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权问薇
2018年02月07日
权问薇
[图片]种子的获取 花菖蒲的种子要从它的果实中获取。在1月中旬，花菖蒲的果实基本成熟，可以采摘。再将采到的果实打开，即可获得种子。 播种的时间 花菖蒲适合随采随播，收集好种子后就可以着手准备播种工作。若是要贮存种子，则需要先将种子种子晾干，尽量蒸发掉种内的水分，然后在0℃~4℃的冰箱中低温冷藏，待到来年三月份或是九月份复苏，用于播种。 [图片]土壤的选择 为了给种子提供足够的空气支持，在选择培植土时应尽量选择空气流通性强的培植土，这样能大大提高种子的出芽率。 为了满足种子发芽后的幼株成长所需，所选用的培植土应该含有较高的肥力，保证种子能从土中汲取到足够的营养。 应尽量选择有一定排水性的培植土进行种植。若是所用培植土的排水性不佳，可能会在土中产生积水，引起种子腐烂。 它偏好湿地，所选培植土应该有一定程度以上的保湿能力。 [图片]种植方法 选取一个大小适中的花盆，将培植土放到其中，铲平土面。此时要注意千万不要用力压土，以免培植土的密度过大，造成土内空气流通不顺。 将选好的种子均匀的放到土面上。此时要注意尽量保证种子之间保持足够的距离，以免长成的成株距离过近，竞争生存资源。 再在种子上覆盖一层培植土，要尽量保证土壤厚度适中，不能太厚也不能太薄。盖土太厚易导致种子难以出芽，盖土太薄易导致成株的根系暴露在土外，容易受到损伤。 后期打理 撒好种子后应找一个半阴的房间放置花盆。要留意花盆中培养土的湿度，不能让它干燥。要及时浇水保证它湿润，给种子一个合适的生长环境。 不用多久，它们就会长出来了。 [图片]
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权问薇
2018年02月07日
权问薇
[图片]播种的时间 一般来说花菱草适合在秋天进行播种，但是北方的花友可以选择初春时节在室内播种。 土壤的选择 虽然花菱草的种子发芽并不需要从外界吸收养分，但是选择一种肥沃的培植土更有利于出芽后幼株的生长。 它怕涝，又喜欢潮湿的生长环境，所以应该选用有一定保湿能力却又不会积水的培植土。 应该选用有一定通气能力的培植土，这有助于种子更好的萌发。 在播种之前应该用药液或者是曝晒等方式对配置图进行消毒处理，保证种子的发芽环境良好。 [图片]种植的方法 在准备好的培植土上施一些基肥，提供一定的营养补充，再放入少量的腐烂花叶，保证一定的腐殖质含量。 准备好一个尺寸合适的花盆，具体的大小可以根据自己的重质量而决定。 将花盆完全浸入消毒液中进行消毒，至少30分钟。之后将花盆取出，用纯水冲刷，至少三次，保证没有消毒液残余。 之后将它放到有风处等到晾干，此时要避免一些脏物触碰到花盆内部，造成二次污染。 将消好毒的培植土放到花盆中，不要放的太满，使培植土体积占到花盆容积的80%左右为宜。 用铲子将土面处理平整。注意不要使劲压土面，轻轻的铲平即可。 [图片]将准备好的种子均匀的撒到土表，注意动作不能太用力，最好轻拿轻放。这样可以保证种子不会在移动过程中受到损伤，保证它具有良好的萌发条件。 此时注意播撒种子要均匀，不能一块多一块少。这样一来可以保证每粒种子都有足够的空间生长，不会因为缺乏资源而难以出芽，二来可以保证长出来的成株分布均匀，不会影响整盆植株的观赏性。 最后用一层1~3cm的培植土覆于其上，用水壶将培植土浇至湿润，就完成种植了。 [图片]
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权问薇
2018年02月07日
权问薇
[图片]1. 花韭的基本信息 花韭，又称春星韭，是一种原产于阿根廷的单子叶植物。因为他与韭菜十分的相像，因此人们给他取名花韭。又因为春开花，花型似星星，所以又叫春星韭 花期：春季开花，从3月开始开花，一直开到6月，夏季休眠。 外形：他的叶片扁平，株高15~20cm，有香味 花色：有白色、 黄色、粉色、蓝色、淡蓝色、紫色等。花多且密，简直碎花控必备！ [图片]2.花韭的栽培要点 土质：最好使用泥炭土加珍珠岩的搭配，既透气又富有营养。 日照：日照时间不能过长，比较适宜于温暖避风的地方。 水份：浇水适量，土层表面略有湿润即可。 肥料：饼肥作为基础肥料，再加一些骨粉，花期快到了就要多加施磷钾肥来促进花蕾形成 种植：秋天最易栽植，一般来说国庆前后就可以入土了，但是如果在南方可以再晚些时日。挖一个土坑，大约有两个球茎那么长，再把花种进去。花都谢了以后，一定要正常的施肥，等到叶子完全掉光再把种球誊出来，放在阴凉通风的地方用纸包好。即便是很小的花韭球根，只要精心养护，当年就可以开出美丽的花来。 [图片]3.种植小贴士 花韭非常皮实，少浇水，最好放室外，是懒人必备 花朵耐寒耐旱，放在室外冷冻一段时间花儿会开的更多。 一般是10月中下开花，第二年会在2-3月份开花，整个花期大概可以持续40天左右。 一般情况下偶尔出现的黄叶是很正常的，只要把他们拔掉就可以，无需过度担心。 只要养护得当，繁殖非常快，注意检查是否需要换一个更大的花盆了 经过这么详细的介绍，相信你已经是一个能够自己养好花韭的小专家了，赶快去花鸟市场买几个球球，来年春天你就能收获一大盆的鲜艳花韭了！ [图片]
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家里的二哈爱吃花
2018年02月07日
家里的二哈爱吃花
[图片]花叶病 此病害会危害整个株体，感染初期，植物的叶子会渐渐变小，且叶形也会开始不规则化，随着加重后，植物的表面会出现深绿色的纹路。得此病的植株开出的花朵也会变小，花形也会开始不规则化，花瓣上同样会带有纹路，严重时会直接造成植物花期消失。此病害很容易传染。 防治方法 此病害大多是由两种原因引发的，第一个原因是虫害导致的，第二个原因则是其它植物传染的。所以想要避免此病害的发生就要先进行杂草的清理，然后防止虫害发生。 [图片]褐斑病 此病害会让植物的表面出现褐色的斑点。 防止方法 此病害是通风与雨所传染的。所以日常养殖时，尽量不要让其淋雨，发病后用药物进行喷洒。 [图片]斑点病 此病害主要侵蚀植物的叶子。植株最低部的叶子开始发病，慢慢上升到上部分的叶子。严重时植株会死亡。 防治方法 合理的施肥可以有效的预防此病害。发病后要选择对症药物进行喷洒。 [图片]灰霉病 此病害是苣叶报春最常见的病害。被此病害侵蚀后，整株植物都会慢慢泛黄，然后枯萎死亡。 防治方法 保持良好的通风环境，且环境的最好不要过于潮湿。
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权问薇
2018年02月07日
权问薇
[图片]一、种子繁殖 1.采集 虽然所有植物都有种子，但是有些植物的种子却非常的脆弱，所以需要在合适的时间采集。这种植物的种子就是这样，细小、寿命也非常短暂，如果时间一长，很容易无法发芽。这种植物的种子，取得之后，一般在20天内就全部萌发。 [图片]2.播种 种植后一周左右开始萌发，前三天就可以萌发大量的种子，为了保证数量和质量，一般都是在6月份进行播种。如果是秋季播种，那么就不是很利于萌发，并且就算是萌发出来，植物也是非常矮小，生长出来的花朵也不好看，所以尽量不要在秋季播种。 3.注意事项 种子的颗粒大小和重量也是非常重要的，比较大的种子萌发的比较好，而小种子就会差很多，这可能跟种子内部营养物质的多少有关，所以也是值得注意的地方。种子种植后，需要经过一定的光照才能萌发，因为这种植物内部的物质需要阳光才能激活，但是绝对不能收到阳光的直接照射，否则会影响植物发芽率。 二、扦插繁殖 1.方法 在每年八月份末期到九月开始之前的这段时间，选择健康的植物，取下一段大小合适的枝条，下方切口需要留下芽，并且枝条上有几片叶子，在吲哚丁酸中快速沾一下进行扦插。 2.注意事项 扦插的土应该用湿润的沙子，注意一下植物互相的间距，留有合适生长的空间，让叶片垂向同一个方向，不能重叠或者接触地面。插完后需要浇透水，并且用塑料膜进行覆盖。还应该进行适当的遮光处理。 确定已经成活之后，也就是根部开始发育以后，还需要去除杂草，并按照一定周期进行施肥。培育达到成熟以后，就可以把植物进行定植，一般选定开花之前进行，不影响开花。
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Miss Chen
2018年02月07日
Miss Chen
Description: This plant is a biennial or short-lived perennial that persists as a low rosette of basal leaves for 2-4 years. The blades of these basal leaves are up to 6" long and 5" across; they are bipinnate-pinnatifid or pinnate-pinnatifid in structure and triangular in outline. Individual leaflets (or subleaflets) are moderately to deeply divided into pinnate lobes; these lobes usually have a few coarse teeth along their margins. The surface of basal blades is medium green and glabrous (or nearly so). The petioles of the basal leaves are up to 4" long and they are covered with short fine pubescence to a greater or lesser extent. In addition, the leaflets of the basal leaves have conspicuous petiolules (basal stalklets). The petiolules of the terminal leaflets are longer than those of the lateral leaflets. Eventually, this plant bolts to produce a single flowering stalk with a few alternate leaves. This stalk is light green to pale brownish red, terete (round in cross-section), somewhat stout, and 1½-3' tall. It is unbranched, except toward the apex, where the umbels of flowers occur, and usually it is covered with short fine pubescence to a greater or less extent. The alternate leaves are up to 3" long and 3" across, pinnate-pinnatifid in structure, triangular in outline, and sessile; they become smaller in size as they ascend the stem. Similar to the basal leaves, the leaflets of alternate leaves are moderately to deeply divided into pinnate lobes; these lobes usually have a few coarse teeth along their margins. The surface of alternate leaves is medium green and glabrous (or nearly so). The central stalk terminates in a few compound umbels of flowers that span 1½-3" across. In addition, lateral compound umbels of flowers often develop from the axils of upper leaves on peduncles 2" long or more. Depending on their stage of development, the tops of these umbels areDistribution Map dome-shaped to nearly flat. A typical umbel will have about 10-15 congested umbellets, and each umbellet will have 10-15 flowers. The rays (stalklets) of both the umbels and umbellets are light green, angular, and more or less covered with short fine pubescence. Both umbels and umbellets lack significant floral bracts. When such bracts are present, they are small in size, linear in shape, and soon wither away. Each flower has 5 yellow petals with incurved tips, a light green or yellowish green calyx with 5 minute ovate teeth, 5 stamens, and a pistil. Individual flowers are about 1/8" (3 mm.) across. The blooming period occurs from mid-spring to early summer for about 1 month. Each flower is replaced by a dry fruit (schizocarp) that becomes 6-9 mm. long at maturity. Immature fruits are green, but they later become yellow, and finally brown. Each fruit consists of a pair of seeds that develop winged margins at maturity. These seeds are distributed to some extent by the wind. The root system consists of a deep taproot. Cultivation: The preference is full sun, mesic to dry conditions, and soil containing loam, rocky material, or sand. The seeds can be difficult to germinate, requiring a winter dormancy of about 120 days, and each plant is rather slow to develop after germination has occurred. Range & Habitat: The native Prairie Parsley occurs in scattered areas of northern, southern, and west-central Illinois, where it is fairly uncommon. Populations of this plant within the state appear to be declining. Illinois lies along the NE range limit of this plant. Habitats include upland prairies, hill prairies, limestone glades, chert glades, thinly wooded bluffs, and savannas. Prairie Parsley is an indicator plant of original prairie. It is rarely found in disturbed areas. This conservative species may require occasional wildfires to remove excess brush and debris, and to facilitate germination of the seeds. Faunal Associations: The tiny flowers attract primarily small bees, miscellaneous flies, and occasional wasps (Robertson, 1929). Prairie Parsley is one of the species in the Carrot family that the oligolectic bee, Andrena ziziae, visits for pollen and nectar. The caterpillars of a butterfly, Papilio polyxenes asterius (Black Swallowtail), feed on the foliage of this plant. Cattle and other mammalian herbivores browse readily on the non-toxic foliage. [图片]Photographic Location: The wildflower garden of the webmaster in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: Most people might regard Prairie Parsley as another weed, but it is a conservative native plant with high fidelity to prairies. This plant is perhaps at its most attractive when its fruits have reached the showy yellow stage. The native Prairie Parsley in Illinois should not be confused with either Wild Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) or Golden Alexanders (Zizia aurea). Like Prairie Parsley, Wild Parsnip and Golden Alexanders have compound umbels of small yellow flowers, but they differ by having simple-pinnate leaves with leaflets that are less lobed. Another species, Flat-Leaved Parsley (Petroselinum crispum neapolitanum), has compound leaves and compound umbels of flowers that are very similar to those of Prairie Parsley, but Flat-Leaved Parsley differs by having mature seeds that lack winged margins.
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Miss Chen
2018年02月07日
Miss Chen
Description: This annual plant is usually unbranched and 4-12" tall. The central stem is sharply angular and hairless. The alternate or opposite leaves are sessile against the stem, ranging up to 1½" in length and 1/6" (4 mm.) across. They have a prominent mid-vein, smooth margins, and are linear or oblong-linear in shape. The central stem terminates in a spike-like raceme of flowers. This raceme is about 1" long and ½" across. The flowers are variable in color, ranging from purplish pink, white, or green. An individual flower consists of two large sepals (i.e., the wings), three small sepals that are barely perceptible, and three small petals that form a narrow tube. One of these petals has a small crest at its tip. The wings are about 1/3" (8 mm.) long and ovate – they are the most prominent part of the flower and determine its color. The tiny tube of the petals has a similar color, but is short-lived, typically occurring near the apex of the inflorescence amid the wings. The stalk beneath the raceme has an irregular surface and spike-like remnants of the bracts where the older flowers occurred. The blooming period is from mid-summer to early fall, and lasts about 1-2 months for a colony of plants. Each flower is replaced by a capsule containing two seeds that are hairy. The root system consists of a slender taproot that has a wintergreen fragrance. This plant spreads by reseeding itself. Cultivation: The preference is full or partial sun and moist to dry conditions. Poor soil is preferred, as this reduces competition from other plant species. This plant often grows in soil that sandy or rocky, but will thrive in loamy soil as well if it receives adequate sunlight. Range & Distribution: The native Field Milkwort occurs occasionally in most counties of Illinois. It is the most common Polygala spp. (Milkwort species) in the state. Habitats include moist to dry prairies, sand prairies, typical savannas and sandy savannas, woodland edges, glades, and abandoned fields. Faunal Associations: The nectar of the flowers attracts small to medium-sized long-tongued bees, short-tongue bees, and bee flies. Among the bees, are such visitors as Dagger bees, Miner bees, and Cuckoo bees. Little information is available about the food value of the Milkworts to birds and animals. Photographic Location: A moist sand prairie at Hooper Branch Savanna Nature Preserve in Iroquois County, Illinois. The location was flooded earlier in the year, which is why the leaves have a muddy appearance. Comments: As a group, the Milkworts have not received as much attention as they deserve. Some species, such as this one, have fairly attractive flowers. They are usually found in locations with acid sandy soil, but some species prefer dry sites with rocky material or loess. The Polygala spp. can be distinguished from each other by taking into consideration the following: 1) whether the leaves are alternate or whorled, 2) the shape, size, and color of the wings on the flowers, 3) the density of flowers on the spike or spike-like raceme, and 4) the conspicuousness of the tubular petals. The slender leaves of Field Milkwort are usually alternate, rather than whorled. This species has fairly large wings (about 1/3" or 8 mm.) that are ovate in shape. They are often purplish pink, but may turn white near the base. The density of flowers on the spike-like raceme is high, while the tubular petals are inconspicuous. Field Milkwort has a wide distribution in the Eastern United States, and different varieties have been described.
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Miss Chen
2018年02月07日
Miss Chen
Description: This annual plant is 4-12" tall and usually unbranched. The central stem is angular and hairless. The leaves occur in whorls of 4 and are sessile against the stem. They are up to 1½" long and 1/3" (8 mm.) across, linear or linear-oblong in shape, with smooth margins. The central stem terminates in a dense spike of flowers up to 2-3" long and 1" across. These flowers are variable in color, ranging from purplish pink or pink to greenish white. Each flower is about 1/3" (8 mm.) across, consisting of 2 large sepals (called 'wings'), 3 tiny sepals, and 3 petals that form a narrow tube with a crest at its apex. The wings are the most conspicuous part of the flower and determine its color. They are broadly triangular (or deltoid) in shape, and lie to the right and left of the tubular petals. These wings persist on the spike long after the petals have fallen off, and have the appearance of sharp-pointed bracts. The narrow tubular petals are observable near the apex of the spike. They are usually some shade of pink, but quickly fade to brownish yellow, before falling off the spike. The blooming period occurs from mid-summer to early fall, and lasts about 1-2 months. When fertilization occurs, each flower is replaced by a 2-seeded capsule. The seeds are hairy. The root system consists of a taproot. This plant spreads by reseeding itself. Cultivation: The preference is full or partial sun, and moist sandy soil. The pH should be somewhat acid. This plant can withstand occasional flooding if it is temporary. Range & Habitat: Cross-Leaved Milkwort occurs primarily in NE Illinois (see Distribution Map). It is an uncommon plant and native to Illinois. Habitats include moist sand prairies, shrub prairies, sandy Black Oak savannas, and edges of sandy marshes. It also occurs along paths in these areas, preferring the reduced competition from taller plants. Faunal Associations: Probably small to medium-sized long-tongued and short-tongued bees visit the flowers for nectar. Little information is available about this plant's value as a food source to birds or mammals. Photographic Location: Along a path in the Hooper Branch Savanna Nature Preserve in Iroquois County, Illinois, where Cross-Leaved Milkwort occurred in a moist sand prairie that was somewhat shrubby and sunny moist areas of Black Oak Savanna. This area was prone to occasional flooding from heavy rains. Comments: The thick spike of flowers of this odd little plant is very conspicuous and easy to spot. Cross-Leaved Milkwort is relatively easy to identify because of the bract-like wings that spread horizontally (left and right) from the center of each flower. In other species of Milkwort, these wings are held upright and resemble petals. The whorled leaves are another distinctive feature, as many species of Milkwort have alternate leaves. Another common name for this plant is 'Drumheads,' which refers to the shape of the stout spike of flowers. Different varieties of Cross-Leaved Milkwort have been described, but only Polygala cruciata aquilonia is known to occur in Illinois.
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Miss Chen
2018年02月07日
Miss Chen
Description: This annual plant is about 2' tall and largely unbranched, except near the base. The major stems are stout, round, and covered with rather long glandular hairs, especially where new growth occurs. The lower and middle compound leaves along the stems are trifoliate with long petioles. The individual leaflets are about 1½" long and ½" across. They are oval, ovate, or oblong, and have smooth margins that are slightly ciliate. Their surface is dull green and covered with short fuzzy hairs, with longer hairs occurring along the lower central vein. When the foliage is bruised or rubbed against, a fetid odor is emitted. Smaller leaves on short petioles occur along the upper stems that are simple, rather than compound. The major stems terminate in racemes of flowers of variable length – these flowers are whorled near the apex of the stems with scattered seedpods below. Each flower is about 1" across and has an unusual structure. There are 4 white petals about ½" long that are heart-shaped, but with a long narrow base. About 8-12 strongly exerted stamens are reddish purple and rather unequal in length, with the upper stamens about twice the length of the petals. The single slender style is much shorter than the stamens and less conspicuous. At the base of each flower, is a gland that secretes a conspicuous drop of bright red fluid. The calyx is divided into 4 triangular sepals that are reddish purple. The flowers occur on long hairy pedicels. The blooming period occurs from summer until the fall, and can last several months. There is no obvious floral scent. Pollinated flowers develop sizeable seedpods up to 3" long that are sessile against the pedicels (i.e., there is no stipular growth at the base of the seedpods). These seedpods resemble stout bean pods that can divide into two halves. Each seedpod has fuzzy hairs on the outer surface, and forms a long terminal spike that withers away as the seedpod matures. Mature seedpods are held more or less erect, rather than drooping downward from the stems. The individual seeds have an irregular patterned surface. The root system consists of a long taproot without rhizomes. This plant spreads by reseeding itself. Cultivation: It is best to growth this plant in full sunlight, mesic to dry conditions, and soil that is rocky or sandy. The base of the central stem of this plant may sprawl along the ground if it is grown in moist, fertile soil. Foliar disease and insect pests are not generally troublesome. [图片]Range & Habitat: Large-Flowered Clammyweed is an uncommon plant that occurs in widely scattered counties in Illinois (see Distribution Map), where it is probably native. This plant is more common in areas that lie to the west of Illinois. Within the state, it has been found in such natural habitats as openings in bluffs, glades, or hill prairies, and may occur occasionally as an adventive plant along railroads. Because of the ornamental flowers, this plant can be found in flower gardens, but this is uncommon. Faunal Associations: Various bees visit the flowers for nectar, while flower flies feed on the pollen from the exerted anthers. However, the latter group of insects does not effectively pollinate the flowers. The foliage is not known to be toxic to mammalian herbivores, notwithstanding the fetid odor, but little appears to be known about the attractiveness of the foliage as a food source. Similarly, little is known about the attractiveness of the seeds to small rodents or upland gamebirds. Because the seeds of similar kinds of plants, such as the Cleome spp. (Bee Plants) in the western states, are occasionally eaten by the Ring-Necked Pheasant, Mourning Dove, and various small rodents, it is possible that the same or similar species also eat the seeds of Polanisia spp. (Clammyweeds). [图片]Photographic Location: The edge of vegetable garden in Meadowbrook Park, Urbana, Illinois. The plant was blooming during early September. Comments: Large-Flowered Clammyweed is primarily a western species, and Illinois lies on the eastern edge of its distribution. It is fairly attractive while in bloom and has some resemblance to Cleome hassleriana (Spider Flower) of mass-market horticulture. This latter species is a larger plant from South America with palmate compound leaves. The more typical variety of Clammyweed, Polanisia dodecandra dodecandra, has smaller flowers with petals about ¼" and stamens that are barely longer than the petals. It less showy than the variety of Clammyweed that is described here, and it has a more eastern distribution. An uncommon species of Clammyweed, Polanisia jamesii (James' Clammyweed), is a sand prairie species that has narrow leaflets and flower petals with irregular fringed edges. What distinguishes the Polanisia spp. (Clammyweeds) from the Cleome spp. (Bee Plants) is the lack of a stipe connecting the seedpod with the pedicel. This stipe of the Bee Plants is a stalk-like extension of the developing seedpod. Both groups of plants are members of the Caper family.
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Miss Chen
2018年02月07日
Miss Chen
Description: This plant is a summer annual that branches sparingly to occasionally; it is ¾–2' tall. The stems are light green or light reddish green, terete, finely short-pubescent, and sparsely to abundantly hairy. The leaves are opposite or alternate; they occur sparingly along the stems, except at their apices, where they occur in dense pseudo-whorls. The leaves are ¾–3" long and ¼-1" across; they are at least twice as long as they are across. Depending on the variety, the leaves are variably shaped; var. dentata has leaves that are elliptic-lanceolate to ovate, while var. cuphosperma has leaves that are linear-lanceolate to elliptic. The leaf margins are coarsely dentate. The leaf bases are wedge-shaped, while their tips are bluntly acute to acute. The upper leaf surfaces are medium to dark green and glabrous, while the lower leaf surfaces are light-medium to medium green and glabrous to short-pubescent along the lower sides of the veins. The petioles are 3-20 mm. (1/8–3/4") long, light green, glabrous to short-pubescent, and narrowly winged toward the leaf bases. The foliage of this plant exudes a white milky sap when it becomes damaged. The stems terminate in flat-topped clusters of flowers spanning about ¾–2" across. Each cluster of flowers has several cyathia with a mixture of flowers and immature fruits; the cyathia and fruits are light green and glabrous, although sometimes the fruits become light red or purple in response to strong sunlight. A cyathium is a small cup-like structure spanning about 3 mm. (1/8") across that contains a single pistillate (female) flower and several surrounding staminate (male) flowers. These flowers are devoid of petals and sepals; their tiny reproductive organs are yellow, light pink, or white. Underneath the clusters of flowers, there are small leafy bracts up to ¾" long and ¼" across; they are few in number and linear-elliptic to elliptic in shape. The blooming period occurs from mid-summer to autumn, lasting about 1 month for a colony of plants. There is no noticeable floral scent. After blooming, the pistillate flowers are replaced with 3-lobed nodding fruits that span about 4-5 mm. across. These fruits are subgloboid (globoid and slightly flattened) in shape, and they are exserted from their cyathia on short curved stalks. [图片]Each fruit contains 3 seeds. Individual seeds are 2–2.5 mm. long and slightly less across, ovoid-globoid in shape, gray to nearly black, minutely bumpy across the surface, and grooved along one side. The root system consists of a taproot. Cultivation: The preference is full sun, mesic to dry conditions, and poor soil containing significant amounts of clay, sand, or gravel. Disease rarely bothers the leaves and drought resistance is excellent. The seeds germinate after the weather becomes warm. Range & Habitat: The native Toothed Spurge occurs in almost all counties of Illinois (see Distribution Map), where it is occasional to locally common. Habitats include disturbed areas of upland prairies (including gravel and sand prairies), hill prairies, open upland thickets, limestone glades, abandoned fields, areas along cultivated fields, areas along railroads, areas along parking lots, roadsides, and open waste ground. Among these various habitats, Toothed Spurge is perhaps most common along railroads. This plant favors open disturbed areas. [图片]Faunal Associations: The flowers are probably visited by small bees, Syrphid flies, and wasps; both nectar and pollen are available as floral rewards. A flea beetle, Glyptina cyanipennis, feeds on Toothed Spurge (Clark et al., 2004). Some aphids feed on spurges (Euphorbia spp.) and probably Toothed Spurge as well; these species include Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Macrosiphum gei (Hottes & Frison, 1931; Cranshaw, 2004). The seeds of spurges are consumed by the Mourning Dove, Greater Prairie Chicken, Bobwhite Quail, and Horned Lark (Martin et al., 1951/1961). Because the milky latex in the foliage can irritate the mouth parts and gastrointestinal tract of mammalian herbivores, it is rarely consumed by them. Photographic Location: The photographs were taken at the Windsor Road Prairie in Champaign, Illinois. Comments: Sometimes this plant is referred to as Euphorbia dentata. Toothed Spurge is closely related to Wild Poinsettia (Poinsettia cyathophora); this latter plant also occurs in Illinois. Wild Poinsettia has upper leaves and bracts that turn red at their bases near the inflorescence; it is the showier of the two plants. Both of these plants are rather weedy in their habits.
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