文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +2m tall, glabrous, glaucous, erect, simple, herbaceous, solid to subhollow, green with purple at nodes only.
Leaves - In whorls of 4 or 5, petiolate, Petioles to +/-2cm long, green. glabrous. Blades to 30cm long, +9cm broad, elliptic-lanceolate, tapering at base, coarse serrate, acuminate, very sparse pubescent above, tomentoulose below. Teeth with strigillose margins and with prickle tip from vascular tissue extending beyond leaf tissue.
Inflorescence - Flowers in a terminal paniculate cyme to 30cm tall (long), +/-20 cm in diameter. Branches of inflorescence tomentoulose to tomentose, green.
Involucre - 8-9mm tall (long), 2-2.3mm in diameter, greenish white at base, lilac above. Phyllaries imbricate. Outer phyllaries tomentoulose externally. Innermost phyllaries 8mm long, 1mm broad, with scarious margins and few cilia at apex. Flowers 4-6 per head.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Corolla tube 5-6mm long, 5-lobed, appressed pubescent, lilac. Lobes .9mm long, acute. Stamens 5, adnate about 1/2 way up corolla tube. Anthers whitish-pink, 2mm long, connate around style. Style bifurcate. Stigmas 5-6mm long. Achenes blackish, angled, to 3.5mm long, glabrous. Pappus of capillary bristles to 6.5mm long.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Moist ground, wooded slopes, wet meadows and thickets, streambanks.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be distinguished from the similar E. fistulosum Barratt by its green solid stems with purple nodes. E. fistulosum is much less common in the wild( in Missouri) and has completely purple stems which are hollow. Both species are popular in cultivation and often misnamed.
The flowers of E. purpureum appear white at first but become more purplish with age. The species name of the plant, purpureum, means "becoming purple".
Stems - To +2m tall, glabrous, glaucous, erect, simple, herbaceous, solid to subhollow, green with purple at nodes only.
Leaves - In whorls of 4 or 5, petiolate, Petioles to +/-2cm long, green. glabrous. Blades to 30cm long, +9cm broad, elliptic-lanceolate, tapering at base, coarse serrate, acuminate, very sparse pubescent above, tomentoulose below. Teeth with strigillose margins and with prickle tip from vascular tissue extending beyond leaf tissue.
Inflorescence - Flowers in a terminal paniculate cyme to 30cm tall (long), +/-20 cm in diameter. Branches of inflorescence tomentoulose to tomentose, green.
Involucre - 8-9mm tall (long), 2-2.3mm in diameter, greenish white at base, lilac above. Phyllaries imbricate. Outer phyllaries tomentoulose externally. Innermost phyllaries 8mm long, 1mm broad, with scarious margins and few cilia at apex. Flowers 4-6 per head.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Corolla tube 5-6mm long, 5-lobed, appressed pubescent, lilac. Lobes .9mm long, acute. Stamens 5, adnate about 1/2 way up corolla tube. Anthers whitish-pink, 2mm long, connate around style. Style bifurcate. Stigmas 5-6mm long. Achenes blackish, angled, to 3.5mm long, glabrous. Pappus of capillary bristles to 6.5mm long.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Moist ground, wooded slopes, wet meadows and thickets, streambanks.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be distinguished from the similar E. fistulosum Barratt by its green solid stems with purple nodes. E. fistulosum is much less common in the wild( in Missouri) and has completely purple stems which are hollow. Both species are popular in cultivation and often misnamed.
The flowers of E. purpureum appear white at first but become more purplish with age. The species name of the plant, purpureum, means "becoming purple".
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +2m tall, erect, simple, herbaceous, hollow, solid purple to purplish-green with purple mottling, glabrous, typically glaucous, from fibrous roots.
Leaves - In whorls of 4 to 5, petiolate. Petiole to +2cm long, glabrous. Blade to +25cm long, +8cm broad, elliptic to elliptic lanceolate, serrate, acuminate, pubescent below. Teeth of margins with minute prickle tip caused by vascular tissue extending beyond leaf tissue.
Inflorescence - Flower heads in terminal paniculate cyme to +30cm tall (long), +/-20cm broad. Branches of inflorescence tomentoulose, reddish-purple. Flower heads with 5-6 flowers.
Involucre - 9mm long(tall), 2.5mm in diameter, greenish near base fading to pinkish-purple above. Phyllaries imbricate. Outermost phyllaries tomentoulose. Inner phyllaries mostly glabrous and with ciliolate margins.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Flowers +/-5 per head. Corolla tube to 3.1mm long, 5-lobed, pink to purplish, glabrous. Lobes acute, .9mm long, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate about 1/2 way up corolla tube, alternating with corolla lobes. Filaments pinkish, glabrous. Anthers pinkish-purple, 1.1mm long. Style bifurcate. Stigmas to 3.5mm long, well exserted. Achenes green in flower, 3mm long.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Moist ground, wet meadows, cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species occurs naturally in only a few counties in Missouri. It is, however, widely cultivated and can be found nearly throughout the state. The brilliant purple stems and large inflorescences make it a desirable plant. This species is often confused with E. purpureum L. but the latter has more greenish stems, which are typically solid, and lighter colored flowers.
Stems - To +2m tall, erect, simple, herbaceous, hollow, solid purple to purplish-green with purple mottling, glabrous, typically glaucous, from fibrous roots.
Leaves - In whorls of 4 to 5, petiolate. Petiole to +2cm long, glabrous. Blade to +25cm long, +8cm broad, elliptic to elliptic lanceolate, serrate, acuminate, pubescent below. Teeth of margins with minute prickle tip caused by vascular tissue extending beyond leaf tissue.
Inflorescence - Flower heads in terminal paniculate cyme to +30cm tall (long), +/-20cm broad. Branches of inflorescence tomentoulose, reddish-purple. Flower heads with 5-6 flowers.
Involucre - 9mm long(tall), 2.5mm in diameter, greenish near base fading to pinkish-purple above. Phyllaries imbricate. Outermost phyllaries tomentoulose. Inner phyllaries mostly glabrous and with ciliolate margins.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Flowers +/-5 per head. Corolla tube to 3.1mm long, 5-lobed, pink to purplish, glabrous. Lobes acute, .9mm long, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate about 1/2 way up corolla tube, alternating with corolla lobes. Filaments pinkish, glabrous. Anthers pinkish-purple, 1.1mm long. Style bifurcate. Stigmas to 3.5mm long, well exserted. Achenes green in flower, 3mm long.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Moist ground, wet meadows, cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species occurs naturally in only a few counties in Missouri. It is, however, widely cultivated and can be found nearly throughout the state. The brilliant purple stems and large inflorescences make it a desirable plant. This species is often confused with E. purpureum L. but the latter has more greenish stems, which are typically solid, and lighter colored flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Rubiaceae
Stems - Erect to prostrate, +20cm tall, herbaceous, 4-angled, variously pubescent, reddish with age and in strong sun, from taproot.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, entire to denticulate, linear to linear-lanceolate, variously pubescent, to 5cm long, 6mm broad, acute to aristate. Stipule (membrane) connecting leaf bases with reddish erect capillary bristles.
Inflorescence - Axillary clusters of 1 to 3 sessile flowers.
Flowers - Corolla lilac to whitish, 4-lobed, funnelform, 4-6mm long, pubescent externally. Lobes acute to aristulate. Stamens 4, adnate near apex of corolla tube, exserted (slightly). Anthers pale yellow to whitish. Stigma biglobose. Ovary inferior. Sepals 4, lanceolate, green, to 2mm long, persistent on fruit. Fruit pubescent, biglobose, splitting into 2 nutlets.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, gravel beds along streams, glades, prairies, pastures, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a fairly common plant in the lower 2/3 of the state. It is capable of growing in some very inhospitable locations. The plant is easy to identify in the field because of its bluish flowers and long stipular bristles.
Stems - Erect to prostrate, +20cm tall, herbaceous, 4-angled, variously pubescent, reddish with age and in strong sun, from taproot.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, entire to denticulate, linear to linear-lanceolate, variously pubescent, to 5cm long, 6mm broad, acute to aristate. Stipule (membrane) connecting leaf bases with reddish erect capillary bristles.
Inflorescence - Axillary clusters of 1 to 3 sessile flowers.
Flowers - Corolla lilac to whitish, 4-lobed, funnelform, 4-6mm long, pubescent externally. Lobes acute to aristulate. Stamens 4, adnate near apex of corolla tube, exserted (slightly). Anthers pale yellow to whitish. Stigma biglobose. Ovary inferior. Sepals 4, lanceolate, green, to 2mm long, persistent on fruit. Fruit pubescent, biglobose, splitting into 2 nutlets.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, gravel beds along streams, glades, prairies, pastures, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a fairly common plant in the lower 2/3 of the state. It is capable of growing in some very inhospitable locations. The plant is easy to identify in the field because of its bluish flowers and long stipular bristles.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Lamiaceae
Stems - To +50cm tall, from thin rhizomes or a small caudex, multiple from base, 4-angled, sparse lanate above, glabrescent below, branching, erect, brown and appearing woody.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, sessile, ovate, acute, rounded at base, coarse shallow serrate, punctate, sparse pubescent below, pubescent on midrib above, to 4cm long, 2cm broad, fragrant.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary compound cymes. Each division of inflorescence subtended by a pair of minute oblong bracts. Bracts to 3mm long, punctate.
Divisions of inflorescence also with tufts of hispid hairs.Flowers - Corolla tube to 3mm long, pubescent externally, long hirsute internally at base, punctate, 4-lobed(weakly bilabiate). Lobes to 1.3mm long, blunt to rounded at apex, glabrous internally, pubescent and punctate externally. Upper lobe notched at apex. Corolla lobes and tube purple, with darker purple spotting internally. Stamens 2, adnate at base of corolla tube, well exserted. Filaments pinkish-purple, to 5mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellowish-purple, .6mm broad, .5mm long. Style lilac, glabrous, to 4mm long, exserted. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary 4-parted. Calyx tube to 2.5mm long, punctate, glabrous externally villous internally(the hairs white), 10-nerved, 5-lobed. Lobes .4mm long, glabrous externally, acute. Nutlets to 1.3mm long at maturity, brown, glabrous.
Flowering - July - November.
Habitat - Dry open rocky woods, slopes, ridges, open ground, prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little aromatic plant is sometimes overlooked in the field but is quite nice. The leaves of the plant are quite minty and have been brewed traditionally as a tea for medicinal and culinary uses. The tea was used to treat headaches, fevers, and even snakebites.
This species, and a handful of others, are also producers of something called "frost flowers." Frost flowers are thin, layered eruptions of ice crystals which burst from the xylem of the plant stems in early fall. If you want to learn more about frost flowers see the October/November 2000 issue of Missouri Conservationist magazine.
Stems - To +50cm tall, from thin rhizomes or a small caudex, multiple from base, 4-angled, sparse lanate above, glabrescent below, branching, erect, brown and appearing woody.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, sessile, ovate, acute, rounded at base, coarse shallow serrate, punctate, sparse pubescent below, pubescent on midrib above, to 4cm long, 2cm broad, fragrant.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary compound cymes. Each division of inflorescence subtended by a pair of minute oblong bracts. Bracts to 3mm long, punctate.
Divisions of inflorescence also with tufts of hispid hairs.Flowers - Corolla tube to 3mm long, pubescent externally, long hirsute internally at base, punctate, 4-lobed(weakly bilabiate). Lobes to 1.3mm long, blunt to rounded at apex, glabrous internally, pubescent and punctate externally. Upper lobe notched at apex. Corolla lobes and tube purple, with darker purple spotting internally. Stamens 2, adnate at base of corolla tube, well exserted. Filaments pinkish-purple, to 5mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellowish-purple, .6mm broad, .5mm long. Style lilac, glabrous, to 4mm long, exserted. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary 4-parted. Calyx tube to 2.5mm long, punctate, glabrous externally villous internally(the hairs white), 10-nerved, 5-lobed. Lobes .4mm long, glabrous externally, acute. Nutlets to 1.3mm long at maturity, brown, glabrous.
Flowering - July - November.
Habitat - Dry open rocky woods, slopes, ridges, open ground, prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little aromatic plant is sometimes overlooked in the field but is quite nice. The leaves of the plant are quite minty and have been brewed traditionally as a tea for medicinal and culinary uses. The tea was used to treat headaches, fevers, and even snakebites.
This species, and a handful of others, are also producers of something called "frost flowers." Frost flowers are thin, layered eruptions of ice crystals which burst from the xylem of the plant stems in early fall. If you want to learn more about frost flowers see the October/November 2000 issue of Missouri Conservationist magazine.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Scrophulariaceae
Stems - To +/-60cm tall, simple, erect, herbaceous, purple above, scabrous (hispidulous), weakly 4-angled to terete.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, lanceolate, with few coarse serrate teeth, scabrous, acute, to 6cm long, +/-1.5cm broad, with 3 conspicuous main veins arising from base of blade, decussate.
Inflorescence - Terminal spike to -15cm long. Flowers decussate to alternate on axis. Each flower subtended by 3 scalelike bracts. Central bract lance-ovate, to 5mm long. Lateral bracts (bractlets) linear, 3mm long. All bracts scabrous.
Flowers - Corolla 5-lobed, purple, zygomorphic, salverform. Corolla tube to 1.4cm long, pubescent, white below (in calyx), purple above, bearded internally and at apex of throat with multicellular hairs. Largest corolla lobes to 9mm long, 3-4mm broad, often notched at apex. All lobes pubescent internally and externally. Stamens 4, adnate at lower 1/4 of corolla tube, subequal, included. Filaments greenish, 1.1m long, glabrous. Anthers purple, 2mm long. Style green, glabrous, included, to 3mm long. Ovary superior, cylindric, green, glabrous, 3mm long. Placentation free central, ovules many. Calyx tube to 6mm long in flower, antrorse strigos
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Prairies and limestone glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the lower 1/2 of Missouri and is relatively infrequent. It can be found in dry to wet areas of the habitats mentioned above. The flowers are quite showy and the plant is worthy of cultivation. It grows fine from seed.
In the leaf scan above the leaves appear quite dark. This is due to the fact that the leaves of this species quickly turn black when bruised or picked.
Stems - To +/-60cm tall, simple, erect, herbaceous, purple above, scabrous (hispidulous), weakly 4-angled to terete.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, lanceolate, with few coarse serrate teeth, scabrous, acute, to 6cm long, +/-1.5cm broad, with 3 conspicuous main veins arising from base of blade, decussate.
Inflorescence - Terminal spike to -15cm long. Flowers decussate to alternate on axis. Each flower subtended by 3 scalelike bracts. Central bract lance-ovate, to 5mm long. Lateral bracts (bractlets) linear, 3mm long. All bracts scabrous.
Flowers - Corolla 5-lobed, purple, zygomorphic, salverform. Corolla tube to 1.4cm long, pubescent, white below (in calyx), purple above, bearded internally and at apex of throat with multicellular hairs. Largest corolla lobes to 9mm long, 3-4mm broad, often notched at apex. All lobes pubescent internally and externally. Stamens 4, adnate at lower 1/4 of corolla tube, subequal, included. Filaments greenish, 1.1m long, glabrous. Anthers purple, 2mm long. Style green, glabrous, included, to 3mm long. Ovary superior, cylindric, green, glabrous, 3mm long. Placentation free central, ovules many. Calyx tube to 6mm long in flower, antrorse strigos
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Prairies and limestone glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the lower 1/2 of Missouri and is relatively infrequent. It can be found in dry to wet areas of the habitats mentioned above. The flowers are quite showy and the plant is worthy of cultivation. It grows fine from seed.
In the leaf scan above the leaves appear quite dark. This is due to the fact that the leaves of this species quickly turn black when bruised or picked.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Lamiaceae
Stems - To -1m tall, simple, multiple or single from base, from thin rhizomes, with fibrous roots, 4-angled, pubescent to hirsute, hollow, fragrant.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate, fragrant. Petioles to 1cm long, hirsute to villous. Blades to 10cm long, +5cm broad, lanceolate, acute to blunt, ciliate margined, shallow serrate to crenate serrate, pubescent above, hirsute on veins below.
Inflorescence - Terminal dense cluster of multiple verticillasters. Lower verticillasters subtended by ovate foliaceous bracts. Bracts only slightly exceeding the flowers, with ciliate margins, sessile. Pedicels to 2mm long.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, white to lavender with purple spotting internally. Tube to 1cm long, pubescent near apex. Upper lip single lobed. Lobe to 3mm long. Lower lip 3-lobed, to 4mm broad and long. Central lobe +/-1.5mm longer than lateral lobes, linear. All lobes pubescent to hirsute externally, glabrous internally. Stamens 2, adnate at apex of corolla tube, exserted from upper lip of corolla. Filaments to 4.5mm long, glabrous, lilac to purplish. Anthers pinkish, to .9mm broad. Style 1.2cm long, glabrous, lilac to whitish. Ovary of 4 nutlets. Nutlets brownish to black, glabrous, 1mm long. Calyx bilabiate, 13 nerved. Tube to 6mm long, whitish-green at base, hirsute at apex. Upper lip 3-lobed. Lobes linear, 2.1mm long, with long paired cilia at apex, green. Lower lip 2-lobed. Lobes linear, 2mm long, with paired cilia at apex, green.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Open woods, glades, bluffs, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species and the closely related B. hirsuta (Pursh) Benth. (found in the "White Flowers Opposite" section of this website) make desirable garden plants. Both are pleasantly fragrant, striking when in flower, and good for attracting flying insects.
B. ciliata typically has more bluish flowers than the plant pictured above. The genus name of the plant means "eye lashes" and is so named because of the long cilia on the bracts subtending the flowers.
Stems - To -1m tall, simple, multiple or single from base, from thin rhizomes, with fibrous roots, 4-angled, pubescent to hirsute, hollow, fragrant.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate, fragrant. Petioles to 1cm long, hirsute to villous. Blades to 10cm long, +5cm broad, lanceolate, acute to blunt, ciliate margined, shallow serrate to crenate serrate, pubescent above, hirsute on veins below.
Inflorescence - Terminal dense cluster of multiple verticillasters. Lower verticillasters subtended by ovate foliaceous bracts. Bracts only slightly exceeding the flowers, with ciliate margins, sessile. Pedicels to 2mm long.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, white to lavender with purple spotting internally. Tube to 1cm long, pubescent near apex. Upper lip single lobed. Lobe to 3mm long. Lower lip 3-lobed, to 4mm broad and long. Central lobe +/-1.5mm longer than lateral lobes, linear. All lobes pubescent to hirsute externally, glabrous internally. Stamens 2, adnate at apex of corolla tube, exserted from upper lip of corolla. Filaments to 4.5mm long, glabrous, lilac to purplish. Anthers pinkish, to .9mm broad. Style 1.2cm long, glabrous, lilac to whitish. Ovary of 4 nutlets. Nutlets brownish to black, glabrous, 1mm long. Calyx bilabiate, 13 nerved. Tube to 6mm long, whitish-green at base, hirsute at apex. Upper lip 3-lobed. Lobes linear, 2.1mm long, with long paired cilia at apex, green. Lower lip 2-lobed. Lobes linear, 2mm long, with paired cilia at apex, green.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Open woods, glades, bluffs, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species and the closely related B. hirsuta (Pursh) Benth. (found in the "White Flowers Opposite" section of this website) make desirable garden plants. Both are pleasantly fragrant, striking when in flower, and good for attracting flying insects.
B. ciliata typically has more bluish flowers than the plant pictured above. The genus name of the plant means "eye lashes" and is so named because of the long cilia on the bracts subtending the flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Stems - Vegetative stems repent, herbaceous, typically glabrous, to +/-30cm. Flowering stems erect, 4-angled, densely pilose above, less so below, herbaceous, to+15cm tall, from thickened roots.
Leaves - Leaves of vegetative stems petiolate, opposite, from 1.5-6cm long(depending on variety), 1-3.5cm broad, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Petioles winged or not. Leaves of flowering stems opposite, sessile to +2.5cm long, 1.5cm broad, toothed, entire, or irregularly crenate, oblong to obovate, pubescent above and below, typically decussate in inflorescence.
Inflorescence - Axillary clusters of typically 4 flowers. Flowers sessile or on stalks to +/-1mm.
Flowers - Corolla blue-purple, bilabiate, tubular, sparsely lanate externally. Tube to +/-7mm long, -2mm in diameter. Lower lip enlarged, 3-lobed. Central lobe to +/-4mm long and broad. Lateral lobes to +/-2mm long and broad. Upper lip much reduced, 2-lobed. Lobes acute, to 1.5mm long. Stamens 4, subequal, adnate near apex of corolla tube, slightly exserted from upper lip. Filaments lilac, 2-3mm long, glabrous. Style 1, exserted from between and beyond stamens, to 9mm long, whitish below, purplish near apex, glabrous. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary 4 parted, with sparse pubescence on apex of each nutlet. Calyx bilabiate, pilose, accrescent. Tube to 1mm long. Upper lip three lobed. Lobes 2mm long, acuminate. Lower lip 2-lobed. Lobes 2mm long, acuminate, converging.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This plant is frequently cultivated in Missouri but not escaped, yet. It spreads by repent stems and reseeds itself. The leaves and stems can be from green to deep purple in color, and quite variable in size, depending on the cultivar.
Photographs taken in Brown Summit, NC., 4-12-03.
Leaves - Leaves of vegetative stems petiolate, opposite, from 1.5-6cm long(depending on variety), 1-3.5cm broad, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Petioles winged or not. Leaves of flowering stems opposite, sessile to +2.5cm long, 1.5cm broad, toothed, entire, or irregularly crenate, oblong to obovate, pubescent above and below, typically decussate in inflorescence.
Inflorescence - Axillary clusters of typically 4 flowers. Flowers sessile or on stalks to +/-1mm.
Flowers - Corolla blue-purple, bilabiate, tubular, sparsely lanate externally. Tube to +/-7mm long, -2mm in diameter. Lower lip enlarged, 3-lobed. Central lobe to +/-4mm long and broad. Lateral lobes to +/-2mm long and broad. Upper lip much reduced, 2-lobed. Lobes acute, to 1.5mm long. Stamens 4, subequal, adnate near apex of corolla tube, slightly exserted from upper lip. Filaments lilac, 2-3mm long, glabrous. Style 1, exserted from between and beyond stamens, to 9mm long, whitish below, purplish near apex, glabrous. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary 4 parted, with sparse pubescence on apex of each nutlet. Calyx bilabiate, pilose, accrescent. Tube to 1mm long. Upper lip three lobed. Lobes 2mm long, acuminate. Lower lip 2-lobed. Lobes 2mm long, acuminate, converging.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This plant is frequently cultivated in Missouri but not escaped, yet. It spreads by repent stems and reseeds itself. The leaves and stems can be from green to deep purple in color, and quite variable in size, depending on the cultivar.
Photographs taken in Brown Summit, NC., 4-12-03.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - To +30cm tall, erect, glabrous, herbaceous, greenish above, purplish near base, simple, from short rhizomes.
Leaves - In a single whorl of 3(rarely 4) at the apex of the stem, with a short but distinct petiole. Petiole to 1cm long, glabrous. Blade elliptic-ovate, glabrous, entire, acute, mottled above, light green below, to +12cm long.
Inflorescence - Single terminal sessile flower.
Flowers - Petals 3, erect and converging over the stamens, maroon (rarely yellowish), glabrous, tapering to a claw at base, acute, 2.7-3cm long, 9-10mm broad. Stamens 6, adnate at base of petals and sepals, erect, converging over the pistil. Filaments maroon, 3mm long, glabrous. Anthers dark purple, 7-8mm long, falcate. Ovary superior, 3-sided but each side parted so appearing 6-angled, 4mm long(tall), glabrous, green, 3-locular. Styles 3, purple, slightly spreading, 3.5mm long. Placentation axile. Seeds (ovules) many. Sepals 3, recurved, lanceolate, glabrous, entire, 2-3cm long, 7-10mm broad, green.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Mesic bottoms, slopes, ravines, mesic forests.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - T. recurvatum is common in the most southern and eastern counties of Missouri but is infrequent elsewhere in the state. The plants prefer shaded areas and moist soils. A similar species, T. sessile L. has leaves which are sessile and sepals which are spreading to erect at anthesis.
T. sessile is much more common in Missouri.
Stems - To +30cm tall, erect, glabrous, herbaceous, greenish above, purplish near base, simple, from short rhizomes.
Leaves - In a single whorl of 3(rarely 4) at the apex of the stem, with a short but distinct petiole. Petiole to 1cm long, glabrous. Blade elliptic-ovate, glabrous, entire, acute, mottled above, light green below, to +12cm long.
Inflorescence - Single terminal sessile flower.
Flowers - Petals 3, erect and converging over the stamens, maroon (rarely yellowish), glabrous, tapering to a claw at base, acute, 2.7-3cm long, 9-10mm broad. Stamens 6, adnate at base of petals and sepals, erect, converging over the pistil. Filaments maroon, 3mm long, glabrous. Anthers dark purple, 7-8mm long, falcate. Ovary superior, 3-sided but each side parted so appearing 6-angled, 4mm long(tall), glabrous, green, 3-locular. Styles 3, purple, slightly spreading, 3.5mm long. Placentation axile. Seeds (ovules) many. Sepals 3, recurved, lanceolate, glabrous, entire, 2-3cm long, 7-10mm broad, green.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Mesic bottoms, slopes, ravines, mesic forests.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - T. recurvatum is common in the most southern and eastern counties of Missouri but is infrequent elsewhere in the state. The plants prefer shaded areas and moist soils. A similar species, T. sessile L. has leaves which are sessile and sepals which are spreading to erect at anthesis.
T. sessile is much more common in Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Caryophyllaceae
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, herbaceous but stout, single or multiple from the base, simple in the basal 2/3, branching in the inflorescence, fistulose, densely retrorse puberulent, densely glandular pubescent in the apex, 4-5mm in diameter.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, decussate, many pairs per stem, ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminate, densely puberulent to hispidulous above and below, paler abaxially, to +/-10cm long, +/-4cm broad. Single midrib impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary cymes at the apex of the stem. Each division of the cyme subtended by a pair of foliaceous bracts. Bracts reduced upward. Pedicels and bracts densely viscid-glandular. Pedicels typically +/-1cm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, spreading, clawed, 4-5cm long, distinct. Claw to +2cm long, mostly whitish, glabrous but with ciliate margins. Limb to +2cm long, 5-7mm broad, red, oblong, mostly glabrous but with a few hairs along the margins, with some viscid glands, with a shallow notch at the apex or not, with 2 basal appendages at the base of the limb. Appendages subulate, acute, erect, red, +/-5mm long, -2mm broad. Stamens 10, 5 adnate to the base of the petals and 5 alternating with the petals, slightly exserted. Filaments white but darkened near the apex, +2.5cm long, glabrous. Anthers +/-2mm long, greenish-blue. Styles 3, distinct, well exserted, to +3cm long, glabrous, white with purple apices (stigmas). Ovary superior, green, glabrous, cylindric, 7-8mm long, 2mm in diameter (in flower), unilocular. Placentation free-central. Ovules many. Calyx tubular, green, densely viscid glandular externally, glabrous internally, 10-ribbed, accrescent, +/-2.5cm long, truncate and slightly saccate at the base.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Rocky prairies, rocky open woods, thickets, borders of rocky glades, roadsides.
Origin - Native to the U.S.
Other info. - This striking plant can be found in the Ozark region of Missouri but is sometimes cultivated elsewhere. This species is easy to identify in the field because of its brilliant flowers and stems which have many nodes and leaves. Another species, S. virginica L., is similar but is a smaller plant with mostly basal leaves. Both species rival any commonly cultivated plant and should be grown more in home gardens.
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, herbaceous but stout, single or multiple from the base, simple in the basal 2/3, branching in the inflorescence, fistulose, densely retrorse puberulent, densely glandular pubescent in the apex, 4-5mm in diameter.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, decussate, many pairs per stem, ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminate, densely puberulent to hispidulous above and below, paler abaxially, to +/-10cm long, +/-4cm broad. Single midrib impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary cymes at the apex of the stem. Each division of the cyme subtended by a pair of foliaceous bracts. Bracts reduced upward. Pedicels and bracts densely viscid-glandular. Pedicels typically +/-1cm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, spreading, clawed, 4-5cm long, distinct. Claw to +2cm long, mostly whitish, glabrous but with ciliate margins. Limb to +2cm long, 5-7mm broad, red, oblong, mostly glabrous but with a few hairs along the margins, with some viscid glands, with a shallow notch at the apex or not, with 2 basal appendages at the base of the limb. Appendages subulate, acute, erect, red, +/-5mm long, -2mm broad. Stamens 10, 5 adnate to the base of the petals and 5 alternating with the petals, slightly exserted. Filaments white but darkened near the apex, +2.5cm long, glabrous. Anthers +/-2mm long, greenish-blue. Styles 3, distinct, well exserted, to +3cm long, glabrous, white with purple apices (stigmas). Ovary superior, green, glabrous, cylindric, 7-8mm long, 2mm in diameter (in flower), unilocular. Placentation free-central. Ovules many. Calyx tubular, green, densely viscid glandular externally, glabrous internally, 10-ribbed, accrescent, +/-2.5cm long, truncate and slightly saccate at the base.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Rocky prairies, rocky open woods, thickets, borders of rocky glades, roadsides.
Origin - Native to the U.S.
Other info. - This striking plant can be found in the Ozark region of Missouri but is sometimes cultivated elsewhere. This species is easy to identify in the field because of its brilliant flowers and stems which have many nodes and leaves. Another species, S. virginica L., is similar but is a smaller plant with mostly basal leaves. Both species rival any commonly cultivated plant and should be grown more in home gardens.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Lamiaceae
Stems - To 150cm tall, 4-angled, glabrous below, pubescent above, herbaceous, branching above or simple, fragrant.
Leaves - Opposite, to 15cm long, 5cm broad, serrate, lanceolate to ovate, acute to acuminate, with short petioles or sessile, glabrous or sparsely pubescent above, with spreading hairs below, fragrant.
Inflorescence - Terminal cluster of +/-30 flowers. Cluster subtended by foliaceous red bracts.
Flowers - Corolla scarlet, to 4cm long, bilabiate, pubescent. Lower lip larger than upper and weekly 3-lobed. Stamens 2, exserted. Style exserted. Stigma 2-lobed (unequally so). Calyx tubular, with +/-15 ridges (nerves), 5-lobed. Lobes acute to acuminate.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Cultivated, rarely escaped to moist soils.
Origin - Native to northeastern U.S.
Other info. - This is a very striking species of Monarda. Like most of the other deep red flowers, it is very popular with butterfly gardeners. The plant is very fragrant and the leaves can be used to flavor beverages.
Other varieties of the plant have different color flowers ranging from pinkish to purple.
Stems - To 150cm tall, 4-angled, glabrous below, pubescent above, herbaceous, branching above or simple, fragrant.
Leaves - Opposite, to 15cm long, 5cm broad, serrate, lanceolate to ovate, acute to acuminate, with short petioles or sessile, glabrous or sparsely pubescent above, with spreading hairs below, fragrant.
Inflorescence - Terminal cluster of +/-30 flowers. Cluster subtended by foliaceous red bracts.
Flowers - Corolla scarlet, to 4cm long, bilabiate, pubescent. Lower lip larger than upper and weekly 3-lobed. Stamens 2, exserted. Style exserted. Stigma 2-lobed (unequally so). Calyx tubular, with +/-15 ridges (nerves), 5-lobed. Lobes acute to acuminate.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Cultivated, rarely escaped to moist soils.
Origin - Native to northeastern U.S.
Other info. - This is a very striking species of Monarda. Like most of the other deep red flowers, it is very popular with butterfly gardeners. The plant is very fragrant and the leaves can be used to flavor beverages.
Other varieties of the plant have different color flowers ranging from pinkish to purple.
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Miss Chen
2017年07月26日
Un suelo cultivado reiteradamente aumenta las poblaciones de hongos que viven en el suelo, deNematodos (gusanitos microscópicos que parasitan raíces), de malas hierbas... Por tanto, cada 3 ó 4 años, se recomienda desinfectarlo.
Para desinfectar los suelos hay productos químicos, pero existe un método ecológico de desinfección llamado SOLARIZACIÓN que ofrece una gran eficacia. Está admitido en Agricultura Ecológica.
Con este método, podrás desinfectar el suelo antes de sembrar o plantar en la parcela. Su efecto es sobre:
Hongos del suelo: mata a hongos como Fusarium, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia, Pythium... que parasitan las raíces.
Nematodos: son unos gusanitos microscópicos que se alimentan de las raíces de las plantas.Meloidogyne spp. es uno de los Nematodos más frecuentes y hay datos contradictorios en cuanto a la eficacia de este método en su control.
Gusanos y otros insectos que viven en el suelo alimentándose de las raíces.
Muchas hierbas anuales (deja inservibles las semillas), aunque no controla bien malas hierbas perennes: Cyperus, Cynodon, Portulaca...
Bacterias: acaba con bacterias perjudiciales y aumenta la población de otras beneficiosas.
La solarización conlleva una elevación del rendimiento del cultivo posterior, más crecimiento, vigor, más altura, más producción de flores y frutos... Hay un aumento temporal de más nutrientes minerales disueltos y materia orgánica soluble.
¿Cómo se desinfecta un suelo mediante solarización?
• Hay que realizarlo en verano, cuando hace más calor.
• El terreno desnudo se labra con un motocultor y se retiran los restos vegetales y las piedras gruesas que salgan.
• A continuación se le da un riego muy abundante que cale bien, que moje a una profundidad de 40 centímetros.
• Se cubre el suelo con un plástico transparente fino (polietileno entre 100 y 200 galgas de espesor).
• La lámina debe quedar tensa y con los bordes perfectamente enterrados para que no se escape el calor.
• En general, se considera necesario dejarlo así, de 4 a 6 semanas como mínimo. Si no está haciendo mucho calor, deja más tiempo.
• Se puede aplicar al aire libre y también en el interior de un invernadero.
• Las plagas y enfermedades disminuirán en el cultivo siguiente.
• Quizás a los 3 ó 4 años haya que repetirlo.
• Es un método eficaz, sencillo y no contaminante. No es de desinfección tan fuerte como las fumigaciones químicas, pero es una alternativa buena y ecológica.
Limitaciones
• Aplicable a regiones que tengan una elevada irradiación solar y altas temperaturas veraniegas.
• Durante el tratamiento, el suelo debe estar libre de cultivo, como mínimo durante 1 mes en verano.
• No es un método de desinfección total 100%.
• También hay productos químicos para desinfección de suelos aptos para el horticultor aficionado.
• Por supuesto, la prevención rotando cultivos es una medida necesaria para que no degenere la tierra.
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Colour_
2017年07月25日
变叶木灌木或小乔木。色彩鲜艳、光亮。常盆栽，原产马来西亚及太平洋地区。可高达6公尺(20尺)。叶片含花青素，单色或绿、黄、白、橙、红、粉红、大红及紫等，诸色相杂叶长10~15公分(4~6寸)，形态因品种不同而异，呈细长线形、披针形、卵形或有深裂。变叶木以其叶片形色而得名，其叶形有披针形、卵形、椭圆形，还有波浪起伏状、扭曲状等等。其叶色有亮绿色、白色、灰色、红色、淡红色、深红色、紫色、黄色、黄红色等等。
洒金榕掉叶子原因
1.温度不当
在养殖洒金榕的时候，需要给予它一个温暖的环境。洒金榕喜欢温暖并且不耐寒，它的生长的适宜温度是在20℃——30℃之间，在冬季的时候环境的温度最好也不要太低了。
在冬季的时候，如果短时间内，洒金榕的温度保持在10℃左右，就会使其出现叶子不鲜艳并且缺乏光泽的现象。如果养护的温度在4℃——5℃的时候，洒金榕就会出现冻害，叶子受冻。导致其大量的掉叶子，甚至是冻死。
所以在养殖洒金榕的时候，冬季一定要保持较高的温度，在进行养护的时候，温度不要低于13℃。
2.浇水不足
洒金榕是喜欢湿润的植物，在进行养殖的时候，一定要给予洒金榕充足的水分，并且需要经常向洒金榕的植株来喷水，提高空气湿度。不过在冬季的时候，因为温度比较低，所以需要保持干燥，此时植株已经进入了半休眠的状态，如果浇水太多的话，就会导致洒金榕掉叶子了。
在给洒金榕浇水的时候，一定要注意在冬季的时候，浇水不能太多了。
3.光照不足
洒金榕是喜欢光照的植物，在养殖洒金榕的时候一定要在其生长期间满足它对光照的需求，这样它才会生长良好。不过在室内养殖的时候，光照的条件可能不会很好，如果长时间光照不足的话，就会使洒金榕叶子颜色暗淡，缺少光泽，甚至会掉叶子。所以在养殖洒金榕的时候，光照一定要充足，在室内也要放在可以接触到阳光的地方进行养护。
洒金榕掉叶子原因
1.温度不当
在养殖洒金榕的时候，需要给予它一个温暖的环境。洒金榕喜欢温暖并且不耐寒，它的生长的适宜温度是在20℃——30℃之间，在冬季的时候环境的温度最好也不要太低了。
在冬季的时候，如果短时间内，洒金榕的温度保持在10℃左右，就会使其出现叶子不鲜艳并且缺乏光泽的现象。如果养护的温度在4℃——5℃的时候，洒金榕就会出现冻害，叶子受冻。导致其大量的掉叶子，甚至是冻死。
所以在养殖洒金榕的时候，冬季一定要保持较高的温度，在进行养护的时候，温度不要低于13℃。
2.浇水不足
洒金榕是喜欢湿润的植物，在进行养殖的时候，一定要给予洒金榕充足的水分，并且需要经常向洒金榕的植株来喷水，提高空气湿度。不过在冬季的时候，因为温度比较低，所以需要保持干燥，此时植株已经进入了半休眠的状态，如果浇水太多的话，就会导致洒金榕掉叶子了。
在给洒金榕浇水的时候，一定要注意在冬季的时候，浇水不能太多了。
3.光照不足
洒金榕是喜欢光照的植物，在养殖洒金榕的时候一定要在其生长期间满足它对光照的需求，这样它才会生长良好。不过在室内养殖的时候，光照的条件可能不会很好，如果长时间光照不足的话，就会使洒金榕叶子颜色暗淡，缺少光泽，甚至会掉叶子。所以在养殖洒金榕的时候，光照一定要充足，在室内也要放在可以接触到阳光的地方进行养护。
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月25日
Family - Rubiaceae
Stems - To +/-30cm tall, erect to ascending, herbaceous, multiple from the base, 4-angled, glabrous, hollow, branching.
Leaves - In whorls of 4, sessile, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3 times as long as broad, to +/-4cm long, +/-1cm broad, acute, with a single prominent midrib and 2 faint lateral veins, entire, slightly scabrous, strigose on midrib above and below, antrorse strigillose on the margins. Leaf with pustulate glands in leaf tissue abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary cymes. Each division of cyme subtended by small linear bracts. Pedicels glabrous, to -2cm long.
Flowers - Corolla purplish-red, 3mm broad, 4-lobed, glabrous. Lobes acute to apiculate, spreading. The apices often whitened. Stamens 4, spreading. Filaments purple, .6mm long. Anthers purple, .2mm long. Style purple, glabrous, .5mm long. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary inferior, 2-carpellate, green, glabrous, 1.2mm long. One ovule per carpel.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, openings in woods, borders of glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little plant is found in the Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its four lanceolate leaves and its purple-red flowers.
Stems - To +/-30cm tall, erect to ascending, herbaceous, multiple from the base, 4-angled, glabrous, hollow, branching.
Leaves - In whorls of 4, sessile, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3 times as long as broad, to +/-4cm long, +/-1cm broad, acute, with a single prominent midrib and 2 faint lateral veins, entire, slightly scabrous, strigose on midrib above and below, antrorse strigillose on the margins. Leaf with pustulate glands in leaf tissue abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary cymes. Each division of cyme subtended by small linear bracts. Pedicels glabrous, to -2cm long.
Flowers - Corolla purplish-red, 3mm broad, 4-lobed, glabrous. Lobes acute to apiculate, spreading. The apices often whitened. Stamens 4, spreading. Filaments purple, .6mm long. Anthers purple, .2mm long. Style purple, glabrous, .5mm long. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary inferior, 2-carpellate, green, glabrous, 1.2mm long. One ovule per carpel.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, openings in woods, borders of glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little plant is found in the Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its four lanceolate leaves and its purple-red flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月25日
Family - Carypohyllaceae
Stems - To .75m tall, glabrous, herbaceous, typically simple but sometimes branching above, 4-angled (the angles rounded).
Leaves - Opposite, lanceolate, elliptic or oblong, to 8cm long, 2cm broad, glabrous, sessile to short-petiolate, entire or minutely ciliate.
Inflorescence - Terminal cyme of 5-30 flowers, dense.
Flowers - Petals 5, clawed, variously colored, fringed. Stamens 10, included to slightly exserted. Styles 2. Calyx tubular, striate, to 1cm long. Fruit a capsule, many seeded, +/-1cm long.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Cultivated and rarely escaped.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - Dianthus barbatus is the most common species of the genus cultivated in this state. The plant has many varieties, mostly differentiated by flower color, but also size.
The typical flower color is whitish with some red spotting. Double flowered plants are common. This species is also crossed with other species for horticultural hybrids. The plant grows readily from seed.
Stems - To .75m tall, glabrous, herbaceous, typically simple but sometimes branching above, 4-angled (the angles rounded).
Leaves - Opposite, lanceolate, elliptic or oblong, to 8cm long, 2cm broad, glabrous, sessile to short-petiolate, entire or minutely ciliate.
Inflorescence - Terminal cyme of 5-30 flowers, dense.
Flowers - Petals 5, clawed, variously colored, fringed. Stamens 10, included to slightly exserted. Styles 2. Calyx tubular, striate, to 1cm long. Fruit a capsule, many seeded, +/-1cm long.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Cultivated and rarely escaped.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - Dianthus barbatus is the most common species of the genus cultivated in this state. The plant has many varieties, mostly differentiated by flower color, but also size.
The typical flower color is whitish with some red spotting. Double flowered plants are common. This species is also crossed with other species for horticultural hybrids. The plant grows readily from seed.
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