文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月12日
Both tropical and rainforests feature an incredible array of plants. Those that dangle from trees, rocks and vertical supports are called epiphytes. Tree epiphytes are called air plants because they have no firm grip in the earth. This fascinating collection of plants is also fun to grow indoors or out in the garden. Find answers on what is an epiphyte plant so you can introduce this unique form to your indoor or outdoor landscape.
What is an Epiphyte Plant?
The word epiphyte comes from the Greek “epi”, which means “upon” and “phyton”, which means plant. One of the amazing adaptations of epiphytes is their ability to attach to vertical surfaces and capture their water and much of their nutrient needs from sources other than soil. They may be found on branches, trunks and other structures. While epiphytes may live on other plants, they are not parasites. There are many types of epiphytes, with the majority being found in tropical and cloud forests. They get their moisture from the air but some even live in desert terrain and gather moisture from fog.
Types of Epiphytes
You might be surprised what plants have the adaptations of epiphytes. Tree epiphytes are usually tropical plants such as bromeliads, but they may also be cacti, orchids, aroids, lichens, moss and ferns. In tropical rain forests, giant philodendrons wrap themselves around trees but are still not tethered to the ground. The adaptations of epiphytes allow them to grow and flourish in areas where ground is difficult to reach or already populated by other plants. Epiphytic plants contribute to a rich ecosystem and provide canopy food and shelter. Not all plants in this group are tree epiphytes. Plants, such as mosses, are epiphytic and may be seen growing on rocks, the sides of houses and other inorganic surfaces.
Adaptations of Epiphytes
The flora in a rainforest is diverse and thickly populated. The competition for light, air, water, nutrients and space is fierce. Therefore, some plants have evolved to become epiphytes. This habit allows them to take advantage of high spaces and upper story light as well as misty, moisture-laden air. Leaf litter and other organic debris catches in tree crotches and other areas, making nutrient-rich nests for air plants.
Epiphyte Plant Care and Growth
Some plant centers sell epiphytic plants for home gardeners. They need to have a mount in some cases, such as Tillandsia. Affix the plant to a wooden board or cork piece. The plants gather much of their moisture from the air, so place them in moderate light in the bathroom where they can get water from shower steam. Another commonly grown epiphyte is the bromeliad. These plants are grown in well-drained soil. Water them in the cup at the base of the plant, which is designed to capture moisture out of misty air. For any epiphytic plant, try to mimic the conditions of its natural habitat. Orchids grow in shredded bark and need average light and moderate moisture. Take care not to overwater epiphytic plants since they supplement their moisture needs from the air. Humid conditions often provide all the moisture a plant will need. You can assist the plant by misting the air around it or putting the pot in a saucer of rocks filled with water.
What is an Epiphyte Plant?
The word epiphyte comes from the Greek “epi”, which means “upon” and “phyton”, which means plant. One of the amazing adaptations of epiphytes is their ability to attach to vertical surfaces and capture their water and much of their nutrient needs from sources other than soil. They may be found on branches, trunks and other structures. While epiphytes may live on other plants, they are not parasites. There are many types of epiphytes, with the majority being found in tropical and cloud forests. They get their moisture from the air but some even live in desert terrain and gather moisture from fog.
Types of Epiphytes
You might be surprised what plants have the adaptations of epiphytes. Tree epiphytes are usually tropical plants such as bromeliads, but they may also be cacti, orchids, aroids, lichens, moss and ferns. In tropical rain forests, giant philodendrons wrap themselves around trees but are still not tethered to the ground. The adaptations of epiphytes allow them to grow and flourish in areas where ground is difficult to reach or already populated by other plants. Epiphytic plants contribute to a rich ecosystem and provide canopy food and shelter. Not all plants in this group are tree epiphytes. Plants, such as mosses, are epiphytic and may be seen growing on rocks, the sides of houses and other inorganic surfaces.
Adaptations of Epiphytes
The flora in a rainforest is diverse and thickly populated. The competition for light, air, water, nutrients and space is fierce. Therefore, some plants have evolved to become epiphytes. This habit allows them to take advantage of high spaces and upper story light as well as misty, moisture-laden air. Leaf litter and other organic debris catches in tree crotches and other areas, making nutrient-rich nests for air plants.
Epiphyte Plant Care and Growth
Some plant centers sell epiphytic plants for home gardeners. They need to have a mount in some cases, such as Tillandsia. Affix the plant to a wooden board or cork piece. The plants gather much of their moisture from the air, so place them in moderate light in the bathroom where they can get water from shower steam. Another commonly grown epiphyte is the bromeliad. These plants are grown in well-drained soil. Water them in the cup at the base of the plant, which is designed to capture moisture out of misty air. For any epiphytic plant, try to mimic the conditions of its natural habitat. Orchids grow in shredded bark and need average light and moderate moisture. Take care not to overwater epiphytic plants since they supplement their moisture needs from the air. Humid conditions often provide all the moisture a plant will need. You can assist the plant by misting the air around it or putting the pot in a saucer of rocks filled with water.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月12日
Epiphytic plants are those that grow on vertical surfaces such as another plant, a rock, or any other structure the epiphyte can attach to. Epiphytes are not parasitic but do use other plants as support. Epiphytes for the home interior are mounted, generally on bark, wood or cork. It’s creative and fun to learn how to mount epiphytic plants. These varieties add a unique, tropical note to the home and epiphyte plant care is easy and carefree.
Epiphyte Mounting Tips
There are 22,000 species of epiphytes around the world. Many of these are becoming common houseplants due to their unique beauty but also their ease of care. Mounting these plants is the best way to view them, provides the plant the aerial situation it requires and assists in epiphyte plant care. Choose any mount that is porous and is free of chemicals and salts. Now it is time to take a few epiphyte mounting tips and get creative. The pros choose their mounting medium carefully. This is especially true of orchid collectors. Orchids tend to grow on specific species of tree and it is important to try to match that wood whenever possible. Usually, this is not the case, however, so a benign substitute is chosen. Your choice of mounting medium will depend upon the size of your epiphyte, the weight of the medium and durability. For the most part, driftwood, cork and large pieces of hardwood or bark will provide adequate homes for the plants. Your mounting material is your next choice. Use pantyhose, fishing line, wire, twine or even hot glue.
How to Mount Epiphytic Plants
Epiphyte growing and mounting can become addictive. The bromeliads, orchids, tillandsia, staghorn fern and other varieties of epiphyte will produce a unique collection. Any of the plants that have minimal roots or aerial roots are good candidates for mounting. The best medium for any type of plant will vary according to its native region; however, an overall good medium to cradle root systems is sphagnum moss. Moisten the moss and pack it around the roots. You can use a bit of coconut coir around that if you wish and then bind the whole mass to the plant with twine.
Epiphyte Growing and Mounting
You should have all the parts that you need together now. Take your plant and wrap the roots in the moistened sphagnum moss. Bind this to the base of the plant and then take your mounting piece and attach the base of the plant. Use glue, twine or whatever method you choose. Take care to hide any string in the foliage of the plant for best appearance. Epiphytes need more moisture than plants in pots. Provide water two to four times a week, depending upon how hot and dry your home is and what time of year. In summer, occasionally submerge the plant in water for an hour if it is not getting enough moisture. If your humidity is low, spray them with water occasionally. Place the plant where it gets bright but indirect light. Fertilize in spring with a dilution of a 10-5-5 that is low in copper.
Epiphyte Mounting Tips
There are 22,000 species of epiphytes around the world. Many of these are becoming common houseplants due to their unique beauty but also their ease of care. Mounting these plants is the best way to view them, provides the plant the aerial situation it requires and assists in epiphyte plant care. Choose any mount that is porous and is free of chemicals and salts. Now it is time to take a few epiphyte mounting tips and get creative. The pros choose their mounting medium carefully. This is especially true of orchid collectors. Orchids tend to grow on specific species of tree and it is important to try to match that wood whenever possible. Usually, this is not the case, however, so a benign substitute is chosen. Your choice of mounting medium will depend upon the size of your epiphyte, the weight of the medium and durability. For the most part, driftwood, cork and large pieces of hardwood or bark will provide adequate homes for the plants. Your mounting material is your next choice. Use pantyhose, fishing line, wire, twine or even hot glue.
How to Mount Epiphytic Plants
Epiphyte growing and mounting can become addictive. The bromeliads, orchids, tillandsia, staghorn fern and other varieties of epiphyte will produce a unique collection. Any of the plants that have minimal roots or aerial roots are good candidates for mounting. The best medium for any type of plant will vary according to its native region; however, an overall good medium to cradle root systems is sphagnum moss. Moisten the moss and pack it around the roots. You can use a bit of coconut coir around that if you wish and then bind the whole mass to the plant with twine.
Epiphyte Growing and Mounting
You should have all the parts that you need together now. Take your plant and wrap the roots in the moistened sphagnum moss. Bind this to the base of the plant and then take your mounting piece and attach the base of the plant. Use glue, twine or whatever method you choose. Take care to hide any string in the foliage of the plant for best appearance. Epiphytes need more moisture than plants in pots. Provide water two to four times a week, depending upon how hot and dry your home is and what time of year. In summer, occasionally submerge the plant in water for an hour if it is not getting enough moisture. If your humidity is low, spray them with water occasionally. Place the plant where it gets bright but indirect light. Fertilize in spring with a dilution of a 10-5-5 that is low in copper.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月09日
Family - Violaceae
Stems - To +20cm tall, glabrous below but with some pubescence in distinct vertical lines on stem ridges, nearly hirsute above, herbaceous, from thick roots, erect to ascending.
Leaves - Basal leaves petiolate. Petiole to 15cm long, with erect hairs in vertical lines. Blade cordate to reniform, crenate-serrate, 4-5cm long, +3cm broad, glabrous. Cauline leaves with shorter petioles, stipulate. Stipules lanceolate, oblique at base, 5-7mm broad, 1-3cm long, with a few coarse teeth, glabrous. Petioles more densely pubescent than basal petioles. Blades cordate, acute, shallow coarse serrate, glabrous above, pubescent on veins below, 4-5cm broad, 4cm long.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers. Peduncles sparsely to moderately pubescent, 6-7cm long, 1.1mm in diameter.
Flowers - Petals yellow, with some brownish-black striping, to 1.3cm long. Lateral petals bearded at throat. Lowest petal saccate at base. Stamens 4, with filaments connate around ovary. Stigma globose with tufts of hairs from opposing sides. Ovary 1-locular. Placentation parietal. Sepals 5, green with lighter margins, lanceolate, +/-8mm long, 3mm broad, glabrous. Margins minutely ciliate at base. Fruits ovoid to globose, lanate.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - On rich wooded slopes, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - You can't miss this plant in the wild. Like most of the Violets, it blooms early and shows up well against the dark forest floor. The corolla is yellow which makes for easy identification in the wild.
Steyermark lists two varieties for the plant. Variety leiocarpa (Fern. & Wieg.) Fern. has glabrous fruits. Variety pensylvanica has pubescent fruits. Both varieties are common in the state with the var. leiocarpa being a bit more frequent.
Stems - To +20cm tall, glabrous below but with some pubescence in distinct vertical lines on stem ridges, nearly hirsute above, herbaceous, from thick roots, erect to ascending.
Leaves - Basal leaves petiolate. Petiole to 15cm long, with erect hairs in vertical lines. Blade cordate to reniform, crenate-serrate, 4-5cm long, +3cm broad, glabrous. Cauline leaves with shorter petioles, stipulate. Stipules lanceolate, oblique at base, 5-7mm broad, 1-3cm long, with a few coarse teeth, glabrous. Petioles more densely pubescent than basal petioles. Blades cordate, acute, shallow coarse serrate, glabrous above, pubescent on veins below, 4-5cm broad, 4cm long.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers. Peduncles sparsely to moderately pubescent, 6-7cm long, 1.1mm in diameter.
Flowers - Petals yellow, with some brownish-black striping, to 1.3cm long. Lateral petals bearded at throat. Lowest petal saccate at base. Stamens 4, with filaments connate around ovary. Stigma globose with tufts of hairs from opposing sides. Ovary 1-locular. Placentation parietal. Sepals 5, green with lighter margins, lanceolate, +/-8mm long, 3mm broad, glabrous. Margins minutely ciliate at base. Fruits ovoid to globose, lanate.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - On rich wooded slopes, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - You can't miss this plant in the wild. Like most of the Violets, it blooms early and shows up well against the dark forest floor. The corolla is yellow which makes for easy identification in the wild.
Steyermark lists two varieties for the plant. Variety leiocarpa (Fern. & Wieg.) Fern. has glabrous fruits. Variety pensylvanica has pubescent fruits. Both varieties are common in the state with the var. leiocarpa being a bit more frequent.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月07日
Crocosmia
No late summer flower garden is complete without crocosmia's vibrant wands of scarlet, red, orange, and yellow. They offer a late pop of color when many gardens are languishing in the dog days. Their narrow, bladed foliage provides vertical accents much like gladiola leaves. The tubular blossoms beckon hummingbirds, and the seedpods that persist into fall also attract feathered visitors. Plant crocosmia bulbs in well-drained soil in fall or spring.
LIGHT:Sun
TYPE:Bulb
HEIGHT:From 1 to 8 feet
WIDTH:To 3 feet wide
FLOWER COLOR:Green, Orange, Red
FOLIAGE COLOR:Chartreuse/Gold
SEASONAL FEATURES:Summer Bloom
PROBLEM SOLVERS:Deer Resistant, Drought Tolerant, Good For Privacy, Groundcover, Slope/Erosion Control
SPECIAL FEATURES:Attracts Birds, Cut Flowers, Good for Containers, Low Maintenance
ZONES:6-10
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月06日
Description: This perennial herbaceous plant is ½–2' tall and more or less erect; it is either unbranched or sparingly branched along the upper half of its central stem. The central stem is yellowish green or medium green and terete; it has vertical lines of short pubescence. Whorls of 4-6 leaves occur along the nodes of the central stem; because the internodes of this stem are fairly short, these leaves are produced in abundance. Relative to the orientation of the central stem, the leaves are usually ascending, although sometimes they are widely spreading or drooping. The leaves are 2-3" long, 2-3 mm. across, and linear in shape; their margins are entire (toothless) and strongly revolute (rolled downward). Sometimes whorls of smaller secondary leaves are produced from short lateral stems that develop from the axils of leaves along the central stem. The upper leaf surfaces are yellowish green or medium green and glabrous to sparsely short-pubescent; they are narrowly grooved along the middle where the midribs occur. The lower leaf surfaces are whitish green and short-pubescent; they are partially obscured by the rolled leaf margins. The leaves are sessile or they have very short petioles (less than 2 mm. long). From the axils of middle to upper leaves, umbels of flowers are produced on short peduncles (flowering stalks); there can be 1-4 umbels of flowers at each node. Individual umbels span ¾–1½" across, consisting of 7-20 pedicellate flowers.
Each flower is about 5-6 mm. across and 8-10 mm. long, consisting of 5 sepals, 5 petals, 5 hoods with horns, and a central reproductive column. The sepals are light green, short-pubescent, and lanceolate in shape; sometimes they are tinted purple toward their tips. These sepals are visible at the bases of flower buds, but they are hidden by the petals when the flowers bloom. The petals are white or greenish white, sometimes with pale purplish tints toward their tips; they are oblong-elliptic in shape and strongly declined (bent downward), curving slightly upward toward their tips. The erect white hoods are open-tubular in shape and somewhat oblique, their lower sides facing the center of the flower. The slender white horns are sickle-shaped and inwardly curved; there is one exserted horn per hood. The short reproductive column is white at its apex and light green below. The slender pedicels of the flowers are light green to nearly white, sometimes becoming purplish at their bases; they are 8-12 mm. long, terete, and short-pubescent. The peduncles are ½–1½" long, light to medium green, glabrous to short-pubescent, terete, and ascending. The blooming period occurs from early to late summer, lasting about 1-2 months. There is little or no floral scent. Afterwards, successfully cross-pollinated flowers are replaced by ascending to erect follicles (seedpods that open along one side). These follicles are 3-4" long and about ½" across; they are narrowly lanceoloid in shape and fairly smooth (lacking warts or soft prickles). At maturity during autumn or winter, these follicles split open to release their seeds to the wind. Mature seeds are about 4-5 mm. long, ovate-flattened in shape, brown, and narrowly winged along their margins; their apices have large tufts of white hair. The root system is fleshy-fibrous and long-rhizomatous. Colonies of clonal plants are often produced from the rhizomes.
Cultivation: The preference is full sun, mesic to dry conditions, and soil containing loam, clay-loam, sand, or gravel. Infertile soil is actually preferred because it reduces competition from taller plants. During hot dry weather, the lower leaves may turn yellow and fall off, or the foliage of the entire plant may become yellowish green. In open sunny areas with exposed soil, this plant can spread aggressively.
Range & Habitat: The native Whorled Milkweed occurs occasionally throughout most of Illinois, except for a few southern counties (see Distribution Map), where it is rare or absent. Habitats include upland prairies, sand prairies, gravel prairies, hill prairies, openings in rocky upland forests, sandy savannas, limestone glades, rocky bluffs along major rivers, bluegrass meadows, pastures and abandoned fields, grassy slopes along highways, and waste areas. Whorled Milkweed is a pioneer species that prefers open disturbed areas.
Faunal Associations: The nectar of the flowers attracts many kinds of insects, including honeybees, bumblebees, Halictid bees (Halictus spp., Lasioglossum spp.), Halictid cuckoo bees (Sphecodes spp.), sand-loving wasps (Tachytes spp.), weevil wasps (Cerceris spp.), Sphecid wasps (Sphex spp., Prionyx spp.), Five-banded Tiphiid Wasp (Myzinum quinquecinctum), Northern Paper Wasp (Polites fuscatus), spider wasps (Anoplius spp.), Eumenine wasps (Euodynerus spp., etc.), Syrphid flies, thick-headed flies (Physocephala spp., etc.), Tachinid flies, flesh flies (Sarcophagidae), Muscid flies, Painted Lady (Vanessa cardui) and other butterflies, Peck's Skipper (Polites peckius) and other skippers, Squash Vine Borer Moth (Melittia cucurbitae) and other moths, and Pennsylvania Soldier Beetle (Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus); sources of information include Robertson (1929) and personal observations. Among these floral visitors, bees and wasps are usually more effective at cross-pollination. Some insects feed destructively on the foliage, flowers, seedpods, and other parts of Whorled Milkweed. These species include the Small Milkweed Bug (Lygaeus kalmii), Milkweed Leaf Beetle (Labidomera clivicollis), Yellow Milkweed Aphid (Aphis nerii), and a moth, the Delicate Cycnia (Cycnia tenera). Although this insect does not occur in Illinois, in the southwestern United States, the Horsetail Milkweed Longhorn (Tetraopes discoideus) feeds on Whorled Milkweed and closely related milkweed species (Asclepias spp.); sources of information include Betz et al. (1997), Yanega (1996), and personal observations. Mammalian herbivores usually avoid the foliage of Whorled Milkweed as a food source because it is one of the more toxic milkweed species.
Photographic Location: Photographs were taken at the webmaster's wildflower garden in Urbana, Illinois, and a bluegrass meadow near Parkland College in Champaign, Illinois.
Comments: This small milkweed blooms later in the year than most milkweed species (Asclepias spp.), and its small umbels of flowers attract many kinds of insects, including butterflies. Whorled Milkweed (Asclepias verticillata) superficially resembles the common Field Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) because of its whorled linear leaves. It can be distinguished from this latter species by the milky latex of its foliage and the later development of its flowers and seedpods. Field Horsetail is a spore-bearing plant that lacks true flowers. Whorled Milkweed is readily distinguished from other milkweed species in Illinois by its more narrow leaves (only 2-3 mm. across). Narrow-leaved Milkweed (Asclepias stenophylla) is an exception, because its linear leaves are almost as narrow. However, this latter species has leaves that are alternate to nearly opposite along its stems, rather than whorled. So far, it has been found in only a few counties of western Illinois.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月05日
Rosales antiguos, Rosas viejas, Rosal antiguo
Arbustos de desarrollo vertical, densos, compactos, pero menos vigorosos y más reflorecientes que los Borbonianos (Bourbon) de los que provienen. Portadores de grupos laxos de flores semidobles o dobles en verano-otoño, dispuestas en solitario o bien en grupos de a tres.
Son recomendables para bancales y borduras.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月05日
Description: This perennial plant is usually 1-2' tall, but sometimes it becomes considerably higher; this plant often branches in the upper half. The stems are are pale green, terete, and pubescent-hairy; they have vertical lines of fine hairs. Both alternate and opposite leaves occur along the length of the central stem. The leaves are up to 5" long and 2" across; they are lanceolate in outline, but their structure is primarily simple-pinnate (although some leaves may be double-pinnate with secondary lobes that are few in number and small in size). The primary lobes are narrowly lanceolate or lanceolate in shape and shallow to moderately deep, tapering to blunt narrow tips; the sinuses between the lobes are either flat or concave. Depending on the local ecotype, these lobes are widely spaced along the leaf margins, or they are more abundant and crowded. The leaf margins are toothless or nearly so, and they are either flat or somewhat elevated. Both the upper and lower leaf surfaces are grayish green or whitish green and more or less covered with short fine pubescence.
Western Ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya) is monoecious, producing spike-like racemes of staminate (male) florets from the upper stems, while cyme-like clusters of pistillate (female) florets are produced below. The staminate racemes are 1-4" in length (becoming longer as they mature), cylindrical in outline, and whitish to yellowish green. The staminate flowerheads are produced along the entire length of their racemes, facing in all directions. Each staminate flowerhead spans 2-5 mm. across, becoming short-campanulate (short bell-shaped) during the blooming period. Each staminate flowerhead has 3-5 phyllaries (floral bracts) that are broadly ovate and pubescent; they are arranged in a single series and joined together along their lower halves. The interior of each staminate flowerhead has 4 or more staminate florets; these florets have stamens with yellow anthers. The peduncles of staminate flowerheads are 1-4 mm. long and pubescent; these flowerheads often droop from their short peduncles. Underneath a cluster of pistillate flowerheads there is a leafy outer bract up to 1¼" long. In addition, pairs of smaller outer bracts are located immediately below individual pistillate flowerheads. Each pistillate flowerhead has a cup-shaped involucre about 8 mm. long and 3 mm. across that has several tooth-like projections; this involucre consists of fused phyllaries (floral bracts) and it is pubescent. The interior of this flowerhead contains a single pistillate floret. The blooming period can occur from mid-summer to autumn, lasting about 1-3 weeks for a colony of plants. The florets are cross-pollinated by the wind. Afterwards, the pistillate florets are replaced by achenes. Mature achenes are 2.5–4 mm. long, dark brown, and obovoid in shape; each achene usually has a short beak at its apex and about 4 tiny tubercles around the edge of its upper margin. The root system is fibrous and rhizomatous. This plant often forms clonal colonies of varying size from its rhizomes.
Cultivation: The preference is full sun, mesic to dry conditions, and poor soil. Although this plant can grow perfectly well in moist fertile soil, in Illinois it is usually found on drier soil that contains significant amounts of clay, sand, or gravelly material, as this reduces competition from other ground vegetation. This plant is easy to grow, but it can become aggressive in situations that are well-drained and sunny. It doesn't appear to be bothered much by foliar disease.
Range & Habitat: Western Ragweed occurs occasionally in northern and western Illinois, while in the rest of the state it is uncommon or absent (see Distribution Map). It is unclear if this plant is adventive from the west, or native to Illinois. Habitats include upland areas of prairies, old cemeteries, areas along railroads, roadsides, abandoned fields, pastures, and barren waste areas. Western Ragweed is more common in disturbed areas, especially if the soil contains clay, sand, or gravel. Sometimes this plant is used in prairie restorations, or it shows up unexpectedly in prairie restorations as a result of contaminated seed.
Faunal Associations: The flowers are wind-pollinated and rarely attract pollen- or nectar-seeking insects. Caterpillars of the Common Pinkband (Ogdoconta cinereola), Ragweed Flower Moth (Schinia rivulosa), and other moths feed on Western Ragweed and other ragweeds (Ambrosia spp.); see the Moth Table) for a listing of these species. Such grasshoppers as the Little Pasture Grasshopper (Melanoplus confusus), Red-legged Grasshopper (Melanoplus femurrubrum), and Migratory Grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) feed on the foliage of Western Ragweed (see Grasshopper Table). These grasshoppers are an important source of food to some insectivorous songbirds and upland gamebirds. Other insects that feed on Western Ragweed include the Brown Ambrosia Aphid (Uroleucon ambrosiae), the stink bugs Chlorochroa persimilis and Chlorochroa uhleri, and such leaf beetles as Exema dispar, Microrhopala xerene, and Zygogramma suturalis. Like Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), the seeds of Western Ragweed are a popular source of food for many kinds of granivorous songbirds and upland gamebirds (see Bird Table). The seeds are nutritious and remain available through the winter months. Some rodents eat the seeds, including the Thirteen-Lined Ground Squirrel (Martin et al., 1951/1961). Mammalian herbivores eat the bitter foliage of this and other ragweeds to a limited extent.
Photographic Location: Photographs were taken at the Windsor Road Prairie in Champaign, Illinois.
Comments: Like other ragweeds, the airborne pollen of Western Ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya) can cause allergic reactions in people during the late summer and fall. This plant has high ecological value to birds, grasshoppers, and other insects. Across its range, there is some variability in the pubescence of its foliage, and in the number and shape of the primary lobes of its leaves. Western Ragweed resembles Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) to some extent. However, the leaves of Western Ragweed are usually simple-pinnate, while the leaves of Common Ragweed are double-pinnate and more deeply lobed. Plants that display mixed characteristics may be hybrids of these two species.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月04日
Think Outside the Pot
If you've got a postage stamp for a yard or you're such an avid gardener that you've filled all your space, it's time to explore new gardening territory with vertical gardening. Follow the tips below for a few traditional and innovative ways to add new foliage to your small or plant-packed garden.
The Traditional Way: Grow Vines
Vines are growing machines. Some of them can grow to 50 feet in length. If you have a fence or wall in need of livening up, try vines. Clematis is tame, while trumpet vines are more adventurous and can tear up your siding, so be sure to pick a variety that's suitable to your setting. You can put up a trellis on your wall or fence for your vine to follow, or build an arbor or pergola. Either way, you can create a stunning assortment of flowers and greenery with vines alone, and attracts birds and butterflies to your yard.
Grow Down
With planters, you can create your own version of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Put containers along balconies or ledges and add trailing plants such as petunias or million bells, which will create a green and flowery curtain that sways in the breeze. Your hanging garden can also provide some much-needed shade during a hot summer.
Make a Living Wall
Grow plants on your interior or exterior walls using a hanging structure like ELT's living walls. You can use just about any kind of plant that has shallow roots to create beautiful designs that look more like a tapestry than a garden. ELT's vertical garden system is a 20 by 24 inch rectangular plastic structure that has 25 containers in which to place your plants. You can fasten any number of rectangles together to cover any surface you want. They also make a vertical garden for interiors, either on the floor or as a frame on the wall. If you have a sloped roof that's exposed to sun all day, you can put some rectangles up to create an inexpensive green roof. Green roofs are becoming popular in Europe as a means of slowing down runoff and cooling buildings without air conditioning.
If you've got a postage stamp for a yard or you're such an avid gardener that you've filled all your space, it's time to explore new gardening territory with vertical gardening. Follow the tips below for a few traditional and innovative ways to add new foliage to your small or plant-packed garden.
The Traditional Way: Grow Vines
Vines are growing machines. Some of them can grow to 50 feet in length. If you have a fence or wall in need of livening up, try vines. Clematis is tame, while trumpet vines are more adventurous and can tear up your siding, so be sure to pick a variety that's suitable to your setting. You can put up a trellis on your wall or fence for your vine to follow, or build an arbor or pergola. Either way, you can create a stunning assortment of flowers and greenery with vines alone, and attracts birds and butterflies to your yard.
Grow Down
With planters, you can create your own version of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Put containers along balconies or ledges and add trailing plants such as petunias or million bells, which will create a green and flowery curtain that sways in the breeze. Your hanging garden can also provide some much-needed shade during a hot summer.
Make a Living Wall
Grow plants on your interior or exterior walls using a hanging structure like ELT's living walls. You can use just about any kind of plant that has shallow roots to create beautiful designs that look more like a tapestry than a garden. ELT's vertical garden system is a 20 by 24 inch rectangular plastic structure that has 25 containers in which to place your plants. You can fasten any number of rectangles together to cover any surface you want. They also make a vertical garden for interiors, either on the floor or as a frame on the wall. If you have a sloped roof that's exposed to sun all day, you can put some rectangles up to create an inexpensive green roof. Green roofs are becoming popular in Europe as a means of slowing down runoff and cooling buildings without air conditioning.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To 1m tall, erect, herbaceous, fro a vertical caudex and slightly thickened roots, terete, glabrescent basally, hispidulous with multicellular hairs in the apical 1/2.
Leaves - Alternate, the basal and lower-most petiolate, sessile above. Petioles of the basal leaves to +20cm long, with a very narrow adaxial groove, mostly glabrous but with some hairs in the groove. Blades to +/-20cm long, +/-8cm broad, scabrous above and below, greyish because of dense hairs below, elliptic-lanceolate, shallow serrate, acute, tapering slightly at the base. Cauline leaves sessile, quickly reduced upward, shallow crenate-serrate, densely pubescent (with a greyish cast), scabrous, those in the middle of the stem oblanceolate. Leaves in the apical 1/3 of the stem reduced to bracts, ovate to orbicular.
Inflorescence - Terminal corymbiform arrangement of flowerheads. Peduncles densely hispidulous. Each division of the inflorescence subtended by a small foliaceous bract.
Involucre - To +8mm long (tall), 5mm in diameter, cylindric. Phyllaries imbricate, appressed, unequal, the longest to 6mm long, 2mm broad, rounded at the apex, greenish (mostly at the apex), scarious below, with a green midrib, glabrous internally and externally, with ciliolate margins, oblong.
Ray flowers - Flowers 8-10 per flowerhead, fertile, pistillate. Corolla tube 4mm long, glabrous, yellowish. Ligule 4mm long, 2mm broad, yellow, glabrous or with a few sparse hairs, rounded at the apex. Style purplish, glabrous, thin, 5mm long, bifurcate. Stigmas 1mm long. Pappus of capillary bristles, white, 5mm long. Bristles antrorse barbellate. Achene green in flower, 2.2mm long, ribbed, glabrous.
Disk flowers - Disk corollas yellow, contracted and thin in the basal 2/3, expanded in the upper 1/3, 5mm long, 5-lobed, glabrous or with a few small hairs. Lobes acute, spreading, 1.1mm long. Stamens 5, adnate in the basal 1/3 of the corolla tube. Filaments glabrous, compressed, thin, glabrous, yellowish. Anthers yellow, 2.5mm long, connate around the style, partially to wholly exserted, acute at the apices. Style exserted, purplish, bifurcate for about 1mm. Stigmas erect (mostly). Pappus and achenes as the ray flowers.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, rocky open ground, thickets, borders of wet meadows.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species can be found throughout most of Missouri but is apparently absent in the southeast corner of the state. The plant is easy to identify in the field because of its big basal leaves and large, showy flowerheads. It has larger flowerheads than any other Solidago species in Missouri. This is a characteristic plant of prairies and is certainly worthy of cultivation as it is drought tolerant and requires little care.
Stems - To 1m tall, erect, herbaceous, fro a vertical caudex and slightly thickened roots, terete, glabrescent basally, hispidulous with multicellular hairs in the apical 1/2.
Leaves - Alternate, the basal and lower-most petiolate, sessile above. Petioles of the basal leaves to +20cm long, with a very narrow adaxial groove, mostly glabrous but with some hairs in the groove. Blades to +/-20cm long, +/-8cm broad, scabrous above and below, greyish because of dense hairs below, elliptic-lanceolate, shallow serrate, acute, tapering slightly at the base. Cauline leaves sessile, quickly reduced upward, shallow crenate-serrate, densely pubescent (with a greyish cast), scabrous, those in the middle of the stem oblanceolate. Leaves in the apical 1/3 of the stem reduced to bracts, ovate to orbicular.
Inflorescence - Terminal corymbiform arrangement of flowerheads. Peduncles densely hispidulous. Each division of the inflorescence subtended by a small foliaceous bract.
Involucre - To +8mm long (tall), 5mm in diameter, cylindric. Phyllaries imbricate, appressed, unequal, the longest to 6mm long, 2mm broad, rounded at the apex, greenish (mostly at the apex), scarious below, with a green midrib, glabrous internally and externally, with ciliolate margins, oblong.
Ray flowers - Flowers 8-10 per flowerhead, fertile, pistillate. Corolla tube 4mm long, glabrous, yellowish. Ligule 4mm long, 2mm broad, yellow, glabrous or with a few sparse hairs, rounded at the apex. Style purplish, glabrous, thin, 5mm long, bifurcate. Stigmas 1mm long. Pappus of capillary bristles, white, 5mm long. Bristles antrorse barbellate. Achene green in flower, 2.2mm long, ribbed, glabrous.
Disk flowers - Disk corollas yellow, contracted and thin in the basal 2/3, expanded in the upper 1/3, 5mm long, 5-lobed, glabrous or with a few small hairs. Lobes acute, spreading, 1.1mm long. Stamens 5, adnate in the basal 1/3 of the corolla tube. Filaments glabrous, compressed, thin, glabrous, yellowish. Anthers yellow, 2.5mm long, connate around the style, partially to wholly exserted, acute at the apices. Style exserted, purplish, bifurcate for about 1mm. Stigmas erect (mostly). Pappus and achenes as the ray flowers.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, rocky open ground, thickets, borders of wet meadows.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species can be found throughout most of Missouri but is apparently absent in the southeast corner of the state. The plant is easy to identify in the field because of its big basal leaves and large, showy flowerheads. It has larger flowerheads than any other Solidago species in Missouri. This is a characteristic plant of prairies and is certainly worthy of cultivation as it is drought tolerant and requires little care.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Orchidaceae
Stems - To +/-50cm tall, erect, herbaceous, simple, single or double from the base, glabrous, with vertical ridges formed by decurrent leaf and bract tissue, green.
Leaves - 2-5 per stem, sessile, sheathing, glabrous, entire, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute at apex, the largest with blades to +/-12cm long, +/-2cm broad, dull green above, slightly more shiny below. The midrib deeply impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal spike to +/-10cm long (tall). Axis glabrous. Each flower subtended by a lanceolate bract. Bracts shorter or longer than the flowers (depending on the variety), green, glabrous, entire.
Flowers - Sessile, green. Floral tube -1cm long, typically twisted, glabrous. Sepals 3, ovate to orbicular, glabrous, entire, to 4mm long, 3mm broad. The lateral two spreading. Petals yellow-green. The spur to 6mm long, slightly curved, glabrous. Lower lip blunt at the apex to very slightly emarginate, to +/-4mm long, 3mm broad, glabrous, with two small basal projections and a tubercle at the base adaxially. Lateral petals rounded to ovate or obovate, spreading, 3-4mm long and broad, glabrous. Column -2mm long and broad, facing forward. Pollinia 1.3mm long. Pollen white.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Mesic bottoms, mesic prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is relatively uncommon. The plant is fairly easy to identify because of its green flowers, which are spurred and have an undivided lower lip.
P. flava is commonly divided into two varieties. Both these varieties occur in Missouri but may be hard to differentiate. The varieties are differentiated on the basis of bract length on the inflorescence and also number of leaves per plant. The longer-bracted plants, var. herbiola (R. Br.) Luer are more common in Missouri than the shorter-bracted plants, var. flava.
Stems - To +/-50cm tall, erect, herbaceous, simple, single or double from the base, glabrous, with vertical ridges formed by decurrent leaf and bract tissue, green.
Leaves - 2-5 per stem, sessile, sheathing, glabrous, entire, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute at apex, the largest with blades to +/-12cm long, +/-2cm broad, dull green above, slightly more shiny below. The midrib deeply impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal spike to +/-10cm long (tall). Axis glabrous. Each flower subtended by a lanceolate bract. Bracts shorter or longer than the flowers (depending on the variety), green, glabrous, entire.
Flowers - Sessile, green. Floral tube -1cm long, typically twisted, glabrous. Sepals 3, ovate to orbicular, glabrous, entire, to 4mm long, 3mm broad. The lateral two spreading. Petals yellow-green. The spur to 6mm long, slightly curved, glabrous. Lower lip blunt at the apex to very slightly emarginate, to +/-4mm long, 3mm broad, glabrous, with two small basal projections and a tubercle at the base adaxially. Lateral petals rounded to ovate or obovate, spreading, 3-4mm long and broad, glabrous. Column -2mm long and broad, facing forward. Pollinia 1.3mm long. Pollen white.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Mesic bottoms, mesic prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is relatively uncommon. The plant is fairly easy to identify because of its green flowers, which are spurred and have an undivided lower lip.
P. flava is commonly divided into two varieties. Both these varieties occur in Missouri but may be hard to differentiate. The varieties are differentiated on the basis of bract length on the inflorescence and also number of leaves per plant. The longer-bracted plants, var. herbiola (R. Br.) Luer are more common in Missouri than the shorter-bracted plants, var. flava.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Euphorbiaceae
Stems - Woody, to +/-1.5m tall, erect, branching. Twigs ferruginous, with some long strigose hairs or glabrate, often with some vertical grooves, ribs, or angles.
Leaves - Alternate, short-petiolate to sub-sessile. Petioles to 2mm long, glabrous or with some hairs adaxially. Blades orbicular (more or less), entire, glabrous, deep green above, lighter below, +/-2.5cm long and broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary fascicles of few to many flowers. Fascicles subtended by ferruginous bracts. Bracts to 2mm long, .6mm broad (at the base), attenuate, ciliate-margined, with some hairs on both surfaces. Pedicels of flowers to 1.5cm long in pistillate flowers and shorter in staminate flowers, glabrous, thin.
Flowers - Staminate flowers with 4-5 petals and 4-5 sepals being similar, green, to 2mm long, 1.5mm broad, ovate to obovate, rounded at the apex. Sepals with some cilia on the margins. Petals and sepals mostly glabrous or with a few hairs externally. Stamens 5, erect, with green expanded nectaries at the base. The nectaries flattened, +/-1mm long. Filaments greenish, 1.5-2mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow to tan, .2-.3mm long. Styles 3, glabrous, greenish, 1.1-1.2mm long. Pistillate flowers with 5 sepals. Sepals accrescent, to 5mm long, 4mm broad, broadly obovate, glabrous, rounded at the apex. Capsule with the styles persistent and short. Styles bifurcate at the apex and reflexed, 1mm long, becoming purple, the stigmas recurved. Capsule to +/-7mm in diameter, 6-seeded, 6-valved, green, glabrous.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Gravel bars, limestone bluffs, knobs, glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This interesting species can be found in just a handful of southern Ozark counties. It is the only woody member of its family to be found in Missouri and is easy to identify because of its rounded leaves, small flowers, and habitat.
Steyermark wrote that perhaps this species was a relic from the time before the last Tertiary uplift which has survived because of adaptations to cold, drought, and exposure. The rest of the woody euphorbs are all tropical.
Stems - Woody, to +/-1.5m tall, erect, branching. Twigs ferruginous, with some long strigose hairs or glabrate, often with some vertical grooves, ribs, or angles.
Leaves - Alternate, short-petiolate to sub-sessile. Petioles to 2mm long, glabrous or with some hairs adaxially. Blades orbicular (more or less), entire, glabrous, deep green above, lighter below, +/-2.5cm long and broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary fascicles of few to many flowers. Fascicles subtended by ferruginous bracts. Bracts to 2mm long, .6mm broad (at the base), attenuate, ciliate-margined, with some hairs on both surfaces. Pedicels of flowers to 1.5cm long in pistillate flowers and shorter in staminate flowers, glabrous, thin.
Flowers - Staminate flowers with 4-5 petals and 4-5 sepals being similar, green, to 2mm long, 1.5mm broad, ovate to obovate, rounded at the apex. Sepals with some cilia on the margins. Petals and sepals mostly glabrous or with a few hairs externally. Stamens 5, erect, with green expanded nectaries at the base. The nectaries flattened, +/-1mm long. Filaments greenish, 1.5-2mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow to tan, .2-.3mm long. Styles 3, glabrous, greenish, 1.1-1.2mm long. Pistillate flowers with 5 sepals. Sepals accrescent, to 5mm long, 4mm broad, broadly obovate, glabrous, rounded at the apex. Capsule with the styles persistent and short. Styles bifurcate at the apex and reflexed, 1mm long, becoming purple, the stigmas recurved. Capsule to +/-7mm in diameter, 6-seeded, 6-valved, green, glabrous.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Gravel bars, limestone bluffs, knobs, glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This interesting species can be found in just a handful of southern Ozark counties. It is the only woody member of its family to be found in Missouri and is easy to identify because of its rounded leaves, small flowers, and habitat.
Steyermark wrote that perhaps this species was a relic from the time before the last Tertiary uplift which has survived because of adaptations to cold, drought, and exposure. The rest of the woody euphorbs are all tropical.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Euphorbiaceae
Stems - From a single taproot, erect, branching, herbaceous, often purplish with green vertical striations, glandular pubescent and with vertical lines of tomentoulose hairs extending downward from the leaf petiole bases, to 40cm tall.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-4cm long, puberulent and with some glandular pubescence near the apex, often reddish near the apex. Blades cordate at the base, ovate, acute at the apex, evenly serrate, to +5cm long, 3cm broad, sparse pubescent above and below. Blades appear peltate because of the strongly cordate base.
Inflorescence - Staminate inflorescences axillary, short pedunculate, cylindric, to +/-1cm long. Peduncles tomentose, 3mm long. Flowers dense, with a glabrous pedicel to .3mm long. Pistillate inflorescence terminal, cylindric, sessile, to +/-1.5cm long in flower, quickly elongating in fruit. Flowers dense, sessile. Each pistillate flower subtended by a sessile bract to 1.5mm broad. Bracts 10-lobed (or 5-lobed and the lobes divided), green. Lobes of the bracts linear, .6-.7mm long, aristate. Base of the bracts strigose.
Flowers - Staminate flowers with 4 translucent to green sepals. Sepals ovate, .4mm long, acute, often with some red tinge. Pistillate flowers with 3 styles. Styles deeply divided into long-attenuate to hairlike divisions to 3mm long. The divisions whitened in the apical 1/2. Ovary green, globose, 1mm in diameter in flower, with green papillae on the surface.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Moist open ground, fallow ground, cultivated areas, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This weedy species can be found in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to identify because of its cordate leaves, which appear peltate, and its terminal spike of pistillate flowers.
In cultivated areas and disturbed sites the plant can form large colonies.
Stems - From a single taproot, erect, branching, herbaceous, often purplish with green vertical striations, glandular pubescent and with vertical lines of tomentoulose hairs extending downward from the leaf petiole bases, to 40cm tall.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-4cm long, puberulent and with some glandular pubescence near the apex, often reddish near the apex. Blades cordate at the base, ovate, acute at the apex, evenly serrate, to +5cm long, 3cm broad, sparse pubescent above and below. Blades appear peltate because of the strongly cordate base.
Inflorescence - Staminate inflorescences axillary, short pedunculate, cylindric, to +/-1cm long. Peduncles tomentose, 3mm long. Flowers dense, with a glabrous pedicel to .3mm long. Pistillate inflorescence terminal, cylindric, sessile, to +/-1.5cm long in flower, quickly elongating in fruit. Flowers dense, sessile. Each pistillate flower subtended by a sessile bract to 1.5mm broad. Bracts 10-lobed (or 5-lobed and the lobes divided), green. Lobes of the bracts linear, .6-.7mm long, aristate. Base of the bracts strigose.
Flowers - Staminate flowers with 4 translucent to green sepals. Sepals ovate, .4mm long, acute, often with some red tinge. Pistillate flowers with 3 styles. Styles deeply divided into long-attenuate to hairlike divisions to 3mm long. The divisions whitened in the apical 1/2. Ovary green, globose, 1mm in diameter in flower, with green papillae on the surface.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Moist open ground, fallow ground, cultivated areas, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This weedy species can be found in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to identify because of its cordate leaves, which appear peltate, and its terminal spike of pistillate flowers.
In cultivated areas and disturbed sites the plant can form large colonies.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To -1m tall, erect, single from base but branching in upper half, densely pilose with long and short hairs(short hairs often glandular and viscid), herbaceous, with light green vertical lines, from thin branching taproot or fibrous roots.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, oblong to oblong-linear, pilose, entire (lower leaves sometimes dentate), to +4cm long, -1cm broad, acute to mucronate, dense on stem.
Inflorescence - Loose clusters of terminal flower heads. Each flower head long pedunculate.
Involucre - To 7mm tall(long), 6.5mm in diameter. Phyllaries imbricate, pilose externally, glabrous internally, linear, the longest to 6mm, with scarious margins.
Ray flowers - Fertile, pistillate. Ligules yellow, 8mm long, 2.2mm broad, glabrous. Tube pubescent. Achenes (in flower) pubescent, 1.1mm long, compressed. Pappus of outer series of scales to 1mm long and inner series of capillary bristles to 5mm long.
Disk flowers - Disk 5-6mm in diameter. Corolla tubes to 3mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, .5mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube, included. Anthers yellow, connate around style, 2mm long. Style bifurcate. Stigmas barbellate. Achenes (in flower) pubescent, ovoid and compressed, 2mm long. Pappus same as in ray flowers. Fruiting head brownish-tan and globose. Fruiting achenes 10-nerved.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Rocky dry prairies, fields, glades, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the southern Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field. The pilose stems and bright golden flowers are good characteristics to look for. The species is sometimes used in native landscaping and deserves more attention in cultivation.
Stems - To -1m tall, erect, single from base but branching in upper half, densely pilose with long and short hairs(short hairs often glandular and viscid), herbaceous, with light green vertical lines, from thin branching taproot or fibrous roots.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, oblong to oblong-linear, pilose, entire (lower leaves sometimes dentate), to +4cm long, -1cm broad, acute to mucronate, dense on stem.
Inflorescence - Loose clusters of terminal flower heads. Each flower head long pedunculate.
Involucre - To 7mm tall(long), 6.5mm in diameter. Phyllaries imbricate, pilose externally, glabrous internally, linear, the longest to 6mm, with scarious margins.
Ray flowers - Fertile, pistillate. Ligules yellow, 8mm long, 2.2mm broad, glabrous. Tube pubescent. Achenes (in flower) pubescent, 1.1mm long, compressed. Pappus of outer series of scales to 1mm long and inner series of capillary bristles to 5mm long.
Disk flowers - Disk 5-6mm in diameter. Corolla tubes to 3mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, .5mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube, included. Anthers yellow, connate around style, 2mm long. Style bifurcate. Stigmas barbellate. Achenes (in flower) pubescent, ovoid and compressed, 2mm long. Pappus same as in ray flowers. Fruiting head brownish-tan and globose. Fruiting achenes 10-nerved.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Rocky dry prairies, fields, glades, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the southern Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field. The pilose stems and bright golden flowers are good characteristics to look for. The species is sometimes used in native landscaping and deserves more attention in cultivation.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, herbaceous, multiple from base, branching above, sub-tomentose, producing stolons. Vascular tissue of stem appearing as parallel vertical lines on stem. Stems fragrant if crushed.
Leaves - Alternate, mostly sessile, sparse lanate and hispidulous on upper surface, sparse lanate below, deeply pinnatifid (the main divisions again pinnately lobed). Ultimate divisions toothed and mucronate (at least on the lower leaves). Lower leaves to +/-7cm long, 3cm broad. Upper leaves shorter but slightly more broad. All leaves fragrant when crushed.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating stem.
Involucre - Broad, flattish, 1.8cm in diameter. Phyllaries imbricate, 4-5mm long, 1.4mm broad, green with scarious margins, sparse lanate externally mostly near apex. Apices sometimes appearing lacerate.
Ray flowers - Ligules to 1.2cm long, 4-5mm broad, glabrous, truncate to emarginate at apex. Flowers fertile. Pappus none. Achene 2mm long (in flower), flattened to 4-angled.
Disk flowers - Disk to 2.2cm broad and dome shaped when mature. Corolla 5-lobed, yellow. Tube to 3mm long, glabrous. Flowers fertile. Pappus none. Achene 2mm long (in flower), grayish-white, slightly 4-angled. Chaff of receptacle to 6mm long, flattened and scarious below in lower half, tapering to a terete-pointed yellow apex.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Waste ground, fields, moist woods, also cultivated.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This is just one of the genus Anthemis that is recognized as "Chamomile" that people like to grow and brew for tea and other uses. The plant is not that common in the wilds of Missouri but is cultivated fairly regularly. The stems of the plant begin to lean as the plant gets to tall.
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, herbaceous, multiple from base, branching above, sub-tomentose, producing stolons. Vascular tissue of stem appearing as parallel vertical lines on stem. Stems fragrant if crushed.
Leaves - Alternate, mostly sessile, sparse lanate and hispidulous on upper surface, sparse lanate below, deeply pinnatifid (the main divisions again pinnately lobed). Ultimate divisions toothed and mucronate (at least on the lower leaves). Lower leaves to +/-7cm long, 3cm broad. Upper leaves shorter but slightly more broad. All leaves fragrant when crushed.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating stem.
Involucre - Broad, flattish, 1.8cm in diameter. Phyllaries imbricate, 4-5mm long, 1.4mm broad, green with scarious margins, sparse lanate externally mostly near apex. Apices sometimes appearing lacerate.
Ray flowers - Ligules to 1.2cm long, 4-5mm broad, glabrous, truncate to emarginate at apex. Flowers fertile. Pappus none. Achene 2mm long (in flower), flattened to 4-angled.
Disk flowers - Disk to 2.2cm broad and dome shaped when mature. Corolla 5-lobed, yellow. Tube to 3mm long, glabrous. Flowers fertile. Pappus none. Achene 2mm long (in flower), grayish-white, slightly 4-angled. Chaff of receptacle to 6mm long, flattened and scarious below in lower half, tapering to a terete-pointed yellow apex.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Waste ground, fields, moist woods, also cultivated.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This is just one of the genus Anthemis that is recognized as "Chamomile" that people like to grow and brew for tea and other uses. The plant is not that common in the wilds of Missouri but is cultivated fairly regularly. The stems of the plant begin to lean as the plant gets to tall.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Plant acaulescent. Leaves and flowering stems from a big vertical taproot, with milky sap. Taproot woody.
Leaves - Leaves in a basal rosette, sessile, linear-attenuate, white at the partially sheathing base, mainly dark green with an adaxial white strip along the midrib, to 20cm long, 1.5cm broad at the base, typically folded. Margins entire, often sinuous, fringed with dense white hairs. Abaxial surface of the leaf with long whitish pubescence on the veins. Adaxial surface with lanate-tomentose pubescence on the midvein. The hairs of the plant multicellular.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating the flowering scape, typically one per plant. Scape (peduncle) to +/-15cm tall, lanate-tomentose, fistulose, carinate, appearing gray because of the pubescence.
Involucre - Phyllaries imbricate or overlapping but subequal in length, spreading at the apices, to -2cm long, 5-6mm broad, lanceolate, acuminate, light green with a brown mid-portion, glabrous. Inner phyllaries slightly smaller than the outer.
Ray flowers - Flower head to 5cm broad. Flowers many per head. Corolla tube whitish, densely antrorse pubescent externally, 1cm long. Ligule yellow adaxially, with a brown mid-stripe abaxially, 4-5-notched at the apex (the teeth to .75mm long), pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, to 2cm long, 5mm broad. Stamens 5, adnate near the apex of the corolla tube. Filaments translucent-yellow, 2mm long, glabrous. Anthers orange, exserted, to +5mm long, connate around the style. Style yellow, antrorse pubescent, bifurcate at the apex for 1-2mm (the ends spreading). Achenes (in flower) green, glabrous, ribbed, 1.5mm long, cylindric. Pappus of white capillary bristles to +1cm long. The bristles antrorse barbellate. Receptacle flat.
Disk flowers - Absent.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Glades and rocky prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is one of the most uncommon plants in Missouri only being found in 4 counties thus far. It is locally abundant in some areas, however. The plant is easy to identify in the field because of its habitat, dandelion-like flower heads, and grayish hairy leaves and scapes. The big taproot helps the plant to survive in its harsh glade habitat.
Stems - Plant acaulescent. Leaves and flowering stems from a big vertical taproot, with milky sap. Taproot woody.
Leaves - Leaves in a basal rosette, sessile, linear-attenuate, white at the partially sheathing base, mainly dark green with an adaxial white strip along the midrib, to 20cm long, 1.5cm broad at the base, typically folded. Margins entire, often sinuous, fringed with dense white hairs. Abaxial surface of the leaf with long whitish pubescence on the veins. Adaxial surface with lanate-tomentose pubescence on the midvein. The hairs of the plant multicellular.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating the flowering scape, typically one per plant. Scape (peduncle) to +/-15cm tall, lanate-tomentose, fistulose, carinate, appearing gray because of the pubescence.
Involucre - Phyllaries imbricate or overlapping but subequal in length, spreading at the apices, to -2cm long, 5-6mm broad, lanceolate, acuminate, light green with a brown mid-portion, glabrous. Inner phyllaries slightly smaller than the outer.
Ray flowers - Flower head to 5cm broad. Flowers many per head. Corolla tube whitish, densely antrorse pubescent externally, 1cm long. Ligule yellow adaxially, with a brown mid-stripe abaxially, 4-5-notched at the apex (the teeth to .75mm long), pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, to 2cm long, 5mm broad. Stamens 5, adnate near the apex of the corolla tube. Filaments translucent-yellow, 2mm long, glabrous. Anthers orange, exserted, to +5mm long, connate around the style. Style yellow, antrorse pubescent, bifurcate at the apex for 1-2mm (the ends spreading). Achenes (in flower) green, glabrous, ribbed, 1.5mm long, cylindric. Pappus of white capillary bristles to +1cm long. The bristles antrorse barbellate. Receptacle flat.
Disk flowers - Absent.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Glades and rocky prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is one of the most uncommon plants in Missouri only being found in 4 counties thus far. It is locally abundant in some areas, however. The plant is easy to identify in the field because of its habitat, dandelion-like flower heads, and grayish hairy leaves and scapes. The big taproot helps the plant to survive in its harsh glade habitat.
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