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权问薇
2018年02月04日
权问薇
[图片]一．繁殖方式 1这种植物要如何繁殖呢，一般我们会采用扦插。也就是砍头就可以了，可以观察原生的植株，从比较健康的那一株下手，砍头是采用有生长的点的枝条，一般是有3到5厘米左右高就可以作为一段剪下来。 2种植之前要把已经剪下来的枝条稍微地给它晾一到两天。 [图片]3然后要准备适合它成长的土，泥土可以这样调配，取煤渣、泥炭、珍珠岩大概三者按照5:4:1的比例均匀地搅拌在一起，这样子调配的土无论是透气还是排水都是较好的，能够避免水分的堆积导致它根的腐烂。 4把枝条直接插入泥土中，刚开始这几天不用给它补给水分，几天之后可以少量地给水，非常好繁殖。 5插好后要恰当地补充光照，要有充足的光照，它才会长得比较低矮健壮，而且叶片和茎枝才会比较紧凑，叶子边缘的红褐色才会比较地明显，所以光照对于它的成长是必不可少的。 [图片]二．繁殖要求 1水分要恰当，如果水量太大而且堆积起来的话会导致根腐坏，要注意好排水，插后要注意不要让它接受雨琳，特别是夏天处于休眠期，最好是放置在屋子里繁殖。 2要注意温度，如果温度太高它会进入休眠期，想要繁殖最好是避开温度高的夏季，选择在有利于它成长的春天、秋天或者冬天，这样子新插下去的枝条才会拥有一个有利于它成长的环境。 3它的生长的速度快，也比较容易繁殖，新手们要成功地繁殖它也不需要紧张。
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2018年02月04日
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[图片]一．温度 这种植物喜欢在冷和凉的季节里面生长，特别是在秋天和冬天它的成长速度尤为迅速，例如说每年的九月一直到次年的六月份，如果是在夏天的话，由于夏天的温度过高，这种植物会进入休眠，直至到了秋天才会复苏。而且它能够抵抗零下2度的低温，不会受到伤害。所以其实这种植物自己会根据气温的高低调整自己的成长节点，一般养殖也不需要过多地担心气温的问题。 [图片]二．水分 这种植物喜欢比较干燥的环境，很怕有积水潮湿。所以在它的生长的时期只是需要维持泥土的湿润就好，尽量要避开积水，到了冬天，就可以断掉对于它的水分供给，如果温度太低，连5度都没有的话，就要开始断水了。到了夏天温度比较高的时候，它会生长地比较缓慢甚至是完全地停止，那么我们这个时候要做的就是节制地给它补充水分，而且要注意不能够让它长期的接受雨淋，否则它的植株就会有腐化烂掉的可能。 [图片]三．土壤 因为这种植物害怕积水，所以它的生长的泥土一定是要透气性良好的，疏水性也要好的，这样才能顺利地排水以免由于堆积而导致植株的腐坏。所以要如何调配土壤呢？可以准备一些煤渣、泥炭、珍珠岩、小石头，用煤渣来和泥炭、珍珠岩混合，最好的比例是5:4:1，种好后可以在花盆的表面铺一层小石头，既美观又透气。 [图片]四．光照 虽然这种植物喜欢光照比较可观的环境，但是因为夏天光照最强烈的时候，它是处于休眠的状态的，所以要适当地给它遮光，不能够让它在太阳底下受到曝晒，而且给它放置的环境还要通风性良好。 五．注意事项 1虽然它能够抗寒，但是它的抵抗零下2度的温度是指室内的温度，不是露天，如果温度再低下去的话就会令它受到冻伤，甚至是干枯然后死亡，所以如果冬天最好还是把它摆放在室内。 2泥土一定要透气。 3光照要遮阴。
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2018年02月04日
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[图片]一、播种时间 这种植物喜欢高温干燥的环境，所以一般选择在夏季这个光照充足的时间段种。 二、前期处理 1、将种子放在温水中浸泡七八个小时，让种子充分吸水，膨胀变大。即使是变大之后的颗粒还是很小的。 2、将准备好的培养基质进行杀菌，可以用高温杀菌。 [图片]三、播种方法 1、选择一个透气排水功能比较好的盆，将杀菌后的基质放进去。因为种子本来就很小，下种的时候可以用手指按压种子或者用镊夹起来一粒一粒地将种子放到培养基质上，如果用镊子的话注意力度，不要伤害种子。放上后在表面覆盖一层和播种基质一样的土，大约一公分厚度即可。 2、准备一个大盆，将花盆放在盆里，往大盆中注水，直到水的高度达到花盆的三分之二。静置几分钟，等到大盆种的水将花盆里的土都浸湿就可以拿出来了。3、注意：如果有比较大的种，直接放入土中，距离3厘米播下。播下后覆土，厚度控制在种子的两三倍。用花洒或者喷壶给水，避免种子被冲走。 4、注意观察土质的干湿情况，见干后就及时补水，保持湿润。 5、上面覆一层薄膜，保持水分和温度。 [图片]四、后期养护 1、种子长出小苗，就要及时把薄膜撤掉，避免温度过高烤伤。拆下薄膜后将花盆放到有阳光的地方，这一步最好在傍晚或者清晨，正午的阳光太强烈，怕小苗被灼伤。 2、种子出小苗了，就能看到他们的生长状况，间隔太密的要进行间苗，有病的和长得不好的可以剔除，为健康的幼苗留下空间。小苗长出三片叶子的时候就可以换盆移栽了。
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2018年02月04日
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给花喂点大蒜，驱虫杀菌不烂根！ 大蒜养花功效一：杀菌消毒防烂根 1、将大蒜剥开，再准备1个消过毒的剪刀。 [图片]2、家里的发财树或其他花，根系烂了的时候，直接用消毒后的剪掉，将腐烂的根系全都切掉，注意留下的根系上要保证一点腐烂的部分也没有才行。 3、大蒜具有很强的杀菌消毒作用，平常家里没有多菌灵或高锰酸钾的时候，就可以用大蒜来代替。将大蒜从中间切开，直接朝着根系上涂抹即可，保证大蒜粘液全沾到伤口上就行。 4、将涂抹了大蒜粘液的根系，放在阴凉通风处晾干，最后重新上盆即可。 [图片]大蒜养花功效二：防止病菌感染，治疗各种叶斑病、腐烂病 1、将剥开的大蒜捣碎成糊糊状，然后将大蒜、洗衣粉、清水按照1：1：2的比例混合成溶液，放在阴凉的地方24小时以上。 [图片]2、家里的花有时候会因为细菌或各种真菌感染，导致叶片出现各种斑点，此时将大蒜肥皂水装在喷壶里，直接朝着叶片上喷洒，对于那些细菌感染的叶斑病、叶腐病非常有效。 [图片]大蒜养花功效三：驱赶蚂蚁、蚯蚓、线虫等害虫 1、将大蒜捣碎成糊糊状，然后和清水按照1：20的比例混合均匀，然后盖上盖子，放置24小时以上。 [图片]2、找一块纱布，将大蒜沉淀下来的东西全都过滤出去，只留下清液，装在喷壶中朝着有虫子的叶片上喷洒，记得叶片正反面都要喷洒到，这样才能有效，对蚂蚁、蚯蚓和线虫有很好的治疗效果。 给花喂点葱叶，让花开得更鲜艳！ 葱叶养花功效一：补充微量元素，让花更鲜艳！ 1、平常家里剩下的葱叶收集起来，切碎后，放在温水中浸泡3天以上的时间，让大葱叶能够完全溶解即可。 2、浸泡了一晚的大葱叶，取上层清液，和清水按照1:20的比例搅拌均匀，直接给花灌根或喷洒都可以。因为葱叶中含有不少微量元素，给花用了后，可以让枝干能强壮，开花颜色更鲜艳！ [图片]葱叶养花功效二：刺激性味道，驱虫子效果棒！ 大葱有一股辛辣的味道，是虫子非常不喜欢的。所以浸泡好的葱叶水，还可以朝着叶片上有虫子的地方喷洒，强烈的刺激气味让虫子全跑光！ [图片]给花喂点醋，花大色艳不黄叶！ 醋养花功效一：改善土壤酸碱度，让花再也不黄叶！ 1、很多喜酸花卉，一旦长时间土壤偏碱，就会导致叶子不断发黄。这个时候我们可以加点食醋，不仅让土壤变成弱酸性，还能补充点磷、钾等微量元素，防止黄叶。 2、将食醋和清水按照1：500的比例混合稀释，然后直接朝着叶片上喷洒，或是将食醋和清水按照1：200的比例稀释后，直接灌根，大概1-2周使用1次即可。 3、食醋治疗黄叶病的花，主要有栀子、米兰、茉莉、杜鹃。茶花等。 [图片]醋养花功效二：促进生长，让花越开越多！ 1、对于那些喜酸性花卉来说，孕蕾前喷点食醋水，能够让花开得更多，颜色更鲜艳！ 2、将食醋和清水按照1：300的比例兑成溶液，在孕蕾前朝着植株喷洒，大概10-15天使用1次，能够促使冒出更多花苞，增加开花量，花瓣颜色也会越来越鲜艳！ [图片]醋养花功效三：消除异味，土壤杀菌消毒！ 1、平常家里沤制的肥料，给花用了后，盆土里经常会有点味道，此时我们可以在浇完肥料的土壤上，加点食醋水，不仅能有效减少臭味，还能对土壤杀菌消毒。 [图片]2、沤肥的时候，经常会觉得臭味很重，此时可以朝着沤肥的塑料桶里加点醋，不仅能加快发酵速度，还能减少沤肥的臭味。 [图片]给花喂点小苏打，杀菌消毒叶片亮！ 小苏打养花功效一：改善土壤酸碱度，让土壤偏碱！ 1、并不是所有的花都喜欢酸性，对于那些喜欢碱性的花，再浇点食醋就不行了，此时可以加点小苏打，让土壤偏碱即可。 2、将小苏打粉末，和清水按照1：1000的比例兑成溶液，对于仙人掌、仙人球等花卉来说，大概1个月使用1次小苏打水即可，能有效改善土壤碱性。 [图片]小苏打养花功效二：让叶片更油亮！ 1、如果觉得叶片灰扑扑的，可以将小苏打和清水按照1：500的比例兑成溶液，装在喷壶中朝着叶片上喷洒。 2、喷洒结束后，再用湿布将叶片擦拭一番，可以让叶片变得更绿更亮，也更加厚实了！ [图片]
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2018年02月04日
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[图片]一.何时修剪 修剪时，一定要注意大岩桐主茎上是否已经结出新芽，如果没有新芽，那么营养会一直供给给球根和球茎，会使球根和球茎粗大，但是可以保存它，等到气温合适后再继续种植。如果已经有新芽，只要温度合适，不久后就会生长开花，并且可以使株形更加完美，便于观赏的培养。 [图片]二.时间温度控制 如果已经进入冬季，温度较低甚至达到五摄氏度，则修剪后即使有新芽也不会萌发成新株，这时候应当将它保留，选取一段没有叶子的、长度适宜，约为3-4厘米的茎干用沙子储藏，等待后面再培养。沙藏时应注意保持温度，不低于无摄氏度最为适宜。 沙土要保持适当水分，太湿会导致腐烂，而太干则需要稍稍喷洒清水，防止茎块干瘪。 大岩桐块茎发芽后，此时就应该对芽进行修剪，便于植株更好的生长。 [图片]三.修剪的部位 在植株开花后，不少人可能会由着花径生长，但实际上，将花径修剪掉更合适，能够减少养分的浪费，为花的生长积蓄更多的力量。当侧芽在长大些，可以只保留主茎与侧芽，促使侧芽快速开花。砍头后生长的侧芽会更加强壮，而且整体形状也会更好。不仅花谢后需要修剪，日常情况下，如果花的叶片影响了花朵的生长，则需要对它再做一部分修剪。对于开花前的植株，还可以对顶端枝芽进行摘心，促使侧面生长。如果发现发黄、长斑的叶片，要及时辨别植株是否得病，并及时将出现问题的叶片修剪掉，防止破坏整个植株的健康。 修剪前，为了使观赏性更强，可以在花蕾时稍稍降低温度，延长开花，降低株体代谢。
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[图片]一.低温处理 冬季时，整体温度偏低，大岩桐这种植物就会停止生长，进而转入休眠。这时候，无论怎么养，它都不会进行生长，所以可以将大岩桐进行保存。首先将球根收集起来，放置在温度低、湿度小的地方，等待自然烘干，或者用吸水性较好的纸张，如报纸，包裹大岩桐的球根。冬季过去时，至少在春节正月十五之后，可以重新将球根种植，并按照正常养护的方法进行养护。 [图片]二.北方养护 如果是北方家庭，一到冬天便会有暖气，那么是可以继续种植的，并且会像平常季节时一样开花。大岩桐适合的温度是20度，如果家里的温度可以达到这个温度，便可以按照正常养护的方法养护。但是有些家里的暖气，或者较为温暖的南方，虽然不会低于五摄氏度，但是仍然不到二十摄氏度，这时候，就应该减少浇水的量和频率，防止根部烂掉。 [图片]三.休眠期怎么过 如果大岩桐进入休眠期，温度仍然需要保证在一定的温度，维持在十到十二度。如果不单独拿出保存，应该保证盆内干燥，防止在寒冷潮湿的环境下腐烂。休眠过程中，不适合在光照强烈的地方，应该适当对植物遮光，仅在日照不强烈的时候可以摆出。 [图片]四.回春后怎么发芽 回春后，至少在春节十五以后，温度保持在十五摄氏度到二十五摄氏度左右时，可以将大岩桐的球根移回土壤内并浇水。当温度达到二十度以上时，它会自然发芽。出芽后，如果已达到2~3年期，则可以选择分球，分球后应注意施加适量肥料，且注意不要弄脏叶片，防止叶片生斑腐烂。栽植三个月到四个月后就会开花，如果花谢后不留种，就剪去残花，让其继续开花或者培养球茎。
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2018年02月04日
权问薇
[图片]一、春季 春季时，气温开始逐渐回升，如果想要给植株换盆，这是一个好时机，可以找一个相对温暖的日子来进行。大叶莲花掌喜欢疏松排水良好的土质，因此在盆土的选择方面尽量向这方面靠拢。另外，春季浇水时还是需要注意要循序渐进，最好等盆土干透后再进行浇水，花肥的话，可在换盆时加入一些，生长期间，最好不另行施加。 [图片]二、夏季 炎夏温度较高，此时，对于这种大型肉肉的放置位置，最好进行调整，可将其放到东或北阳台方向。此时需注意水分的补给，还有肥料的使用，浇水时不要过多，造成积水将伤害植株。天气过热的时候也千万不要施肥，防止灼伤植物根系。待到起气温相对温爽后再进行营养补给就可以。 三、秋季 秋季气温逐渐转凉，此时，大叶莲花掌也应放到阳光相对充足的位置进行养护，并逐渐的减少浇水的水量，尽量保持土壤微干的状态。另外有放在室外露养的，在气温低于10摄氏度时，最好将植株搬进室内进行养护。 [图片]四、冬季 大叶莲花掌是一种不耐寒的植物，因此冬季时，最主要的就是控制养护温度，温度最好保持在8摄氏度以上。另外，冬天，植株的生理活动相对减少，此时，要牢记控浇水，相应的减少浇水的频次与水量。可放到光线较为充足的阳台养护。如果是在北方室内养护，室内温度在高于15摄氏度时，大叶莲花掌可以缓慢的生长，那么此时只要保证适当合理的浇水，确保光照充足，就可以很好的度过冬季啦。而南方地区，气温相对较低，植株很有可能在秋冬季节就开始休眠，此时应尽量少水肥的施加，甚至停止施加花肥。 [图片]
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Miss Chen
2018年02月03日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial wildflower is 1–2½' tall and unbranched. The erect central stem is pale green and terete; it is covered with short pubescence and scattered long hairs. The opposite leaves are up to 3¼" long and ¾" across; they are linear-lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, pale green, and entire (toothless) to slightly dentate along their margins (if teeth are present, they are small and widely spaced). Both the lower and upper surfaces of the leaves are short-pubescent. The central stem terminates in a panicle of flowers that is 4-10" long; this panicle is taller than it is wide. Individual flowers are about ¾" long, consisting of a white corolla, a short calyx with 5 teeth, 4 stamens, and a pistil with a single style. The corolla is tubular-trumpet shaped, becoming broader toward its upper and lower lips. The upper lip has 2 short rounded lobes, while the lower lip has 3 short rounded lobes. The lower lip projects outward to a greater extent than the upper lip. Panicle of Flowers Along the bottom of the corolla's interior, there are 3 faint purple veins and a pair of low ridges. Toward the throat of the corolla on the bottom, there is a narrow patch of yellow hairs. The exterior of the corolla is slightly pubescent. The calyx is light green and pubescent. The stalks of the inflorescence and pedicels of the flowers are also light green (sometimes with purplish tints) and pubescent. The blooming period occurs from mid-spring to early summer, lasting about 3 weeks for a colony of plants. There is no noticeable floral scent. Afterwards, the flowers are replaced by ovoid seed capsules about ¼" long or slightly longer. Each capsule contains numerous tiny seeds. Individual seeds are about 0.5 mm. in length or a little longer, triangular-ovoid and somewhat flattened in shape, and dark brown or black. Eventually, the capsules split in two to release their seeds; these seeds are small enough to be carried about by the wind. The root system consists of a crown with fibrous roots or a taproot. [图片]Cultivation: Full to partial sun and mesic to dry conditions are preferred. Different kinds of soil are tolerated, including those containing clay-loam, sand, or rocky material. Reduced soil fertility is beneficial, because this reduces competition from taller and more aggressive plants. Range & Habitat: The native Pale Penstemon is occasional throughout Illinois, except in east-central and some northern areas of the state, where it is uncommon or absent (see Distribution Map). Habitats include dry rocky woodlands, hill prairies, dry-mesic railroad prairies, sandstone and limestone glades, upland savannas, thinly wooded bluffs, rocky cliffs, and abandoned fields. Occasional wildfires are beneficial in maintaining populations of this species, particularly in wooded habitats. [图片]Faunal Associations: The flowers of Pale Penstemon are cross-pollinated primarily by long-tongued bees, including honeybees, bumblebees, little carpenter bees (Ceratina spp.), and mason bees (Hoplitis spp., Osmia spp.); see Crosswhite & Crosswhite (1966) and Clinebell & Bernhardt (1998). A mason bee, Osmia distincta, is an oligolege (specialist pollinator) of Penstemon spp. These insects obtain nectar and/or pollen from the flowers. Short-tongued Halictid bees also visit the flowers for pollen. Other insects feed destructively on the foliage, flowers, or fruits of Penstemon spp. These species include the caterpillars of such moths as the Chalcedony Midget (Elaphria chalcedonia), Saunder's Sallow Moth (Sympistis saundersiana), and a stem-gall forming Gracillariid moth (Caloptilia murtfeldtella); see Covell (1984/2005), Panzer et al. (2006), and the Microleps website (2010). A polyphagous aphid, Abstrusomyzus phloxae, sucks sap from these plants (Blackman & Eastop, 2013). Generally, most mammalian herbivores appear to avoid the consumption of the foliage of these plants. For example, Georgia (1913) has stated that the foliage of Foxglove Penstemon (Penstemon digitalis) is rejected by cattle because it is unwholesome and bitter-tasting. However, Lindroth & Batzli (1984) have found that the young shoots of this same plant are readily eaten by the Meadow Vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) in prairies. [图片]Photographic Location: A small meadow at Busey Woods in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: Pale Penstemon is a reasonably attractive wildflower that blooms a little earlier than other Penstemon spp. It can be distinguished from these other species by its evenly pubescent foliage and the following characteristics of its corolla: 1) the lower interior surface is distinctively ridged, rather than flat or concave, 2) the lower lip extends significantly beyond the upper lip, and 3) the exterior is white, rather than pale rose-purple. Overall, Pale Penstemon is more dainty in appearance than its taller and more aggressive cousin, Foxglove Penstemon (Penstemon digitalis). Another common name of Penstemon pallidus is Pale Beardtongue (or Beardstongue), which refers to the yellow hairs that line the throat of the corolla.
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Miss Chen
2018年02月03日
Miss Chen
Description: This is a short-lived perennial plant that forms a basal rosette during its first year, after which it produces one or more flowering stalks about 1-3½' tall from a thick rootstock. The basal leaves (2-5" long and 1-3" across) are pale grayish green or bluish green, ovate to obovate in shape, smooth along their margins, and glabrous, tapering either gradually or abruptly into petioles. They have a rather succulent texture. The stems of flowering plants are whitish green to pale red, terete (circular in cross-section), glabrous, and somewhat glaucous. The leaves along these stems are arranged oppositely; they are 2-4" in length and 1-2½" across. These latter leaves are pale grayish green to bluish green, ovate to ovate-cordate in shape, smooth along their margins, and glabrous; their tips are blunt. The leaves of each lower stem are sessile, while the smaller upper leaves often clasp the stem. Like the basal leaves, the opposite leaves have a rather succulent texture. From the axils of opposite leafy bracts (up to 1¼" long and ¾" across), there develops pairs of 1-3 flowers on short slender pedicels, forming a narrow raceme about ½-1½' long. Each flower has a pinkish lavender corolla up to 2" long, a pale grayish green or bluish green calyx with 5 teeth, a pistil with a single white style, and 5 stamens. The corolla is tubular-trumpet shaped and slightly flattened; it has an upper lip with two rounded lobes and a lower lip with 3 rounded lobes. Within the throat of the corolla, there are fine purple veins that function as nectar guides. Along the upper outer surface of the corolla, there is a slender longitudinal ridge. The glabrous calyx is less than ½" in length; its teeth are lanceolate. The tip of the white style, where the stigma occurs, is slightly swollen. The leafy bracts of the flowers are similar in appearance to the opposite leaves, except they are smaller in size. Similar to the upper leaves, their bases clasp the stem. The blooming period occurs from late spring to early summer, lasting about 3 weeks. Each flower remains in bloom for only a short time. There is no floral scent. The flowers are replaced by ovoid seed capsules that are a little longer than the toothed calyx. Each capsule contains numerous small seeds. The seeds are distributed to a limited extent by the wind when the stems of flowering plants sway back and forth. The root system consists of a stout taproot with coarse secondary roots. This taproot extends deep into the soil. [图片]Cultivation: The preference is full sun, dry conditions, and poor soil containing rocky material or sand. This plant is easy to grow in locations that are sunny and well-drained, but it is rather short-lived. However, its seeds are fairly easy to germinate. Foliar disease is rarely troublesome; the biggest threat is root rot from poorly drained soil. Sometimes spider mites can be found on the foliage, but they appear to cause little damage. This plant has excellent drought resistance. Range & Habitat: The native Large-Flowered Penstemon occurs in only a few northern or NW counties in Illinois (see Distribution Map), where it is rare and state-listed as 'endangered.' This plant is more common in states that are located to the west of the Mississippi River. Habitats include dry sand prairies, dolomite prairies, and gravelly hill prairies. Because of the showy flowers, Large-Flowered Penstemon is more often found in flower gardens, from where it rarely escapes. Fire is supposed to be harmful to the ecological success of this plant because its growing buds remain above ground. In its natural habitat, significant wildfires rarely occur because of the sparse vegetative cover. [图片]Faunal Associations: The flowers are cross-pollinated by bumblebees and other long-tongued bees, including Osmia distincta and Synhalonia dubitata. These latter two bees appear to prefer the flowers of Penstemon spp. over other species. One long-tongued bee, Xylocopa virginica (Large Carpenter Bee), perforates the base of the corolla from the outside to rob nectar from Large-Flowered Penstemon. An unusual wasp, Pseudomaris occidentalis, is a specialist pollinator (oligolege) of Penstemon spp. Like many bees, this wasp uses nectar and pollen to feed its larvae. While the more western range of this wasp overlaps with the range of Large-Flowered Penstemon, it has not been observed in Illinois. Other floral visitors include pollen-seeking Halictid bees, masked bees (Hylaeus spp.), and Syrphid flies. Insects that feed destructively on the foliage and other parts of Penstemon spp. are uncommon, but they include the caterpillars of a moth, Elaphria chalcedonia (Chalcedony Midget), and Spharagemon collare (Mottled Sand Grasshopper). At the present time, information about the relationships between Large-Flowered Penstemon and vertebrate animals is unavailable. [图片]Photographic Location: The photographs were taken at the webmaster's wildflower garden in Urbana, Illinois. The plants are an Illinois ecotype of this species from nursery-grown material. Comments: Both the foliage and flowers of Large-Flowered Penstemon are beautiful and distinctive. Unfortunately, the blooming period of the flowers is rather short, but you can't have everything. Because of its distinctive bluish foliage and large flowers (up to 2" in length), this species is easy to distinguish from other Penstemon spp. that are native to Illinois. However, a non-native species from the west, Penstemon cobaea (Showy Penstemon), is somewhat similar in appearance and its flowers are equally large in size. Unlike Large-Flowered Penstemon, this latter species has pubescent stems, while its upper leaves and bracts have bases that are sessile, rather than clasping. Showy Penstemon has naturalized in Kane County, Illinois.
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Miss Chen
2018年02月03日
Miss Chen
Description: Prior to developing an inflorescence, this perennial plant consists of one or more rosettes of basal leaves that are clustered together. They are medium green, sometimes with reddish tints. They are variable in shape, but tend to be ovate, obovate, or broadly lanceolate, and are up to 6" long and 2½" wide. Their margins are usually smooth. One or more flowering stalks emerge from the clustered rosettes during the spring, which are about 3' tall. They are hairless and light green, while the opposite leaves on these stalks are more lanceolate in shape than the basal leaves. Their edges often have tiny teeth, and the leaf surface is often shiny. The white flowers occur in a panicle at the top of each flowering stem, and bloom during late spring or early summer for about a month. They are tubular in shape and about 1" long, with the corolla divided into a lower lip with 3 lobes and and an upper lip with 2 lobes. Somtimes there are fine lines of violet within the corolla, which function as nectar guides to visiting insects. There is no floral scent. The entire plant is hairless, except on the outer surface of the flowers. The flowering stalk eventually turns dark brown, developing numerous oval seed capsules, each containing numerous seeds. These seeds are gray, finely pitted, and irregularly angled. This inflorescence eventually falls over are the seeds have formed, helping to distribute them, but the basal leaves remain. The small seeds can also be carried aloft by the wind for short distances. The root system has short rhizomes, which often produce new plantlets around the base. Cultivation: The preference is full or partial sun, average levels of moisture, and loamy soil. This plant matures quickly during the spring, and the flowering stalks often ascend above neighboring plants. It adapts well to cultivation, is not bothered by disease, and is easy to grow. Under severe drought conditions, however, the leaves may turn yellow and the plant will wilt. [图片]Range & Habitat: The native Foxglove Penstemon occurs occasionally, except in some counties of central and NW Illinois, where it is uncommon or absent (see Distribution Map). However, in other areas, it may be locally common. Habitats include mesic black soil prairies, openings in upland and floodplain forests, woodland borders, thickets, savannas, acid gravel seeps, pastures, and abandoned fields. Faunal Associations: The tubular flowers of this plant attract long-tongued bees, including honeybees, bumblebees, Anthophorine bees, Miner bees, Mason bees, and large Leaf-Cutting bees. To a lesser extent, Halictid bees, butterflies, Sphinx moths, and hummingbirds may visit the flowers, but they are not effective pollinators. The caterpillars of the moth Elaphria chalcedonia (Chalcedony Midget) feed on the foliage of this and other beardtongues. There have been reports that the caterpillars of the butterfly Euphydryes phaeton (Baltimore) feed on the foliage of various beardtongues, but this does not appear to be the case in Illinois. The seeds are not often eaten by birds, nor is the foliage an attractive source of food to mammalian herbivores, although they may browse on it when little else is available. [图片]Photographic Location: The photographs were taken at the webmaster's wildflower garden in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: This is probably the easiest Penstemon sp. to grow in areas that lie east of the Mississippi river. The flowers are quite showy, and the plant is large enough to compete against many kinds of weeds. Another desirable feature is that the blooming period is rather long for an early season plant. Foxglove Penstemon can be distinguished from other members of the genus by the absence of hairs on the leaves and stems, a corolla that is primarily white on the outer surface (but sometimes with violet tints), the presence of tiny white hairs on the anthers (resembling small combs), and an absence of ridges on the lower inner surface of the corolla. The small hairs on the anthers can lodge against the hairs of a visiting bee, causing the stamens to bend downward to deposit pollen on the back of the insect, if it is sufficiently large in size.
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