文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Primulaceae
Stems - Repent, tp +40cm long (and sometimes much longer), herbaceous, multiple from the base, typically simple, with 4 wings from deccurent leaf tissue. Wings to .7mm broad, forming vertical grooves along the sides of the stems.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +/-5mm long, glabrous, with a wide and shallow adaxial groove. Blades orbicular, to +/-2.5cm in diameter, glabrous, entire, somewhat cordate at the base, dark green above, lighter green below. Veins of the leaves impressed above, expressed below.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers. Peduncles to +/-2cm long, erect, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals typically 5 (sometimes 6), united at the very base and forming a small corolla tube. Tube to 1mm long. Free portion of petals glabrous, yellow, to +1.4cm long, 5-7mm broad, rounded at the apex, oblong-elliptic. Stamens 5(6), adnate at the base of the petals, erect, united at the base. Filaments yellow, broadest at the base and tapering to the apex, glandular puberulent, to 5mm long. Anthers yellow, to 2mm long. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, globose, 1.2mm in diameter. Style green, glabrous, 5mm long. Stigma small, purplish. Sepals 5(6), green, spreading, with the margins slightly revolute in the basal 1/2, ovate-lanceolate, acute to acuminate at the apex, to +/-7mm long, +/-5mm broad, glabrous.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Streambanks, bottoms, ditches, roadsides. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This weedy yet attractive species can be found scattered throughout most of Missouri. The plant is an escape from lawns and gardens and is now well established in this state. Plants seldom flower, which is why I do not show flowers in the whole plant pic above, but rather spread by creeping stems which root at the nodes and create large mats if left unchecked. Steyermark mentions that the plant makes a good ground cover for shaded, moist areas.
This species can be easily identified by its creeping stems and opposite orbicular leaves.
Stems - Repent, tp +40cm long (and sometimes much longer), herbaceous, multiple from the base, typically simple, with 4 wings from deccurent leaf tissue. Wings to .7mm broad, forming vertical grooves along the sides of the stems.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +/-5mm long, glabrous, with a wide and shallow adaxial groove. Blades orbicular, to +/-2.5cm in diameter, glabrous, entire, somewhat cordate at the base, dark green above, lighter green below. Veins of the leaves impressed above, expressed below.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers. Peduncles to +/-2cm long, erect, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals typically 5 (sometimes 6), united at the very base and forming a small corolla tube. Tube to 1mm long. Free portion of petals glabrous, yellow, to +1.4cm long, 5-7mm broad, rounded at the apex, oblong-elliptic. Stamens 5(6), adnate at the base of the petals, erect, united at the base. Filaments yellow, broadest at the base and tapering to the apex, glandular puberulent, to 5mm long. Anthers yellow, to 2mm long. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, globose, 1.2mm in diameter. Style green, glabrous, 5mm long. Stigma small, purplish. Sepals 5(6), green, spreading, with the margins slightly revolute in the basal 1/2, ovate-lanceolate, acute to acuminate at the apex, to +/-7mm long, +/-5mm broad, glabrous.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Streambanks, bottoms, ditches, roadsides. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This weedy yet attractive species can be found scattered throughout most of Missouri. The plant is an escape from lawns and gardens and is now well established in this state. Plants seldom flower, which is why I do not show flowers in the whole plant pic above, but rather spread by creeping stems which root at the nodes and create large mats if left unchecked. Steyermark mentions that the plant makes a good ground cover for shaded, moist areas.
This species can be easily identified by its creeping stems and opposite orbicular leaves.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To 1.5m tall, branching, herbaceous, erect (reclining with age), with scattered appressed antrorse pubescence but pubescence mostly in two opposing vertical lines, scabrous, from caudex.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petiole to 3cm long, dense antrorse pubescent. Blade to +/-11cm long, +/-6cm broad, ovate to lanceolate, acute to acuminate, serrate, scabrous and deep dull green above, pubescent below.
Inflorescence - Single flower heads terminating stems. Peduncles long, to +20cm, expanded and hollow just below involucre.
Involucre - +/-7mm tall, 12mm in diameter, cylindric. Phyllaries in 2(3) series. Outer phyllaries longer, to 1.4cm long, 3mm broad, slightly expanded at base, densely appressed pubescent, often recurved. Inner phyllaries broader but shorter than outer phyllaries, densely appressed pubescent, reduced inward.
Ray flowers - Typically fertile, 10-16 in number. Ligule yellow to yellow-orange, to +/-3cm long, oblong-elliptic, notched at apex(2-3). Achene reddish-purple, 3-angled, sparse pubescent, +3mm long in flower. Pappus absent.
Disk flowers - Disk to 1.5cm broad. Flowers fertile. Corolla orange, 5-lobed. Corolla tube to 5mm long. Achenes smaller than in ray flowers but otherwise similar. Pappus absent. Receptacle conic. Chaff to 6mm long, folded around flowers.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, thickets, prairies, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is found throughout Missouri and is quite common. The plant is easy to identify because of its orangish ray and disk flowers and its conical disk. H. helianthoides has a longer blooming period than probably any other aster in Missouri and should be cultivated more.
Steyermark lists two varieties of the plant based on leaf and disk size but these integrade and may not be valid, so I won't mention them here.
Stems - To 1.5m tall, branching, herbaceous, erect (reclining with age), with scattered appressed antrorse pubescence but pubescence mostly in two opposing vertical lines, scabrous, from caudex.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petiole to 3cm long, dense antrorse pubescent. Blade to +/-11cm long, +/-6cm broad, ovate to lanceolate, acute to acuminate, serrate, scabrous and deep dull green above, pubescent below.
Inflorescence - Single flower heads terminating stems. Peduncles long, to +20cm, expanded and hollow just below involucre.
Involucre - +/-7mm tall, 12mm in diameter, cylindric. Phyllaries in 2(3) series. Outer phyllaries longer, to 1.4cm long, 3mm broad, slightly expanded at base, densely appressed pubescent, often recurved. Inner phyllaries broader but shorter than outer phyllaries, densely appressed pubescent, reduced inward.
Ray flowers - Typically fertile, 10-16 in number. Ligule yellow to yellow-orange, to +/-3cm long, oblong-elliptic, notched at apex(2-3). Achene reddish-purple, 3-angled, sparse pubescent, +3mm long in flower. Pappus absent.
Disk flowers - Disk to 1.5cm broad. Flowers fertile. Corolla orange, 5-lobed. Corolla tube to 5mm long. Achenes smaller than in ray flowers but otherwise similar. Pappus absent. Receptacle conic. Chaff to 6mm long, folded around flowers.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, thickets, prairies, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is found throughout Missouri and is quite common. The plant is easy to identify because of its orangish ray and disk flowers and its conical disk. H. helianthoides has a longer blooming period than probably any other aster in Missouri and should be cultivated more.
Steyermark lists two varieties of the plant based on leaf and disk size but these integrade and may not be valid, so I won't mention them here.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Annual from a big taproot, multiple from the base, erect to ascending, herbaceous, appressed pubescent, green to reddish with vertical colored lines, much-branched, to 30cm tall (long).
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, distichous, to +/-3.5cm long, +/-1.5cm broad, deeply pinnatifid, glabrous, with scattered tannish-red glands. Divisions of the leaves linear, with a few coarse serrate teeth on the margins, often slightly folded (conduplicate) in strong sun.
Inflorescence - Short-pedunculate flower heads from the leaf axils. The peduncles with reduced leaves at the base, 3-8mm long, appressed pubescent, expanded towards the apex.
Involucre - Biseriate, 7-10mm long, 5-7mm broad. Outer series loose, of linear phyllaries. The phyllaries spreading at the apex, glabrous but with ciliolate margins (at least in the middle or basal half), +/-7mm long, 1.5mm broad at the base, with scattered glands. Phyllaries of the inner series larger than those of the outer, +/-8mm long, 2-3mm broad, glabrous, with many glands, sub-acute at the apex, oblong-linear.
Ray flowers - Flowers pistillate and fertile, +/-8 per head. Ligule short, 1mm long, -1mm broad, notched at the apex, glabrous. Corolla tube +/-3mm long, with antrorse pubescence, white in the basal 2/3, yellow above. Style translucent below, glabrous, bifurcate at the apex. Stigmas yellow, .6-.8mm long, recurved, glabrous. Pappus of multiple +/-10 laciniate awns. Awns 2-2.8mm long, purplish at the tips, whitish below. Achenes black, +/-3mm long, -1mm broad, sparse sericeous to glabrous.
Disk flowers - Flowers +/-20 per head, fertile. Corolla tube +3mm long, pubescent as the ray flowers, colored as the ray flowers, 5-lobed. Lobes small, .3mm long, .2mm broad, erect to slightly spreading, glabrous, acute. Stamens 5, included, adnate near the base of the corolla tube. Filaments greenish-translucent, 1-1.5mm long. Anthers yellow, connate around the style, 1-1.3mm long. Style included, +/-2mm long, glabrous, greenish-translucent in the basal 2/3, yellowish above. Stigma bifurcate, barely exserted beyond the anthers, included in the corolla tube, yellowish-purple at the apex. Stigmas .5-.6mm long, erect to slightly spreading. Pappus and achenes as with the ray flowers. Receptacle flattish, with no large chaff.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Dry fields, pastures, loess hills, prairies, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is most common in the northern portion of the state. The plant is easy to identify becasue of its small size, opposite, divided leaves, and incredible aroma. The glands of the plant are filled with a watery liquid that has a distinctive smell and is unmistakable.
D. papposa is most commonly found in disturbed and waste ground and appears as a weedy, exotic species.
Stems - Annual from a big taproot, multiple from the base, erect to ascending, herbaceous, appressed pubescent, green to reddish with vertical colored lines, much-branched, to 30cm tall (long).
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, distichous, to +/-3.5cm long, +/-1.5cm broad, deeply pinnatifid, glabrous, with scattered tannish-red glands. Divisions of the leaves linear, with a few coarse serrate teeth on the margins, often slightly folded (conduplicate) in strong sun.
Inflorescence - Short-pedunculate flower heads from the leaf axils. The peduncles with reduced leaves at the base, 3-8mm long, appressed pubescent, expanded towards the apex.
Involucre - Biseriate, 7-10mm long, 5-7mm broad. Outer series loose, of linear phyllaries. The phyllaries spreading at the apex, glabrous but with ciliolate margins (at least in the middle or basal half), +/-7mm long, 1.5mm broad at the base, with scattered glands. Phyllaries of the inner series larger than those of the outer, +/-8mm long, 2-3mm broad, glabrous, with many glands, sub-acute at the apex, oblong-linear.
Ray flowers - Flowers pistillate and fertile, +/-8 per head. Ligule short, 1mm long, -1mm broad, notched at the apex, glabrous. Corolla tube +/-3mm long, with antrorse pubescence, white in the basal 2/3, yellow above. Style translucent below, glabrous, bifurcate at the apex. Stigmas yellow, .6-.8mm long, recurved, glabrous. Pappus of multiple +/-10 laciniate awns. Awns 2-2.8mm long, purplish at the tips, whitish below. Achenes black, +/-3mm long, -1mm broad, sparse sericeous to glabrous.
Disk flowers - Flowers +/-20 per head, fertile. Corolla tube +3mm long, pubescent as the ray flowers, colored as the ray flowers, 5-lobed. Lobes small, .3mm long, .2mm broad, erect to slightly spreading, glabrous, acute. Stamens 5, included, adnate near the base of the corolla tube. Filaments greenish-translucent, 1-1.5mm long. Anthers yellow, connate around the style, 1-1.3mm long. Style included, +/-2mm long, glabrous, greenish-translucent in the basal 2/3, yellowish above. Stigma bifurcate, barely exserted beyond the anthers, included in the corolla tube, yellowish-purple at the apex. Stigmas .5-.6mm long, erect to slightly spreading. Pappus and achenes as with the ray flowers. Receptacle flattish, with no large chaff.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Dry fields, pastures, loess hills, prairies, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is most common in the northern portion of the state. The plant is easy to identify becasue of its small size, opposite, divided leaves, and incredible aroma. The glands of the plant are filled with a watery liquid that has a distinctive smell and is unmistakable.
D. papposa is most commonly found in disturbed and waste ground and appears as a weedy, exotic species.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - From a small crown and rhizomes, single or multiple from the base, herbaceous, erect, to -1m tall, simple to branching, green with light green vertical striations, somewhat carinate or not, somewhat angled in the upper 1/2, mostly glabrous or with a few hairs at the nodes, +/-3mm in diameter.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, decussate, 3-5-lobed in the apical 1/2, shaped like a turkey foot, deep green above and below, sometimes with light green around the midvein abaxially, to +/-6cm long, antrorse strigillose above and below and on margins. Lobes 3-6mm broad, entire, typically with a minute whitish tip (use a lens to see). The central lobe typically longer than the lateral lobes. All the main veins of the leaf coming from the very base of the leaf. Leaves reduced to bracts in the inflorescence.
Inflorescence - Single pedunculate flower head terminating each stem. Some flowers axillary from the upper leaf axils. Peduncle typically naked, glabrous, slightly expanded just below the involucre.
Involucre - Biseriate. Outer series of +/-12 phyllaries. Phyllaries subulate-linear, entire, ascending, 6-7mm long, 2mm broad, rounded at the apex, with sparse strigose-ciliate margins. Inner phyllaries yellow-brown, bent outward in the apical 1/3, glabrous, 4-5mm broad, 7-9mm long, oblanceolate to spatulate, rounded to subacute at apex, with brown vertical striations, green at base.
Ray flowers - Sterile, 8-10 per flower head. Ligule yellow, 2-3cm long, +/-1cm broad, mostly glabrous or with a few hairs on the veins below, with 2 impressed veins near the base, 3-toothed at the apex, elliptic-oblong. Corolla tube greenish, +/-3mm long, with sparse multicellular trichomes. The trichomes pilosulous. Achenes compressed, brown at maturity, glabrous, with scarious margins, truncate apically and basally, to 5mm long. Pappus none.
Disk flowers - Disk -1cm broad. Corolla tube 5mm long, yellow, 5-lobed, constricted at the base and opaque, expanded in the apical 1/2 and translucent yellow, with a few multicellular trichomes at the apex of the constriction. Apical 1/2 with 5 brown vertical nerves. Lobes erect, acute, -1mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the expanded portion of the corolla tube. Filaments yellow, glabrous, +2mm long, with a visible midvein, slightly compressed. Anthers brown-purple, 2-2.2mm long, partially exserted, connate around the style. Style bifurcate, exserted beyond the anthers, yellow in the apical 1/2, white basally, glabrous. Stigmas short, yellow, broadly lanceolate, +/-1mm long. Achenes as in the ray flowers but often thinner. Pappus none. Receptacle flat. Chaff linear, translucent, 7-9mm long, with brown vertical striations, slightly expanded at the apex, .3mm broad or less.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, fallow fields, rocky open woods, thickets, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species is a common roadside plant in the Ozarks in early summer. It is usually on of the first members of its genus to bloom. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its parted, opposite leaves. It would make an easy garden subject and should be cultivated more.
Stems - From a small crown and rhizomes, single or multiple from the base, herbaceous, erect, to -1m tall, simple to branching, green with light green vertical striations, somewhat carinate or not, somewhat angled in the upper 1/2, mostly glabrous or with a few hairs at the nodes, +/-3mm in diameter.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, decussate, 3-5-lobed in the apical 1/2, shaped like a turkey foot, deep green above and below, sometimes with light green around the midvein abaxially, to +/-6cm long, antrorse strigillose above and below and on margins. Lobes 3-6mm broad, entire, typically with a minute whitish tip (use a lens to see). The central lobe typically longer than the lateral lobes. All the main veins of the leaf coming from the very base of the leaf. Leaves reduced to bracts in the inflorescence.
Inflorescence - Single pedunculate flower head terminating each stem. Some flowers axillary from the upper leaf axils. Peduncle typically naked, glabrous, slightly expanded just below the involucre.
Involucre - Biseriate. Outer series of +/-12 phyllaries. Phyllaries subulate-linear, entire, ascending, 6-7mm long, 2mm broad, rounded at the apex, with sparse strigose-ciliate margins. Inner phyllaries yellow-brown, bent outward in the apical 1/3, glabrous, 4-5mm broad, 7-9mm long, oblanceolate to spatulate, rounded to subacute at apex, with brown vertical striations, green at base.
Ray flowers - Sterile, 8-10 per flower head. Ligule yellow, 2-3cm long, +/-1cm broad, mostly glabrous or with a few hairs on the veins below, with 2 impressed veins near the base, 3-toothed at the apex, elliptic-oblong. Corolla tube greenish, +/-3mm long, with sparse multicellular trichomes. The trichomes pilosulous. Achenes compressed, brown at maturity, glabrous, with scarious margins, truncate apically and basally, to 5mm long. Pappus none.
Disk flowers - Disk -1cm broad. Corolla tube 5mm long, yellow, 5-lobed, constricted at the base and opaque, expanded in the apical 1/2 and translucent yellow, with a few multicellular trichomes at the apex of the constriction. Apical 1/2 with 5 brown vertical nerves. Lobes erect, acute, -1mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the expanded portion of the corolla tube. Filaments yellow, glabrous, +2mm long, with a visible midvein, slightly compressed. Anthers brown-purple, 2-2.2mm long, partially exserted, connate around the style. Style bifurcate, exserted beyond the anthers, yellow in the apical 1/2, white basally, glabrous. Stigmas short, yellow, broadly lanceolate, +/-1mm long. Achenes as in the ray flowers but often thinner. Pappus none. Receptacle flat. Chaff linear, translucent, 7-9mm long, with brown vertical striations, slightly expanded at the apex, .3mm broad or less.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, fallow fields, rocky open woods, thickets, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species is a common roadside plant in the Ozarks in early summer. It is usually on of the first members of its genus to bloom. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its parted, opposite leaves. It would make an easy garden subject and should be cultivated more.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Multiple from base, herbaceous, branching, erect or reclining, with vertical striations, glabrous to villous, fistulose.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, linear oblong to oblanceolate, often with two or four pinnate lobes, to +10cm long, +2cm broad, acute, entire, scabrous (hairs with swollen bases) or glabrous, with a single prominent midrib. Margins with minute antrorse prickles. The leaves mostly in the basal 1/2 of the plant.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating a long naked peduncle. Peduncle to -30cm long.
Involucre. - Involucre of two series (biseriate). Outer phyllaries 8, 5mm long, 2mm broad, with scarious margins, glabrous, green, spreading or slightly erect, expanding in fruit. Inner phyllaries to 1.2cm long, green at base, yellow and translucent at apex, bent at midpoint and the apices spreading, glabrous, acute, to 5mm broad.
Ray flowers - Ligule yellow, +/-2.5cm long, 1.2cm broad, glabrous, 4-lobed near apex. Flowers sterile. Achenes 4mm long in flower, 1mm broad, flattened, greenish. Pappus of two marginal scale-like awns.
Disk flowers - Disk 9mm broad in flower. Flowers yellow, 5-lobed, fertile. Corolla tube to 3mm long, glabrous. Achenes flattened, 1.2mm long in flower, with 2 small awns. Achenes brown, 3mm long, to 1.9mm broad in fruit. Awns deciduous in fruit. Receptacle convex. Chaff to 9mm long, white and flat at the base, filiform and yellow at the apex, well exceeding the disk flowers.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Rocky prairies, glades, bluffs, sandy open ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found mainly in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its undivided, opposite leaves and big yellow flower heads. This plant does well in cultivation and makes a good garden specimen.
Steyermark breaks the species up into 2 varieties. Variety lanceolata has stems and leaves that are mostly glabrous. Variety villosa Michx. has leaves and stems which are pubescent. Both varieties are equally distributed in the plants habitat.
Stems - Multiple from base, herbaceous, branching, erect or reclining, with vertical striations, glabrous to villous, fistulose.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, linear oblong to oblanceolate, often with two or four pinnate lobes, to +10cm long, +2cm broad, acute, entire, scabrous (hairs with swollen bases) or glabrous, with a single prominent midrib. Margins with minute antrorse prickles. The leaves mostly in the basal 1/2 of the plant.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating a long naked peduncle. Peduncle to -30cm long.
Involucre. - Involucre of two series (biseriate). Outer phyllaries 8, 5mm long, 2mm broad, with scarious margins, glabrous, green, spreading or slightly erect, expanding in fruit. Inner phyllaries to 1.2cm long, green at base, yellow and translucent at apex, bent at midpoint and the apices spreading, glabrous, acute, to 5mm broad.
Ray flowers - Ligule yellow, +/-2.5cm long, 1.2cm broad, glabrous, 4-lobed near apex. Flowers sterile. Achenes 4mm long in flower, 1mm broad, flattened, greenish. Pappus of two marginal scale-like awns.
Disk flowers - Disk 9mm broad in flower. Flowers yellow, 5-lobed, fertile. Corolla tube to 3mm long, glabrous. Achenes flattened, 1.2mm long in flower, with 2 small awns. Achenes brown, 3mm long, to 1.9mm broad in fruit. Awns deciduous in fruit. Receptacle convex. Chaff to 9mm long, white and flat at the base, filiform and yellow at the apex, well exceeding the disk flowers.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Rocky prairies, glades, bluffs, sandy open ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found mainly in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its undivided, opposite leaves and big yellow flower heads. This plant does well in cultivation and makes a good garden specimen.
Steyermark breaks the species up into 2 varieties. Variety lanceolata has stems and leaves that are mostly glabrous. Variety villosa Michx. has leaves and stems which are pubescent. Both varieties are equally distributed in the plants habitat.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月29日
Family - Violaceae
Stems - A stout, thick, elongated caudex.
Leaves - Alternate, arising from ground level. Petioles to 12cm long, glabrous or with some pubescence near base of blade, with single vertical groove running the length of the petiole. Blade to +4cm broad, +3.5cm long, cordate at base, crenate to serrate, glabrous. Lower leaves typically reniform. Upper leaves with a pointed apex, ovate to deltoid.
Inflorescence - Single flowers arising from the base of plant. Peduncles glabrous, to +15cm long, curved at apex, with a pair of small bracts about in the middle of the peduncle. In early spring the flowers much exceed the leaves. Later, the leaves exceed the flowers.
Flowers - Corolla variable in color from deep violet to white and nearly all shades between, to 4cm broad and long, zygomorphic. Petals 5. Lateral petals bearded near "throat" of corolla. Lower petal saccate at base, with dark striping and fading to a dull yellow at base. Stamens 5, connate around ovary, two lowest with nectaries. Style deltoid at apex. Sepals 5, 8-9mm long, 3-4mm broad, lanceolate to linear, green with lighter margins, entire, glabrous or with a few hairs at base, rounded at base. auricles 1-2mm long.
Fruit - Capsule to +1cm long, 5-6mm in diameter, slightly 3-angled with angles greatly rounded, glabrous. Seeds numerous. Placentation parietal.
Flowering - March - June and sometimes again around October - November.
Habitat - Waste ground, fields, meadows, low woods, ditches, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a VERY variable plant. The flowers have a wide range of colors and the leaves can be many different shapes and sizes. The flowers can be nearly any color from pure white to deep purple.
The taxonomy of the plant is questionable and some authors place the plant as a variety of V. sororia Willd.
V. pranticola Greene is another synonym.
The difficulty in placing this taxa comes from the plants variable nature and the fact that it hybridizes with at least four other species of Viola.
The plant also produces cleistogamus flowers.
Stems - A stout, thick, elongated caudex.
Leaves - Alternate, arising from ground level. Petioles to 12cm long, glabrous or with some pubescence near base of blade, with single vertical groove running the length of the petiole. Blade to +4cm broad, +3.5cm long, cordate at base, crenate to serrate, glabrous. Lower leaves typically reniform. Upper leaves with a pointed apex, ovate to deltoid.
Inflorescence - Single flowers arising from the base of plant. Peduncles glabrous, to +15cm long, curved at apex, with a pair of small bracts about in the middle of the peduncle. In early spring the flowers much exceed the leaves. Later, the leaves exceed the flowers.
Flowers - Corolla variable in color from deep violet to white and nearly all shades between, to 4cm broad and long, zygomorphic. Petals 5. Lateral petals bearded near "throat" of corolla. Lower petal saccate at base, with dark striping and fading to a dull yellow at base. Stamens 5, connate around ovary, two lowest with nectaries. Style deltoid at apex. Sepals 5, 8-9mm long, 3-4mm broad, lanceolate to linear, green with lighter margins, entire, glabrous or with a few hairs at base, rounded at base. auricles 1-2mm long.
Fruit - Capsule to +1cm long, 5-6mm in diameter, slightly 3-angled with angles greatly rounded, glabrous. Seeds numerous. Placentation parietal.
Flowering - March - June and sometimes again around October - November.
Habitat - Waste ground, fields, meadows, low woods, ditches, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a VERY variable plant. The flowers have a wide range of colors and the leaves can be many different shapes and sizes. The flowers can be nearly any color from pure white to deep purple.
The taxonomy of the plant is questionable and some authors place the plant as a variety of V. sororia Willd.
V. pranticola Greene is another synonym.
The difficulty in placing this taxa comes from the plants variable nature and the fact that it hybridizes with at least four other species of Viola.
The plant also produces cleistogamus flowers.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Family - Valerianaceae
Stems - Multiple from the base, dichotomously branching, erect, to +20cm tall, herbaceous, from a single thin taproot and fibrous roots, retrorse pubescent, 4-angled. Internodes with shallow thin vertical grooves arising at the leaf bases.
Leaves - Basal leaves in a rosette, spatulate, to +8cm long, 2cm broad. entire, glabrous or with very sparse appressed pubescence, rounded at the apex. Cauline leaves opposite, sessile, lanceolate to lance-oblong, reduced upward, rounded at the apex, entire or with a few coarse basal teeth, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal involucrate cymose clusters of flowers. Bracts of the involucre glabrous but strigose-ciliate on the apical margins, often reddish on the apical margins in strong sun, oblong, quite small in flower but quickly expanding to +/-3mm long, 1-1.5mm broad, 2 per each flower. Flowers sessile.
Flowers - Corolla light blue (typically) to whitish, funnelform, glabrous, 5-lobed. Corolla tube to 1mm long. Lobes spreading, rounded at the apex, .75mm long, .6mm broad. Stamens 2-3, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, included to slightly exserted. Filaments glabrous, .8mm long, translucent-blue. Ovary inferior, 3-locular, green, expanded at the apex on one side, very sparse pubescent in flower, 1mm long in flower, quickly inflating in fruit to +2mm long.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed areas, borders of fields, roadsides.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This little species has only been reported in a couple of southern Missouri counties. The plant is edible and is widely cultivated in Europe and elsewhere. It is not to common as a food crop in the United States.
V. olitoria can be identified by its small size, small bluish flowers, opposite leaves, and retrorse pubescent stems.
A synonym is V. locusta (L.) Laterr.
Stems - Multiple from the base, dichotomously branching, erect, to +20cm tall, herbaceous, from a single thin taproot and fibrous roots, retrorse pubescent, 4-angled. Internodes with shallow thin vertical grooves arising at the leaf bases.
Leaves - Basal leaves in a rosette, spatulate, to +8cm long, 2cm broad. entire, glabrous or with very sparse appressed pubescence, rounded at the apex. Cauline leaves opposite, sessile, lanceolate to lance-oblong, reduced upward, rounded at the apex, entire or with a few coarse basal teeth, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal involucrate cymose clusters of flowers. Bracts of the involucre glabrous but strigose-ciliate on the apical margins, often reddish on the apical margins in strong sun, oblong, quite small in flower but quickly expanding to +/-3mm long, 1-1.5mm broad, 2 per each flower. Flowers sessile.
Flowers - Corolla light blue (typically) to whitish, funnelform, glabrous, 5-lobed. Corolla tube to 1mm long. Lobes spreading, rounded at the apex, .75mm long, .6mm broad. Stamens 2-3, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, included to slightly exserted. Filaments glabrous, .8mm long, translucent-blue. Ovary inferior, 3-locular, green, expanded at the apex on one side, very sparse pubescent in flower, 1mm long in flower, quickly inflating in fruit to +2mm long.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed areas, borders of fields, roadsides.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This little species has only been reported in a couple of southern Missouri counties. The plant is edible and is widely cultivated in Europe and elsewhere. It is not to common as a food crop in the United States.
V. olitoria can be identified by its small size, small bluish flowers, opposite leaves, and retrorse pubescent stems.
A synonym is V. locusta (L.) Laterr.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Family - Acanthaceae
Stems - To 1m tall, erect, simple or branching, herbaceous, somewhat angled, glabrous or with pubescence in vertical rows.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, ovate, ovate-lanceolate, to oblong, typically entire or merely crenulate, glabrous to sparsely hairy, to 15cm long, 6cm wide. Petiole typically winged.
Inflorescence - One or two flowers, on peduncle, from leaf axils near middle of stem. Flowers subtended by a pair of foliaceous bracts.
Flowers - Corolla zygomorphic, to +5cm long, +/-4cm broad, 5-lobed, typically blue. Corolla tube with a constricted portion at base. Constriction white, to 2.5cm long, 3mm in diameter. Expanded portion of corolla tube to +1cm long, 1cm in diameter, pubescent. Corolla lobes +/-1.5cm long and broad, glabrous internally, pubescent externally with some glandular pubescence near the base. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate at the apex of the constricted portion of the corolla tube. Filaments white, 1.3cm long, sparse pubescent at the base, glabrous above. Anthers yellow, 3mm long. Style -4cm long, sparse pubescent below, white. Stigma 2-lobed, curled. Ovary superior, with some glandular pubescence at apex near style, 4mm long, 1.3mm in diameter, conic, 2-locular. Calyx tube to 5mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes linear-lanceolate, 2-3cm long, 3mm broad, with long and short glandular pubescence, entire, erect. Capsules brown, glabrous, to 2cm long, explosively dehiscing.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, moist, open woods, streambanks.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Although the corolla looks regular, it is typically zygomorphic, with one petal being slightly larger than the other four. The flowers of this species only last for one day but the plant produces many flowers while in bloom. This species is common and reminds many people of the non-related "Petunia" of cultivation.
Steyermark lists three forms for the plant based on flower color and size. Form strepens is shown above. Form alba Steyermark has a white corolla. Form cleistantha (Gray) McCoy has cleistogamous flowers but may not be a distinct form, rather a phase of form strepens.
Stems - To 1m tall, erect, simple or branching, herbaceous, somewhat angled, glabrous or with pubescence in vertical rows.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, ovate, ovate-lanceolate, to oblong, typically entire or merely crenulate, glabrous to sparsely hairy, to 15cm long, 6cm wide. Petiole typically winged.
Inflorescence - One or two flowers, on peduncle, from leaf axils near middle of stem. Flowers subtended by a pair of foliaceous bracts.
Flowers - Corolla zygomorphic, to +5cm long, +/-4cm broad, 5-lobed, typically blue. Corolla tube with a constricted portion at base. Constriction white, to 2.5cm long, 3mm in diameter. Expanded portion of corolla tube to +1cm long, 1cm in diameter, pubescent. Corolla lobes +/-1.5cm long and broad, glabrous internally, pubescent externally with some glandular pubescence near the base. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate at the apex of the constricted portion of the corolla tube. Filaments white, 1.3cm long, sparse pubescent at the base, glabrous above. Anthers yellow, 3mm long. Style -4cm long, sparse pubescent below, white. Stigma 2-lobed, curled. Ovary superior, with some glandular pubescence at apex near style, 4mm long, 1.3mm in diameter, conic, 2-locular. Calyx tube to 5mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes linear-lanceolate, 2-3cm long, 3mm broad, with long and short glandular pubescence, entire, erect. Capsules brown, glabrous, to 2cm long, explosively dehiscing.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, moist, open woods, streambanks.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Although the corolla looks regular, it is typically zygomorphic, with one petal being slightly larger than the other four. The flowers of this species only last for one day but the plant produces many flowers while in bloom. This species is common and reminds many people of the non-related "Petunia" of cultivation.
Steyermark lists three forms for the plant based on flower color and size. Form strepens is shown above. Form alba Steyermark has a white corolla. Form cleistantha (Gray) McCoy has cleistogamous flowers but may not be a distinct form, rather a phase of form strepens.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Family - Acanthaceae
Stems - To +/-50cm tall, erect, branching, somewhat angled or ribbed, with vertical striations, from a rhizome, retrorse pubescent with longer cilia at the nodes, often purplish, herbaceous.
Leaves - Opposite, short-petiolate (petioles to +/-10mm long), mostly decussate, ovate-lanceolate, acute, deep green above, light green below, pubescent above and below. Margins entire or slightly crisped, ciliate. Blades to +/-7cm long, +/-3.5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers on bracteate peduncles. Peduncles to +/-3cm long, with a pair of foliaceous bracts subtending the calyx. Peduncles pubescent as the stem.
Flowers - Corolla +/-4cm long, contracted portion to 2cm long, tan, pubescent externally, glabrous internally. Expanded portion of corolla tube +/-2cm long, purple to white, 5-lobed. Lobes rounded, to 1cm long. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate near the apex of the expanded portion of the corolla tube. Filaments white, mostly glabrous but with a few sparse hairs near base, to 1cm long. Anthers lilac to purplish, to 4mm long. Ovary green, superior, cylindric, 4mm long, villosulous, 2-locular. Placentation axile. Style villosulous, white, +2.6cm long. Stigma flattened, to 2mm long. Fruits villosulous, few-seeded. Calyx accrescent. Tube to -2mm long, 5-lobed, puberulent. Lobes linear-attenuate, to 2cm long in flower.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Dry rocky woods, ravines, lowlands, glades, slopes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the southeastern 1/3 of Missouri. This plant can be easily identified in the field by its long, thin calyx lobes and the fact that its flowers are on peduncles. It is a striking plant and would do well in cultivation with little care.
Stems - To +/-50cm tall, erect, branching, somewhat angled or ribbed, with vertical striations, from a rhizome, retrorse pubescent with longer cilia at the nodes, often purplish, herbaceous.
Leaves - Opposite, short-petiolate (petioles to +/-10mm long), mostly decussate, ovate-lanceolate, acute, deep green above, light green below, pubescent above and below. Margins entire or slightly crisped, ciliate. Blades to +/-7cm long, +/-3.5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers on bracteate peduncles. Peduncles to +/-3cm long, with a pair of foliaceous bracts subtending the calyx. Peduncles pubescent as the stem.
Flowers - Corolla +/-4cm long, contracted portion to 2cm long, tan, pubescent externally, glabrous internally. Expanded portion of corolla tube +/-2cm long, purple to white, 5-lobed. Lobes rounded, to 1cm long. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate near the apex of the expanded portion of the corolla tube. Filaments white, mostly glabrous but with a few sparse hairs near base, to 1cm long. Anthers lilac to purplish, to 4mm long. Ovary green, superior, cylindric, 4mm long, villosulous, 2-locular. Placentation axile. Style villosulous, white, +2.6cm long. Stigma flattened, to 2mm long. Fruits villosulous, few-seeded. Calyx accrescent. Tube to -2mm long, 5-lobed, puberulent. Lobes linear-attenuate, to 2cm long in flower.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Dry rocky woods, ravines, lowlands, glades, slopes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the southeastern 1/3 of Missouri. This plant can be easily identified in the field by its long, thin calyx lobes and the fact that its flowers are on peduncles. It is a striking plant and would do well in cultivation with little care.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Asclepiadaceae
Stems - To +/-60cm tall, erect or ascending, herbaceous, hirsute and also with vertical lines of hairs from leaf bases, (the hairs small and curled), typically simple but branching near apex, from a woody crown.
Leaves - Mostly alternate but sometimes opposite by inflorescence, dense on the stems, short-petiolate. Petioles to 3mm long. Blades linear-oblong to linear-lanceolate, entire, acute, truncate at the base, often with slightly revolute margins, pubescent above, more so below, green above, lighter green below, to 10cm long, +/-2.5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary umbellate cymes with +/-25 flowers. Pedicels subtended by linear bracts to 1cm long, 1.2mm broad. Pedicels +/-2cm long, with antrorse pubescence, light green.
Flowers - Petals 5, orange, reflexed, 8-9mm long, 2.2mm broad, glabrous, acute. Hoods orange, glabrous, 5-6mm long, 1.5mm broad, distinct. Horns to 3mm long, orange. Column 3mm long(tall), greenish. Pollinia 2mm long, translator deep purple. Pistils 2, 2.1mm long, with a few antrorse hairs at apex. Follicles erect, to 15cm long, 1.5cm wide, pubescent. Seeds oval, to +5mm long, with coma.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, open woods, disturbed sites, waste ground, roadsides, railroads. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is used much by gardeners wishing to attract butterflies to the area. The flowers produced copious amounts of nectar and the plant itself is eaten by the larva of Monarchs (Danaus plexippus) which indeed belong to the group of butterflies known as the "Milkweed Butterflies", family Danaidae. The butterflies store the cardiac glycosides produced by the plant and hence become distasteful and even dangerous to predators.
Asclepias tuberosa is the only species of the genus in Missouri not to have the milky white juice so commonly associated with the genus.
The subspecies most commonly found in this state is subsp. interior Woods., pictured above, which has leaves which are mostly cordate at the base. This subspecies has two forms. The red-flowered from (shown above) is form interior. Form lutea has yellow flowers and is rare in the state. This striking form is shown below:
Stems - To +/-60cm tall, erect or ascending, herbaceous, hirsute and also with vertical lines of hairs from leaf bases, (the hairs small and curled), typically simple but branching near apex, from a woody crown.
Leaves - Mostly alternate but sometimes opposite by inflorescence, dense on the stems, short-petiolate. Petioles to 3mm long. Blades linear-oblong to linear-lanceolate, entire, acute, truncate at the base, often with slightly revolute margins, pubescent above, more so below, green above, lighter green below, to 10cm long, +/-2.5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary umbellate cymes with +/-25 flowers. Pedicels subtended by linear bracts to 1cm long, 1.2mm broad. Pedicels +/-2cm long, with antrorse pubescence, light green.
Flowers - Petals 5, orange, reflexed, 8-9mm long, 2.2mm broad, glabrous, acute. Hoods orange, glabrous, 5-6mm long, 1.5mm broad, distinct. Horns to 3mm long, orange. Column 3mm long(tall), greenish. Pollinia 2mm long, translator deep purple. Pistils 2, 2.1mm long, with a few antrorse hairs at apex. Follicles erect, to 15cm long, 1.5cm wide, pubescent. Seeds oval, to +5mm long, with coma.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, open woods, disturbed sites, waste ground, roadsides, railroads. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is used much by gardeners wishing to attract butterflies to the area. The flowers produced copious amounts of nectar and the plant itself is eaten by the larva of Monarchs (Danaus plexippus) which indeed belong to the group of butterflies known as the "Milkweed Butterflies", family Danaidae. The butterflies store the cardiac glycosides produced by the plant and hence become distasteful and even dangerous to predators.
Asclepias tuberosa is the only species of the genus in Missouri not to have the milky white juice so commonly associated with the genus.
The subspecies most commonly found in this state is subsp. interior Woods., pictured above, which has leaves which are mostly cordate at the base. This subspecies has two forms. The red-flowered from (shown above) is form interior. Form lutea has yellow flowers and is rare in the state. This striking form is shown below:
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +60cm tall, erect, simple, single or multiple from a corm, herbaceous, glabrous to pilose (the hairs multicellular), terete, typically light green with darker vertical lines.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, linear and grasslike, scabrous or not, glabrous to strigose hairy, entire, reduced upward, to +20cm long, 4-12mm broad. Veins of the leaves appearing parallel. Hairs multicellular as on the stem.
Inflorescence - Single, sessile flowerheads in the leaf axils.
Involucre - To +/-1.8cm long (tall), +/-7mm in diameter, cylindric or slightly wider near the base. Phyllaries imbricate, the longest to -1.5cm long, 2-4mm broad, glabrous to pubescent externally, glabrous internally, with ciliate margins apically, abruptly short acuminate to acuminate at the apex, often dark purple at the apex in strong sun. The apices of the phyllaries somewhat to greatly spreading (depending on the variety).
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - 10-60 per flowerhead. Corolla green basally, purplish in the apical half, 5-lobed, to 1.4cm long (including the lobes), glabrous externally, pubescent internally. Lobes to +/-4mm long, -1mm broad, acute, linear, with punctate glands externally (use a lens to see). Stamens 5, adnate at the middle of the corolla tube. Filaments white, glabrous, -2mm long. Anthers brown, connate around the style, 3mm long, mostly included. Style white basally, purple in the apical half, glabrous, +/-2cm long total, divided in the apical half, well exserted beyond the corolla. Pappus of purplish plumose bristles to +/-9mm long, uniseriate. The shaft of the bristle is purple the plumose hairs are white. Achene in flower ribbed, +/-5mm long, +/-1.2mm broad, antrorse pubescent.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Rocky and dry open woods, glades, rocky prairies, bluff ledges.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species can be found in much of Missouri but is apparently absent from the bootheel portion of the state as well as the loess-rich northwest corner of the state.
L. squarrosa is easily recognized in the field by its grass-like leaves, squarrose phyllaries, and habitat. The pubescence of the stem, leaves, and involucre is variable in this species and different varieties exist. I won't go the varieties here but to see what typical plants look like in the southeastern U.S., click here.
Stems - To +60cm tall, erect, simple, single or multiple from a corm, herbaceous, glabrous to pilose (the hairs multicellular), terete, typically light green with darker vertical lines.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, linear and grasslike, scabrous or not, glabrous to strigose hairy, entire, reduced upward, to +20cm long, 4-12mm broad. Veins of the leaves appearing parallel. Hairs multicellular as on the stem.
Inflorescence - Single, sessile flowerheads in the leaf axils.
Involucre - To +/-1.8cm long (tall), +/-7mm in diameter, cylindric or slightly wider near the base. Phyllaries imbricate, the longest to -1.5cm long, 2-4mm broad, glabrous to pubescent externally, glabrous internally, with ciliate margins apically, abruptly short acuminate to acuminate at the apex, often dark purple at the apex in strong sun. The apices of the phyllaries somewhat to greatly spreading (depending on the variety).
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - 10-60 per flowerhead. Corolla green basally, purplish in the apical half, 5-lobed, to 1.4cm long (including the lobes), glabrous externally, pubescent internally. Lobes to +/-4mm long, -1mm broad, acute, linear, with punctate glands externally (use a lens to see). Stamens 5, adnate at the middle of the corolla tube. Filaments white, glabrous, -2mm long. Anthers brown, connate around the style, 3mm long, mostly included. Style white basally, purple in the apical half, glabrous, +/-2cm long total, divided in the apical half, well exserted beyond the corolla. Pappus of purplish plumose bristles to +/-9mm long, uniseriate. The shaft of the bristle is purple the plumose hairs are white. Achene in flower ribbed, +/-5mm long, +/-1.2mm broad, antrorse pubescent.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Rocky and dry open woods, glades, rocky prairies, bluff ledges.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species can be found in much of Missouri but is apparently absent from the bootheel portion of the state as well as the loess-rich northwest corner of the state.
L. squarrosa is easily recognized in the field by its grass-like leaves, squarrose phyllaries, and habitat. The pubescence of the stem, leaves, and involucre is variable in this species and different varieties exist. I won't go the varieties here but to see what typical plants look like in the southeastern U.S., click here.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - To +2m tall, herbaceous, erect, pubescent, with vertical striations.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, petiolate, stipulate. Leaflets 3.5-14cm long, ovate to lanceolate, obtuse or short pointed at tip, appressed pubescent above, pilose below. Stipules to 1cm long, pubescent, lanceolate, striate.
Inflorescence - Terminal racemes or panicles to +40cm long.
Flowers - Papilionaceous, pink to rose, +/-1cm long. Standard with two yellow spots at base. Stamens diadelphous. Calyx bilabiate, short-tubular. Loments rounded to slightly angled on the ventral margin, rounded on dorsal margin, typically 4-6-jointed, pubescent, to 7mm long, 5mm wide.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Prairies, thickets, wet meadows, lake margins, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This tall, weedy species can be found scattered throughout most of Missouri. It can be identified by its large size, large flowers, pubescent stems and leaves, and lanceolate leaflets.
Many plants from this genus are similar, D. canadense is typically more robust than any other species in Missouri. It has dense, large racemes and panicles also.
Stems - To +2m tall, herbaceous, erect, pubescent, with vertical striations.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, petiolate, stipulate. Leaflets 3.5-14cm long, ovate to lanceolate, obtuse or short pointed at tip, appressed pubescent above, pilose below. Stipules to 1cm long, pubescent, lanceolate, striate.
Inflorescence - Terminal racemes or panicles to +40cm long.
Flowers - Papilionaceous, pink to rose, +/-1cm long. Standard with two yellow spots at base. Stamens diadelphous. Calyx bilabiate, short-tubular. Loments rounded to slightly angled on the ventral margin, rounded on dorsal margin, typically 4-6-jointed, pubescent, to 7mm long, 5mm wide.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Prairies, thickets, wet meadows, lake margins, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This tall, weedy species can be found scattered throughout most of Missouri. It can be identified by its large size, large flowers, pubescent stems and leaves, and lanceolate leaflets.
Many plants from this genus are similar, D. canadense is typically more robust than any other species in Missouri. It has dense, large racemes and panicles also.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月23日
Family - Lamiaceae
Stems - To 1m tall, erect, herbaceous, purple, 4-angled, from fibrous but tough roots, retrorse pubescent, with a single median vertical groove on each side of the stem. The entire plant fragrant.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, decussate. Petioles to +5cm long, antrorse pubescent, purple, with a very shallow adaxial groove. Blades ovate, serrate, acute, to +10cm long, +8cm broad, sometimes crisped or not, typically green above and purple-green or entirely purple below, mostly glabrous above, pubescent on the veins below, with any punctate glands below (use a lens to see). Lateral veins prominent and expressed below.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal indeterminate verticillasters to +15cm long. Axis retrorse pubescent (densely), the hairs purple. Flowers 2 at a node, decussate, each subtended by a single folded bract. Bracts broadly ovate when unfolded, entire, 3-5mm long and broad, glabrous but with ciliolate margins. Pedicels 1-2mm long in flower, longer in fruit, pubescent and glandular.
Flowers - Corolla pink, bilabiate, 4mm long, constricted near the base, pubescent externally, with a single band of long hairs at the base of the filaments internally. Upper lip 3-lobed. Central lobe deflexed, rounded, with a single shallow notch, 2-2.2mm broad, 1-1.5mm long. Lateral lobes rounded, 1.5mm broad, 1-1.2mm long, spreading. Lower lip single-lobed, lobe 2-2.3mm broad, 1-1.4mm long, reflexed. Lower lip bearded internally and with 2-4 darker pink spots internally. Stamens 4, adnate in the middle of the corolla tube, alternating with the corolla lobes, slightly exserted. Filaments white, pinkish at the apex, terete, glabrous, 2mm long. Anthers pinkish, fading to purple, bilobed, .5-.7mm broad. Style glabrous, 2-2.4mm long, included under the upper lip of the corolla, white, fading to lilac at the apex, terete. Ovary 4-parted, 1mm broad in flower, subtended by a nectariferous ring. The nectary with a basal appendage that protrudes slightly past the top of the ovary. Calyx bilabiate, the tube to 1.7mm long in flower, dark purple, hirsute externally, with a band of forward-facing hairs internally (at the base of the lobes). Upper lip 3-lobed. Lobes equal, 1.5mm long, 1mm broad, acute. Lower lip 2-lobed. Lobes attenuate, 2-2.2mm long, with antrorse strigose margins or not.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Gravel bars, rich soils, alluvial soils or dry soils along streams, spring branches, gravel bars, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to India.
Other info. - This weedy but showy species can be found mostly in the southern half of Missouri. It is very easy to identify, especially while in flower, as no other plant looks or smells quite like it. The purple stems and distinctive leaves are good characters for identification. The leaves of some plants can be crisped, other may not be. Both types of plants can grow right next to each other and are, at most, phases of the species.
The plant was (is) used traditionally to treat a variety of ailments from diarrhea to morning sickness. It is also used as a culinary herb. This species also produces Perilla oil which is used in food products and also in making lacquers and finishes for wood. Perilla oil is a less expensive substitute for Linseed oil, which comes from another plant, Linum usitatissimum L.
Stems - To 1m tall, erect, herbaceous, purple, 4-angled, from fibrous but tough roots, retrorse pubescent, with a single median vertical groove on each side of the stem. The entire plant fragrant.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, decussate. Petioles to +5cm long, antrorse pubescent, purple, with a very shallow adaxial groove. Blades ovate, serrate, acute, to +10cm long, +8cm broad, sometimes crisped or not, typically green above and purple-green or entirely purple below, mostly glabrous above, pubescent on the veins below, with any punctate glands below (use a lens to see). Lateral veins prominent and expressed below.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal indeterminate verticillasters to +15cm long. Axis retrorse pubescent (densely), the hairs purple. Flowers 2 at a node, decussate, each subtended by a single folded bract. Bracts broadly ovate when unfolded, entire, 3-5mm long and broad, glabrous but with ciliolate margins. Pedicels 1-2mm long in flower, longer in fruit, pubescent and glandular.
Flowers - Corolla pink, bilabiate, 4mm long, constricted near the base, pubescent externally, with a single band of long hairs at the base of the filaments internally. Upper lip 3-lobed. Central lobe deflexed, rounded, with a single shallow notch, 2-2.2mm broad, 1-1.5mm long. Lateral lobes rounded, 1.5mm broad, 1-1.2mm long, spreading. Lower lip single-lobed, lobe 2-2.3mm broad, 1-1.4mm long, reflexed. Lower lip bearded internally and with 2-4 darker pink spots internally. Stamens 4, adnate in the middle of the corolla tube, alternating with the corolla lobes, slightly exserted. Filaments white, pinkish at the apex, terete, glabrous, 2mm long. Anthers pinkish, fading to purple, bilobed, .5-.7mm broad. Style glabrous, 2-2.4mm long, included under the upper lip of the corolla, white, fading to lilac at the apex, terete. Ovary 4-parted, 1mm broad in flower, subtended by a nectariferous ring. The nectary with a basal appendage that protrudes slightly past the top of the ovary. Calyx bilabiate, the tube to 1.7mm long in flower, dark purple, hirsute externally, with a band of forward-facing hairs internally (at the base of the lobes). Upper lip 3-lobed. Lobes equal, 1.5mm long, 1mm broad, acute. Lower lip 2-lobed. Lobes attenuate, 2-2.2mm long, with antrorse strigose margins or not.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Gravel bars, rich soils, alluvial soils or dry soils along streams, spring branches, gravel bars, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to India.
Other info. - This weedy but showy species can be found mostly in the southern half of Missouri. It is very easy to identify, especially while in flower, as no other plant looks or smells quite like it. The purple stems and distinctive leaves are good characters for identification. The leaves of some plants can be crisped, other may not be. Both types of plants can grow right next to each other and are, at most, phases of the species.
The plant was (is) used traditionally to treat a variety of ailments from diarrhea to morning sickness. It is also used as a culinary herb. This species also produces Perilla oil which is used in food products and also in making lacquers and finishes for wood. Perilla oil is a less expensive substitute for Linseed oil, which comes from another plant, Linum usitatissimum L.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月23日
Family - Asclepiadaceae
Stems - To +/-45cm tall, erect, simple, herbaceous, from rhizomes, purplish at the base and apex, with one flat side, mostly glabrous but with hairs in distinct vertical lines on margins of flat side, with milky sap.
Leaves - Lowest leaves in false whorl of 4 (2 higher and 2 lower). Leaves tapering to a short petiole, ovate to elliptic, entire, acuminate, with curly hairs on veins on both surfaces, to +/-9cm long, +/-5cm broad. Margins ciliolate. A pair of leaves typically subtending the inflorescence.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary umbels in the apical portion of the stems with +/-15 flowers. Pedicels to 2cm long, tomentoulose on one side, purplish pink.
Flowers - Petals 5, spreading to reflexed, pinkish internally, darker externally (abaxially), to 7mm long, 3.2mm broad, glabrous, acute, elliptic. Hoods whitish to pinkish tinged, 3-4mm long, glabrous, subacute at apex, connected at the base to the anther column. Horns to 3mm long, white, glabrous, converging over the column. Column purplish, 2mm long, -2mm in diameter, white at apex. Pollinia 1mm long, terminator deep purple. Pistils 2, green, 2mm long, glabrous. Ovules many.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Rich or dry rocky open woods, on upland slopes or ridges.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout most of Missouri except for much of the northwestern portion of the state. The plant is easy to identify because of its generally small size, and false whorl of leaves. The plant typically has only one or maybe two false whorls of leaves on the stem.
Stems - To +/-45cm tall, erect, simple, herbaceous, from rhizomes, purplish at the base and apex, with one flat side, mostly glabrous but with hairs in distinct vertical lines on margins of flat side, with milky sap.
Leaves - Lowest leaves in false whorl of 4 (2 higher and 2 lower). Leaves tapering to a short petiole, ovate to elliptic, entire, acuminate, with curly hairs on veins on both surfaces, to +/-9cm long, +/-5cm broad. Margins ciliolate. A pair of leaves typically subtending the inflorescence.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary umbels in the apical portion of the stems with +/-15 flowers. Pedicels to 2cm long, tomentoulose on one side, purplish pink.
Flowers - Petals 5, spreading to reflexed, pinkish internally, darker externally (abaxially), to 7mm long, 3.2mm broad, glabrous, acute, elliptic. Hoods whitish to pinkish tinged, 3-4mm long, glabrous, subacute at apex, connected at the base to the anther column. Horns to 3mm long, white, glabrous, converging over the column. Column purplish, 2mm long, -2mm in diameter, white at apex. Pollinia 1mm long, terminator deep purple. Pistils 2, green, 2mm long, glabrous. Ovules many.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Rich or dry rocky open woods, on upland slopes or ridges.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout most of Missouri except for much of the northwestern portion of the state. The plant is easy to identify because of its generally small size, and false whorl of leaves. The plant typically has only one or maybe two false whorls of leaves on the stem.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月23日
Family - Asclepiadaceae
Stems - Erect, herbaceous but stout, typically simple, from a taproot, with milky sap, pubescent and also with a vertical line of tomentoulose hairs decurrent from the base of each petiole, to +1m tall.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, short petiolate. Petioles to -1cm long, antrorse pubescent. Blades to +20cm long, 8cm broad, entire, abruptly acute at the apex, abruptly tapering to a rounded base, often with a purple tinge on the midrib adaxially, pubescent and deep green adaxially, light green and densely pubescent abaxially. Lateral venation anastomosing.
Inflorescence - Few axillary pedunculate umbels near the apex of the stems. Peduncles to +/-7cm long, erect, sparse pubescent but tomentoulose on one side. Flowers +/-50 per umbel. Pedicels to +/-2cm long, tomentoulose, subtended by linear bracts. Bracts withering quickly, to +/-6mm long, pubescent.
Flowers - Petals 5, reflexed to spreading, purplish-pink, glabrous, to +1cm long, +/-4mm broad, acute, oblong-lanceolate, entire. Hoods purplish-pink, +/-7mm long (tall), glabrous, connected at the base below the anther column. Horns purplish-white, 2mm long, down-curved and converging at the apex of the anther column. Anther column mostly green (white at the apex), 3-4mm in diameter. Pollinia to -2mm long, the connective deep purple. Pistils 2, glabrous, light green, 3mm long in flower.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, glades, prairies, stream banks, wet meadows and valleys, thickets, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is quite striking and would grow with little care in a garden. This species also attracts many flying insects and would be a great addition to a butterfly garden.
The stems of A. purpurascens produce copious amounts of milky sap when injured. This sap can be irritating to some and is toxic if ingested or rubbed in the eyes.
Stems - Erect, herbaceous but stout, typically simple, from a taproot, with milky sap, pubescent and also with a vertical line of tomentoulose hairs decurrent from the base of each petiole, to +1m tall.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, short petiolate. Petioles to -1cm long, antrorse pubescent. Blades to +20cm long, 8cm broad, entire, abruptly acute at the apex, abruptly tapering to a rounded base, often with a purple tinge on the midrib adaxially, pubescent and deep green adaxially, light green and densely pubescent abaxially. Lateral venation anastomosing.
Inflorescence - Few axillary pedunculate umbels near the apex of the stems. Peduncles to +/-7cm long, erect, sparse pubescent but tomentoulose on one side. Flowers +/-50 per umbel. Pedicels to +/-2cm long, tomentoulose, subtended by linear bracts. Bracts withering quickly, to +/-6mm long, pubescent.
Flowers - Petals 5, reflexed to spreading, purplish-pink, glabrous, to +1cm long, +/-4mm broad, acute, oblong-lanceolate, entire. Hoods purplish-pink, +/-7mm long (tall), glabrous, connected at the base below the anther column. Horns purplish-white, 2mm long, down-curved and converging at the apex of the anther column. Anther column mostly green (white at the apex), 3-4mm in diameter. Pollinia to -2mm long, the connective deep purple. Pistils 2, glabrous, light green, 3mm long in flower.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, glades, prairies, stream banks, wet meadows and valleys, thickets, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is quite striking and would grow with little care in a garden. This species also attracts many flying insects and would be a great addition to a butterfly garden.
The stems of A. purpurascens produce copious amounts of milky sap when injured. This sap can be irritating to some and is toxic if ingested or rubbed in the eyes.
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