文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
The ghost orchid is so rare that it has been put on the list of threatened and endangered plants in Florida, one of the few places where it grows. The number of ghost orchids there is around 1,200, and it is illegal to pick any of them from the wild. Since you can't pick them yourself, you're going to need how to buy them, and how to do so within the law.
Step 1
Determine whether you are up to the challenge of even owning a ghost orchid in the first place. The reason that ghost orchids are so rare in the wild is because they have such a low survival rate--and they have an even lower survival rate in captivity. You're going to need just the right temperature, just the right care, and even then, most ghost orchids will die before growing to their full size.
Step 2
Find a nursery or garden center that sells ghost orchid seedlings. You will not be able to find full-grown ghost orchids to buy, since nurseries and garden centers take a profit risk trying to grow them. Most nurseries or garden centers that sell ghost orchid seedlings are located in Florida. Call your local nurseries or garden centers ahead of time, since these orchids are rare. Ask if the seedlings can be ordered if they are not in stock.
Step 3
Search for online orchid dealers if no nursery or garden center near you carries ghost orchid seedlings. Understand that buying online makes growing the ghost orchid even harder, since seedlings may be damaged during shipping.
Step 4
Prepare an area to grow your ghost orchid before you buy it. The ghost orchid is not a plant you pop in the dirt to grow; it needs a special system designed for its growing needs.
Step 1
Determine whether you are up to the challenge of even owning a ghost orchid in the first place. The reason that ghost orchids are so rare in the wild is because they have such a low survival rate--and they have an even lower survival rate in captivity. You're going to need just the right temperature, just the right care, and even then, most ghost orchids will die before growing to their full size.
Step 2
Find a nursery or garden center that sells ghost orchid seedlings. You will not be able to find full-grown ghost orchids to buy, since nurseries and garden centers take a profit risk trying to grow them. Most nurseries or garden centers that sell ghost orchid seedlings are located in Florida. Call your local nurseries or garden centers ahead of time, since these orchids are rare. Ask if the seedlings can be ordered if they are not in stock.
Step 3
Search for online orchid dealers if no nursery or garden center near you carries ghost orchid seedlings. Understand that buying online makes growing the ghost orchid even harder, since seedlings may be damaged during shipping.
Step 4
Prepare an area to grow your ghost orchid before you buy it. The ghost orchid is not a plant you pop in the dirt to grow; it needs a special system designed for its growing needs.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Orchids are part of a plant group with over 30,000 species. Most orchids can rebloom several times after the blossoms dry up and die off. Some species require different care after the blooms die, but good general orchid care will help ensure your flower has the opportunity to rebloom.
Cutting
Some orchids require you to cut them to encourage reblooming. Certain species should be cut with a sterile tool just above where the stem grows out of the leaf and bulb. Other orchid species have black lines on the lower part of the stem that you should cut above. Other species do not require any cutting. Check with a greenhouse or garden store if you need help identifying your orchid's species or need specific cutting instructions. If you are concerned that your stem will get infected, you can rub a bit of cinnamon or rubbing alcohol on the freshly cut portion to keep bacteria out.
Repotting
After your orchid blooms die, you may need to repot your plant. Orchids should stay in the same potting soil for only two or three years at the most. Many orchids' roots are extremely sensitive, so use caution when repotting to avoid disturbing the roots too much. Plastic and clay pots are both suitable for orchids, but clay dries out quicker. Orchids in clay pots will require more frequent watering. Make sure your pot has adequate drainage holes to get rid of excess water. Repot your orchid in a premade orchid soil mix or make your own from osmunda fiber, soil, peat moss and shredded bark.
Watering
Overwatering your orchid can lead to root rot and quicker decay of the soil and compost. Use water the same temperature as the atmosphere around the orchid. Do not leave the soil soggy. Some orchid species require consistently moist soil, while others should be allowed to dry out completely before watering them again. Yellow or crinkled leaves are signs of overwatering, but these can take months to appear. Black or dark brown mushy roots are rotted. Remove these sections and repot your orchid.
Light and Temperature
Orchids thrive in humid environments with daytime temperatures between 65 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Nighttime temperatures 10 to 15 degrees cooler than the average daytime temperature will help stimulate new growth and blooms. Increase the humidity by placing your orchid pot on a tray with moist pebbles and mist your flowers with warm water each morning. Bright light will help your orchid rebloom after the blooms die. Allow your plant to get eight to ten hours of sunlight each day or use 40-watt florescent lights placed about 12 inches above the plant.
Fertilizing
Do not fertilize your orchids while they are dormant. During the blooming period, use a half-strength solution of a balanced 10-10-10 fertilizer every two weeks. If you grow your orchids in soil with a lot of tree bark, use a half-strength mixture of 30-10-10 every two weeks since tree bark does not contain the nutrients orchids need to thrive.
Cutting
Some orchids require you to cut them to encourage reblooming. Certain species should be cut with a sterile tool just above where the stem grows out of the leaf and bulb. Other orchid species have black lines on the lower part of the stem that you should cut above. Other species do not require any cutting. Check with a greenhouse or garden store if you need help identifying your orchid's species or need specific cutting instructions. If you are concerned that your stem will get infected, you can rub a bit of cinnamon or rubbing alcohol on the freshly cut portion to keep bacteria out.
Repotting
After your orchid blooms die, you may need to repot your plant. Orchids should stay in the same potting soil for only two or three years at the most. Many orchids' roots are extremely sensitive, so use caution when repotting to avoid disturbing the roots too much. Plastic and clay pots are both suitable for orchids, but clay dries out quicker. Orchids in clay pots will require more frequent watering. Make sure your pot has adequate drainage holes to get rid of excess water. Repot your orchid in a premade orchid soil mix or make your own from osmunda fiber, soil, peat moss and shredded bark.
Watering
Overwatering your orchid can lead to root rot and quicker decay of the soil and compost. Use water the same temperature as the atmosphere around the orchid. Do not leave the soil soggy. Some orchid species require consistently moist soil, while others should be allowed to dry out completely before watering them again. Yellow or crinkled leaves are signs of overwatering, but these can take months to appear. Black or dark brown mushy roots are rotted. Remove these sections and repot your orchid.
Light and Temperature
Orchids thrive in humid environments with daytime temperatures between 65 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Nighttime temperatures 10 to 15 degrees cooler than the average daytime temperature will help stimulate new growth and blooms. Increase the humidity by placing your orchid pot on a tray with moist pebbles and mist your flowers with warm water each morning. Bright light will help your orchid rebloom after the blooms die. Allow your plant to get eight to ten hours of sunlight each day or use 40-watt florescent lights placed about 12 inches above the plant.
Fertilizing
Do not fertilize your orchids while they are dormant. During the blooming period, use a half-strength solution of a balanced 10-10-10 fertilizer every two weeks. If you grow your orchids in soil with a lot of tree bark, use a half-strength mixture of 30-10-10 every two weeks since tree bark does not contain the nutrients orchids need to thrive.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Despite their upscale reputation, orchids can be as easy to grow as more plebian plants. Among the varieties recommended for novices are the moth orchid (Phalaenopsis spp.), dancing ladies orchid (Oncidium spp. ), slipper orchid (Paphiopedilum spp.), and florist's orchid (Cattleya spp.). The first type is perennial in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 11 to 12 and the second in USDA zones 10 to 11, while the hardiness of the latter two varies according to species from USDA zones 10 to 12. Most orchids are grown as potted house plants or greenhouse plants.
Windows and Warmth
Moth and slipper orchids will burn if given too much sunlight. They should occupy an east- or west-facing windowsill where they receive only a few hours of early morning or late afternoon rays or bright, indirect light. Dancing ladies and florist's orchids require stronger illumination. Place them on a sunny south-facing windowsill with a sheer curtain between them and the glass. Orchids will also grow happily under two shop lights, hung side by side 6 to 12 inches above the plants' leaves and timed to run for 12 to 16 hours every day. Position the most light-loving plants under the center of the four fluorescent tubes and the others closer to the ends. Orchids prefer a 10-degree drop in night-time temperatures, which you can provide for part of the year by keeping them outdoors -- on a roofed porch or under the high shade of a tree -- during summer.
Soil and Sustenance
Because most of these orchids grow on trees in their native habitats, they should be potted in orchid bark rather than soil. The exception is the semi-terrestrial slipper orchid, which needs a constantly damp medium, so grow it in an orchid mix which combines both compost and bark. For plants potted solely in bark, apply a high-nitrogen orchid plant food such as 30-10-10 once every two weeks during spring and summer, mixing 1/4 teaspoon of the plant food crystals with 1 gallon of water. For those whose mix contains soil, opt for a balanced 20-20-20 plant food every two weeks, using 1/2 teaspoon per gallon of water. In the fall, switch to a 10-30-20 plant food for all types, at the 1/2 teaspoon per gallon rate, to encourage bud production. Reduce the feedings to once a month at the same rate during the winter.
H2O and Humidity
With the exception of the slipper types, whose soil should be kept lightly moist, the orchids should be allowed to almost dry out before you water them again. They usually won't need to be watered more than twice a week during the summer months, perhaps once a week during the winter. If you grow your orchids in cache pots -- outer pots which conceal the inner ones -- be sure to empty the excess water out of those pots or the plants' roots will rot. To help provide the high humidity orchids prefer, place trays of gravel beneath the pots, but always keep the water level in those trays below the surface of the gravel.
Pests and Pathogens
These orchids can suffer from aphids, scale insects, spider mites, and thrips, which give the appearance respectively of green lice, brown bumps, mottled leaves with webbing, and white streaks on the flowers. Spray the plants thoroughly in the early morning with insecticidal soap, using about 1 1/4 tablespoons of the soap solution per quart of water. Repeat the treatment two days later for aphids or one week later for other insects. If kept too wet and/or cold, orchids can also suffer from black or brown blotches or rot on the foliage. Use pruning shears or a pruning knife to cut out the affected areas, dipping the blade or blades between cuts in a mix of 1 part rubbing alcohol and 1 part water, and dust the cut edges with an anti-fungal such as powdered cinnamon.
Windows and Warmth
Moth and slipper orchids will burn if given too much sunlight. They should occupy an east- or west-facing windowsill where they receive only a few hours of early morning or late afternoon rays or bright, indirect light. Dancing ladies and florist's orchids require stronger illumination. Place them on a sunny south-facing windowsill with a sheer curtain between them and the glass. Orchids will also grow happily under two shop lights, hung side by side 6 to 12 inches above the plants' leaves and timed to run for 12 to 16 hours every day. Position the most light-loving plants under the center of the four fluorescent tubes and the others closer to the ends. Orchids prefer a 10-degree drop in night-time temperatures, which you can provide for part of the year by keeping them outdoors -- on a roofed porch or under the high shade of a tree -- during summer.
Soil and Sustenance
Because most of these orchids grow on trees in their native habitats, they should be potted in orchid bark rather than soil. The exception is the semi-terrestrial slipper orchid, which needs a constantly damp medium, so grow it in an orchid mix which combines both compost and bark. For plants potted solely in bark, apply a high-nitrogen orchid plant food such as 30-10-10 once every two weeks during spring and summer, mixing 1/4 teaspoon of the plant food crystals with 1 gallon of water. For those whose mix contains soil, opt for a balanced 20-20-20 plant food every two weeks, using 1/2 teaspoon per gallon of water. In the fall, switch to a 10-30-20 plant food for all types, at the 1/2 teaspoon per gallon rate, to encourage bud production. Reduce the feedings to once a month at the same rate during the winter.
H2O and Humidity
With the exception of the slipper types, whose soil should be kept lightly moist, the orchids should be allowed to almost dry out before you water them again. They usually won't need to be watered more than twice a week during the summer months, perhaps once a week during the winter. If you grow your orchids in cache pots -- outer pots which conceal the inner ones -- be sure to empty the excess water out of those pots or the plants' roots will rot. To help provide the high humidity orchids prefer, place trays of gravel beneath the pots, but always keep the water level in those trays below the surface of the gravel.
Pests and Pathogens
These orchids can suffer from aphids, scale insects, spider mites, and thrips, which give the appearance respectively of green lice, brown bumps, mottled leaves with webbing, and white streaks on the flowers. Spray the plants thoroughly in the early morning with insecticidal soap, using about 1 1/4 tablespoons of the soap solution per quart of water. Repeat the treatment two days later for aphids or one week later for other insects. If kept too wet and/or cold, orchids can also suffer from black or brown blotches or rot on the foliage. Use pruning shears or a pruning knife to cut out the affected areas, dipping the blade or blades between cuts in a mix of 1 part rubbing alcohol and 1 part water, and dust the cut edges with an anti-fungal such as powdered cinnamon.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Native to tropical Asia, the bamboo orchid (Arundina graminifolia or Arundina barbusifolia) grows to 8 feet with reedy stems and evergreen, grass-like leaves up to 1-foot long. Its 2- to 3-inch-wide flowers appear in clusters at the stems' tips in summer and autumn, each lasting for about three days. Those fragrant blooms vary in color from white to pinkish mauve with a darker purple lip. The Missouri Botanical Garden lists the bamboo orchid as perennial only in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 11 through 12, but other sources consider it hardy as far north as USDA zone 9.
Indoor Position
Due to its large size and preference for high humidity, this orchid generally performs better outdoors than indoors. If you wish to try it as a houseplant, a clump – which usually contains three to five canes – needs a pot at least 12 inches in diameter. The bamboo orchid isn't picky about its medium and can be grown in regular potting soil, sphagnum moss or a more typical orchid mix of 1 part organic potting soil, 1 part coarse orchid bark and 1 part sand.
The bamboo orchid prefers full sun or at least partial sun, so position it on or near a south-facing windowsill where it receives temperatures between 60 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit.
Keep the air moist around it by placing it in a humid room, such as a bathroom, or setting it atop a humidity tray.
The plant is seldom bothered by pests or diseases.
Indoor Provisions
Water the orchid frequently enough that its medium or mix never dries out completely.
Fertilize it once a week from spring to fall with a 20-20-20 plant food, mixing 1/4 teaspoon of the crystals into 1 gallon of water. Always follow label instructions.
If possible, move the plant outdoors during the summer, setting it in shade at first, and gradually accustoming it to full sun.
Outdoor Position
If you wish to grow the bamboo orchid outdoors, place it in a protected, raised bed in full or partial sun. That bed should be filled with a humus-rich soil, which is about 2 parts compost, 1 part topsoil and 1 part coarse sand. Space the plants 1 foot apart in that bed and mulch it with 3 inches of shredded bark -- to keep the soil moist -- but don't allow the mulch to touch the plant's stems.
Outdoor Provisions
Water the bed about once every three days when there is no rain, or however often is necessary to prevent the soil from drying out.
Feed the orchids once every two months during spring and summer by pulling back the mulch and sprinkling the pellets of an organic fertilizer, such as 5-5-5 around the bases of the plants, using 1 cup for each 20 square feet of bed.
When all the buds on a cane have bloomed, snip that cane off near soil level with sterilized pruning tools.
Indoor Position
Due to its large size and preference for high humidity, this orchid generally performs better outdoors than indoors. If you wish to try it as a houseplant, a clump – which usually contains three to five canes – needs a pot at least 12 inches in diameter. The bamboo orchid isn't picky about its medium and can be grown in regular potting soil, sphagnum moss or a more typical orchid mix of 1 part organic potting soil, 1 part coarse orchid bark and 1 part sand.
The bamboo orchid prefers full sun or at least partial sun, so position it on or near a south-facing windowsill where it receives temperatures between 60 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit.
Keep the air moist around it by placing it in a humid room, such as a bathroom, or setting it atop a humidity tray.
The plant is seldom bothered by pests or diseases.
Indoor Provisions
Water the orchid frequently enough that its medium or mix never dries out completely.
Fertilize it once a week from spring to fall with a 20-20-20 plant food, mixing 1/4 teaspoon of the crystals into 1 gallon of water. Always follow label instructions.
If possible, move the plant outdoors during the summer, setting it in shade at first, and gradually accustoming it to full sun.
Outdoor Position
If you wish to grow the bamboo orchid outdoors, place it in a protected, raised bed in full or partial sun. That bed should be filled with a humus-rich soil, which is about 2 parts compost, 1 part topsoil and 1 part coarse sand. Space the plants 1 foot apart in that bed and mulch it with 3 inches of shredded bark -- to keep the soil moist -- but don't allow the mulch to touch the plant's stems.
Outdoor Provisions
Water the bed about once every three days when there is no rain, or however often is necessary to prevent the soil from drying out.
Feed the orchids once every two months during spring and summer by pulling back the mulch and sprinkling the pellets of an organic fertilizer, such as 5-5-5 around the bases of the plants, using 1 cup for each 20 square feet of bed.
When all the buds on a cane have bloomed, snip that cane off near soil level with sterilized pruning tools.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Orchids are cultivated and prized by gardeners all over the world. According to the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, there are between 20,000 and 30,0000 different species of orchid in the world. In the wild, orchids can be found on every continent except Antarctica, though the great majority live in tropical and subtropical forests. About three quarters of all orchid species are epiphytes, which is a term that refers to plants that live and grow upon other plants. Orchids that grow on a host tree have a special kind of symbiotic relationship with it.
Symbiosis
Symbiotic relationships between organisms can take different forms. Marietta College describes three forms. Parasitism is a relationship where one organism, the parasite, receives or takes benefits at the expense of the host organism. Mutualism is a relationship where both organisms receive a benefit from the relationship. Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship where one organism receives benefits, but the other is nether helped nor harmed. Most epiphytic orchids fall into this category.
Orchid Features
Like other plants, epiphytic orchids have leaves, stems, flowers and roots. According to the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, their root systems tend to be less extensive than plants that live on the ground but are capable of fast, efficient uptake of water and nutrients. Epiphytic orchids are also capable of storing water in their stems to compensate for dry periods. They tend to grow on parts of trees that collect organic debris and water, such as on inner branches. Trees with rough barks that hold water and humus in cracks and crevices tend to support orchids better than those with smooth barks.
Nutrition
Epiphytes need nutrients in order to survive, grow and reproduce. They acquire their nutrition in different ways. Some are capable of taking in everything they need directly from the air around them. Others glean water, minerals and nitrogen from the decaying organic matter of their host tree. According to the American Journal of Botany, some species rely on other organisms growing on the tree, such as fungi, for nutritional benefits. Other sources of nutrition include waste products from insects and birds.
Negative Effects
Although the epiphyte doesn't harm the host by taking away its nutrition, there are ways that the host tree can be affected. The Brooklyn Botanic Gardens describe how the sheer weight of a mass of epiphytic growth can cause damaging branch breakage. Some host trees with rough bark may shed pieces of their bark periodically, preventing the overgrowth of orchids and other epiphytic plants. Others produce chemicals that can inhibit or discourage epiphyte growth.
Positive Effects
Epiphytes increase the amount of moisture in the air, helping to keep the tropical rainforests humid. This is important in that it helps the rainforest trees absorb nitrogen from the air. As described by the University of Missouri Extension, the uptake and utilization of nitrogen through the nitrogen cycle is essential to plant growth, function and reproduction.
Symbiosis
Symbiotic relationships between organisms can take different forms. Marietta College describes three forms. Parasitism is a relationship where one organism, the parasite, receives or takes benefits at the expense of the host organism. Mutualism is a relationship where both organisms receive a benefit from the relationship. Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship where one organism receives benefits, but the other is nether helped nor harmed. Most epiphytic orchids fall into this category.
Orchid Features
Like other plants, epiphytic orchids have leaves, stems, flowers and roots. According to the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, their root systems tend to be less extensive than plants that live on the ground but are capable of fast, efficient uptake of water and nutrients. Epiphytic orchids are also capable of storing water in their stems to compensate for dry periods. They tend to grow on parts of trees that collect organic debris and water, such as on inner branches. Trees with rough barks that hold water and humus in cracks and crevices tend to support orchids better than those with smooth barks.
Nutrition
Epiphytes need nutrients in order to survive, grow and reproduce. They acquire their nutrition in different ways. Some are capable of taking in everything they need directly from the air around them. Others glean water, minerals and nitrogen from the decaying organic matter of their host tree. According to the American Journal of Botany, some species rely on other organisms growing on the tree, such as fungi, for nutritional benefits. Other sources of nutrition include waste products from insects and birds.
Negative Effects
Although the epiphyte doesn't harm the host by taking away its nutrition, there are ways that the host tree can be affected. The Brooklyn Botanic Gardens describe how the sheer weight of a mass of epiphytic growth can cause damaging branch breakage. Some host trees with rough bark may shed pieces of their bark periodically, preventing the overgrowth of orchids and other epiphytic plants. Others produce chemicals that can inhibit or discourage epiphyte growth.
Positive Effects
Epiphytes increase the amount of moisture in the air, helping to keep the tropical rainforests humid. This is important in that it helps the rainforest trees absorb nitrogen from the air. As described by the University of Missouri Extension, the uptake and utilization of nitrogen through the nitrogen cycle is essential to plant growth, function and reproduction.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Black orchids are popular in witchcraft stories, fiction, spooky legends and myths, as well as pop-culture comics characters. They are believed to be mysterious flowers, with magical powers. In reality, however, the black orchid is just another species of the exotic orchid family, considered a challenge to grow, but easy to raise and propagate. Black orchid flower arrangements are commonly used in corporate events or Gothic-themed parties, because of their mysterious and elegant color.
The black orchid has many symbolisms. Many consider black as the color of death, and attribute evil connotations to it. However, the black orchid, with its imposing color and mysterious beauty, also signifies great power and absolute authority, and commands submission. It has long been a symbol of the elite class, as in fashion history, the use of the color was restricted to certain classes because of its formality.
Species
According to Onlineflowersguide.com, black orchid has two main types: terrestrial (grows on the ground) and epiphytes (grows on trees). There are many versions of the orchid considered dark enough or nearly black, such as: Dendrobium fuliginosa (the "Black Pam), Coelogyne pandurata, Miltonioides leucomelas, Dracula vampira, Dracula roezlii, Oncidium henckenii, and a few hybrids like Paphiopedilum Maudiae Prieta Paphiopedilum Makuli ("Candor Blackheart"), Paphiopedilum Black Velvet ("Candor Neat") and Paphiopedilum Maudiae ("Florafest's Queen").
Still, the truly pure deep black orchid continues to be the Liparis nervosa, called "kokuran" (which literally means black orchid) in Japanese.
Origins
The black orchid is common in Asia, as well as Central and South America. The orchid's name is derived from the Greek word "orchis," meaning "testicle," because of the shape of its bulbous roots, making the black orchid a symbol of virility. Early Greeks believed they could control their baby's gender by consuming orchid roots. If they want to have a son, the father should eat large, new orchid tubers; if they want a daughter, it's the mother's turn to eat small tubers. Orchid collection became popular and more extensive during the 19th century.
Care & Propagation
Black orchids easily adapt to any environment, but grow best in a warm temperature (not too hot or too cold) or partial sun exposure. It blooms from July to September and can reach up to 12 inches in height. It is propagated through six methods: seeds, meristem or tissue culture, division, areal cuttings, keiki or by dyeing white orchids using black dye.
Significant Uses
The black orchid, as a symbol of absolute authority and achievement, is the perfect gift for someone who has recently assumed a high position, graduated, attained a significant goal or achievement, or a leader. Gift it to your new boss, a graduate, or your parish priest. It is an appropriate gift for both males and females. The black orchid's virility connotations also make it an excellent gift for your mate to communicate your fertility wishes as well as your confidence in his sexual power.
The black orchid has many symbolisms. Many consider black as the color of death, and attribute evil connotations to it. However, the black orchid, with its imposing color and mysterious beauty, also signifies great power and absolute authority, and commands submission. It has long been a symbol of the elite class, as in fashion history, the use of the color was restricted to certain classes because of its formality.
Species
According to Onlineflowersguide.com, black orchid has two main types: terrestrial (grows on the ground) and epiphytes (grows on trees). There are many versions of the orchid considered dark enough or nearly black, such as: Dendrobium fuliginosa (the "Black Pam), Coelogyne pandurata, Miltonioides leucomelas, Dracula vampira, Dracula roezlii, Oncidium henckenii, and a few hybrids like Paphiopedilum Maudiae Prieta Paphiopedilum Makuli ("Candor Blackheart"), Paphiopedilum Black Velvet ("Candor Neat") and Paphiopedilum Maudiae ("Florafest's Queen").
Still, the truly pure deep black orchid continues to be the Liparis nervosa, called "kokuran" (which literally means black orchid) in Japanese.
Origins
The black orchid is common in Asia, as well as Central and South America. The orchid's name is derived from the Greek word "orchis," meaning "testicle," because of the shape of its bulbous roots, making the black orchid a symbol of virility. Early Greeks believed they could control their baby's gender by consuming orchid roots. If they want to have a son, the father should eat large, new orchid tubers; if they want a daughter, it's the mother's turn to eat small tubers. Orchid collection became popular and more extensive during the 19th century.
Care & Propagation
Black orchids easily adapt to any environment, but grow best in a warm temperature (not too hot or too cold) or partial sun exposure. It blooms from July to September and can reach up to 12 inches in height. It is propagated through six methods: seeds, meristem or tissue culture, division, areal cuttings, keiki or by dyeing white orchids using black dye.
Significant Uses
The black orchid, as a symbol of absolute authority and achievement, is the perfect gift for someone who has recently assumed a high position, graduated, attained a significant goal or achievement, or a leader. Gift it to your new boss, a graduate, or your parish priest. It is an appropriate gift for both males and females. The black orchid's virility connotations also make it an excellent gift for your mate to communicate your fertility wishes as well as your confidence in his sexual power.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
The profuse blossoms fade and fall from the flower spike, leaving your moth orchid (Phalaenopsis spp.) bare. Phalaenopsis are the lovely flowering orchids found in many stores and florist shops. While other orchids may be available, Phalaenopsis is the easiest to locate, grow and rebloom. Hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 10 through 12, it thrives indoors in winter and enjoys shady outdoor locations in summer.
Reduce the Temperature
Phalaenopsis, Odontoglossum and Zygopetalum are among the orchid species that are stimulated to rebloom when temperatures drop 10 to 15 degrees Fahrenheit at night. The ideal temperatures for these orchids are 75 to 85 degrees F during the day and 60 to 65 degrees F at night. If the orchid is a houseplant, when outside temperatures drop at night, open a window to pull in the cooler night air. Monitor night temperatures -- the orchid should not be exposed to temperatures below 58 degrees F.
Provide More Light
Phalaenopsis, like other orchids, prefers bright, filtered light from an east- or west-facing window. In winter, you can use a full-spectrum grow light to provide additional light to help stimulate growth and new flower spike development. If the orchid's leaves are dark green, it's not receiving enough light. The leaves should be a light greenish-yellow. However, avoid placing the orchid in direct sun; the leaves easily burn in sunlight.
Water Regularly
Orchids require regular watering, generally once a week when the potting mix is dry. Place the orchid pot in the sink and fill the pot with water. Allow the water to drain completely from the potting mix, and then repeat twice to ensure that the bark or other medium is moist. Orchids also require higher humidity than most homes provide. A tray filled with pebbles and water under the orchid pot helps raise the humidity, while a cool steam vaporizer adds additional moisture to the air around the orchid.
Fertilize Weekly
To encourage the orchid to rebloom, it needs regular feeding. Feed the plant with a one-quarter strength 20-20-20 fertilizer solution every week, immediately after watering. Mix 1/4 teaspoon liquid fertilizer with 1 gallon of water, and pour the solution over the potting mix until it drains from the bottom of the pot. The American Orchid Society recommends avoiding fertilizers formulated with urea, which may burn the orchid's roots.
Trim the Flower Spike
Phalaenopsis reblooms from the flower spike, but the second blooming may have fewer, smaller flowers. Some gardeners trim the flower spike to one or two nodes, approximately 1 to 2 inches long. Others recommend trimming the flower spike to the base of the plant. Always sterilize your pruners before and after cutting the flower spike to prevent the spread of fungi or disease, using a solution made of equal parts water and rubbing alcohol.
Enjoy the Flowers
Orchids vary when reblooming. Some species may not bloom again until spring, while Phalaenopsis may begin developing new flower spikes from the nodes left on the trimmed flower spike and bloom again in eight to 12 weeks. Once the orchid blooms, the flowers linger for four months or more.
Reduce the Temperature
Phalaenopsis, Odontoglossum and Zygopetalum are among the orchid species that are stimulated to rebloom when temperatures drop 10 to 15 degrees Fahrenheit at night. The ideal temperatures for these orchids are 75 to 85 degrees F during the day and 60 to 65 degrees F at night. If the orchid is a houseplant, when outside temperatures drop at night, open a window to pull in the cooler night air. Monitor night temperatures -- the orchid should not be exposed to temperatures below 58 degrees F.
Provide More Light
Phalaenopsis, like other orchids, prefers bright, filtered light from an east- or west-facing window. In winter, you can use a full-spectrum grow light to provide additional light to help stimulate growth and new flower spike development. If the orchid's leaves are dark green, it's not receiving enough light. The leaves should be a light greenish-yellow. However, avoid placing the orchid in direct sun; the leaves easily burn in sunlight.
Water Regularly
Orchids require regular watering, generally once a week when the potting mix is dry. Place the orchid pot in the sink and fill the pot with water. Allow the water to drain completely from the potting mix, and then repeat twice to ensure that the bark or other medium is moist. Orchids also require higher humidity than most homes provide. A tray filled with pebbles and water under the orchid pot helps raise the humidity, while a cool steam vaporizer adds additional moisture to the air around the orchid.
Fertilize Weekly
To encourage the orchid to rebloom, it needs regular feeding. Feed the plant with a one-quarter strength 20-20-20 fertilizer solution every week, immediately after watering. Mix 1/4 teaspoon liquid fertilizer with 1 gallon of water, and pour the solution over the potting mix until it drains from the bottom of the pot. The American Orchid Society recommends avoiding fertilizers formulated with urea, which may burn the orchid's roots.
Trim the Flower Spike
Phalaenopsis reblooms from the flower spike, but the second blooming may have fewer, smaller flowers. Some gardeners trim the flower spike to one or two nodes, approximately 1 to 2 inches long. Others recommend trimming the flower spike to the base of the plant. Always sterilize your pruners before and after cutting the flower spike to prevent the spread of fungi or disease, using a solution made of equal parts water and rubbing alcohol.
Enjoy the Flowers
Orchids vary when reblooming. Some species may not bloom again until spring, while Phalaenopsis may begin developing new flower spikes from the nodes left on the trimmed flower spike and bloom again in eight to 12 weeks. Once the orchid blooms, the flowers linger for four months or more.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Like most plants, when an orchid (plants in the Orchidaceae family) produces new leaves, older ones naturally turn yellow before dying back. When newer leaves turn yellow, it's important to reevaluate how you care for the plant and then check it for some common orchid diseases. While almost all of the symptoms of these include some sort of yellowing of the leaves, only a few turn leaves completely yellow.
Too Much Light
Most of the more than 25,000 species of orchids grow in tropical forests, shaded by the canopy. Although some species thrive in bright sunlight, others will experience yellow foliage. This will eventually drop off the plant. To avoid the problem in the future, provide the orchid with indirect sunlight by setting it on the sill of an east-facing window or within two feet of a south-facing window. If you know that your particular orchid species requires medium sunlight, place it on the sill of a west-facing window or within one foot of a window that receives southern exposure.
Cold Temperatures
Orchids are hardy outdoors in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 2 through 11, depending on species. Outside of the tropics, most are grown indoors, however, where they do fine with typical indoor temperatures. Some orchids, such as phalaenopsis (Phalaenopsis spp.), hardy in USDA zones 10 through 12, are sensitive to temperatures below 60 degrees Fahrenheit, and leaves will turn yellow. Again, these leaves will naturally fall from the plant. Adjust the temperature until you find one that suits the orchid best, between 60 and 80 degrees during the daytime and 50 to 55 degrees at night.
Bacterial Rot
Bacterial soft and brown rot are orchid diseases that turn the orchid's leaves yellow before they darken to black. Treat the infection by removing affected parts of the plant with sterile tools and then spraying the orchid until it is wet with a broad-range virucide, bactericide and fungicide, such as Physan 20. Use 2 teaspoons in 1 gallon of water. Repeat the spray once a month to prevent further occurrences. Keeping the foliage dry and increasing air circulation around the orchid also helps prevent this infection.
Fusarium Wilt
This disease can be distinguished from other orchid diseases by the wrinkled or shriveled appearance of the yellow leaves. Since it is typically caused by poor sanitation, prevention involves sterilizing cutting equipment before using it on the plant. A five-minute soak in solution containing 1 part household bleach and 3 parts of water and rinsing with clear water afterward should do the trick. Dip the tools and rinse them before each cut made to the orchid.
Southern Blight
If the lower part of the orchid's stems turn yellow as well as its leaves, suspect southern blight, a fungal infection. Treat southern blight with a systemic fungicide containing thiophanate methyl. Mix 1/2 teaspoon of the fungicide in 1 gallon of water and pour it over the soil. Reapply the fungicide in four weeks. Prevent southern blight on your orchids by providing increased air circulation and proper sanitation.
Too Much Light
Most of the more than 25,000 species of orchids grow in tropical forests, shaded by the canopy. Although some species thrive in bright sunlight, others will experience yellow foliage. This will eventually drop off the plant. To avoid the problem in the future, provide the orchid with indirect sunlight by setting it on the sill of an east-facing window or within two feet of a south-facing window. If you know that your particular orchid species requires medium sunlight, place it on the sill of a west-facing window or within one foot of a window that receives southern exposure.
Cold Temperatures
Orchids are hardy outdoors in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 2 through 11, depending on species. Outside of the tropics, most are grown indoors, however, where they do fine with typical indoor temperatures. Some orchids, such as phalaenopsis (Phalaenopsis spp.), hardy in USDA zones 10 through 12, are sensitive to temperatures below 60 degrees Fahrenheit, and leaves will turn yellow. Again, these leaves will naturally fall from the plant. Adjust the temperature until you find one that suits the orchid best, between 60 and 80 degrees during the daytime and 50 to 55 degrees at night.
Bacterial Rot
Bacterial soft and brown rot are orchid diseases that turn the orchid's leaves yellow before they darken to black. Treat the infection by removing affected parts of the plant with sterile tools and then spraying the orchid until it is wet with a broad-range virucide, bactericide and fungicide, such as Physan 20. Use 2 teaspoons in 1 gallon of water. Repeat the spray once a month to prevent further occurrences. Keeping the foliage dry and increasing air circulation around the orchid also helps prevent this infection.
Fusarium Wilt
This disease can be distinguished from other orchid diseases by the wrinkled or shriveled appearance of the yellow leaves. Since it is typically caused by poor sanitation, prevention involves sterilizing cutting equipment before using it on the plant. A five-minute soak in solution containing 1 part household bleach and 3 parts of water and rinsing with clear water afterward should do the trick. Dip the tools and rinse them before each cut made to the orchid.
Southern Blight
If the lower part of the orchid's stems turn yellow as well as its leaves, suspect southern blight, a fungal infection. Treat southern blight with a systemic fungicide containing thiophanate methyl. Mix 1/2 teaspoon of the fungicide in 1 gallon of water and pour it over the soil. Reapply the fungicide in four weeks. Prevent southern blight on your orchids by providing increased air circulation and proper sanitation.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Orchids are notoriously expensive and temperamental plants, and many orchid owners are intimidated at the prospect of reproducing their orchids. However, orchids are quite hardy and can be reproduced easily. Reproducing your orchid can benefit the overall health of the plant, encouraging new growth. With the right preparation, you can use the division method to reproduce your orchids yourself in an afternoon.
Division
Step 1
Reproduce your orchid during the early spring, just after new growth has become visible on the plant. This gives the divided plants ample time to recover from the stress of division.
Step 2
Remove the orchid from its pot, and examine the roots. The roots should cover the outside of the growing medium and should be white in color. If the roots are not white, you may be over watering your orchid.
Step 3
Grasp the base of the plant, where the plant meets the soil, and gently tug the plant apart into two equal halves. When the halves begin to separate, check the soil in each half for bulbs. To ensure flowering the following season, each half should contain at least three bulbs. Each half should also include some new growth.
Step 4
Pull the halves completely apart, and use a pair of sharp gardening shears or a sharp knife to cut any roots connecting the two halves. Remove the old soil from around the roots on each half.
Repotting
Step 5
Trim the roots to a length of 4 inches, and save the white root trimmings for use in repotting. Completely remove any brown or soggy roots, and discard. These roots may spread rot in the new plants.
Step 6
Place several pieces of bark or polystyrene in the bottom of each new pot to encourage drainage. Gently ease each divided plant into its new pot, positioning the plant so that the new growth is at the center of the pot. Pack the sides of the pot with the trimmed white roots, and fill around the roots with orchid compost. Press the compost into place so that the plant is secure in the pot.
Step 7
Soak the plants from above, and allow them to drain for two hours. Soak the plants once more, and do not water again for two weeks. Keep the plants in a shady area for the first two months after repotting.
Division
Step 1
Reproduce your orchid during the early spring, just after new growth has become visible on the plant. This gives the divided plants ample time to recover from the stress of division.
Step 2
Remove the orchid from its pot, and examine the roots. The roots should cover the outside of the growing medium and should be white in color. If the roots are not white, you may be over watering your orchid.
Step 3
Grasp the base of the plant, where the plant meets the soil, and gently tug the plant apart into two equal halves. When the halves begin to separate, check the soil in each half for bulbs. To ensure flowering the following season, each half should contain at least three bulbs. Each half should also include some new growth.
Step 4
Pull the halves completely apart, and use a pair of sharp gardening shears or a sharp knife to cut any roots connecting the two halves. Remove the old soil from around the roots on each half.
Repotting
Step 5
Trim the roots to a length of 4 inches, and save the white root trimmings for use in repotting. Completely remove any brown or soggy roots, and discard. These roots may spread rot in the new plants.
Step 6
Place several pieces of bark or polystyrene in the bottom of each new pot to encourage drainage. Gently ease each divided plant into its new pot, positioning the plant so that the new growth is at the center of the pot. Pack the sides of the pot with the trimmed white roots, and fill around the roots with orchid compost. Press the compost into place so that the plant is secure in the pot.
Step 7
Soak the plants from above, and allow them to drain for two hours. Soak the plants once more, and do not water again for two weeks. Keep the plants in a shady area for the first two months after repotting.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Growing orchids is much easier than most people believe. Orchids are perfectly happy to stay rootbound in the same pot for years. As long as you provide water, bright filtered light and the right temperature range, your orchid will bloom. After the orchid finishes blooming and the flower stem is completely dead, it should be carefully pruned back, encouraging the plant to produce new flowers.
Step 1
Determine the species of your orchid. While it is safe to prune most orchids, Dendrobiums rebloom from the leafless stems; do not remove a Dendrobium orchid's flower stalk. Dendrobiums are one of the most commonly sold orchids. With over 1,500 species and thousands of hybrids, any prolifically blooming but unknown variety of orchid with a long, arching stem should be considered a Dendrobium.
Step 2
Inspect your orchid. Look carefully at the spent flower stem. If it is brown and dried up, it is ready for pruning.
Step 3
Cut the stem with the hand pruner, leaving at least 1 inch of the stem extending above the base of the plant. If your orchid has nodules on the flower stem, cut the stem 1/4 inch above one of the leaf-like bumps.
Step 1
Determine the species of your orchid. While it is safe to prune most orchids, Dendrobiums rebloom from the leafless stems; do not remove a Dendrobium orchid's flower stalk. Dendrobiums are one of the most commonly sold orchids. With over 1,500 species and thousands of hybrids, any prolifically blooming but unknown variety of orchid with a long, arching stem should be considered a Dendrobium.
Step 2
Inspect your orchid. Look carefully at the spent flower stem. If it is brown and dried up, it is ready for pruning.
Step 3
Cut the stem with the hand pruner, leaving at least 1 inch of the stem extending above the base of the plant. If your orchid has nodules on the flower stem, cut the stem 1/4 inch above one of the leaf-like bumps.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Orchids have an undeserved reputation for being difficult to grow and easy to kill, which, unfortunately, causes many people to shy away from growing them in their homes. In reality, you can grow many popular orchid species, such as Cattleya, Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium, at home with simple, common-sense care. Overwatering is a common concern when growing orchids; the ice cube watering method is a simple trick that you can use to avoid over-irrigating your new houseplant.
Sunlight
Orchids require just the right amount of sunlight in order to grow successfully. If provided too little sunlight, the plant will fail to blossom; if provided too much sunlight, the blossoms will fade and the foliage will burn. The best way to expose your orchid to the sunlight it needs is to place it within 4 feet of a sunny south-facing window where it can receive filtered light for at least four hours each day.
Water
If it's your first time growing an orchid, knowing just how much water to give your new houseplant may seem a bit tricky. Fortunately, using the ice cube watering method takes all the guesswork out of irrigating your orchid. Simply arrange three standard-size ice cubes on the surface of the potting mix around the plant; avoid letting the ice touch the orchid directly. As the ice cubes melt, they will slowly and evenly moisten the potting mix. Water your orchid once a week using this method.
Fertilize
When grown in their native climates, orchids use their thick, fleshy roots to draw nutrients from the air around them. When you grow them indoors as houseplants, you must provide nutrients for your orchids by following a regular fertilization schedule. Feed the orchid with weekly applications of a specially formulated orchid fertilizer from early spring through summer. Cease fertilization during the fall and winter months; the plant is not actively growing and doesn't need the steady stream of supplemental nutrients.
Re-pot
Occasional re-potting is essential to maintaining the long-term health of your orchid. The University of Tennessee recommends re-potting indoor orchids every one to three years to replace the potting mix and to trim out any problematic roots. Gently remove the orchid from its planting container and rinse its roots under warm running water. Feel the roots with your fingertips; healthy roots will feel stiff and turgid. Use a sharpened and sterilized gardening knife to cut out any roots that are brown or mushy. Repot the orchid in a well-draining potting mix composed of equal parts peat moss, redwood bark, charcoal and volcanic rock.
Sunlight
Orchids require just the right amount of sunlight in order to grow successfully. If provided too little sunlight, the plant will fail to blossom; if provided too much sunlight, the blossoms will fade and the foliage will burn. The best way to expose your orchid to the sunlight it needs is to place it within 4 feet of a sunny south-facing window where it can receive filtered light for at least four hours each day.
Water
If it's your first time growing an orchid, knowing just how much water to give your new houseplant may seem a bit tricky. Fortunately, using the ice cube watering method takes all the guesswork out of irrigating your orchid. Simply arrange three standard-size ice cubes on the surface of the potting mix around the plant; avoid letting the ice touch the orchid directly. As the ice cubes melt, they will slowly and evenly moisten the potting mix. Water your orchid once a week using this method.
Fertilize
When grown in their native climates, orchids use their thick, fleshy roots to draw nutrients from the air around them. When you grow them indoors as houseplants, you must provide nutrients for your orchids by following a regular fertilization schedule. Feed the orchid with weekly applications of a specially formulated orchid fertilizer from early spring through summer. Cease fertilization during the fall and winter months; the plant is not actively growing and doesn't need the steady stream of supplemental nutrients.
Re-pot
Occasional re-potting is essential to maintaining the long-term health of your orchid. The University of Tennessee recommends re-potting indoor orchids every one to three years to replace the potting mix and to trim out any problematic roots. Gently remove the orchid from its planting container and rinse its roots under warm running water. Feel the roots with your fingertips; healthy roots will feel stiff and turgid. Use a sharpened and sterilized gardening knife to cut out any roots that are brown or mushy. Repot the orchid in a well-draining potting mix composed of equal parts peat moss, redwood bark, charcoal and volcanic rock.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
If your orchid loses all of its flowers, you should cut the flower stalk about an inch from the main stalk, water it and stick it in a window with indirect sunlight. Contrary to popular belief, orchid flowers do not last forever, but when properly cared for can last a month or more. Orchids are extremely hardy plants that can grow well and bloom with minimal care.
The Care of Orchids
Orchids are topical and subtropical plants that require moisture and indirect sunlight. Depending on the amount of sunlight, temperature and moisture in the air, orchids should be watered at least once a week. Watering can be a light misting to a thorough drenching of the growing medium. Orchid fertilizer should be used occasionally and in accordance with the product's directions. To ensure the roots do not rot, air movement, however slight, is critical. Pests like aphids, mites and scale should be treated with an organic material specific to the pest.
Orchid Growing Mediums
Orchids grow everywhere in the wild, so virtually any planting medium will work. With the right moisture conditions, orchids can grow without soil at all. Common household growing media includes bark pieces, sphagnum or peat moss or perlite. Whatever the medium, it should retain moisture for about a week to allow moisture to slowly evaporate. Never use soil or allow the roots to soak in a pool of water. Both soil and standing water will rot the roots and kill the plant.
New Growth
After the flowers have faded and died, orchids require a short dormant period to send out new roots and new flower stalks. New roots will usually appear in the area of the last flowering stalk. An orchid is healthy if you find new white or light green fleshy roots. After several weeks, new growth on the main plant above the roots will grow into a new stalk with flowers appearing before long.
Recommendations
With the explosion of orchids available in grocery stores, big box hardware stores and flower shops, there is a good chance perfectly healthy orchids can be found in the potted plant clearance section. Look for plants that have healthy green leaves or are not too wilted and show new root growth. Immediately repot and water them when you get home, and soon you will have a large, inexpensive orchid collection.
The Care of Orchids
Orchids are topical and subtropical plants that require moisture and indirect sunlight. Depending on the amount of sunlight, temperature and moisture in the air, orchids should be watered at least once a week. Watering can be a light misting to a thorough drenching of the growing medium. Orchid fertilizer should be used occasionally and in accordance with the product's directions. To ensure the roots do not rot, air movement, however slight, is critical. Pests like aphids, mites and scale should be treated with an organic material specific to the pest.
Orchid Growing Mediums
Orchids grow everywhere in the wild, so virtually any planting medium will work. With the right moisture conditions, orchids can grow without soil at all. Common household growing media includes bark pieces, sphagnum or peat moss or perlite. Whatever the medium, it should retain moisture for about a week to allow moisture to slowly evaporate. Never use soil or allow the roots to soak in a pool of water. Both soil and standing water will rot the roots and kill the plant.
New Growth
After the flowers have faded and died, orchids require a short dormant period to send out new roots and new flower stalks. New roots will usually appear in the area of the last flowering stalk. An orchid is healthy if you find new white or light green fleshy roots. After several weeks, new growth on the main plant above the roots will grow into a new stalk with flowers appearing before long.
Recommendations
With the explosion of orchids available in grocery stores, big box hardware stores and flower shops, there is a good chance perfectly healthy orchids can be found in the potted plant clearance section. Look for plants that have healthy green leaves or are not too wilted and show new root growth. Immediately repot and water them when you get home, and soon you will have a large, inexpensive orchid collection.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Orchids (Orchidaceae) first appeared on Earth about 100 million years ago and adapted over time to include both terrestrial types growing in soil and epiphytic types thriving on only air and water. Close to 25,000 naturally occurring orchid species exist on every continent, and all have their own distinctive characteristics or adaptations. Even though they have diversity among their species, orchids share common strategies that ensure their survival.
Flower Pollination
Orchids developed a variety of unusual flowers that attract the creatures that pollinate them. Some flowers resemble their pollinators, such as those of moth orchids (Phalaenopsis group), which are hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 10 through 12. The wide petals at the top of those flowers are reminiscent of moth wings. The flowers of Venus' slipper orchids (Paphiopedilum group) each has a pouch-shaped petal that directs bees and birds straight to the source of pollen. Venus' slipper orchids are perennial in USDA zones 9 through 12.
Fungal Relationship
The ghost orchid (Dendrophylax lindenii), an endangered species that is hardy in only southern Florida in USDA zone 10a, is a leafless orchid that relies on a symbiotic relationship with fungi to move nutrients throughout the plant. A specific fungus lives inside this orchid's roots and also protrudes outside the roots and gathers nutrients from soil.
Multipurpose Roots
Epiphytic orchids' roots have evolved to serve multiple functions. Such an orchid's roots work as roots normally do by transferring water and nutrients to the rest of the plant, but they also anchor the air plant to a tree and perform the photosynthesis that leaves normally do on other kinds of plants. An epiphytic orchid's roots also can store water in the same way as a succulent plant's stems, allowing the orchid to exist high in a tree top to get more sunlight than plants living below.
Stem Pseudobulbs
Because epiphytic orchids live above soil level, they developed bulblike structures that perform the same work of storing water and nutrients that underground bulbs perform for other types of plants. In an epiphytic orchid, one or more sections of a stem bulge outward and become darkened areas, which are the pseudobulbs. Orchids with pseudobulbs can thrive in regions that have dry months between times of seasonal rainfalls.
Flower Pollination
Orchids developed a variety of unusual flowers that attract the creatures that pollinate them. Some flowers resemble their pollinators, such as those of moth orchids (Phalaenopsis group), which are hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 10 through 12. The wide petals at the top of those flowers are reminiscent of moth wings. The flowers of Venus' slipper orchids (Paphiopedilum group) each has a pouch-shaped petal that directs bees and birds straight to the source of pollen. Venus' slipper orchids are perennial in USDA zones 9 through 12.
Fungal Relationship
The ghost orchid (Dendrophylax lindenii), an endangered species that is hardy in only southern Florida in USDA zone 10a, is a leafless orchid that relies on a symbiotic relationship with fungi to move nutrients throughout the plant. A specific fungus lives inside this orchid's roots and also protrudes outside the roots and gathers nutrients from soil.
Multipurpose Roots
Epiphytic orchids' roots have evolved to serve multiple functions. Such an orchid's roots work as roots normally do by transferring water and nutrients to the rest of the plant, but they also anchor the air plant to a tree and perform the photosynthesis that leaves normally do on other kinds of plants. An epiphytic orchid's roots also can store water in the same way as a succulent plant's stems, allowing the orchid to exist high in a tree top to get more sunlight than plants living below.
Stem Pseudobulbs
Because epiphytic orchids live above soil level, they developed bulblike structures that perform the same work of storing water and nutrients that underground bulbs perform for other types of plants. In an epiphytic orchid, one or more sections of a stem bulge outward and become darkened areas, which are the pseudobulbs. Orchids with pseudobulbs can thrive in regions that have dry months between times of seasonal rainfalls.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
With over 25,000 species of orchids, you're likely to find a type of orchid that fits your color and size preferences. Because there are so many types of orchids, including plants that bloom once a year and others that can bloom several times, it is difficult to determine exactly when orchids in general are "in season." Keep in mind that outdoor-planted orchid bloom times may vary slightly from norms, based on sunlight and your local temperature.
Facts
A winter walk through the nursery or home center might give you the impression that orchids are only in season at that time. However according to an article from Colorado State University, "with proper selection" you can have blooming orchids in your home yearlong. For example, phalaenopsis — sometimes called the moth orchid — tends to bloom only once a year, generally after two months of decreased temperatures and slightly decreased light. Extending the dormancy period of your orchid by reducing the water and light it receives may extend periods of blooming and let you stagger blooms throughout the year.
Length of Bloom
The length of bloom time for your orchid depends upon the type of orchid you have. For example, Phalaenopsis often lasts six to 12 weeks. Lady Slippers last about six weeks. Cattleya blooms often last just a few weeks. Often, the care you give the orchid and the conditions it is kept in determine how long the plant blooms.
Care
Keep your orchids blooming for as long as possible by using a blossom-booster fertilizer as soon as the flower spikes, continuing through the time that the last bud opens fully. Since orchids thrive in humid conditions, mist the stems and leaves daily or move the plant near other potted plants to give it more moisture. Position your orchid in a south-facing window where it receives adequate indirect light. Most orchids have medium green leaves when they receive proper light levels.
Considerations
When buying growing orchids at the home center or floral department, look for plants that are only partially blooming, suggests the Argus Orchids website. Partially blooming plants with about half their blooms open assure you longer-lasting bloom times in your home; heavy blooming plants are often on the downside of growth and blooming.
Facts
A winter walk through the nursery or home center might give you the impression that orchids are only in season at that time. However according to an article from Colorado State University, "with proper selection" you can have blooming orchids in your home yearlong. For example, phalaenopsis — sometimes called the moth orchid — tends to bloom only once a year, generally after two months of decreased temperatures and slightly decreased light. Extending the dormancy period of your orchid by reducing the water and light it receives may extend periods of blooming and let you stagger blooms throughout the year.
Length of Bloom
The length of bloom time for your orchid depends upon the type of orchid you have. For example, Phalaenopsis often lasts six to 12 weeks. Lady Slippers last about six weeks. Cattleya blooms often last just a few weeks. Often, the care you give the orchid and the conditions it is kept in determine how long the plant blooms.
Care
Keep your orchids blooming for as long as possible by using a blossom-booster fertilizer as soon as the flower spikes, continuing through the time that the last bud opens fully. Since orchids thrive in humid conditions, mist the stems and leaves daily or move the plant near other potted plants to give it more moisture. Position your orchid in a south-facing window where it receives adequate indirect light. Most orchids have medium green leaves when they receive proper light levels.
Considerations
When buying growing orchids at the home center or floral department, look for plants that are only partially blooming, suggests the Argus Orchids website. Partially blooming plants with about half their blooms open assure you longer-lasting bloom times in your home; heavy blooming plants are often on the downside of growth and blooming.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Orchids are a large family of beautiful, tropical flowers. They come in a tremendous range of colors, sizes and shapes. Some are fragrant, even smelling like chocolate or coconut. Orchid fanciers wax poetic over the delicate beauty of these unusual flowers, but they do have a reputation as difficult to grow. Orchids have specific needs for fertilizer. While it is easiest to buy orchid food at the nursery, it is satisfying and cost-effective to make your own.
Nutrients
In their native habitats, orchids get nutrients from the air, water and whatever is nearby. Grown at home, it is up to you to provide the necessary nutrients for healthy growth and optimal flowering. Orchids require a proper balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, along with trace elements. Nitrogen promotes healthy stems and foliage, phosphorus makes roots strong and potassium promotes healthy flowers. These three nutrients are macronutrients. Trace elements include iron, zinc, copper and boron.
Rice Water
A good source of vitamins such as niacin, thiamin, riboflavin and folic acid necessary for healthy orchid growth is water used for boiling rice. The Care for Your Orchids website recommends using brown rice rather than white. It's an easy fertilizer to make -- after cooking rice, let the leftover water cool, then water the orchid. Make the rice water a more balanced fertilizer by dissolving Epsom salt, which contains magnesium, or molasses, a good source of potassium, into the water before use.
Eggshells
Dried eggshells are good source of calcium and other nutrients. Crush eggshells, then boil them in a large pot of water. Once the water reaches the boiling point, turn off the heat and allow the eggshells to steep for up to eight hours. You can discard the shells, and pour the water into a spray bottle for easy use. Just spray onto the bark around the orchids. Alternatively, you can just grind up eggshells and sprinkle around the plant. This is not as effective a method, however.
Potatoes
Potatoes provide potassium and a small amount of phosphorus, both essential for healthy orchid growth and flowering. Dice the potatoes into very small chunks, leaving on the skin. For even more potassium, you can add small pieces of banana. Boil this mixture for several minutes, and allow it to reach room temperature before use. For better nutrient balance, add 1 tsp. of Epsom salt, which will add magnesium. Use this mixture to water your orchids as usual.
Nutrients
In their native habitats, orchids get nutrients from the air, water and whatever is nearby. Grown at home, it is up to you to provide the necessary nutrients for healthy growth and optimal flowering. Orchids require a proper balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, along with trace elements. Nitrogen promotes healthy stems and foliage, phosphorus makes roots strong and potassium promotes healthy flowers. These three nutrients are macronutrients. Trace elements include iron, zinc, copper and boron.
Rice Water
A good source of vitamins such as niacin, thiamin, riboflavin and folic acid necessary for healthy orchid growth is water used for boiling rice. The Care for Your Orchids website recommends using brown rice rather than white. It's an easy fertilizer to make -- after cooking rice, let the leftover water cool, then water the orchid. Make the rice water a more balanced fertilizer by dissolving Epsom salt, which contains magnesium, or molasses, a good source of potassium, into the water before use.
Eggshells
Dried eggshells are good source of calcium and other nutrients. Crush eggshells, then boil them in a large pot of water. Once the water reaches the boiling point, turn off the heat and allow the eggshells to steep for up to eight hours. You can discard the shells, and pour the water into a spray bottle for easy use. Just spray onto the bark around the orchids. Alternatively, you can just grind up eggshells and sprinkle around the plant. This is not as effective a method, however.
Potatoes
Potatoes provide potassium and a small amount of phosphorus, both essential for healthy orchid growth and flowering. Dice the potatoes into very small chunks, leaving on the skin. For even more potassium, you can add small pieces of banana. Boil this mixture for several minutes, and allow it to reach room temperature before use. For better nutrient balance, add 1 tsp. of Epsom salt, which will add magnesium. Use this mixture to water your orchids as usual.
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