sparse to dense pilose on the angles, from rhizomes, fragrant. Hairs of the plant multicellular.
Leaves - Opposite, short-petiolate, decussate. Petioles to 2mm long, ciliate=margined. Blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, coarse-shallow serrate, acute, ciliate-margined, pubescent on both surfaces, with lateral veins anastomosing before the margin of the blade, to +7cm long, +4cm broad. Uppermost leaves subtending the inflorescence reduced to bracts.
Inflorescence - Single terminal capitate cluster of flowers per plant. Cluster subtended by small foliaceous bracts. Bracts to +/-1.5cm long, green or slightly pink or purple tinged. Flowers +/-50 per cluster, sessile.
Flowers - Corolla whitish with purple spots, bilabiate. Corolla tube to 1.3cm long, sparse glandular pubescent externally, pubescent internally. Lower lip single-lobed. The lobe to 1.5cm long, 6-7mm broad, mostly white but with purple spots internally, glabrous internally, glandular and pubescent externally, with an apical appendage. Appendage with 2 linear lobes. Upper lip single-lobes. Lobe thin, arching, to 1.4cm long, 2mm broad, simple and glandular pubescent externally, with the apex reflexed or not. Apex ciliate. Stamens 2, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, slightly exserted from under the upper lip. Filaments white, glabrous, +1.5cm long. Anthers purplish-brown, 2.5mm long. Style filiform, +3cm long, glabrous, whitish to purple-tinged at the apex. Stigma 2-lobed. Lobes .6mm long. Ovary 4-lobed at the apex, green, glabrous, 1mm long and broad. Calyx tube to -1cm long in flower, -2mm in diameter, 13-ribbed, sparse pilose, 5-lobed. Lobes linear, needle-like, spreading, 2.5-3mm long in flower, ciliate.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Rocky or dry open woods, borders of glades, railroads. Usually an acid substrata.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found in the southeastern half of Missouri and mostly in the Ozark region of the state. The plant is the earliest of the genus to flower in Missouri. It is also the smallest of the genus. The plant is easy to ID because of its big, whitish to pink, zygomorphic flowers.
This species is very fragrant and a tea can be made from the leaves and flowers of the plant.
Steyermark had this species listed as M. russeliana Nutt. but it has been determined that M. russeliana is a different species that occurs in states to the south of Missouri.
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