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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月31日
Dummer. ゛☀
What is Atlantic white cedar? Also known as swamp cedar or post cedar, Atlantic white cedar is an impressive, spire-like evergreen tree that reaches heights of 80 to 115 feet (24-35 m.). This swamp-dwelling tree has a fascinating place in American history. Growing Atlantic white cedar isn’t difficult and, once established, this attractive tree requires very little maintenance. Read on for more Atlantic white cedar info.
Atlantic White Cedar Information At one time, Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides) was found growing profusely in swampy areas and bogs of eastern North America, primarily from Long Island to Mississippi and Florida. Atlantic white cedar was widely used by early settlers, and the light, close-grained wood was valuable for ship building. The wood was also used for cabins, fence posts, piers, shingles, furniture, buckets, barrels, and even duck decoys and organ pipes. Not surprisingly, great stands of the tree were removed and Atlantic white cedar was scarce by the nineteenth century. As for appearance, the tiny, scale-like, bluish-green leaves cover graceful, drooping twigs, and the thin, scaly bark is light reddish brown, turning ashy gray as the tree matures. The short, horizontal branches of Atlantic white cedar give the tree a narrow, conical shape. In fact, the tops of the trees often intertwine, making them difficult to cut down.
How to Grow Atlantic White Cedar Growing Atlantic white cedar isn’t difficult, but finding young trees may prove challenging. You’ll most likely need to look at specialty nurseries. If you don’t need a 100-foot tree, you may find dwarf varieties that top out at 4 to 5 feet. (1.5 m.). If you have seeds, you can plant the tree outdoors in autumn, or start them in a cold frame or unheated greenhouse. If you want to plant seeds indoors, stratify them first. Growing Atlantic white cedar is suitable in USDA plant hardiness zones 3 through 8. A swampy or boggy area isn’t a requirement, but the tree will thrive in a water garden or damp area of your landscape. Full sunlight and rich, acidic soil is best.
Atlantic White Cedar Care Atlantic white cedar has high water requirements, so never allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Otherwise, this hardy tree is disease and pest resistant, and Atlantic white cedar care is minimal. No pruning or fertilization is required.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月31日
Dummer. ゛☀
Elm trees once lined city streets all across America, shading cars and sidewalks with their enormous, outstretched arms. By the 1930s, though, Dutch elm disease had arrived on our shores and began destroying these favorite trees of Main Streets everywhere. Although elms are still popular in home landscapes, American and European elms are highly susceptible to Dutch elm disease.
What is Dutch Elm Disease? A fungal pathogen, Ophiostroma ulmi, is the cause of Dutch elm disease. This fungus is spread from tree to tree by boring beetles, making Dutch elm protection difficult at best. These tiny beetles burrow under the bark of elms and into the wood beneath, where they tunnel and lay their eggs. As they chew through the tree’s tissues, the fungal spores are rubbed off onto tunnel walls where they germinate, causing Dutch elm disease.
How to Detect Dutch Elm Disease Signs of Dutch elm disease come on rapidly, over about a month’s time, typically in the spring when leaves are just maturing. One or more branches will be covered in yellow, wilted leaves that soon die and fall from the tree. As time goes on, the disease spreads to other branches, eventually consuming the whole tree. Positive identification based on symptoms alone can be difficult because Dutch elm disease mimics water stress and other common disorders. However, if you cut open an affected branch or twig, it will contain a dark ring hidden in the tissues below the bark – this symptom is caused by fungal bodies clogging up the tree’s transport tissues.
Treatment for Dutch elm disease requires a community-wide effort to successfully eradicate both the beetles and fungal spores they carry. A single, isolated tree may be saved by pruning out affected branches and treating bark beetles, but multiple trees affected by Dutch elm disease may require removal in the end. Dutch elm disease is a frustrating and costly disease, but if you absolutely must have elms in your landscape, try the Asian elms – they have high levels of tolerance and resistance to the fungus.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月31日
Dummer. ゛☀
Stately elms once lined the streets of Midwestern and Eastern towns. In the 1930s, Dutch elm disease nearly wiped out these lovely trees, but they are making a strong comeback, thanks in part to the development of resistant varieties. Elm tree diseases still play a major role in the life of the trees and complicate their care. Anyone with an elm in their landscape should know the symptoms of disease so they can address problems promptly.
Diseases on Elm Trees There are several elm tree leaf diseases that cause spotting, discoloration and defoliation. By the time the leaves fall from the tree, the spots have often grown together and other discolorations have developed, making it hard to differentiate between the diseases without a lab test. Most elm tree diseases that attack the leaves are caused by fungi, but elm leaf scorch, caused by a bacterium, is a little different. With this disease, the bundles of veins in the leaves become clogged so that water can’t move within the leaf. This causes the leaf to look scorched. There is no known treatment for elm tree leaf scorch.
The most devastating elm tree diseases are Dutch elm disease and elm phloem necrosis. Dutch elm disease is caused by a fungus spread by elm bark beetles. The microscopic organism that causes elm phloem disease is spread by white-banded leafhoppers. The diseases look similar, with all of the leaves browning on affected branches, but you may be able to tell the difference by the location of the damage. Dutch elm disease usually starts on lower branches, and may appear random, affecting only part of the tree and leaving another part unscathed. Elm phloem necrosis affects the entire crown at once. Agricultural extension services in most areas ask that you report incidences of these diseases.
Treating Diseases of Elm Trees Once elm tree leaf diseases take hold, there is no effective treatment. Rake and burn leaves to help prevent the spread of the diseases. If you have problems with leaf diseases, try using an anti-fungal spray early in the season the following year. This may help prevent disease. Powdery mildew is another leaf disease that sometimes effect elms, but it occurs so late in the season that treatment is unnecessary. There is no cure for Dutch elm or elm phloem disease. Trees infected with Dutch elm disease sometimes respond to pruning. This is a treatment that extends the life of the tree for several years if caught early and done properly, but it is not a cure. It’s best to hire a certified arborist for the job. Trees with elm phloem necrosis should be taken down as soon as possible.
Since there is no easy cure, it is important to learn how to protect elm trees from disease. Here are some tips: Watch for the insects that cause elm tree diseases, and start a control program as soon as you see them. Rake and destroy elm tree leaves promptly. Use an antifungal spray if you had problems with elm leaves the previous year.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月31日
Dummer. ゛☀
The drake elm (also called Chinese elm or lacebark elm) is a quick-growing elm tree that naturally develops a dense, rounded, umbrella shaped canopy. For more drake elm tree information and details on caring for drake elm trees, read on.
Drake Elm Tree Information When you read up on drake elm tree information, you’ll learn all about the tree’s exceptionally beautiful bark. It is green, gray, orange and brown, and it exfoliates in small thin plates. The trunk often forks, producing the same vase shape that American elms display. Drake elms (Ulmus parvifolia ‘Drake’) are relatively small trees, generally staying under 50 feet tall. They are deciduous, but they shed leaves late and almost act like evergreens in warmer climates. The leaves of a drake elm are typical to most elm trees, some two inches long, toothed, with conspicuous veins. Most drake elm tree information will mention the tree’s small winged samara/seeds that appear in the spring. The samaras are papery, flat and even ornamental, drooping in dense and showy clusters.
Drake Elm Tree Care If you are thinking of how nice your backyard would look with a drake elm tree growing in it, you’ll want to learn about caring for drake elm trees. First of all, remember that the typical drake elm tree grows about 50 feet tall and 40 feet wide, so if you have the intention to start drake elm tree growing, provide each tree with an adequate site. Keep in mind that these elms thrive in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 5 through 9. Planting in a cooler or hotter region may not be a good idea.
If you are wondering how to grow a drake elm, it is not difficult if you plant the tree in an appropriate location and provide adequate care. Drake elm tree care includes plenty of sun, so find a full sun planting site. You’ll also want to give the tree adequate water during the growing season. Otherwise, drake elm tree growing is fairly easy. One thing to keep in mind is that drake elms reseed prodigiously. In some areas, drake elms are invasive, escaping cultivation and disrupting native plant populations.
If space is lacking or invasiveness is a concern, this tree also makes a great specimen for bonsai plantings.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月31日
Dummer. ゛☀
Elm yellows is a disease that attacks and kills native elms. Elm yellows disease in plants results from Candidatus Phyloplaasma ulmi, a bacteria without walls that is called a phyoplasma. The disease is systemic and lethal. Read on for information about the symptoms of elm yellow disease and whether there is any effective elm yellows treatment.
Elm Yellows Disease in Plants The hosts of elm yellows phytoplasma in the United States are limited to elm trees (Ulmus spp.) and the insects that transport the bacteria. White-banded elm leafhoppers transport the disease, but other insects that feed on the inner elm bark – called phloem – may also play a similar role. Native elms in this country have not developed a resistance to the elm yellows phytoplasma. It threatens elm species in the eastern half of the United States, often killing trees within two years after the initial symptoms appear. Some species of elm in Europe and Asia are either tolerant or resistant.
Symptoms of Elm Yellow Disease Elm yellows phytoplasma attack trees systematically. The entire crown develops symptoms, usually beginning with the oldest leaves. You can see symptoms of elm yellow disease in leaves during the summer, mid-July through September. Look for leaves that turn yellow, wilt and drop before they should. The leaf symptoms of elm yellow disease are not very different from problems caused by too little water or nutrient deficiencies. However, if you look at the inner bark, you will see elm phloem necrosis even before the leaves yellow.
What does elm phloem necrosis look like? The inner bark turns a darker color. It is usually almost white, but with elm phloem necrosis, it turns a deep honey color. Dark flecks may also appear in it. Another one of the typical symptoms of elm yellow disease is the smell. When moist inner bark is exposed (due to elm phloem necrosis), you will notice an odor of wintergreen oil.
Elm Yellows Treatment Unfortunately, no effective elm yellows treatment has yet been developed. If you have an elm that is suffering from elm yellows disease in plants, remove the tree immediately to prevent the elm yellows phytoplasma from spreading to other elms in the area. If you are just planting elms, select disease resistant varieties from Europe. They may suffer from the disease but it will not kill them.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月31日
Dummer. ゛☀
The American elm populations has been decimated by Dutch Elm disease, so gardeners in this country often choose to plant Japanese elm trees instead. This lovely group of trees is hardier and equally attractive, with smooth gray bark and an appealing canopy. Read on for Japanese elm tree facts, including information about how to grow a Japanese elm tree.
Japanese Elm Tree Facts Japanese elm tree includes not one, but six genera with 35 species of elm native to Japan. All are deciduous trees or shrubs that are native to Japan and northeastern Asia. Japanese elms are resistant to Dutch Elm disease, a disease fatal to the American elm. One type of Japanese elm, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, is so highly resistant that is has been used to develop resistant cultivars. Japanese elm trees can mature to 55 feet tall with a 35-foot canopy spread. The bark is grayish brown and the crown of the tree rounded and spreads out in an umbrella shape. The fruits of Japanaese elm trees depend on the genera and variety of the tree. Some are samaras and some are nuts.
How to Grow a Japanese Elm Tree If you want to start growing Japanese elm trees, you’ll have the easiest time if you plant the trees in an appropriate location. Japanese elm tree care requires a sunny planting site with well-draining, loamy soil. If you’re already growing Japanese elm trees in hard clay soil, you aren’t obliged to move them. The trees will survive, but they will grow much more slowly than in rich soil that drains well. The optimal soil will have a pH between 5.5 and 8.
Japanese Elm Tree Care Also, when growing Japanese elm trees, you need to understand Japanese elm tree care requirements. When and how to water is perhaps the most important part of caring for these trees. Like other elms, Japanese elm trees need to be watered during extended dry periods. Provide water at the outside edge of their canopies, not close to the trunks. The root hairs of these trees that absorb water and nutrients are found on the root tips. Ideally, irrigate with a drip hose during periods of drought.
Japanese elm tree care also involves weeding around the trees. Weeds under an elm tree canopy compete for available water. Remove them regularly to keep your tree healthy.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月31日
Dummer. ゛☀
If you are familiar with Camperdown elm (Ulmus glabra ‘Camperdownii’), you are surely a fan of this lovely tree. If not, you may ask: “What is a Camperdown elm tree?” In either case, read on. You’ll find lots of interesting camperdown elm information below, including Camperdown elm history.
What is a Camperdown Elm Tree? Camperdown is a weeping elm tree with gorgeous twisted branches and dense foliage. Camperdown elm information tells us that the tree only grows to 25 feet tall, but can spread even wider than its height. The tree you’ll find in commerce in this country is generally a Camperdown weeping elm crown grafted to an Ulmus americana rootstock. Camperdown elm information gives you an idea of why the tree is so popular. Its crown is domed and dense, and the twisted, root-like branches, thick with green foliage, droop to the ground if left unpruned. In spring, Campberdown weeping elm trees are covered with blossoms. Although the flowers are small and, individually, insignificant, many of them appear at the same time. When the entire dome is covered, the plant turns from dark green to light, silvery green.
Camperdown Elm History The history of the Camperdown elm started over 100 years ago in Scotland. In 1835, a forester for the Earl of Camperdown found an elm tree growing with contorted branches in Dundee, Scotland. He transplanted the young tree within the gardens of Camperdown House, where it still stands under 9 feet tall with a weeping habit and contorted structure. Later, he grafted branches of it to other elms, producing the Camperdown weeping elm cultivar.
Camperdown Elm Tree Care You can grow your own Camperdown weeping elm if you live in a mild to cool climate. The tree thrives in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 5 through 7. Carefully selecting a planting site reduces the Camperdown elm tree care required to keep the tree happy and healthy. Position it in a location that gets full sun and offers moist, sandy, alkaline soil.
Camperdown elm tree care includes generous and regular irrigation, especially in times of drought. You’ll also have to spray it often to keep off leaf miners. The trees can contract Dutch Elm disease, though this doesn’t happen very often in this country.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月31日
Dummer. ゛☀
When you hear about a tree called slippery elm, you might ask: What is a slippery elm tree? Slippery elm information describes the tree as a tall, graceful native. Its inner bark contains mucilage, a substance that becomes slick and slippery when mixed with water, hence the name. Slippery elm has been used in herbal medicine in this country for centuries. Read on for information about growing slippery elm trees and slippery elm herb uses.
What is a Slippery Elm Tree? The scientific name for slippery elm is Ulmus rubra, but it’s generally called red elm or slippery elm. So exactly what is a slippery elm tree? It’s a tall tree indigenous to this continent with lovely arching branches. These elms can live for 200 years. The winter buds of slippery elms appear fuzzy, as they are covered with red-brown hairs. The flowers appear in spring before the leaves, each bearing at least five stamens. When the leaves appear, they are thick and stiff. The tree’s fruit is a flat samara, containing one seed only. However, the defining element of this elm is its slippery inner bark. It is this bark that is featured in slippery elm herb uses.
Slippery Elm Benefits If you are wondering about slippery elm benefits, most of them involve the inner bark of the tree. The first known use of slippery elm bark was by Native Americans as material for home building, cordage and creating storage baskets. However, its best known use involved scraping the inner bark of the tree to use for medicine. This medicine was used for many things – to treat swollen glands, as an eye wash for sore eyes, and poultices to heal sores. The inner bark was also made into a tea and ingested as a laxative or to ease childbirth pain. Slippery elm herb uses continue today. You’ll find slippery elm based medicine in health food stores. It is suggested as a helpful medicine for sore throats.
Growing Slippery Elm Trees If you want to start growing slippery elm trees, it isn’t very difficult. Gather slippery elm samaras in spring when they are ripe. You can knock them from branches or sweep them from the ground. The next step toward growing slippery elm trees is to air-dry the seeds for several days, then sow them. Don’t bother to remove the wings since you might damage them. Alternatively, you can stratify them at 41 degrees F. (5 C.) for 60-90 days in a moist medium before planting.
Transplant the seedlings into larger containers when they are several inches tall. You can also transplant them directly into your garden. Pick a site with moist, rich soil. Disclaimer: The contents of this article is for educational and gardening purposes only. Before using ANY herb or plant for medicinal purposes, please consult a physician or a medical herbalist for advice.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月31日
Dummer. ゛☀
Although lacebark elm (Ulmus parvifolia) is native to Asia, it was introduced to the United States in 1794. Since that time, it has become a popular landscape tree, suitable for growing in USDA hardiness zones 5 through 9. Read on for more helpful lacebark elm information.
Lacebark Elm Information Also known as Chinese elm, lacebark elm is a medium size tree that typically reaches heights of 40 to 50 feet. It is valued for its shiny, dark green foliage and rounded shape. The multiple colors and rich textures of lacebark elm bark (the focus of its name) are an added bonus. Lacebark elm provides shelter, food and nesting sites for a variety of birds, and the leaves attract a number of butterfly larvae.
Lacebark Elm Pros and Cons If you’re thinking about planting lacebark elm, growing this versatile tree is easy in well-drained soil, although it tolerates nearly any type of soil, including clay. It is a good shade tree and withstands a certain amount of drought. It is happy in prairies, meadows or home gardens. Unlike Siberian elm, lacebark is not considered to be a trash tree. Unfortunately, the two are frequently confused in nurseries.
One strong selling point is that lacebark elm has proven to be more resistant to Dutch elm disease, a deadly disease that often befalls other types of elm trees. It is also resistant to elm leaf beetle and Japanese beetle, both common elm tree pests. Any disease problems, including cankers, rots, leaf spots and wilt, tend to be relatively minor. There aren’t a lot of negatives when it comes to lacebark elm tree growing. However, the branches sometimes break when exposed to strong winds or laden with heavy snow or ice. Additionally, lacebark is considered to be invasive in some areas of the eastern and southwestern United States. It’s always a good idea to check with your local cooperative extension office before growing lacebark elm trees.
Care of Chinese Lacebark Elms Once established, care of Chinese lacebark elms is uninvolved. However, careful training and staking when the tree is young will get your lacebark elm off to a good start. Otherwise, water regularly during spring, summer and early autumn. Although lacebark elm is relatively drought tolerant, regular irrigation means a healthier, more attractive tree. Lacebark elms don’t require a lot of fertilizer, but a once or twice yearly application of a high-nitrogen fertilizer ensures the tree has proper nutrition if soil is poor or growth appears slow. Fertilize lacebark elm in early spring and again in late autumn, well before the soil freezes.
It’s critical to select a fertilizer that releases nitrogen into the soil slowly, as a quick release of nitrogen can cause weak growth and severe structural damage that invites pests and disease.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月31日
Dummer. ゛☀
Elms (Ulmus spp.) are stately and majestic trees that are an asset to any landscape. Growing elm trees provides a homeowner with cooling shade and unrivaled beauty for many years to come. Elm-lined streets were common in North America until Dutch elm disease struck in the 1930s, wiping out most of the trees. With new, disease-resistant varieties, however, elm trees are making a comeback. Let’s learn more about planting an elm tree.
About Elm Trees Elms are native to Europe, Asia and North America. They are used as specimen trees in residential landscapes and as street and park trees. They have a shallow root system that makes it difficult to grow anything under them, but their natural beauty and the quality of their shade makes it worth forgoing a garden under the tree. Chinese laceback elm (U. parvifolia) is one of the best elms for residential properties. It has an attractive, spreading canopy that provides far-reaching shade. Its shedding bark leaves an ornamental, puzzle-like pattern on the trunk. Here are some other types of elm trees to consider: American elm (U. americana) grows up to 120 feet tall with a rounded or vase-shaped crown. Smooth-leaved elm (U. carpinifolia) grows 100 feet tall. It has a conical shape with drooping branches. Scottish elm (U. glabra) has a dome-shaped crown and grows to 120 feet tall. Dutch Elm (U. platii) grows up to 120 feet with a wide-spreading canopy and drooping branches.
Dutch elm disease is one of the most important problems with elms. This devastating disease has killed millions of trees in the United States and Europe. Caused by a fungus spread by elm bark beetles, the disease is usually fatal. When considering planting an elm tree, always buy resistant cultivars. Elm Tree Care Elms prefer full sun or partial shade and moist, well-drained fertile soil. They adapt to wet or dry soil as well. They make good street trees because they tolerate urban conditions, but keep in mind than planting an elm tree near sidewalks can lead to cracks and raised areas. You can plant container-grown trees any time of year. Bare root, balled and burlapped elms are best planted in spring or late fall. Don’t amend the soil in the hole at planting time unless it is very poor. Add a little compost to the fill dirt for poor soils. Wait until next spring to fertilize an elm tree.
Mulch the tree immediately after planting. Mulch helps the soil hold moisture and reduces competition from weeds. Use a 2-inch layer of light mulch such as shredded leaves, hay or pine needles. Use 3 inches of bark mulch. Water young trees weekly in the absence of rain. A good way to water a young tree is to bury the end of a water hose a couple of inches in the soil and let the water run as slowly as possible for about an hour. After the first couple of years, the tree only needs watering during prolonged dry spells.
Fertilize young elms every spring with a complete and balanced fertilizer. Over-application of fertilizer can harm the tree, so follow the fertilizer manufacturer’s instructions exactly. Older trees that aren’t adding much new growth don’t need annual fertilization, but they will appreciate a light scattering of fertilizer now and then.
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