文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Ranunculaceae
Stems - To +1m tall, erect to somewhat reclining with age, glabrous to puberulent or glandular(especially above), herbaceous, branching above, from taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below to sessile above, with 3-5 deeply divided lobes, typically pubescent. Ultimate divisions linear to linear-oblong, entire (ciliate-margined), to 2.5mm broad. Petioles to 9cm below.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal racemes to +10cm in flower. Each flower subtended by a pubescent linear bract to 9mm long. Pedicels to 7mm long, thick, expanded at apex, with pair of subopposite linear bracts to 3mm long, dense puberulent.
Flowers - Sepals deep blue-purple,(sometimes whitish to pinkish or mottled in cultivation), the most showy portion of the flower, spurred. Spur to -2cm long, dense pubescent. Petals 4, united, covering other floral organs(stamens and carpel), spurred. Stamens many, included. Filaments white, sparse pubescent, 5-6mm long, expanded at base. Anthers yellow, 1.1mm long. Ovary dense pubescent, 3-4mm long, conic.
Fruit - A follicle to 2cm long, one per flower, variously pubescent. (All other native members of the genus have 3 follicles per flower).
Flowering - July - August.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This is an occasional garden annual which is probably not much escaped in the state. The flowers come in a variety of other colors, some of which are shown below:
Stems - To +1m tall, erect to somewhat reclining with age, glabrous to puberulent or glandular(especially above), herbaceous, branching above, from taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below to sessile above, with 3-5 deeply divided lobes, typically pubescent. Ultimate divisions linear to linear-oblong, entire (ciliate-margined), to 2.5mm broad. Petioles to 9cm below.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal racemes to +10cm in flower. Each flower subtended by a pubescent linear bract to 9mm long. Pedicels to 7mm long, thick, expanded at apex, with pair of subopposite linear bracts to 3mm long, dense puberulent.
Flowers - Sepals deep blue-purple,(sometimes whitish to pinkish or mottled in cultivation), the most showy portion of the flower, spurred. Spur to -2cm long, dense pubescent. Petals 4, united, covering other floral organs(stamens and carpel), spurred. Stamens many, included. Filaments white, sparse pubescent, 5-6mm long, expanded at base. Anthers yellow, 1.1mm long. Ovary dense pubescent, 3-4mm long, conic.
Fruit - A follicle to 2cm long, one per flower, variously pubescent. (All other native members of the genus have 3 follicles per flower).
Flowering - July - August.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This is an occasional garden annual which is probably not much escaped in the state. The flowers come in a variety of other colors, some of which are shown below:
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Family - Verbenaceae
Stems - Prostrate to decumbent, hirsute, herbaceous, multiple from base, to 50cm long, +/-20cm tall, 4-angled, branching.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, typically 3-lobed, hirsute, to +6cm long, +4cm broad. Petioles winged, short. Lobes typically of 2 lateral and one larger terminal, often divided again, serrate-dentate.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate spikes to 15cm long (tall), elongating in fruit. Flowers subtended by lance-oblong bracts. Bracts to +/-2cm long, 4mm broad, hirsute. Axis (stem) hirsute.
Flowers - Corolla blue-purple, 5-lobed, salverform, zygomorphic, to 7mm long, 3mm broad at apex, sparse pubescent externally, pubescent internally. Lobes obtuse at apex. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate near base of corolla tube, included. Filaments short. Anthers yellow, .2mm long. Style short. Ovary of 2 carpels, 4-lobed. Calyx hirsute, 5-lobed. Tube to 3.5mm long. Lobes linear. Nutlets 4, surrounded by persistent calyx.
Flowering - April - October.
Habitat - Disturbed sites, waste ground, pastures, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Fortunately, not much close dissection is needed to properly identify this species. The flower parts are very small but the plant can be easily identified by looking at the hirsute stems, flower spikes, and leaves, as well as the tiny flowers. This is somewhat of a pioneering species that is out-competed by larger plants.
This species hybridizes with others of the genus and the resulting offspring have a tendency to morphologically resemble the other parent plants more so than V. bracteata.
Stems - Prostrate to decumbent, hirsute, herbaceous, multiple from base, to 50cm long, +/-20cm tall, 4-angled, branching.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, typically 3-lobed, hirsute, to +6cm long, +4cm broad. Petioles winged, short. Lobes typically of 2 lateral and one larger terminal, often divided again, serrate-dentate.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate spikes to 15cm long (tall), elongating in fruit. Flowers subtended by lance-oblong bracts. Bracts to +/-2cm long, 4mm broad, hirsute. Axis (stem) hirsute.
Flowers - Corolla blue-purple, 5-lobed, salverform, zygomorphic, to 7mm long, 3mm broad at apex, sparse pubescent externally, pubescent internally. Lobes obtuse at apex. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate near base of corolla tube, included. Filaments short. Anthers yellow, .2mm long. Style short. Ovary of 2 carpels, 4-lobed. Calyx hirsute, 5-lobed. Tube to 3.5mm long. Lobes linear. Nutlets 4, surrounded by persistent calyx.
Flowering - April - October.
Habitat - Disturbed sites, waste ground, pastures, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Fortunately, not much close dissection is needed to properly identify this species. The flower parts are very small but the plant can be easily identified by looking at the hirsute stems, flower spikes, and leaves, as well as the tiny flowers. This is somewhat of a pioneering species that is out-competed by larger plants.
This species hybridizes with others of the genus and the resulting offspring have a tendency to morphologically resemble the other parent plants more so than V. bracteata.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Family - Lamiaceae
Stems - To 50cm tall, herbaceous, erect, from a taproot, single from the base, branching above middle, pubescent with retrorse viscid hairs.
Leaves - Opposite, descussate, entire, narrowly ovate to elliptic, 3-nerved, to +2.5cm long, +1cm broad, pubescent to (less commonly) glabrous, sessile or very short-petiolate, cuneate at the base, acute at the apex.
Inflorescence - One or two pedunculate flowers in leaf axils. Peduncles short, 2-4mm long.
Flowers - Corolla purple, to 5mm long, tubular, bilabiate. Upper lobes 4, spreading, shorter than corolla tube. Lower lobe slightly longer than upper lobes. Stamens 4, exserted beyond the corolla. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary 4-parted. Calyx with a pair of stipule-like bracts at base. Calyx lobes acute to attenuate, one nerved, 4mm long, entire, pubescent, viscid.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Along streams on gravel bars, glades, rocky banks, outcroppings.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is common along the many streams and creeks of the state. It is easy to identify because of its three-nerved leaves and small purple flowers.
Another variety, variety linearis Fassett., has linear leaves. This latter variety is not found in Missouri.
A synonym is Trichostema brachiatum L.
Stems - To 50cm tall, herbaceous, erect, from a taproot, single from the base, branching above middle, pubescent with retrorse viscid hairs.
Leaves - Opposite, descussate, entire, narrowly ovate to elliptic, 3-nerved, to +2.5cm long, +1cm broad, pubescent to (less commonly) glabrous, sessile or very short-petiolate, cuneate at the base, acute at the apex.
Inflorescence - One or two pedunculate flowers in leaf axils. Peduncles short, 2-4mm long.
Flowers - Corolla purple, to 5mm long, tubular, bilabiate. Upper lobes 4, spreading, shorter than corolla tube. Lower lobe slightly longer than upper lobes. Stamens 4, exserted beyond the corolla. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary 4-parted. Calyx with a pair of stipule-like bracts at base. Calyx lobes acute to attenuate, one nerved, 4mm long, entire, pubescent, viscid.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Along streams on gravel bars, glades, rocky banks, outcroppings.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is common along the many streams and creeks of the state. It is easy to identify because of its three-nerved leaves and small purple flowers.
Another variety, variety linearis Fassett., has linear leaves. This latter variety is not found in Missouri.
A synonym is Trichostema brachiatum L.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Ranunculaceae
Stems - Sprawling to climbing, herbaceous, glabrous or with a few hairs at nodes, terete ar with rounded angles, reddish-brown, branching.
Leaves - Opposite. odd-pinnately compound with 3-7 leaflets. Petiolules of lateral leaflets to 2cm long. Petiolule of terminal leaflet longer. Leaflets entire, ovate to rotund, blunt at apex, mucronate, glabrous above, glabrous or with a few sparse hairs below, glaucous below, to +6cm long, +4.5cm broad. Terminal leaflet twining.
Inflorescence - Single pedunculate flowers from leaf axils. Peduncles subtended by a pair of foliaceous bracts. Peduncles to 10cm long, purple, glabrous, bent at apex.
Flowers - Apetalous, urcreolate. Sepals 4, thick, spongy, purple at base fading to greenish-white at apex externally, white internally, joined near base, recurving at apices, acute, to +2cm long, 1cm broad at base. Stamens many (+50), included. Filaments to 1.2cm long, pubescent, creamy white. Anthers pale yellow, .7mm long. Pistils dense villous for entire length, 1.6cm long.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, bluff ledges, rocky ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - In Missouri, there are a few species of these purple flowered Clematis that look alike. When I get them all posted you can see the differences for yourself.
C. versicolor is a striking plant and is being used in cultivation. It is found in south-central Missouri in the Ozarks. It seems to prefer locations with a shady northern or eastern exposure.
Stems - Sprawling to climbing, herbaceous, glabrous or with a few hairs at nodes, terete ar with rounded angles, reddish-brown, branching.
Leaves - Opposite. odd-pinnately compound with 3-7 leaflets. Petiolules of lateral leaflets to 2cm long. Petiolule of terminal leaflet longer. Leaflets entire, ovate to rotund, blunt at apex, mucronate, glabrous above, glabrous or with a few sparse hairs below, glaucous below, to +6cm long, +4.5cm broad. Terminal leaflet twining.
Inflorescence - Single pedunculate flowers from leaf axils. Peduncles subtended by a pair of foliaceous bracts. Peduncles to 10cm long, purple, glabrous, bent at apex.
Flowers - Apetalous, urcreolate. Sepals 4, thick, spongy, purple at base fading to greenish-white at apex externally, white internally, joined near base, recurving at apices, acute, to +2cm long, 1cm broad at base. Stamens many (+50), included. Filaments to 1.2cm long, pubescent, creamy white. Anthers pale yellow, .7mm long. Pistils dense villous for entire length, 1.6cm long.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, bluff ledges, rocky ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - In Missouri, there are a few species of these purple flowered Clematis that look alike. When I get them all posted you can see the differences for yourself.
C. versicolor is a striking plant and is being used in cultivation. It is found in south-central Missouri in the Ozarks. It seems to prefer locations with a shady northern or eastern exposure.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - Twining, thin, herbaceous, glabrous to appressed pubescent, terete, from rhizomes. Rhizomes often thickened into large tubers to +/-5cm in diameter.
Leaves - Alternate, odd pinnate with 3-7 leaflets, stipulate. Stipules linear, 5-6mm long, pubescent. Petiole thickened at base for 6-7mm, glabrous to sparse appressed pubescent, to +/-6cm long, with adaxial groove. Leaflets on short petiolules to 4mm long. Lateral leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, entire, with some cilia on margins, glabrous above, glabrous to sparse pubescent below, acute to acuminate, to +6cm long, +2.5cm broad. Terminal leaflet more broad than lateral leaflets, on petiolule to 1.5cm long.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate racemes to +/-8cm long. Peduncles typically glabrous, to 5cm long. Pedicels to 4mm in flower, subtended by small pubescent bract, with prominent gland in axil with stem.
Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous. Standard reflexed, deep purplish-maroon internally, lighter externally, whitish at base, 1cm long, 1.1cm broad. Wings deep brownish-purple. Keel lighter than other petals, greatly incurved, apex of keel tucked against the standard. Stamens 10, diadelphous. Stamen tube(connected filaments) white, glabrous. Anthers yellowish, .2mm long. Ovary pale green, 5-6mm long, pubescent. Style coiled as keel petals, white with green at apex, pubescent. Calyx glabrous, tubular, bilabiate. Upper lip with 3 lobes. Central lobe acute, 1.8mm long, with sparse pubescence externally. Lateral two lobes smaller, .6mm long. Lower lip with two shallow lobes. All lobes with minutely lacerate margins. Calyx tube 3mm long, green with some reddish tinge, glabrous internally. Fruit to +/-6cm long, -1cm broad.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Wet meadows, streambanks, pond margins, moist woodlands.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The plants thickened rhizome portions were a big hit amongst the Indians and used by settlers in this area. The rhizomes contain up to 3 times the protein of potatoes and can be boiled, fried, or roasted. The seeds are edible also. The plant is a fast growing perennial and, as stated above, prefers moist areas. I ate some of the rhizomes from this very plant while camping. I must admit, they could have used a little salt.
Stems - Twining, thin, herbaceous, glabrous to appressed pubescent, terete, from rhizomes. Rhizomes often thickened into large tubers to +/-5cm in diameter.
Leaves - Alternate, odd pinnate with 3-7 leaflets, stipulate. Stipules linear, 5-6mm long, pubescent. Petiole thickened at base for 6-7mm, glabrous to sparse appressed pubescent, to +/-6cm long, with adaxial groove. Leaflets on short petiolules to 4mm long. Lateral leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, entire, with some cilia on margins, glabrous above, glabrous to sparse pubescent below, acute to acuminate, to +6cm long, +2.5cm broad. Terminal leaflet more broad than lateral leaflets, on petiolule to 1.5cm long.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate racemes to +/-8cm long. Peduncles typically glabrous, to 5cm long. Pedicels to 4mm in flower, subtended by small pubescent bract, with prominent gland in axil with stem.
Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous. Standard reflexed, deep purplish-maroon internally, lighter externally, whitish at base, 1cm long, 1.1cm broad. Wings deep brownish-purple. Keel lighter than other petals, greatly incurved, apex of keel tucked against the standard. Stamens 10, diadelphous. Stamen tube(connected filaments) white, glabrous. Anthers yellowish, .2mm long. Ovary pale green, 5-6mm long, pubescent. Style coiled as keel petals, white with green at apex, pubescent. Calyx glabrous, tubular, bilabiate. Upper lip with 3 lobes. Central lobe acute, 1.8mm long, with sparse pubescence externally. Lateral two lobes smaller, .6mm long. Lower lip with two shallow lobes. All lobes with minutely lacerate margins. Calyx tube 3mm long, green with some reddish tinge, glabrous internally. Fruit to +/-6cm long, -1cm broad.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Wet meadows, streambanks, pond margins, moist woodlands.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The plants thickened rhizome portions were a big hit amongst the Indians and used by settlers in this area. The rhizomes contain up to 3 times the protein of potatoes and can be boiled, fried, or roasted. The seeds are edible also. The plant is a fast growing perennial and, as stated above, prefers moist areas. I ate some of the rhizomes from this very plant while camping. I must admit, they could have used a little salt.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - Aerial stems to +20cm tall, from short rhizomes, herbaceous, erect, purplish (at least at base), glabrous.
Leaves - Whorled, 3 per plant, sessile, ovate to elliptic, acute to acuminate, glabrous, mottled with silver-green above, to +7cm long, 3.5cm broad, entire.
Inflorescence - Single sessile flower terminating the aerial stem.
Flowers - Petals 3, reddish-maroon (rarely green), lanceolate, attenuate, to +2.5cm long, 8mm broad, glabrous, erect. Stamens 6, +/-1.5cm long. Filaments purple, 2-3mm long. Anthers long, yellow-brown. Styles 3, purple. Ovary superior, 3-6-angled, 3-locular. Placentation axile. Sepals 3, green with reddish margins, lanceolate, to +2.2cm long, glabrous, spreading to erect.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Bottoms, moist slopes, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This fine species can be found mainly in the lower 2/3 of Missouri. The plant is fairly common in the habitats mentioned above.
The plants with green flowers are known as form viridiflorum Beyer and are more rare than the red-flowered form.
The flowers of this species have the slight aroma of dead animal tissue as to attract flies and beetles as pollinators. The plant is edible but should not be picked as most plants in this genus are having a tough time competing with man for living space.
Stems - Aerial stems to +20cm tall, from short rhizomes, herbaceous, erect, purplish (at least at base), glabrous.
Leaves - Whorled, 3 per plant, sessile, ovate to elliptic, acute to acuminate, glabrous, mottled with silver-green above, to +7cm long, 3.5cm broad, entire.
Inflorescence - Single sessile flower terminating the aerial stem.
Flowers - Petals 3, reddish-maroon (rarely green), lanceolate, attenuate, to +2.5cm long, 8mm broad, glabrous, erect. Stamens 6, +/-1.5cm long. Filaments purple, 2-3mm long. Anthers long, yellow-brown. Styles 3, purple. Ovary superior, 3-6-angled, 3-locular. Placentation axile. Sepals 3, green with reddish margins, lanceolate, to +2.2cm long, glabrous, spreading to erect.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Bottoms, moist slopes, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This fine species can be found mainly in the lower 2/3 of Missouri. The plant is fairly common in the habitats mentioned above.
The plants with green flowers are known as form viridiflorum Beyer and are more rare than the red-flowered form.
The flowers of this species have the slight aroma of dead animal tissue as to attract flies and beetles as pollinators. The plant is edible but should not be picked as most plants in this genus are having a tough time competing with man for living space.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - To +30cm tall, erect, glabrous, herbaceous, greenish above, purplish near base, simple, from short rhizomes.
Leaves - In a single whorl of 3(rarely 4) at the apex of the stem, with a short but distinct petiole. Petiole to 1cm long, glabrous. Blade elliptic-ovate, glabrous, entire, acute, mottled above, light green below, to +12cm long.
Inflorescence - Single terminal sessile flower.
Flowers - Petals 3, erect and converging over the stamens, maroon (rarely yellowish), glabrous, tapering to a claw at base, acute, 2.7-3cm long, 9-10mm broad. Stamens 6, adnate at base of petals and sepals, erect, converging over the pistil. Filaments maroon, 3mm long, glabrous. Anthers dark purple, 7-8mm long, falcate. Ovary superior, 3-sided but each side parted so appearing 6-angled, 4mm long(tall), glabrous, green, 3-locular. Styles 3, purple, slightly spreading, 3.5mm long. Placentation axile. Seeds (ovules) many. Sepals 3, recurved, lanceolate, glabrous, entire, 2-3cm long, 7-10mm broad, green.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Mesic bottoms, slopes, ravines, mesic forests.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - T. recurvatum is common in the most southern and eastern counties of Missouri but is infrequent elsewhere in the state. The plants prefer shaded areas and moist soils. A similar species, T. sessile L. has leaves which are sessile and sepals which are spreading to erect at anthesis.
T. sessile is much more common in Missouri.
Stems - To +30cm tall, erect, glabrous, herbaceous, greenish above, purplish near base, simple, from short rhizomes.
Leaves - In a single whorl of 3(rarely 4) at the apex of the stem, with a short but distinct petiole. Petiole to 1cm long, glabrous. Blade elliptic-ovate, glabrous, entire, acute, mottled above, light green below, to +12cm long.
Inflorescence - Single terminal sessile flower.
Flowers - Petals 3, erect and converging over the stamens, maroon (rarely yellowish), glabrous, tapering to a claw at base, acute, 2.7-3cm long, 9-10mm broad. Stamens 6, adnate at base of petals and sepals, erect, converging over the pistil. Filaments maroon, 3mm long, glabrous. Anthers dark purple, 7-8mm long, falcate. Ovary superior, 3-sided but each side parted so appearing 6-angled, 4mm long(tall), glabrous, green, 3-locular. Styles 3, purple, slightly spreading, 3.5mm long. Placentation axile. Seeds (ovules) many. Sepals 3, recurved, lanceolate, glabrous, entire, 2-3cm long, 7-10mm broad, green.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Mesic bottoms, slopes, ravines, mesic forests.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - T. recurvatum is common in the most southern and eastern counties of Missouri but is infrequent elsewhere in the state. The plants prefer shaded areas and moist soils. A similar species, T. sessile L. has leaves which are sessile and sepals which are spreading to erect at anthesis.
T. sessile is much more common in Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Caryophyllaceae
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, herbaceous but stout, single or multiple from the base, simple in the basal 2/3, branching in the inflorescence, fistulose, densely retrorse puberulent, densely glandular pubescent in the apex, 4-5mm in diameter.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, decussate, many pairs per stem, ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminate, densely puberulent to hispidulous above and below, paler abaxially, to +/-10cm long, +/-4cm broad. Single midrib impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary cymes at the apex of the stem. Each division of the cyme subtended by a pair of foliaceous bracts. Bracts reduced upward. Pedicels and bracts densely viscid-glandular. Pedicels typically +/-1cm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, spreading, clawed, 4-5cm long, distinct. Claw to +2cm long, mostly whitish, glabrous but with ciliate margins. Limb to +2cm long, 5-7mm broad, red, oblong, mostly glabrous but with a few hairs along the margins, with some viscid glands, with a shallow notch at the apex or not, with 2 basal appendages at the base of the limb. Appendages subulate, acute, erect, red, +/-5mm long, -2mm broad. Stamens 10, 5 adnate to the base of the petals and 5 alternating with the petals, slightly exserted. Filaments white but darkened near the apex, +2.5cm long, glabrous. Anthers +/-2mm long, greenish-blue. Styles 3, distinct, well exserted, to +3cm long, glabrous, white with purple apices (stigmas). Ovary superior, green, glabrous, cylindric, 7-8mm long, 2mm in diameter (in flower), unilocular. Placentation free-central. Ovules many. Calyx tubular, green, densely viscid glandular externally, glabrous internally, 10-ribbed, accrescent, +/-2.5cm long, truncate and slightly saccate at the base.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Rocky prairies, rocky open woods, thickets, borders of rocky glades, roadsides.
Origin - Native to the U.S.
Other info. - This striking plant can be found in the Ozark region of Missouri but is sometimes cultivated elsewhere. This species is easy to identify in the field because of its brilliant flowers and stems which have many nodes and leaves. Another species, S. virginica L., is similar but is a smaller plant with mostly basal leaves. Both species rival any commonly cultivated plant and should be grown more in home gardens.
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, herbaceous but stout, single or multiple from the base, simple in the basal 2/3, branching in the inflorescence, fistulose, densely retrorse puberulent, densely glandular pubescent in the apex, 4-5mm in diameter.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, decussate, many pairs per stem, ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminate, densely puberulent to hispidulous above and below, paler abaxially, to +/-10cm long, +/-4cm broad. Single midrib impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary cymes at the apex of the stem. Each division of the cyme subtended by a pair of foliaceous bracts. Bracts reduced upward. Pedicels and bracts densely viscid-glandular. Pedicels typically +/-1cm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, spreading, clawed, 4-5cm long, distinct. Claw to +2cm long, mostly whitish, glabrous but with ciliate margins. Limb to +2cm long, 5-7mm broad, red, oblong, mostly glabrous but with a few hairs along the margins, with some viscid glands, with a shallow notch at the apex or not, with 2 basal appendages at the base of the limb. Appendages subulate, acute, erect, red, +/-5mm long, -2mm broad. Stamens 10, 5 adnate to the base of the petals and 5 alternating with the petals, slightly exserted. Filaments white but darkened near the apex, +2.5cm long, glabrous. Anthers +/-2mm long, greenish-blue. Styles 3, distinct, well exserted, to +3cm long, glabrous, white with purple apices (stigmas). Ovary superior, green, glabrous, cylindric, 7-8mm long, 2mm in diameter (in flower), unilocular. Placentation free-central. Ovules many. Calyx tubular, green, densely viscid glandular externally, glabrous internally, 10-ribbed, accrescent, +/-2.5cm long, truncate and slightly saccate at the base.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Rocky prairies, rocky open woods, thickets, borders of rocky glades, roadsides.
Origin - Native to the U.S.
Other info. - This striking plant can be found in the Ozark region of Missouri but is sometimes cultivated elsewhere. This species is easy to identify in the field because of its brilliant flowers and stems which have many nodes and leaves. Another species, S. virginica L., is similar but is a smaller plant with mostly basal leaves. Both species rival any commonly cultivated plant and should be grown more in home gardens.
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Miss Chen
2017年07月26日
Un suelo cultivado reiteradamente aumenta las poblaciones de hongos que viven en el suelo, deNematodos (gusanitos microscópicos que parasitan raíces), de malas hierbas... Por tanto, cada 3 ó 4 años, se recomienda desinfectarlo.
Para desinfectar los suelos hay productos químicos, pero existe un método ecológico de desinfección llamado SOLARIZACIÓN que ofrece una gran eficacia. Está admitido en Agricultura Ecológica.
Con este método, podrás desinfectar el suelo antes de sembrar o plantar en la parcela. Su efecto es sobre:
Hongos del suelo: mata a hongos como Fusarium, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia, Pythium... que parasitan las raíces.
Nematodos: son unos gusanitos microscópicos que se alimentan de las raíces de las plantas.Meloidogyne spp. es uno de los Nematodos más frecuentes y hay datos contradictorios en cuanto a la eficacia de este método en su control.
Gusanos y otros insectos que viven en el suelo alimentándose de las raíces.
Muchas hierbas anuales (deja inservibles las semillas), aunque no controla bien malas hierbas perennes: Cyperus, Cynodon, Portulaca...
Bacterias: acaba con bacterias perjudiciales y aumenta la población de otras beneficiosas.
La solarización conlleva una elevación del rendimiento del cultivo posterior, más crecimiento, vigor, más altura, más producción de flores y frutos... Hay un aumento temporal de más nutrientes minerales disueltos y materia orgánica soluble.
¿Cómo se desinfecta un suelo mediante solarización?
• Hay que realizarlo en verano, cuando hace más calor.
• El terreno desnudo se labra con un motocultor y se retiran los restos vegetales y las piedras gruesas que salgan.
• A continuación se le da un riego muy abundante que cale bien, que moje a una profundidad de 40 centímetros.
• Se cubre el suelo con un plástico transparente fino (polietileno entre 100 y 200 galgas de espesor).
• La lámina debe quedar tensa y con los bordes perfectamente enterrados para que no se escape el calor.
• En general, se considera necesario dejarlo así, de 4 a 6 semanas como mínimo. Si no está haciendo mucho calor, deja más tiempo.
• Se puede aplicar al aire libre y también en el interior de un invernadero.
• Las plagas y enfermedades disminuirán en el cultivo siguiente.
• Quizás a los 3 ó 4 años haya que repetirlo.
• Es un método eficaz, sencillo y no contaminante. No es de desinfección tan fuerte como las fumigaciones químicas, pero es una alternativa buena y ecológica.
Limitaciones
• Aplicable a regiones que tengan una elevada irradiación solar y altas temperaturas veraniegas.
• Durante el tratamiento, el suelo debe estar libre de cultivo, como mínimo durante 1 mes en verano.
• No es un método de desinfección total 100%.
• También hay productos químicos para desinfección de suelos aptos para el horticultor aficionado.
• Por supuesto, la prevención rotando cultivos es una medida necesaria para que no degenere la tierra.
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Colour_
2017年07月26日
樱花原产北半球温带环喜马拉雅山地区，在世界各地都有生长，主要在日本国生长。花每枝3到5朵，成伞状花序，花瓣先端缺刻，花色多为白色、粉红色。花常于3月与叶同放或叶后开花，随季节变化，樱花花色幽香艳丽，常用于园林观赏。樱花可分单瓣和复瓣两类，单瓣类能开花结果，复瓣类多半不结果。
樱花掉叶子原因分析
1.季节变化
一般来说，比较常见的叶子掉叶子的现象就是发生在秋季，此时樱花会大量的掉叶子，不过这个掉叶子的时间不太固定，多是根据当地的气候来变化的。樱花的这种掉叶子的现象是很正常的，这是因为季节的变化来一发的正常的新陈代谢，只需要做好日常的养护工作即可。
2.虫害影响
在樱花掉叶子的原因中，病虫害是非常危险的一种，一般是樱花受到了害虫的危害，像是天牛等害虫，着生在树干上，会导致樱花提前掉叶子。所以在发现樱花掉叶子的时候，首先需要检查一些樱花是否是招了虫子，发现虫害的话，就要及时的进行喷药治疗。
3.浇水不当
浇水不当是导致樱花掉叶子的主要原因，因为浇水过多或者是过少，都会使樱花生长发育不良，这主要包括气候干燥，浇水不足以及降雨、浇水过多，都是重要的因素。
在养殖樱花的时候，应该注意及时的浇水，但是浇水量不要太多，雨季要注意进行排水。
4.施肥过浓
樱花并不是喜欢肥料的植物，所以在进行养殖的时候施肥的浓度不要太高，太高了或者是肥料的浓度不均匀，就会导致樱花出现掉叶子的现象。
在给樱花进行施肥的时候，一定要注意少施并且低浓度，一般是1年施上两次肥就可以，冬季施肥以及在花后施一次肥，施肥主要以酸性肥为佳。
樱花掉叶子原因分析
1.季节变化
一般来说，比较常见的叶子掉叶子的现象就是发生在秋季，此时樱花会大量的掉叶子，不过这个掉叶子的时间不太固定，多是根据当地的气候来变化的。樱花的这种掉叶子的现象是很正常的，这是因为季节的变化来一发的正常的新陈代谢，只需要做好日常的养护工作即可。
2.虫害影响
在樱花掉叶子的原因中，病虫害是非常危险的一种，一般是樱花受到了害虫的危害，像是天牛等害虫，着生在树干上，会导致樱花提前掉叶子。所以在发现樱花掉叶子的时候，首先需要检查一些樱花是否是招了虫子，发现虫害的话，就要及时的进行喷药治疗。
3.浇水不当
浇水不当是导致樱花掉叶子的主要原因，因为浇水过多或者是过少，都会使樱花生长发育不良，这主要包括气候干燥，浇水不足以及降雨、浇水过多，都是重要的因素。
在养殖樱花的时候，应该注意及时的浇水，但是浇水量不要太多，雨季要注意进行排水。
4.施肥过浓
樱花并不是喜欢肥料的植物，所以在进行养殖的时候施肥的浓度不要太高，太高了或者是肥料的浓度不均匀，就会导致樱花出现掉叶子的现象。
在给樱花进行施肥的时候，一定要注意少施并且低浓度，一般是1年施上两次肥就可以，冬季施肥以及在花后施一次肥，施肥主要以酸性肥为佳。
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月25日
Family - Rubiaceae
Stems - To +/-30cm tall, erect to ascending, herbaceous, multiple from the base, 4-angled, glabrous, hollow, branching.
Leaves - In whorls of 4, sessile, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3 times as long as broad, to +/-4cm long, +/-1cm broad, acute, with a single prominent midrib and 2 faint lateral veins, entire, slightly scabrous, strigose on midrib above and below, antrorse strigillose on the margins. Leaf with pustulate glands in leaf tissue abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary cymes. Each division of cyme subtended by small linear bracts. Pedicels glabrous, to -2cm long.
Flowers - Corolla purplish-red, 3mm broad, 4-lobed, glabrous. Lobes acute to apiculate, spreading. The apices often whitened. Stamens 4, spreading. Filaments purple, .6mm long. Anthers purple, .2mm long. Style purple, glabrous, .5mm long. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary inferior, 2-carpellate, green, glabrous, 1.2mm long. One ovule per carpel.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, openings in woods, borders of glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little plant is found in the Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its four lanceolate leaves and its purple-red flowers.
Stems - To +/-30cm tall, erect to ascending, herbaceous, multiple from the base, 4-angled, glabrous, hollow, branching.
Leaves - In whorls of 4, sessile, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3 times as long as broad, to +/-4cm long, +/-1cm broad, acute, with a single prominent midrib and 2 faint lateral veins, entire, slightly scabrous, strigose on midrib above and below, antrorse strigillose on the margins. Leaf with pustulate glands in leaf tissue abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary cymes. Each division of cyme subtended by small linear bracts. Pedicels glabrous, to -2cm long.
Flowers - Corolla purplish-red, 3mm broad, 4-lobed, glabrous. Lobes acute to apiculate, spreading. The apices often whitened. Stamens 4, spreading. Filaments purple, .6mm long. Anthers purple, .2mm long. Style purple, glabrous, .5mm long. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary inferior, 2-carpellate, green, glabrous, 1.2mm long. One ovule per carpel.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, openings in woods, borders of glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little plant is found in the Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its four lanceolate leaves and its purple-red flowers.
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权问薇
2017年07月24日
#锦屏藤
养护要点：
1.光照：锦屏藤喜光，所以要保证充足的光照时间，就依现在的这个天气，妥妥的能长好。
2.水分：夏天蒸发量大，几乎要一天一浇水。
3.施肥：锦屏藤对肥料要求不多，可以每隔两三个月追施一次复合肥。
百万心
养护要点：
1.光照：百万心喜欢半阴的环境，所以非常适合室内养护。
2.水分：夏季温度高需要经常浇水，保持土壤湿润。
3.施肥：百万心对肥料需求不大，可每个月追施一次稀薄的液肥。
绿萝
养护要点：
1.光照：绿萝耐阴性较强，可以短时间适应无光的环境，不耐暴晒，夏天如果放在窗台，需要适当的遮阴。
2.水分：夏季绿萝需水较多，可以1到两天浇一次水，并经常向叶面洒水。
3.施肥：每个周可以向绿萝花盆浇灌一些发酵好的淘米水，促进绿萝生长。
吸毒草
养护要点：
1.光照：吸毒草有一定的耐阴力，不耐强光暴晒，夏季需要适当遮阴。
2.水分：每两三天浇一次清水或者淘米水。
3通风：要想吸毒草长成瀑布，良好的通风一定要做好。
垂盆草
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Rosaceae
Stems - To +4m long (tall), erect, climbing or sprawling, woody at least at the base, glabrous to hispid, armed with prickles or not, terete.
Leaves - Alternate, typically 3-foliolate on older growth, 5-foliolate on younger growth. Leaflets elliptic, ovate or oblong, serrate, to +5cm long, 4cm wide, glabrous above, variously pubescent to glabrous below. Petiole and stipules glabrous or glandular pubescent.
Inflorescence - Single flowers or few flowered corymbs from leaf axils.
Flowers - Petals 5, pink (rarely white), to +3cm long. Stamens many. Styles 5, united and protruding from hypanthium. Hypanthium +/-1cm in diameter. Sepals 5, to +1.5cm long, pubescent to glandular pubescent. Flowers fragrant.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Moist ground, thickets, open woods, fence rows, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is one of the more common roses found in the state. It seems to prefer a shaded location with neighboring plants for support, but will grow fine in the sun and alone.
The plant is quite variable and Steyermark lists two varieties and five forms of the species, mostly based on leaf pubescence and flower color. I wont go into those here.
Stems - To +4m long (tall), erect, climbing or sprawling, woody at least at the base, glabrous to hispid, armed with prickles or not, terete.
Leaves - Alternate, typically 3-foliolate on older growth, 5-foliolate on younger growth. Leaflets elliptic, ovate or oblong, serrate, to +5cm long, 4cm wide, glabrous above, variously pubescent to glabrous below. Petiole and stipules glabrous or glandular pubescent.
Inflorescence - Single flowers or few flowered corymbs from leaf axils.
Flowers - Petals 5, pink (rarely white), to +3cm long. Stamens many. Styles 5, united and protruding from hypanthium. Hypanthium +/-1cm in diameter. Sepals 5, to +1.5cm long, pubescent to glandular pubescent. Flowers fragrant.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Moist ground, thickets, open woods, fence rows, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is one of the more common roses found in the state. It seems to prefer a shaded location with neighboring plants for support, but will grow fine in the sun and alone.
The plant is quite variable and Steyermark lists two varieties and five forms of the species, mostly based on leaf pubescence and flower color. I wont go into those here.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - To -1m tall, simple or branching above, Multiple from base, erect to ascending, glabrous to densely villous, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, odd-pinnate, stipulate, to -5cm long. Stipules linear, 5mm long. Leaflets typically 3-5, linear to linear-oblong, involute, opposite, -2cm long, 2mm broad, entire, sparse villous, glandular punctate below, subsessile or on very short petiolule to .7mm long. Petiole punctate glandular, villous, with adaxial groove.
Inflorescence - Dense, indeterminate, cylindrical spikes to 7cm tall, 1.2cm in diameter, terminating stems.
Each flower subtended by an apiculate bract to 5mm long, +/-2mm broad. Bracts cupped and pubescent below tip.
Flowers - Petals purplish-pink, clawed, connected to staminal column (column to 3mm long, white, glabrous), 4-6mm long, 1mm broad. Claws to -4mm long. Stamens 5, monodelphous. Filaments 5-6mm long, purplish. Anthers .9mm long, orange. Style 8-9mm long, white to pinkish, mostly glabrous but bearded below, filiform. Ovary 1.4mm long, pubescent at apex. Calyx tube to 3mm long, white, dense pubescent, 5-lobed. Lobes green acute, 1.2mm long, equal, dense pubescent.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - At first glance the flowers and spikes of this plant appear somewhat uncharacteristic of most plants in the bean family. Closer examination reveals that indeed the plant is properly placed.
This plant is common yet striking to look at. The foliage and stems can be glabrous or very pubescent and some authors split the species up into different varieties based on this and other characteristics.
The plants are frequented by flying insects such as butterflies.
Synonyms for the plant include P. purpureum and Dalea purpurea Vent.
Stems - To -1m tall, simple or branching above, Multiple from base, erect to ascending, glabrous to densely villous, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, odd-pinnate, stipulate, to -5cm long. Stipules linear, 5mm long. Leaflets typically 3-5, linear to linear-oblong, involute, opposite, -2cm long, 2mm broad, entire, sparse villous, glandular punctate below, subsessile or on very short petiolule to .7mm long. Petiole punctate glandular, villous, with adaxial groove.
Inflorescence - Dense, indeterminate, cylindrical spikes to 7cm tall, 1.2cm in diameter, terminating stems.
Each flower subtended by an apiculate bract to 5mm long, +/-2mm broad. Bracts cupped and pubescent below tip.
Flowers - Petals purplish-pink, clawed, connected to staminal column (column to 3mm long, white, glabrous), 4-6mm long, 1mm broad. Claws to -4mm long. Stamens 5, monodelphous. Filaments 5-6mm long, purplish. Anthers .9mm long, orange. Style 8-9mm long, white to pinkish, mostly glabrous but bearded below, filiform. Ovary 1.4mm long, pubescent at apex. Calyx tube to 3mm long, white, dense pubescent, 5-lobed. Lobes green acute, 1.2mm long, equal, dense pubescent.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - At first glance the flowers and spikes of this plant appear somewhat uncharacteristic of most plants in the bean family. Closer examination reveals that indeed the plant is properly placed.
This plant is common yet striking to look at. The foliage and stems can be glabrous or very pubescent and some authors split the species up into different varieties based on this and other characteristics.
The plants are frequented by flying insects such as butterflies.
Synonyms for the plant include P. purpureum and Dalea purpurea Vent.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +1m tall, herbaceous, erect, simple. terete, single or double from a large corm, antrorse strigose, glabrescent at the base, typically about 3-4mm in diameter, ribbed.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, sessile above. Basal leaves long-petiolate. Petioles to 10cm long, mostly glabrous, with a square adaxial groove near the base of the leaf blade. Leaf blades linear-elliptic, to +15cm long, 2-3cm broad, entire, sparse pubescent, with many minute punctations, acute, tapering at the base down the petiole. Cauline leaves greatly reduced towards the apex of the plant, linear, entire, pubescent, 2-6mm broad, 2-9cm long. All leaves with a single midrib.
Inflorescence - Determinate terminal spike to +35cm long. Flower heads sessile, each head typically subtended by one reduced leaf (bract).
Involucre - To 1.5cm long (tall), +1cm in diameter, cylindrical. Phyllaries with scarious margins and a green middle portion, glabrous internally and externally, punctate in the green portion externally, 6-10mm long, to 5mm broad, broadest above the middle, spreading in the apical 1/2 or 2/3, becoming purple in strong sun. The scarious margins deflexed, erose.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Flowers +/-30 per head. Corolla tube 5-7mm long, glabrous externally, pubescent at the base internally, whitish at the base, pinkish near the apex, expanding toward the apex, 5-lobed. Lobes purplish-pink, acute, spreading, 2-2.5mm long, 1mm broad. Stamens 5, adnate near the basal 1/3 of the corolla tube. Filaments white, pubescent, 1-1.4mm long, compressed. Anthers brownish, connate around the style, 3-4mm long, partially exserted. Style white in lower 1/3, purple in apical 2/3, glabrous, divided for the apical 2/3, to 1.3cm long. Stigmas spreading. Achenes white in flower, 3mm long, densely antrorse pubescent. Pappus of many capillary bristles. Bristles barbellate, 6-8mm long, white with purple apices.
Flowering - August to November.
Habitat - Dry areas of prairies, glades, meadows, open woods, roadsides, railroads. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a very popular species of Liatris. The plant is frequent in the habitats mentioned above and is becoming quite popular in cultivation. This is also an easy species to identify in the field because of its distinct phyllaries. No other species in Missouri has the spreading, scarious-margined phyllaries of L. aspera.
Steyermark lists two forms for the species. Form aspera, shown above, has pink to rose disk flowers. Form benkei has white disk flowers and is much less common.
A synonym for the plant is L. scariosa Willd. - Gates
Stems - To +1m tall, herbaceous, erect, simple. terete, single or double from a large corm, antrorse strigose, glabrescent at the base, typically about 3-4mm in diameter, ribbed.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, sessile above. Basal leaves long-petiolate. Petioles to 10cm long, mostly glabrous, with a square adaxial groove near the base of the leaf blade. Leaf blades linear-elliptic, to +15cm long, 2-3cm broad, entire, sparse pubescent, with many minute punctations, acute, tapering at the base down the petiole. Cauline leaves greatly reduced towards the apex of the plant, linear, entire, pubescent, 2-6mm broad, 2-9cm long. All leaves with a single midrib.
Inflorescence - Determinate terminal spike to +35cm long. Flower heads sessile, each head typically subtended by one reduced leaf (bract).
Involucre - To 1.5cm long (tall), +1cm in diameter, cylindrical. Phyllaries with scarious margins and a green middle portion, glabrous internally and externally, punctate in the green portion externally, 6-10mm long, to 5mm broad, broadest above the middle, spreading in the apical 1/2 or 2/3, becoming purple in strong sun. The scarious margins deflexed, erose.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Flowers +/-30 per head. Corolla tube 5-7mm long, glabrous externally, pubescent at the base internally, whitish at the base, pinkish near the apex, expanding toward the apex, 5-lobed. Lobes purplish-pink, acute, spreading, 2-2.5mm long, 1mm broad. Stamens 5, adnate near the basal 1/3 of the corolla tube. Filaments white, pubescent, 1-1.4mm long, compressed. Anthers brownish, connate around the style, 3-4mm long, partially exserted. Style white in lower 1/3, purple in apical 2/3, glabrous, divided for the apical 2/3, to 1.3cm long. Stigmas spreading. Achenes white in flower, 3mm long, densely antrorse pubescent. Pappus of many capillary bristles. Bristles barbellate, 6-8mm long, white with purple apices.
Flowering - August to November.
Habitat - Dry areas of prairies, glades, meadows, open woods, roadsides, railroads. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a very popular species of Liatris. The plant is frequent in the habitats mentioned above and is becoming quite popular in cultivation. This is also an easy species to identify in the field because of its distinct phyllaries. No other species in Missouri has the spreading, scarious-margined phyllaries of L. aspera.
Steyermark lists two forms for the species. Form aspera, shown above, has pink to rose disk flowers. Form benkei has white disk flowers and is much less common.
A synonym for the plant is L. scariosa Willd. - Gates
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