文章
严敏
2017年05月29日
一、播种时间
莲子无休眠期,只要水温能保持在16℃以上,四季均可播种。莲子在温度、光照适宜的条件下,从播种到开花春季需要50-60天,秋季需要60-80天。
二、选种
选用饱满黝黑干燥健康的#荷花 种子,要求充分成熟(可以通过比较靠谱的渠道购买,能保障其充分成熟)。
三、种子处理
莲子外壳坚硬密实,浸种前必须进行人工破口,莲子的一头有小突尖,另一头有小凹点。把有小凹点的的那一端在粗糙的水泥地上磨破或用老虎钳子夹破一小口,注意不要夹伤种胚,也不要去壳。
四、浸种
1、用盘子或者随便什么容器把处理好的种子泡上水,水淹过种子深度就可以。
2、如果气温低,可以用保温杯,30度温水;20度以上气温,室内外浸泡都可以。
3、每天换水两次,一般是早上和晚上各换一次。;
4、让其充分接触阳光。
这是五天后的小芽!
五、再次环切
为了让芽发得更好,再次把种皮在环切掉一圈,一般不超过1/3。
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文章
童扬
2017年05月27日
主要有立华、生花、盛花、投入花和自由花等。其中以立华和生花最富有日本花道的特色。
立华
其含义为竖立的花。起源于16世纪,成型于17世纪第二代家元专好时期。立华是池坊流的代表花型,也是各种池坊插花形式的源泉。它是由7-9支花材构图,分上、中、下三段插作而成的一种左右对称而竖立的花型,构图来谨,意今抽象,着力表现山川峻岭、岩石峭壁、溪流山村等大自然的景观之美。每支花材都有一定的长度、一定的位置、一定的伸展方向和插作次序。各花枝必须插在胴内,并由此伸出,花脚集中呈圆柱。立华还有传统立华与现代立华之分。
生花
含义为生长着的花。起源于18世纪,成型于19世纪池坊专定时期的简易插花形式。以三主枝为骨架,组成半月形或不等边三角形的不对称花型,选用花材少而精,构图简洁,造型优美,亭亭玉立,充分表现出花材的自然形体美、色彩美与组合之美,同时也充分体现出人们对花草所寄予的情感。生花的三主枝分别象征宇宙间的天、地、人。
盛花
出现于19世纪,由小原流创建。用浅盘花器和插花器插置花材的一种形式,表现自然景观之美。
投入花
作为投入花插作的容器,一般其颈项较高,以便花材投入,且不用插花器固定花材,仅将花材靠在窗口容器的内壁或底部使之稳定。投入花对于初学者不易掌握,但对于插花熟练者则得心应手。初学者可以选择自然姿态优美的花材直接投入成型,不失为一条捷径。
自由花
为近期形成的一种插花形式。主张表达个性,表达各种花材自然之美和基本特性。其风格有自然式和抽象式两种。
立华
其含义为竖立的花。起源于16世纪,成型于17世纪第二代家元专好时期。立华是池坊流的代表花型,也是各种池坊插花形式的源泉。它是由7-9支花材构图,分上、中、下三段插作而成的一种左右对称而竖立的花型,构图来谨,意今抽象,着力表现山川峻岭、岩石峭壁、溪流山村等大自然的景观之美。每支花材都有一定的长度、一定的位置、一定的伸展方向和插作次序。各花枝必须插在胴内,并由此伸出,花脚集中呈圆柱。立华还有传统立华与现代立华之分。
生花
含义为生长着的花。起源于18世纪,成型于19世纪池坊专定时期的简易插花形式。以三主枝为骨架,组成半月形或不等边三角形的不对称花型,选用花材少而精,构图简洁,造型优美,亭亭玉立,充分表现出花材的自然形体美、色彩美与组合之美,同时也充分体现出人们对花草所寄予的情感。生花的三主枝分别象征宇宙间的天、地、人。
盛花
出现于19世纪,由小原流创建。用浅盘花器和插花器插置花材的一种形式,表现自然景观之美。
投入花
作为投入花插作的容器,一般其颈项较高,以便花材投入,且不用插花器固定花材,仅将花材靠在窗口容器的内壁或底部使之稳定。投入花对于初学者不易掌握,但对于插花熟练者则得心应手。初学者可以选择自然姿态优美的花材直接投入成型,不失为一条捷径。
自由花
为近期形成的一种插花形式。主张表达个性,表达各种花材自然之美和基本特性。其风格有自然式和抽象式两种。
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文章
扭扭
2017年05月23日
If you live in a city and have a small space (a balcony, rooftop, patio etc.) to grow plants, embrace vertical gardening. And with these 16 Vertical Gardening Ideas you can do this easily.Vertical Gardening Ideas for Small Urban Gardens1.
1. Vertical Lettuce Planter
If you love to grow lettuce, herbs or other green leafy vegetables, this project is for you. With minimal space and efforts, make this vertical planter. This simple project can be completed before lunchtime. Check out the tutorial on Bonnie Plants.
2. Vertical Pallet Planter
You can have different types of plants (herbs, salad greens or ornamentals) growing in a limited space you have, this way. Here are a few more ideas using pallets in the garden.
3. DIY Trellis Planter Holder
She had two trellises and she found an idea! Attaching them to the windows can make the dull wall interesting and she could save her plants (herbs) from her daughter who loved to pick and throw the leaves. Here’s what she had done!
You can do something similar in your balcony garden too.
4. Pallet Container Holder
Arrange a pallet board and hang several pots on it and place on your balcony, where it will receive some sun. It’s easy! And the best part is it will create plenty of vertical space.
5. DIY Stacked Planter.
This DIY stacked planter can spruce up any boring place of your garden. It is quick and easy to make and only requires 5 terracotta pots of different sizes, a few of your favorite plants, a center rod, and potting soil. Here is the tutorial.
6. Vertical Picture Frame Planter
A cool idea for your balcony garden to make it greener, you can also hang a wall planter like this in your room. See the step by step tutorial on our website.
7. Vertical Pot Holder From Pallet Planks
Dismantle a pallet board and separate the pallet planks; nail them on to the wall and fix the pots. Simple!
8. DIY Herb Planter
You can learn how to do this on Ginger Snap Crafts. They have used cedar boards and a few other items to build this.
9. Hanging Garden For Apartments
If you live in an apartment then every inch of space is precious for you and having a vertical hanging garden like this can greatly add more planting space to your urban container garden. To see the tutorial, visit this site.
10. Hanging Gutter Garden
If you have a small patio, balcony or roof garden, make a hanging gutter garden like this one, to grow a lot of plants. See more vertical garden ideas for Balcony.
11. Arrange shelves to keep pots
If possible arrange old shelves or something so that you can keep your pots there, this will also create a lot of space in your tiny garden.
12. Hanging Terracotta Planters
No problem if you don’t have a big outdoor area you can still create a lot of space with the help of vertical gardening. A tutorial is available here.
13. Cool Vertical Garden
Buy a cool vertical garden like this or if you have great DIY skills, make one for yourself. You can also arrange small but useful gardening tools and watering can in it.
14. Staircase Plant Stand
Perfect for city people who have balconies, roofs or terraces as an only outdoor space. You can keep containers on there and grow flowers or herbs.
15. Iron Grid Pot Holder
You can make a grid like this by welding the iron rods or weave them by any other method so that you’ll be able to hang the pots. You can paint that too in your favorite color. *The grid can also be made of wood.
16. Mason Jar Herb Garden
Have some mason jars and wooden boards? Make a herb garden like this. One of its kind tutorials is available here.
1. Vertical Lettuce Planter
If you love to grow lettuce, herbs or other green leafy vegetables, this project is for you. With minimal space and efforts, make this vertical planter. This simple project can be completed before lunchtime. Check out the tutorial on Bonnie Plants.
2. Vertical Pallet Planter
You can have different types of plants (herbs, salad greens or ornamentals) growing in a limited space you have, this way. Here are a few more ideas using pallets in the garden.
3. DIY Trellis Planter Holder
She had two trellises and she found an idea! Attaching them to the windows can make the dull wall interesting and she could save her plants (herbs) from her daughter who loved to pick and throw the leaves. Here’s what she had done!
You can do something similar in your balcony garden too.
4. Pallet Container Holder
Arrange a pallet board and hang several pots on it and place on your balcony, where it will receive some sun. It’s easy! And the best part is it will create plenty of vertical space.
5. DIY Stacked Planter.
This DIY stacked planter can spruce up any boring place of your garden. It is quick and easy to make and only requires 5 terracotta pots of different sizes, a few of your favorite plants, a center rod, and potting soil. Here is the tutorial.
6. Vertical Picture Frame Planter
A cool idea for your balcony garden to make it greener, you can also hang a wall planter like this in your room. See the step by step tutorial on our website.
7. Vertical Pot Holder From Pallet Planks
Dismantle a pallet board and separate the pallet planks; nail them on to the wall and fix the pots. Simple!
8. DIY Herb Planter
You can learn how to do this on Ginger Snap Crafts. They have used cedar boards and a few other items to build this.
9. Hanging Garden For Apartments
If you live in an apartment then every inch of space is precious for you and having a vertical hanging garden like this can greatly add more planting space to your urban container garden. To see the tutorial, visit this site.
10. Hanging Gutter Garden
If you have a small patio, balcony or roof garden, make a hanging gutter garden like this one, to grow a lot of plants. See more vertical garden ideas for Balcony.
11. Arrange shelves to keep pots
If possible arrange old shelves or something so that you can keep your pots there, this will also create a lot of space in your tiny garden.
12. Hanging Terracotta Planters
No problem if you don’t have a big outdoor area you can still create a lot of space with the help of vertical gardening. A tutorial is available here.
13. Cool Vertical Garden
Buy a cool vertical garden like this or if you have great DIY skills, make one for yourself. You can also arrange small but useful gardening tools and watering can in it.
14. Staircase Plant Stand
Perfect for city people who have balconies, roofs or terraces as an only outdoor space. You can keep containers on there and grow flowers or herbs.
15. Iron Grid Pot Holder
You can make a grid like this by welding the iron rods or weave them by any other method so that you’ll be able to hang the pots. You can paint that too in your favorite color. *The grid can also be made of wood.
16. Mason Jar Herb Garden
Have some mason jars and wooden boards? Make a herb garden like this. One of its kind tutorials is available here.
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文章
Carol
2017年05月23日
Corten steel landscaping is a new way to design a garden. Check these 16 ideas for inspiration.What is Corten Steel?
Also called the weathering steel, cor-ten steel is maintenance free. It is developed to eliminate the need for painting. It is a group of steel alloys that form a stable rust-like appearance if exposed to the weather for several years. Read more about corten steel on Wikipedia.
“By forming a film of dark brown oxidation over the metal, Cor-Ten successfully resists the corrosive effects of weather conditions such as rain, snow, ice, and fog. In this way, the protective layer prohibits deeper penetration of the elements and eliminates the need for painting and the expense of rust-prevention maintenance over the years, saving both money and time.” If you don’t know much about corten steel landscaping, read this informative post.
In the past, the rust was estimated as an avoidable and undesirable thing. But now with the use of corten steel, a rusted appearance is possible: A door or furniture, a garden fence or a railing made of corten steel is appreciated by the landscapers and designers, especially in contemporary gardens.
Landscaping with Corten Steel
Here you’ll find 16 creative and inspiring ideas related to Corten steel landscaping in the garden.
1. Corten Steel Fence
The Corten steel is a material with multiple applications both practical and aesthetic. For example, modern Corten steel fence can be made in large panels.
A Corten steel fence like this will enhance the design of the exterior and make your time in the garden more enjoyable. It is very suitable for outdoor space and brings a touch of naturalness and modernity.
2. Corten steel fence and visual barrier
The protection and privacy are of the paramount importance. To protect yourself from prying eyes, fix a Corten steel barrier which, besides its decorative function, also acts as a fence.
3. The Corten steel in the garden – a material that has multiple applications
Corten steel has the appearance not only an aesthetic, but it is also resistant to atmospheric conditions. It is almost maintenance free. Under the top layer of rust, there is a special protective layer that prevents the corrosion in it.
4. Corten steel fence made of the reinforcing braided rods
A braided fence made of several reinforcing rods is used to replace the ordinary fence, without cluttering the garden and without reducing the ventilation.
5. Decorative corten steel fence
The Corten steel fence is the contemporary version of the metal fence. It is used with concrete or other material.
6. Corten steel garden gate, eye-catching
If you are looking for a catchy element with rustic style, get yourself a garden gate made of Corten steel to enhance the look of your outdoor space. These type of doors and gates are in fashion. What you have to do only is to choose the design that best fits for your garden.
7. Corton steel entrance door
Rusted door and clean floor do not match each other or quite the contrary?
8. Corton steel walkway
A corten steel walkway can be a good idea to implement. A rustic garden path will look good and be of low maintenance.
9. Corten steel risers to sublimate the steps of the outside staircase
The gross appearance of Corten steel is ideal for rock gardens. This material can be used as risers or for edging.
10. Veranda with a seemingly “rusty” landscape with cor-ten steel raised beds
Combine Corten steel and wood and you will not regret your choice. These materials combine wonderfully and create an atmosphere that is both rustic and modern.
11. Corten steel edging for landscaping
The role of garden borders is to separate the planting beds. Create a rusty steel edge that will be low maintenance too.
12. Corten steel raised beds for ornamental garden
Most of the modern gardens are landscaped with raised beds made of Corten steel, which house the ornamental plants and grasses.
13. Corten steel water feature
Get inspired by the design of this Corten steel water feature filled with rocks. The lush vegetation brings freshness and makes the garden a true paradise.
14. Garden sculpture
Such a sculpture made of corten steel can completely change the design of your garden.
15. Corten steel brazier or other accessories
Also called the weathering steel, cor-ten steel is maintenance free. It is developed to eliminate the need for painting. It is a group of steel alloys that form a stable rust-like appearance if exposed to the weather for several years. Read more about corten steel on Wikipedia.
“By forming a film of dark brown oxidation over the metal, Cor-Ten successfully resists the corrosive effects of weather conditions such as rain, snow, ice, and fog. In this way, the protective layer prohibits deeper penetration of the elements and eliminates the need for painting and the expense of rust-prevention maintenance over the years, saving both money and time.” If you don’t know much about corten steel landscaping, read this informative post.
In the past, the rust was estimated as an avoidable and undesirable thing. But now with the use of corten steel, a rusted appearance is possible: A door or furniture, a garden fence or a railing made of corten steel is appreciated by the landscapers and designers, especially in contemporary gardens.
Landscaping with Corten Steel
Here you’ll find 16 creative and inspiring ideas related to Corten steel landscaping in the garden.
1. Corten Steel Fence
The Corten steel is a material with multiple applications both practical and aesthetic. For example, modern Corten steel fence can be made in large panels.
A Corten steel fence like this will enhance the design of the exterior and make your time in the garden more enjoyable. It is very suitable for outdoor space and brings a touch of naturalness and modernity.
2. Corten steel fence and visual barrier
The protection and privacy are of the paramount importance. To protect yourself from prying eyes, fix a Corten steel barrier which, besides its decorative function, also acts as a fence.
3. The Corten steel in the garden – a material that has multiple applications
Corten steel has the appearance not only an aesthetic, but it is also resistant to atmospheric conditions. It is almost maintenance free. Under the top layer of rust, there is a special protective layer that prevents the corrosion in it.
4. Corten steel fence made of the reinforcing braided rods
A braided fence made of several reinforcing rods is used to replace the ordinary fence, without cluttering the garden and without reducing the ventilation.
5. Decorative corten steel fence
The Corten steel fence is the contemporary version of the metal fence. It is used with concrete or other material.
6. Corten steel garden gate, eye-catching
If you are looking for a catchy element with rustic style, get yourself a garden gate made of Corten steel to enhance the look of your outdoor space. These type of doors and gates are in fashion. What you have to do only is to choose the design that best fits for your garden.
7. Corton steel entrance door
Rusted door and clean floor do not match each other or quite the contrary?
8. Corton steel walkway
A corten steel walkway can be a good idea to implement. A rustic garden path will look good and be of low maintenance.
9. Corten steel risers to sublimate the steps of the outside staircase
The gross appearance of Corten steel is ideal for rock gardens. This material can be used as risers or for edging.
10. Veranda with a seemingly “rusty” landscape with cor-ten steel raised beds
Combine Corten steel and wood and you will not regret your choice. These materials combine wonderfully and create an atmosphere that is both rustic and modern.
11. Corten steel edging for landscaping
The role of garden borders is to separate the planting beds. Create a rusty steel edge that will be low maintenance too.
12. Corten steel raised beds for ornamental garden
Most of the modern gardens are landscaped with raised beds made of Corten steel, which house the ornamental plants and grasses.
13. Corten steel water feature
Get inspired by the design of this Corten steel water feature filled with rocks. The lush vegetation brings freshness and makes the garden a true paradise.
14. Garden sculpture
Such a sculpture made of corten steel can completely change the design of your garden.
15. Corten steel brazier or other accessories
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文章
stone
2017年05月22日
#彩色马蹄莲 与#白色马蹄莲 在栽培管理上没有太大的区别。生长适温均为15℃至25℃,开花期间,日间温度为16℃至19℃,白色品种夜间温度不低于13℃,而有色品种应不低于16℃。若温度高于25℃或低于5℃,则植株被迫进入休眠。它性喜温暖湿润和阳光充足的环境,不耐寒冷和干旱。
彩色马蹄莲植株开完花后,浇水量要逐渐减少,叶变黄枯萎时,要完全停止浇水。生长季节,每半月施稀薄液肥一次,当花莛抽出后,要增加到每周一次,直到花期结束为止。
家庭盆栽彩色马蹄莲,可施用多元缓释复合肥颗粒,也可用0.2%的尿素加0.1%的磷酸二氢钾混合液。栽培用土,可用园土、腐叶土、泥炭土按2∶2∶1 混合,再加入少量的多元复合肥颗粒。
家庭养护马蹄莲时,还应注意以下三点:一是它的心叶忌水湿,平时浇水不留心,使污水滴流入叶心内,易引起软腐病;二是施肥时要从盆缘施入,切忌肥液淋入叶柄内或溅入株心,否则易引起黄叶或腐烂;三是马蹄莲怕烟熏,否则会引起叶片发黄和花苞脱落。
盆栽彩色马蹄莲的栽培技术如下:
上盆要领
预处理:种球到货后,可用赤霉素或勃宁激动素来增加开花数量,可用50-100ppm赤霉素或勃宁激动素浸泡5-10分钟,取出晒干,赤霉素的处理对花梗的长度影响不大,但会使叶片变得狭长,影响观赏价值;500ppm百菌清加500ppm瑞毒霉浸2分钟取出晒干,这一步骤对根茎腐病和软腐病的防治特别重要;在种植时生长点向上;覆土约5厘米后厚;种后淋透清水。
水分管理
块茎需要很多的水分,在生长早期要有规律的浇水,但不要让土太湿,等叶抽出来进入旺盛生长期时注意见干见湿。一般早上浇水,如果天气太热就需要在下午浇水。
使用滴灌能很好的保持水分,在有风的天气下更适于使用。如果要用喷雾灌溉的话,喷头的距离要精确,以保证水量的均匀分布。喷头必须比植株高1米,喷灌系统必须要有足够的压力(至少4千克压力)。植株在水分过多或过少时抗病性会降低,尤其对软腐病抗性会降低。
肥料管理
彩色马蹄莲属于需肥不高的花卉,不同的类型要求不同的肥料水平。用NPK比为20-20-20或12:10:10的均衡肥料,以100ppm的氮浓度每周施一次或200ppm的氮浓度每周施两次左右。
矮化处理
盆栽彩色马蹄莲品种通常高30-50厘米,可根据种植盆的规格和市场需求来决定是否进行矮化处理。嘧啶醇和多效唑对彩色马蹄莲是有效的,矮化处理对叶片的长度有明显的控制,但对花梗的抽长影响不太明显。
病虫害防治
在整个生长季节必须有详细的打药计划,主要用内吸杀虫剂。彩色马蹄莲的主要虫害是蓟马和蚜虫,控制它们特别重要,因为蚜虫能传播病毒。
出芽后就应该开始喷药,每7-10天喷一次,开花结束后,可每3周喷药一次。下面这些药比较适合用在彩色马蹄莲上:地亚农(二嗪磷)、敌杀死、马扑立克(氟胺氰菊脂)、乙酰甲胺磷和敌死通等粒状药(内吸杀菌剂)。这些药在潮湿条件下开始起作用,植株从根部吸收后向上传导,能防治蚜虫和蓟马。这些药品都是危险品,使用时要特别小心,选择多种农药混合使用或轮换使用可防止害虫产生抗药性。注意整个植株都必须喷上药。
种球病害控制
彩色马蹄莲容易被病霉菌和丝核菌从根部侵染,且只有在侵染两周后地上部分才会表现出来,表现为叶片发黄、萎蔫及卷曲等不良症状。如果在潮湿状态下,很容易发生细菌软腐病。在栽植后每2-4周使用根菌清和瑞毒霉,浓度为1升水用0.5克根菌清和0.5克瑞毒霉,灌根一次。
腐霉菌可用呋霜灵控制,但要确保对植株无害,在喷后一周内不要喷杀虫剂。病菌能通过灌溉及地面污染的水传染,要严格检查水源,如有污染要采取针对性处理。
花期病害控制
在湿度大或多雨的季节,花头上有病斑是很常见的。易感染的病害有灰霉病和交链孢萎蔫病。每7-10天喷一次保护性杀菌剂(如百菌清、克菌丹、福美双、代森锰锌和甲苯氟磺胺等)以确保花上有药物残留。
当病害较为严重时,要及时喷治疗性杀菌剂(要能耐小雨,并能在晚上较冷时使用)。这种杀菌剂包括根菌清、异菌脲、咪鲜胺施保克。但一种要每一季只能用2-3次,在湿季下雨前2-3天及时喷药。除了在花期,每10天喷一次可杀得(氢氧化铜)能起到很好的保护效果(100克/100升)。
细菌性软腐病在彩色马蹄莲上是特别严重的问题。好的种球管理将有助于控制细菌性软腐病的发生,尤其是在起球及贮存时应特别注意。当土壤温度高于23℃时植株易感染病菌。
在生长阶段内,当植株抗性减弱时易感染软腐病。许多因素将导致植株抗性减弱,如最初的病原菌侵染、过湿或太干、药害及肥烧、过高的土壤盐分、芽前除草剂的伤害、过高的土壤温度或不适的气候条件。一旦染上细菌性软腐病,病菌将很难根除,可用有保护性的“BTAPO”浇灌,并定期叶面喷洒可杀得(氢氧化铜)。研究表明,抗性弱及细菌性软腐病是彩色马蹄莲栽培上的主要两个问题。细菌性软腐病在高湿、高温条件下极易发生,现在有许多实践经验可用来避免这些问题的发生:
使用排水良好、含氧量高的栽培土壤或基质,因为细菌性软腐病为兼气性厌氧性细菌;
种植密度不要太疏,以利用叶子遮荫,减低土壤温度;
保持土壤微酸性和块茎的高钙浓度,使用石膏可提高钙含量,但不提高pH值,避免人和动物伤害种球。
马蹄莲植株花谢后,应逐渐减少浇水量,至4月下旬搬至室外,放置在略有蔽荫处养护,每天浇水一次,并向花盆附近地面洒水,借以增加空气湿度。6月以后,叶片逐渐枯黄进入休眠期,这时要剪去枯叶,控制浇水,停止施肥,将花盆搬放到通风凉爽处,促使其休眠。至秋季天气转凉后再将块茎从花盆内倒出,取出大的块茎,用新鲜肥沃的培养土重新栽植,待块茎萌发出叶时,再逐渐增加浇水量,同时恢复施肥,便可使其继续开花。
彩色马蹄莲植株开完花后,浇水量要逐渐减少,叶变黄枯萎时,要完全停止浇水。生长季节,每半月施稀薄液肥一次,当花莛抽出后,要增加到每周一次,直到花期结束为止。
家庭盆栽彩色马蹄莲,可施用多元缓释复合肥颗粒,也可用0.2%的尿素加0.1%的磷酸二氢钾混合液。栽培用土,可用园土、腐叶土、泥炭土按2∶2∶1 混合,再加入少量的多元复合肥颗粒。
家庭养护马蹄莲时,还应注意以下三点:一是它的心叶忌水湿,平时浇水不留心,使污水滴流入叶心内,易引起软腐病;二是施肥时要从盆缘施入,切忌肥液淋入叶柄内或溅入株心,否则易引起黄叶或腐烂;三是马蹄莲怕烟熏,否则会引起叶片发黄和花苞脱落。
盆栽彩色马蹄莲的栽培技术如下:
上盆要领
预处理:种球到货后,可用赤霉素或勃宁激动素来增加开花数量,可用50-100ppm赤霉素或勃宁激动素浸泡5-10分钟,取出晒干,赤霉素的处理对花梗的长度影响不大,但会使叶片变得狭长,影响观赏价值;500ppm百菌清加500ppm瑞毒霉浸2分钟取出晒干,这一步骤对根茎腐病和软腐病的防治特别重要;在种植时生长点向上;覆土约5厘米后厚;种后淋透清水。
水分管理
块茎需要很多的水分,在生长早期要有规律的浇水,但不要让土太湿,等叶抽出来进入旺盛生长期时注意见干见湿。一般早上浇水,如果天气太热就需要在下午浇水。
使用滴灌能很好的保持水分,在有风的天气下更适于使用。如果要用喷雾灌溉的话,喷头的距离要精确,以保证水量的均匀分布。喷头必须比植株高1米,喷灌系统必须要有足够的压力(至少4千克压力)。植株在水分过多或过少时抗病性会降低,尤其对软腐病抗性会降低。
肥料管理
彩色马蹄莲属于需肥不高的花卉,不同的类型要求不同的肥料水平。用NPK比为20-20-20或12:10:10的均衡肥料,以100ppm的氮浓度每周施一次或200ppm的氮浓度每周施两次左右。
矮化处理
盆栽彩色马蹄莲品种通常高30-50厘米,可根据种植盆的规格和市场需求来决定是否进行矮化处理。嘧啶醇和多效唑对彩色马蹄莲是有效的,矮化处理对叶片的长度有明显的控制,但对花梗的抽长影响不太明显。
病虫害防治
在整个生长季节必须有详细的打药计划,主要用内吸杀虫剂。彩色马蹄莲的主要虫害是蓟马和蚜虫,控制它们特别重要,因为蚜虫能传播病毒。
出芽后就应该开始喷药,每7-10天喷一次,开花结束后,可每3周喷药一次。下面这些药比较适合用在彩色马蹄莲上:地亚农(二嗪磷)、敌杀死、马扑立克(氟胺氰菊脂)、乙酰甲胺磷和敌死通等粒状药(内吸杀菌剂)。这些药在潮湿条件下开始起作用,植株从根部吸收后向上传导,能防治蚜虫和蓟马。这些药品都是危险品,使用时要特别小心,选择多种农药混合使用或轮换使用可防止害虫产生抗药性。注意整个植株都必须喷上药。
种球病害控制
彩色马蹄莲容易被病霉菌和丝核菌从根部侵染,且只有在侵染两周后地上部分才会表现出来,表现为叶片发黄、萎蔫及卷曲等不良症状。如果在潮湿状态下,很容易发生细菌软腐病。在栽植后每2-4周使用根菌清和瑞毒霉,浓度为1升水用0.5克根菌清和0.5克瑞毒霉,灌根一次。
腐霉菌可用呋霜灵控制,但要确保对植株无害,在喷后一周内不要喷杀虫剂。病菌能通过灌溉及地面污染的水传染,要严格检查水源,如有污染要采取针对性处理。
花期病害控制
在湿度大或多雨的季节,花头上有病斑是很常见的。易感染的病害有灰霉病和交链孢萎蔫病。每7-10天喷一次保护性杀菌剂(如百菌清、克菌丹、福美双、代森锰锌和甲苯氟磺胺等)以确保花上有药物残留。
当病害较为严重时,要及时喷治疗性杀菌剂(要能耐小雨,并能在晚上较冷时使用)。这种杀菌剂包括根菌清、异菌脲、咪鲜胺施保克。但一种要每一季只能用2-3次,在湿季下雨前2-3天及时喷药。除了在花期,每10天喷一次可杀得(氢氧化铜)能起到很好的保护效果(100克/100升)。
细菌性软腐病在彩色马蹄莲上是特别严重的问题。好的种球管理将有助于控制细菌性软腐病的发生,尤其是在起球及贮存时应特别注意。当土壤温度高于23℃时植株易感染病菌。
在生长阶段内,当植株抗性减弱时易感染软腐病。许多因素将导致植株抗性减弱,如最初的病原菌侵染、过湿或太干、药害及肥烧、过高的土壤盐分、芽前除草剂的伤害、过高的土壤温度或不适的气候条件。一旦染上细菌性软腐病,病菌将很难根除,可用有保护性的“BTAPO”浇灌,并定期叶面喷洒可杀得(氢氧化铜)。研究表明,抗性弱及细菌性软腐病是彩色马蹄莲栽培上的主要两个问题。细菌性软腐病在高湿、高温条件下极易发生,现在有许多实践经验可用来避免这些问题的发生:
使用排水良好、含氧量高的栽培土壤或基质,因为细菌性软腐病为兼气性厌氧性细菌;
种植密度不要太疏,以利用叶子遮荫,减低土壤温度;
保持土壤微酸性和块茎的高钙浓度,使用石膏可提高钙含量,但不提高pH值,避免人和动物伤害种球。
马蹄莲植株花谢后,应逐渐减少浇水量,至4月下旬搬至室外,放置在略有蔽荫处养护,每天浇水一次,并向花盆附近地面洒水,借以增加空气湿度。6月以后,叶片逐渐枯黄进入休眠期,这时要剪去枯叶,控制浇水,停止施肥,将花盆搬放到通风凉爽处,促使其休眠。至秋季天气转凉后再将块茎从花盆内倒出,取出大的块茎,用新鲜肥沃的培养土重新栽植,待块茎萌发出叶时,再逐渐增加浇水量,同时恢复施肥,便可使其继续开花。
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1
文章
Rainbow
2017年05月21日
#蜈蚣草 常地生和附生于溪边林下的石缝中和树干上。喜温暖潮润和半阴环境。生长适温3~9月为16~24℃,9月至翌年3月为13~16℃。冬季温度不低干8℃,但短时间能耐0℃低温。也能耐30℃以上高温。
由于蜈蚣草喜湿润土壤和较高的空气湿度。春、秋季需充足浇水,保持盆土不干,但浇水不宜太多,否则叶片易枯黄脱落。夏季除浇水外,每天还需喷水数次,特别悬挂栽培需空气湿度更大些,否则空气干燥,羽状小叶易发生卷边、焦枯现象。蜈蚣草喜明亮的散射光,但也能耐较低的光照,切忌阳光直射。规模性栽培应设遮阳网,以50%~60%遮光率为合适。
盆栽蜈蚣草宜用疏松、肥沃,透气的中性或微酸性土壤。常用腐叶土或泥炭土、培养土或粗沙的混合基质。盆底多垫碎瓦片和碎砖,有利于排水、透气。生长期每旬施肥1次,又
可用”卉友”20-20-20通用肥或20-8-20四季用高硝酸钾肥。同时,生长期要随时摘除枯叶和黄叶,保持叶片清新翠绿。吊钵栽培时要多喷水,多根外追肥和修剪调整株态,并注意通风。
病虫害防治:室内栽培时,如通风不好,易遭受蚜虫和红蜘蛛危害,可用肥皂水或40%氧化乐果乳油1000倍液喷洒防治。在浇水过多或空气湿度过大时,肾蕨易发生生理性叶枯病,注意盆土不宜太湿并用65%代森锌可湿性粉剂600倍液喷洒。
由于蜈蚣草喜湿润土壤和较高的空气湿度。春、秋季需充足浇水,保持盆土不干,但浇水不宜太多,否则叶片易枯黄脱落。夏季除浇水外,每天还需喷水数次,特别悬挂栽培需空气湿度更大些,否则空气干燥,羽状小叶易发生卷边、焦枯现象。蜈蚣草喜明亮的散射光,但也能耐较低的光照,切忌阳光直射。规模性栽培应设遮阳网,以50%~60%遮光率为合适。
盆栽蜈蚣草宜用疏松、肥沃,透气的中性或微酸性土壤。常用腐叶土或泥炭土、培养土或粗沙的混合基质。盆底多垫碎瓦片和碎砖,有利于排水、透气。生长期每旬施肥1次,又
可用”卉友”20-20-20通用肥或20-8-20四季用高硝酸钾肥。同时,生长期要随时摘除枯叶和黄叶,保持叶片清新翠绿。吊钵栽培时要多喷水,多根外追肥和修剪调整株态,并注意通风。
病虫害防治:室内栽培时,如通风不好,易遭受蚜虫和红蜘蛛危害,可用肥皂水或40%氧化乐果乳油1000倍液喷洒防治。在浇水过多或空气湿度过大时,肾蕨易发生生理性叶枯病,注意盆土不宜太湿并用65%代森锌可湿性粉剂600倍液喷洒。
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0
文章
木木
2017年05月21日
本人的苗圃位于安徽省的东南部,长江下游南岸,属亚热带湿润季风气候。气候特点是:光照充足,雨量充沛,四季分明,年平均气温15-16摄氏度,日照时数2000小时左右。最热为7-8月,平均气温超过28℃,极端最高气温接近40℃;最冷为1月,月平均气温仅3℃,曾出现过-10℃的极端最低气温。降雨量大,年降雨量1200毫米,但分布不均,主要集中在春季、梅雨季节和初冬。
一月:仙人掌休眠和生命过程的最小化。气温比较低,因此,我们需要监测温度,无论是在家里还是温室,保持0度以上。必要时,加温。不要轻易浇水,尤其是没有温室的朋友,注意避免冻害。
二月:换盆、授粉。因为有温室、娇丽属、乳突属大都在这个季节开花,连续大晴天,早上可以适量浇水,但要小心,无须浇透,准备开花的多浇水,休眠的少浇或者不浇。一定要注意在阳光明媚的日子里,温室要注意通风,以避免过热或灼伤温室植物。
三月:气温开始平稳,浇水量开始变大,可以翻盆,大部分仙人还没有恢复,注意晒伤。部分地区可以考虑拉起防晒网了。
四月:清明前后,仙人球大都开始生长季节,但仍不要忘晒伤仙人掌的可能。现在,我们可以在连续晴天正常浇水仙人掌。虫子在这个季节也开始活动,可以配药预防虫害。在四月也可以播种和移植。
五月:温度开始爬升, 仙人掌生长开花像疯了似的,所以一定要拍摄一张照片,并将其发送给我。有的种子开始成熟,我采摘成熟的花种子,把它们出售或者播下。这个季节的气温嫁接也是极好的。
六月:本地在6月中上旬开始进入梅雨季节,连绵的阴雨,很高的湿度加上稀少的阳光,是一年中最不利于仙人球的季节,管理上一定要多加小心,不要浇水,这样的天气浇水后很难干透,极其容易导致仙人的腐烂或者徒长。可以在月初浇水时候使用灭菌剂预防。
七月:本地一般在7月的中旬可以出梅,刚出梅要注意放晒,出梅以后,温度直线拉升,有些品种开始停止生长。所以要适当遮阳,控制水量,做到干湿适度、见干见湿。
八月:本地的酷暑到了,连续的晴天,温室在晴天里的温度甚至冲上55度了,要做好降温保湿的工作,防止晒伤,乳突属好像很喜欢这样的季节,有的仍然在开花。
九月:仙人掌仍在增长,但只浇灌干净的水。如果球体沾水要仔细擦干。
十月:仙人掌仍在生长,只是速度放慢了。露天生长的仙人掌需要搬回室内,并开始逐步拉长浇水的间隔。
十一月:仙人掌都停止增长,因此,我们开始断水了,开始为冬天做准备,可以考虑撤下防晒网了。
十二月:仙人掌已经睡着了,所以大家不要打扰他们。但是不要忘记检查适合越冬的温度。
一月:仙人掌休眠和生命过程的最小化。气温比较低,因此,我们需要监测温度,无论是在家里还是温室,保持0度以上。必要时,加温。不要轻易浇水,尤其是没有温室的朋友,注意避免冻害。
二月:换盆、授粉。因为有温室、娇丽属、乳突属大都在这个季节开花,连续大晴天,早上可以适量浇水,但要小心,无须浇透,准备开花的多浇水,休眠的少浇或者不浇。一定要注意在阳光明媚的日子里,温室要注意通风,以避免过热或灼伤温室植物。
三月:气温开始平稳,浇水量开始变大,可以翻盆,大部分仙人还没有恢复,注意晒伤。部分地区可以考虑拉起防晒网了。
四月:清明前后,仙人球大都开始生长季节,但仍不要忘晒伤仙人掌的可能。现在,我们可以在连续晴天正常浇水仙人掌。虫子在这个季节也开始活动,可以配药预防虫害。在四月也可以播种和移植。
五月:温度开始爬升, 仙人掌生长开花像疯了似的,所以一定要拍摄一张照片,并将其发送给我。有的种子开始成熟,我采摘成熟的花种子,把它们出售或者播下。这个季节的气温嫁接也是极好的。
六月:本地在6月中上旬开始进入梅雨季节,连绵的阴雨,很高的湿度加上稀少的阳光,是一年中最不利于仙人球的季节,管理上一定要多加小心,不要浇水,这样的天气浇水后很难干透,极其容易导致仙人的腐烂或者徒长。可以在月初浇水时候使用灭菌剂预防。
七月:本地一般在7月的中旬可以出梅,刚出梅要注意放晒,出梅以后,温度直线拉升,有些品种开始停止生长。所以要适当遮阳,控制水量,做到干湿适度、见干见湿。
八月:本地的酷暑到了,连续的晴天,温室在晴天里的温度甚至冲上55度了,要做好降温保湿的工作,防止晒伤,乳突属好像很喜欢这样的季节,有的仍然在开花。
九月:仙人掌仍在增长,但只浇灌干净的水。如果球体沾水要仔细擦干。
十月:仙人掌仍在生长,只是速度放慢了。露天生长的仙人掌需要搬回室内,并开始逐步拉长浇水的间隔。
十一月:仙人掌都停止增长,因此,我们开始断水了,开始为冬天做准备,可以考虑撤下防晒网了。
十二月:仙人掌已经睡着了,所以大家不要打扰他们。但是不要忘记检查适合越冬的温度。
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