文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月25日
Family - Primulaceae
Stems - To +/-30cm tall, branching, decumbent, repent, or erect, herbaceous, 4-angled, glabrous to pubescent, sometimes rooting at the nodes.
Leaves - Opposite, entire, sessile, ovate, to 2cm long, 1.3cm broad, clasping or not, with brown speckles below, variously pubescent, margins somewhat tuberculate.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from leaf axils. Peduncles to 1.4cm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Corolla orange-red, rarely bluish, to -1cm wide, rotate. Petals 5, united at base and forming very short tube, 4mm long, 3-3.5mm broad, broadly ovate, broadly elliptic, or orbicular. Stamens 5, adnate at base of petals. Filaments purple, 2mm long, pubescent with purple multicellular hairs. Anthers yellow, .5mm long. Style single. Calyx with very short tube(-1mm long), 5-lobed. Lobes lanceolate, 4mm long, with scarious margins, keeled at midvein.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Roadsides, pastures, waste ground, disturbed sites. Typically in moist soil.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This small species can be found mainly in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy tp identify becasue of its sessile, opposite leaves, orange-red flowers, and globose fruits. The fruits of this species are globose, circumscissile capsules which contain many tiny seeds.
Steyermark lists two forms for the state. Form arvensis, shown above, has a red-orange corolla, and form caerulea has a blue corolla. The latter form is much less common but much more striking in my opinion.
If untouched, the plant can form mats, since it sometimes roots at the nodes.
Stems - To +/-30cm tall, branching, decumbent, repent, or erect, herbaceous, 4-angled, glabrous to pubescent, sometimes rooting at the nodes.
Leaves - Opposite, entire, sessile, ovate, to 2cm long, 1.3cm broad, clasping or not, with brown speckles below, variously pubescent, margins somewhat tuberculate.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from leaf axils. Peduncles to 1.4cm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Corolla orange-red, rarely bluish, to -1cm wide, rotate. Petals 5, united at base and forming very short tube, 4mm long, 3-3.5mm broad, broadly ovate, broadly elliptic, or orbicular. Stamens 5, adnate at base of petals. Filaments purple, 2mm long, pubescent with purple multicellular hairs. Anthers yellow, .5mm long. Style single. Calyx with very short tube(-1mm long), 5-lobed. Lobes lanceolate, 4mm long, with scarious margins, keeled at midvein.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Roadsides, pastures, waste ground, disturbed sites. Typically in moist soil.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This small species can be found mainly in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy tp identify becasue of its sessile, opposite leaves, orange-red flowers, and globose fruits. The fruits of this species are globose, circumscissile capsules which contain many tiny seeds.
Steyermark lists two forms for the state. Form arvensis, shown above, has a red-orange corolla, and form caerulea has a blue corolla. The latter form is much less common but much more striking in my opinion.
If untouched, the plant can form mats, since it sometimes roots at the nodes.
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文章
权问薇
2017年07月24日
九里香的养护
土壤
九里香的培养土可用沙土、细炉渣、饼肥渣、塘泥、泥炭、河沙等六种原料以7：1：2：4：1的份数比例混合。盆地施含有磷钾肥的有机肥，增强迟效性，土壤砂质一定要有良好的排水性。
施肥
每两到三年追施一次有机的肥料，更换一次盆。5月是九里香的生长期，施肥加至每周一次，浓度也相应增加。
浇水
生长期每月给水一次，不宜过多。花期给水不仅要及时，而且要适量，这样才能保证花开的时候会更多、味道会更香。
光照
九里香是喜阳植物，全日照为好，光线稍差也不会影响太大。
温度
九里香抗寒行较好，喜温又喜热。18-28℃最佳，冬季温度5℃以下会影响生长。
九里香养殖的注意事项
初栽时需要盆地放置一些基肥。管理三怕,怕湿、怕冷、怕曝晒。多用有机肥、少用慎用化肥。
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Polygalaceae
Stems - To +40cm tall, herbaceous, from branching roots, glabrous, erect, simple or branching above, carinate to 4-angled near apex.
Leaves - Alternate, linear to linear-elliptic, sessile or very short-petiolate (petiole to -1mm), glabrous, entire, to 3cm long, 2-5mm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal compact raceme to 2cm tall(long), 1cm in diameter. Pedicels to 1mm long.
Flowers - Petals 3, united into a tube, pinkish to whitish or greenish. Stamens 8, slightly exserted beyond corolla, minute, connate and united with corolla tube. Anthers yellow. Style green, 1mm long, glabrous. Ovary superior, green, 2-locular. Sepals 5, the inner 2 enlarged and colored like the petals, to 5mm long, 3mm broad, with green midvein.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Prairies, meadows, fields, glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a common plant in prairies and it is found throughout most of Missouri. The plant is unmistakable in the field. The flowers are irregular and the noticeable colorful portion is actually the enlarged sepals.
Certain species of the genus Polygala have been used traditionally as medicinal treatments for many ailments. The p
Stems - To +40cm tall, herbaceous, from branching roots, glabrous, erect, simple or branching above, carinate to 4-angled near apex.
Leaves - Alternate, linear to linear-elliptic, sessile or very short-petiolate (petiole to -1mm), glabrous, entire, to 3cm long, 2-5mm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal compact raceme to 2cm tall(long), 1cm in diameter. Pedicels to 1mm long.
Flowers - Petals 3, united into a tube, pinkish to whitish or greenish. Stamens 8, slightly exserted beyond corolla, minute, connate and united with corolla tube. Anthers yellow. Style green, 1mm long, glabrous. Ovary superior, green, 2-locular. Sepals 5, the inner 2 enlarged and colored like the petals, to 5mm long, 3mm broad, with green midvein.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Prairies, meadows, fields, glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a common plant in prairies and it is found throughout most of Missouri. The plant is unmistakable in the field. The flowers are irregular and the noticeable colorful portion is actually the enlarged sepals.
Certain species of the genus Polygala have been used traditionally as medicinal treatments for many ailments. The p
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Single or multiple from base, from a globose corm, erect, herbaceous, simple or branching at the apex, to -1m tall, 4-5mm in diameter, glabrous, light green, somewhat striate from decurrent leaf tissue.
Leaves - Basal leaves in a rosette, petiolate. Entire leaf to 40cm long. Petioles often purplish near the base. Blade linear, entire, deep green, glabrous abaxially, to +/-6mm broad. At least the midrib pubescent adaxially. Cauline leaves sessile, linear, pubescent as the basals, reduced upward, acute or often mucronate (with a minute yellowish-green apex). Upper cauline leaves often ciliate at the base.
Inflorescence - Determinant racemose arrangement of axillary pedunculate flower heads. Stems in inflorescence sparse pilose. Peduncles to +1.5cm long, often with a few bracts subtending the involucre, glabrous or with a few sparse pilose hairs.
Involucre - +/-2cm long, 6-7mm in diameter, cylindrical. Phyllaries imbricate, appressed, green, glabrous (some of the lower with a few cilia on margins), abruptly acuminate to rounded at the apex (the acuminate tip often lighter in color), with scarious margins except at the apex, 5-6mm broad. Uppermost phyllaries often with purplish margins.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - 10-60 per flower head. Corolla glabrous externally, pubescent internally, to 1.6cm long, 5-lobed, pink above, white below. Lobes attenuate, 4-5mm long, 1mm broad, pubescent internally. Stamens 5, adnate about 1/2 way up the corolla tube, mostly included. Filaments thin and translucent, +/-2mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellowish-brown, 3mm long, with scarious apices, weakly connate around the style. Style white, glabrous, deeply bifurcate, well exserted. Stigmas pinkish-purple, pubescent. Achenes (in flower) white, 5-6mm long, densely pubescent, with a dark ring at the apex, angled. Pappus of plumose bristles in a single series. Axis of bristles purplish, to 1cm long.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, prairies, glades, rocky ledges and bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is mainly found in the southeastern half of Missouri. It is a fairly easy species to ID because of its appressed phyllaries, cylindrical involucres, and linear leaves.
Stems - Single or multiple from base, from a globose corm, erect, herbaceous, simple or branching at the apex, to -1m tall, 4-5mm in diameter, glabrous, light green, somewhat striate from decurrent leaf tissue.
Leaves - Basal leaves in a rosette, petiolate. Entire leaf to 40cm long. Petioles often purplish near the base. Blade linear, entire, deep green, glabrous abaxially, to +/-6mm broad. At least the midrib pubescent adaxially. Cauline leaves sessile, linear, pubescent as the basals, reduced upward, acute or often mucronate (with a minute yellowish-green apex). Upper cauline leaves often ciliate at the base.
Inflorescence - Determinant racemose arrangement of axillary pedunculate flower heads. Stems in inflorescence sparse pilose. Peduncles to +1.5cm long, often with a few bracts subtending the involucre, glabrous or with a few sparse pilose hairs.
Involucre - +/-2cm long, 6-7mm in diameter, cylindrical. Phyllaries imbricate, appressed, green, glabrous (some of the lower with a few cilia on margins), abruptly acuminate to rounded at the apex (the acuminate tip often lighter in color), with scarious margins except at the apex, 5-6mm broad. Uppermost phyllaries often with purplish margins.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - 10-60 per flower head. Corolla glabrous externally, pubescent internally, to 1.6cm long, 5-lobed, pink above, white below. Lobes attenuate, 4-5mm long, 1mm broad, pubescent internally. Stamens 5, adnate about 1/2 way up the corolla tube, mostly included. Filaments thin and translucent, +/-2mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellowish-brown, 3mm long, with scarious apices, weakly connate around the style. Style white, glabrous, deeply bifurcate, well exserted. Stigmas pinkish-purple, pubescent. Achenes (in flower) white, 5-6mm long, densely pubescent, with a dark ring at the apex, angled. Pappus of plumose bristles in a single series. Axis of bristles purplish, to 1cm long.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, prairies, glades, rocky ledges and bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is mainly found in the southeastern half of Missouri. It is a fairly easy species to ID because of its appressed phyllaries, cylindrical involucres, and linear leaves.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Malvaceae
Stems - To +50cm tall, erect, herbaceous, from thickened roots, typically multiple from base, branching, scabrous with appressed 4-rayed hairs, the hairs running parallel to the axis of the stem.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate, antrorse appressed pubescent. Stipules ovate, 5-6mm long, 3mm broad, ciliate-margined but otherwise glabrous to sparse pubescent. Petioles of cauline leaves typically shorter than the leaf blades or absent. Lowest leaves ovate, lobed to unlobed, crenate-serrate, +/-5cm long, +/-4cm broad. Upper leaves typically 5-7 palmately divided. Ultimate leaf divisions linear to oblong.
Inflorescence - Flowers typically solitary from the upper leaf axils but also in short racemes or corymbs. Peduncles to +7cm long, appressed pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla 2.5-3cm broad, pinkish to whitish. Petals 5, united at base and connate with stamen column, truncate at slightly fimbriate at apex, to +/-1.5cm long, +/-1cm broad, glabrous. Stamen column -1cm long(tall). Filaments and anthers whitish. Style branches apparent after anthers are spent, white. Ovary of 10-15 carpels. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, antrorse appressed pubescent. Calyx tube to 5mm long. Lobes acuminate, +5mm long, alternating with petals, 3mm broad at base.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Prairies, grassy fields, waste ground, open woods, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is a small, non-striking plant, but the flowers are nice. The plant can be found in scattered counties throughout Missouri. The flowers may often appear whitish but always seem to have at least a tinge of pink to them. This species prefers to grow in areas of full sun.
Stems - To +50cm tall, erect, herbaceous, from thickened roots, typically multiple from base, branching, scabrous with appressed 4-rayed hairs, the hairs running parallel to the axis of the stem.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate, antrorse appressed pubescent. Stipules ovate, 5-6mm long, 3mm broad, ciliate-margined but otherwise glabrous to sparse pubescent. Petioles of cauline leaves typically shorter than the leaf blades or absent. Lowest leaves ovate, lobed to unlobed, crenate-serrate, +/-5cm long, +/-4cm broad. Upper leaves typically 5-7 palmately divided. Ultimate leaf divisions linear to oblong.
Inflorescence - Flowers typically solitary from the upper leaf axils but also in short racemes or corymbs. Peduncles to +7cm long, appressed pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla 2.5-3cm broad, pinkish to whitish. Petals 5, united at base and connate with stamen column, truncate at slightly fimbriate at apex, to +/-1.5cm long, +/-1cm broad, glabrous. Stamen column -1cm long(tall). Filaments and anthers whitish. Style branches apparent after anthers are spent, white. Ovary of 10-15 carpels. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, antrorse appressed pubescent. Calyx tube to 5mm long. Lobes acuminate, +5mm long, alternating with petals, 3mm broad at base.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Prairies, grassy fields, waste ground, open woods, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is a small, non-striking plant, but the flowers are nice. The plant can be found in scattered counties throughout Missouri. The flowers may often appear whitish but always seem to have at least a tinge of pink to them. This species prefers to grow in areas of full sun.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Lamiaceae
Stems - To +1m tall, from horizontal rhizomes, typically simple but branching also, 4-angled, herbaceous, with dense retrorse pubescence, hollow, erect.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate. Petiole to +/-1cm, tomentose. Blade elliptic to lance-ovate or lance-oblong, serrate, +/-11cm long, +/-4cm broad, acute, pubescent below, sparse pubescent to glabrous above. Leaf tissue abruptly contracted at base and creating a slight wing on petiole to 1mm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal spikiform arrangement of verticillasters to +30cm tall(long). Verticillasters with +/-5 flowers each. Flowers on pedicels 2mm long. Pedicels and axis tomentose. Each flower subtended by a lanceolate-attenuate bract to +/-8mm long.
Flowers - Corolla highly irregular, bilabiate, light pink to purplish. Corolla tube greenish, 5mm long, dense glandular pubescent and pilose at apex. Upper lip with 2 lobes erect and shaped as horn-like appendages. Lobes to 4mm long(tall). Lower lip with two lateral rounded lobes and one large cupped central lobe. Lateral lobes to 3mm long. Central lobe to 7mm long, 6mm broad, glandular externally, often with two pinkish-purple spots near base internally. Stamens 4, didynamous, well exserted from corolla, deflexed. Filaments greenish-white, 1.4cm long, pubescent near base, glabrous above. Anthers reddish-brown, .7mm broad. Style 1.5cm long, white, glabrous, exserted from between opposing pairs of stamens, down-curved. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary of 4 nutlets. Nutlets green and glabrous in flower. Calyx bilabiate. Calyx tube to 5mm long, glandular and tomentose. Upper lip 3-lobed. Central lobe slightly deflexed, acute, 2mm long, 2.6mm broad. Lateral lobes 1.5mm long. Lower lip 2-lobed. Lobes attenuate, 3mm long. Calyx accrescent.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Prairies, wet meadows, thickets, streambanks, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The unusual flowers of this species make it a simple to ID in the field. The flowers are also quite showy and make the plant much deserving of cultivation. Flying insects are attracted to the flowers and the large central lobe of the lower corolla lip serves as a platform for insects to land on. The two purplish spots on the lobe are like runway lights guiding the insects to the flower.
The leaves of T. canadense have a slightly fowl odor when crushed.
Some authors, including Steyermark, split the species into different varieties but they are so similar that I won't go into them here.
Stems - To +1m tall, from horizontal rhizomes, typically simple but branching also, 4-angled, herbaceous, with dense retrorse pubescence, hollow, erect.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate. Petiole to +/-1cm, tomentose. Blade elliptic to lance-ovate or lance-oblong, serrate, +/-11cm long, +/-4cm broad, acute, pubescent below, sparse pubescent to glabrous above. Leaf tissue abruptly contracted at base and creating a slight wing on petiole to 1mm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal spikiform arrangement of verticillasters to +30cm tall(long). Verticillasters with +/-5 flowers each. Flowers on pedicels 2mm long. Pedicels and axis tomentose. Each flower subtended by a lanceolate-attenuate bract to +/-8mm long.
Flowers - Corolla highly irregular, bilabiate, light pink to purplish. Corolla tube greenish, 5mm long, dense glandular pubescent and pilose at apex. Upper lip with 2 lobes erect and shaped as horn-like appendages. Lobes to 4mm long(tall). Lower lip with two lateral rounded lobes and one large cupped central lobe. Lateral lobes to 3mm long. Central lobe to 7mm long, 6mm broad, glandular externally, often with two pinkish-purple spots near base internally. Stamens 4, didynamous, well exserted from corolla, deflexed. Filaments greenish-white, 1.4cm long, pubescent near base, glabrous above. Anthers reddish-brown, .7mm broad. Style 1.5cm long, white, glabrous, exserted from between opposing pairs of stamens, down-curved. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary of 4 nutlets. Nutlets green and glabrous in flower. Calyx bilabiate. Calyx tube to 5mm long, glandular and tomentose. Upper lip 3-lobed. Central lobe slightly deflexed, acute, 2mm long, 2.6mm broad. Lateral lobes 1.5mm long. Lower lip 2-lobed. Lobes attenuate, 3mm long. Calyx accrescent.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Prairies, wet meadows, thickets, streambanks, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The unusual flowers of this species make it a simple to ID in the field. The flowers are also quite showy and make the plant much deserving of cultivation. Flying insects are attracted to the flowers and the large central lobe of the lower corolla lip serves as a platform for insects to land on. The two purplish spots on the lobe are like runway lights guiding the insects to the flower.
The leaves of T. canadense have a slightly fowl odor when crushed.
Some authors, including Steyermark, split the species into different varieties but they are so similar that I won't go into them here.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Lamiaceae
Stems - To +1.2m tall, 4-angled, herbaceous, hollow, branching above, erect, retrorse strigose on angles, glabrous between angles, from rhizomes.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate. Petiole to -3cm long, winged, glabrous or with sparse pubescence at base. wing to -1mm broad. Blade lanceolate to lance-oblong, to +13cm long, 4cm broad, crenate-serrate, acuminate, glabrous but with a scabrous midrib.
Inflorescence - Terminal spikiform arrangement of verticillasters. Verticillasters with +/-6 flowers, subtended by small foliaceous bracts. Flowers sessile to subsessile.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, pinkish with purple streaks and spots internally. Corolla tube to 7mm long, glabrous, white near base. Upper lip of corolla 5mm long, 4mm broad, glandular pubescent externally, glabrous internally, obtuse at apex. Lower corolla lip 3-lobed, glabrous internally and externally. Lateral lobes -2mm long. Central lobe 3mm long, 3.5mm broad. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate at apex of corolla tube, exserted from upper lip of corolla. Filaments to 3mm long, glandular pubescent, white. Anthers brownish-purple, 1.2mm long. Style white to purple at apex, 1.1cm long, glabrous. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary of 4 nutlets. Nutlets greenish-white, 3-ribbed, becoming black and 1.7mm long in fruit.
Calyx tube to 2.5mm long, sparse pubescent, 5-lobed. Lobes equal, attenuate, 2.5mm long, typically glabrous.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Moist and low woodland, ravines, streambanks, pond margins, swamps, wet meadows.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Stachys tenuifolia and the similar S. palustris L. would make excellent garden subjects for anyone with a shade garden and moist to wet ground. The flowers are good for attracting flying insects and are striking to look at.
Steyermark breaks S. tenuifolia into two varieties. Variety tenuifolia, described above, has petioles to 3cm long and is glabrous on the leaves, calyx, and calyx lobes. This variety is found throughout most of the state. Variety hispida (Pursh) Fern. has petioles to 8mm long and is hispid to appressed pubescent on the leaves, calyx, and calyx lobes. This variety is mostly found in the upper half of the state, north of the Missouri river.
Stems - To +1.2m tall, 4-angled, herbaceous, hollow, branching above, erect, retrorse strigose on angles, glabrous between angles, from rhizomes.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate. Petiole to -3cm long, winged, glabrous or with sparse pubescence at base. wing to -1mm broad. Blade lanceolate to lance-oblong, to +13cm long, 4cm broad, crenate-serrate, acuminate, glabrous but with a scabrous midrib.
Inflorescence - Terminal spikiform arrangement of verticillasters. Verticillasters with +/-6 flowers, subtended by small foliaceous bracts. Flowers sessile to subsessile.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, pinkish with purple streaks and spots internally. Corolla tube to 7mm long, glabrous, white near base. Upper lip of corolla 5mm long, 4mm broad, glandular pubescent externally, glabrous internally, obtuse at apex. Lower corolla lip 3-lobed, glabrous internally and externally. Lateral lobes -2mm long. Central lobe 3mm long, 3.5mm broad. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate at apex of corolla tube, exserted from upper lip of corolla. Filaments to 3mm long, glandular pubescent, white. Anthers brownish-purple, 1.2mm long. Style white to purple at apex, 1.1cm long, glabrous. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary of 4 nutlets. Nutlets greenish-white, 3-ribbed, becoming black and 1.7mm long in fruit.
Calyx tube to 2.5mm long, sparse pubescent, 5-lobed. Lobes equal, attenuate, 2.5mm long, typically glabrous.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Moist and low woodland, ravines, streambanks, pond margins, swamps, wet meadows.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Stachys tenuifolia and the similar S. palustris L. would make excellent garden subjects for anyone with a shade garden and moist to wet ground. The flowers are good for attracting flying insects and are striking to look at.
Steyermark breaks S. tenuifolia into two varieties. Variety tenuifolia, described above, has petioles to 3cm long and is glabrous on the leaves, calyx, and calyx lobes. This variety is found throughout most of the state. Variety hispida (Pursh) Fern. has petioles to 8mm long and is hispid to appressed pubescent on the leaves, calyx, and calyx lobes. This variety is mostly found in the upper half of the state, north of the Missouri river.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Rubiaceae
Stems - Multiple from the base, sprawling to ascending, to +40cm long, herbaceous, 4-angled, hispidulous below, glabrescent apically.
Leaves - Sessile, in whorls of 6, oblong, to +/-8mm long, 3-4mm broad, pubescent adaxially and ciliate on the midrib abaxially, entire, acute, with strigillose margins. The margin of the leaf translucent at least at the apex (use a lens to see). Lowest leaves obovate to oblanceolate.
Inflorescence - Axillary bracteate fascicles of typically 3 flowers. Peduncles to 1cm long in fruit, 1-2mm long in flower, 4-angled, glabrous to sparse pubescent. Bracts subtending the flowers foliaceous, accrescent, lanceolate, 3-nerved, to 8mm long and 3mm broad in fruit, strigose externally, glabrous internally.
Flowers - Corolla 4-lobed, funnelform, 4-5mm long, pinkish-purple. Corolla tube to 3mm long, whitish at the base, glabrous externally and internally. Corolla lobes acute, spreading, -2mm long, 1mm broad, glabrous. Stamens 4, exserted, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube. Filaments white, glabrous, 1.1mm long. Anthers purplish, .3mm long. Style exserted, glabrous, translucent, 4mm long. Stigmas 2, short (.1mm long). Calyx 1.1mm long in flower, accrescent, 6-lobed, pubescent, green. Calyx lobes triangular, .3mm long. Fruits mostly on stalks to .5mm long, pubescent. slightly rectangular in cross-section, to 4mm long, 2-locular, 2-seeded.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Openings in woods, along creeks, disturbed sites, fields, roadsides.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This little species is uncommon in Missouri. It is found only in several southwestern counties. The plant, at first glance, appears to be in the genus Galium but its purplish flowers, funnelform corolla and bracteate inflorescences separate it from that genus. The plant can be quite weedy if left un-checked and it will most certainly expand its range in Missouri with time.
Stems - Multiple from the base, sprawling to ascending, to +40cm long, herbaceous, 4-angled, hispidulous below, glabrescent apically.
Leaves - Sessile, in whorls of 6, oblong, to +/-8mm long, 3-4mm broad, pubescent adaxially and ciliate on the midrib abaxially, entire, acute, with strigillose margins. The margin of the leaf translucent at least at the apex (use a lens to see). Lowest leaves obovate to oblanceolate.
Inflorescence - Axillary bracteate fascicles of typically 3 flowers. Peduncles to 1cm long in fruit, 1-2mm long in flower, 4-angled, glabrous to sparse pubescent. Bracts subtending the flowers foliaceous, accrescent, lanceolate, 3-nerved, to 8mm long and 3mm broad in fruit, strigose externally, glabrous internally.
Flowers - Corolla 4-lobed, funnelform, 4-5mm long, pinkish-purple. Corolla tube to 3mm long, whitish at the base, glabrous externally and internally. Corolla lobes acute, spreading, -2mm long, 1mm broad, glabrous. Stamens 4, exserted, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube. Filaments white, glabrous, 1.1mm long. Anthers purplish, .3mm long. Style exserted, glabrous, translucent, 4mm long. Stigmas 2, short (.1mm long). Calyx 1.1mm long in flower, accrescent, 6-lobed, pubescent, green. Calyx lobes triangular, .3mm long. Fruits mostly on stalks to .5mm long, pubescent. slightly rectangular in cross-section, to 4mm long, 2-locular, 2-seeded.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Openings in woods, along creeks, disturbed sites, fields, roadsides.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This little species is uncommon in Missouri. It is found only in several southwestern counties. The plant, at first glance, appears to be in the genus Galium but its purplish flowers, funnelform corolla and bracteate inflorescences separate it from that genus. The plant can be quite weedy if left un-checked and it will most certainly expand its range in Missouri with time.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Cayophyllaceae
Stems - Single or multiple from base, erect, herbaceous, from a taproot and rhizomes, branching, hollow, glabrous, to 1m tall, terete.
Leaves - Opposite or in whorls of 3 or 4, sessile, connected at bases by thin tissue, oblong-elliptic, entire, slightly wavy to crisped on margins, glabrous, acute, with 3 main veins, to +7cm long, +/-3cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary cymes. Peduncles slightly swollen at the base, glabrous. Ultimate pedicels to 3mm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 5, long-clawed, white to pink. Claw to +1.5cm long, glabrous, winged. Wing of claw forming a 1-2mm appendage at base of limb. Limb to +/-1.5cm long, notched at apex, to 8-9mm broad, glabrous. Stamens inserted in folds of claw wings, 10, exserted, distinct. Filaments white, glabrous, to +2cm long. Anthers white to pale yellow, -2mm long. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, cylindric, to 9mm long in flower, 1.5mm in diameter, unilocular. Placentation free-central. Ovules many. Styles 2, white to pink, glabrous, 1.4cm long. Calyx light green or with some red, glabrous, cylindric, +1-2cm long, 5mm in diameter(in flower), 5-toothed. Teeth acute, triangular, to 3mm long, short aristate. Base of calyx saccate around pedicel.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Gravel and sand bars along streams, ditches, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. It was previously grown as an ornamental but has escaped and is well established in much of North America.
This species contains saponin glycosides and will foam if crushed and rubbed. The plant can be used as soap and is being studied for medicinal uses also. It is toxic if eaten. Formerly the plant was used by indians and europeans for a host of ailments.
Stems - Single or multiple from base, erect, herbaceous, from a taproot and rhizomes, branching, hollow, glabrous, to 1m tall, terete.
Leaves - Opposite or in whorls of 3 or 4, sessile, connected at bases by thin tissue, oblong-elliptic, entire, slightly wavy to crisped on margins, glabrous, acute, with 3 main veins, to +7cm long, +/-3cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary cymes. Peduncles slightly swollen at the base, glabrous. Ultimate pedicels to 3mm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 5, long-clawed, white to pink. Claw to +1.5cm long, glabrous, winged. Wing of claw forming a 1-2mm appendage at base of limb. Limb to +/-1.5cm long, notched at apex, to 8-9mm broad, glabrous. Stamens inserted in folds of claw wings, 10, exserted, distinct. Filaments white, glabrous, to +2cm long. Anthers white to pale yellow, -2mm long. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, cylindric, to 9mm long in flower, 1.5mm in diameter, unilocular. Placentation free-central. Ovules many. Styles 2, white to pink, glabrous, 1.4cm long. Calyx light green or with some red, glabrous, cylindric, +1-2cm long, 5mm in diameter(in flower), 5-toothed. Teeth acute, triangular, to 3mm long, short aristate. Base of calyx saccate around pedicel.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Gravel and sand bars along streams, ditches, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. It was previously grown as an ornamental but has escaped and is well established in much of North America.
This species contains saponin glycosides and will foam if crushed and rubbed. The plant can be used as soap and is being studied for medicinal uses also. It is toxic if eaten. Formerly the plant was used by indians and europeans for a host of ailments.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月23日
Family - Lythraceae
Stems - From somewhat thickened fibrous roots, erect, herbaceous, branching or simple, 4-angled (the angles rounded), green but becoming red in strong sun, glabrous, to +30cm tall.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, linear-elliptic, sessile, tapering to the base, glabrous, entire, with a single midrib, acute to slightly rounded at the apex, to +3cm long, -1cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single sessile flower from each leaf axil. Each flower subtended by a pair of opposite minute bracts. Bracts to +/-3mm long, 1mm broad, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 4, pink to rose, adnate at the apex of the hypanthium, orbicular, 1-2mm in diameter, glabrous, alternating with the calyx appendages. Stamens 4, adnate in the middle of the calyx tube, included. Filaments 1mm long, greenish, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .1mm long. Ovary superior, globose to subglobose, to 3mm long, glabrous, 3-locular. Placentation axile. Ovules many. Style 1, to -1mm long, glabrous. Stigma small-capitate. Calyx tube green to red (in sun), glabrous inside and out, 1mm long in flower and quickly expanding, with 4 lobes and 4 triangular appendages. Lobes acute, glabrous, mostly green, lanceolate, to +1.5mm long, -1mm broad. Appendages triangular, -1mm long and broader than long.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Margins of streams, spring branches, sloughs, oxbows, ditches, moist ledges, wet areas of prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small but attractive species can be found in the southern 2/3 of Missouri. The plant is easy to identify becasue of its tiny, 4-petaled flowers and its habitat.
Stems - From somewhat thickened fibrous roots, erect, herbaceous, branching or simple, 4-angled (the angles rounded), green but becoming red in strong sun, glabrous, to +30cm tall.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, linear-elliptic, sessile, tapering to the base, glabrous, entire, with a single midrib, acute to slightly rounded at the apex, to +3cm long, -1cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single sessile flower from each leaf axil. Each flower subtended by a pair of opposite minute bracts. Bracts to +/-3mm long, 1mm broad, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 4, pink to rose, adnate at the apex of the hypanthium, orbicular, 1-2mm in diameter, glabrous, alternating with the calyx appendages. Stamens 4, adnate in the middle of the calyx tube, included. Filaments 1mm long, greenish, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .1mm long. Ovary superior, globose to subglobose, to 3mm long, glabrous, 3-locular. Placentation axile. Ovules many. Style 1, to -1mm long, glabrous. Stigma small-capitate. Calyx tube green to red (in sun), glabrous inside and out, 1mm long in flower and quickly expanding, with 4 lobes and 4 triangular appendages. Lobes acute, glabrous, mostly green, lanceolate, to +1.5mm long, -1mm broad. Appendages triangular, -1mm long and broader than long.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Margins of streams, spring branches, sloughs, oxbows, ditches, moist ledges, wet areas of prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small but attractive species can be found in the southern 2/3 of Missouri. The plant is easy to identify becasue of its tiny, 4-petaled flowers and its habitat.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月23日
Family - Gentianaceae
Stems - To +60cm tall, branching above, herbaceous, erect, glabrous, 4-angled, winged on angles, from thickened roots.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, clasping, ovate, entire, acute, glabrous, decussate, reduced upward, to +4cm long, +3cm broad, with 3 conspicuous veins and 4 faint veins (best seen from below).
Inflorescence - Typically flat-topped cymes with many flowers, dichotomously branching. Each division of inflorescence subtended by small foliaceous bracts.
Flowers - Corolla tube greenish, 4mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes spreading, pink or white, to 1.3cm long, +/-6mm broad, oblanceolate to spatulate, glabrous, greenish-yellow at very base. Stamens 5, alternating with corolla lobes, erect. Filaments to 5mm long, glabrous, yellowish. Anthers curling, 3mm long, brownish. Style 6mm long, glabrous, whitish to pale yellow. Stigma 2-lobed. Lobes curled, yellow. Ovary superior, unilocular. Placentation parietal. Calyx tube 1.5mm long(in flower), green, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes linear, 8-9mm long, 1mm broad, glabrous, ascending to erect, acute, entire. Calyx accrescent. Capsule to 8mm long, cylindric, glabrous, green, many seeded.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, glades, thickets, fields, prairies, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is common in the southeast 2/3 of the state. It is easy to ID in the field. The plant pictured above is form angularis which has pink flowers. Form albiflora (Raf.) House has white flowers and is less common.
The species is quite attractive and should be cultivated more.
Stems - To +60cm tall, branching above, herbaceous, erect, glabrous, 4-angled, winged on angles, from thickened roots.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, clasping, ovate, entire, acute, glabrous, decussate, reduced upward, to +4cm long, +3cm broad, with 3 conspicuous veins and 4 faint veins (best seen from below).
Inflorescence - Typically flat-topped cymes with many flowers, dichotomously branching. Each division of inflorescence subtended by small foliaceous bracts.
Flowers - Corolla tube greenish, 4mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes spreading, pink or white, to 1.3cm long, +/-6mm broad, oblanceolate to spatulate, glabrous, greenish-yellow at very base. Stamens 5, alternating with corolla lobes, erect. Filaments to 5mm long, glabrous, yellowish. Anthers curling, 3mm long, brownish. Style 6mm long, glabrous, whitish to pale yellow. Stigma 2-lobed. Lobes curled, yellow. Ovary superior, unilocular. Placentation parietal. Calyx tube 1.5mm long(in flower), green, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes linear, 8-9mm long, 1mm broad, glabrous, ascending to erect, acute, entire. Calyx accrescent. Capsule to 8mm long, cylindric, glabrous, green, many seeded.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, glades, thickets, fields, prairies, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is common in the southeast 2/3 of the state. It is easy to ID in the field. The plant pictured above is form angularis which has pink flowers. Form albiflora (Raf.) House has white flowers and is less common.
The species is quite attractive and should be cultivated more.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月23日
Family - Lamiaceae
Stems - To +1.5m tall, herbaceous, erect, 4-angled, glabrous, multiple from base, simple to branching above, hollow, often forming roots from nodes just above and at ground level, rhizomatous.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, linear to linear-lanceolate, serrate(teeth with curved apices), acute to acuminate, glabrous, to 15cm long, 1.5cm broad, with prominent midrib.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from axils of small bracts forming a dense elongate spike to +40cm (in fruit). Axis of inflorescence dense pubescent. Flowers sessile or with a pedicel -1mm long. Subtending bracts sessile, lanceolate, acuminate, to +1cm long, (larger in fruit), dense pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, pinkish, pubescent externally. Corolla tube to +/-2.3cm long, constricted at base where surrounded by calyx, expanded beyond calyx. Upper lip 8-9mm long, 7-8mm broad, truncate to rounded at apex, the sides parallel. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lateral lobes 3-4mm long, 3mm broad. Central lobe 5-6mm long, 4-5mm broad, with purple spotting internally,(purple coloration extended into throat of corolla). Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending under the upper lip of the corolla. Filaments adnate for most of length(seemingly by dense pubescence), white or tinged with pink. Anthers purplish-brown, 1.7mm long. Style inserted between stamens (and slightly longer), white, glabrous, 2.5cm long. Stigma 2-lobed, filiform.Ovary 4-parted, green, glabrous. Calyx tube 6mm long(in flower), dense pubescent, pitted internally, 5-lobed. Lobes equal, acute, 2.2mm long(in flower). Calyx accrescent, to +1cm in fruit. Nutlets to +3mm long.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, wooded bluffs, streambanks, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a popular and well known native plant. It is widely cultivated and used in butterfly and landscape gardens. The plant has many varieties in cultivation. A common name for the species is "Obedient Plant" because the plants flowers can be rotated or twisted to new positions and will remain this way and continue to grow.
Steyermark breaks the species up into a couple of varieties and forms based on leaf size and flower color. I won't go into those here.
Stems - To +1.5m tall, herbaceous, erect, 4-angled, glabrous, multiple from base, simple to branching above, hollow, often forming roots from nodes just above and at ground level, rhizomatous.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, linear to linear-lanceolate, serrate(teeth with curved apices), acute to acuminate, glabrous, to 15cm long, 1.5cm broad, with prominent midrib.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from axils of small bracts forming a dense elongate spike to +40cm (in fruit). Axis of inflorescence dense pubescent. Flowers sessile or with a pedicel -1mm long. Subtending bracts sessile, lanceolate, acuminate, to +1cm long, (larger in fruit), dense pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, pinkish, pubescent externally. Corolla tube to +/-2.3cm long, constricted at base where surrounded by calyx, expanded beyond calyx. Upper lip 8-9mm long, 7-8mm broad, truncate to rounded at apex, the sides parallel. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lateral lobes 3-4mm long, 3mm broad. Central lobe 5-6mm long, 4-5mm broad, with purple spotting internally,(purple coloration extended into throat of corolla). Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending under the upper lip of the corolla. Filaments adnate for most of length(seemingly by dense pubescence), white or tinged with pink. Anthers purplish-brown, 1.7mm long. Style inserted between stamens (and slightly longer), white, glabrous, 2.5cm long. Stigma 2-lobed, filiform.Ovary 4-parted, green, glabrous. Calyx tube 6mm long(in flower), dense pubescent, pitted internally, 5-lobed. Lobes equal, acute, 2.2mm long(in flower). Calyx accrescent, to +1cm in fruit. Nutlets to +3mm long.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, wooded bluffs, streambanks, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a popular and well known native plant. It is widely cultivated and used in butterfly and landscape gardens. The plant has many varieties in cultivation. A common name for the species is "Obedient Plant" because the plants flowers can be rotated or twisted to new positions and will remain this way and continue to grow.
Steyermark breaks the species up into a couple of varieties and forms based on leaf size and flower color. I won't go into those here.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月23日
Family - Lamiaceae
Stems - To 1m tall, erect, herbaceous, purple, 4-angled, from fibrous but tough roots, retrorse pubescent, with a single median vertical groove on each side of the stem. The entire plant fragrant.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, decussate. Petioles to +5cm long, antrorse pubescent, purple, with a very shallow adaxial groove. Blades ovate, serrate, acute, to +10cm long, +8cm broad, sometimes crisped or not, typically green above and purple-green or entirely purple below, mostly glabrous above, pubescent on the veins below, with any punctate glands below (use a lens to see). Lateral veins prominent and expressed below.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal indeterminate verticillasters to +15cm long. Axis retrorse pubescent (densely), the hairs purple. Flowers 2 at a node, decussate, each subtended by a single folded bract. Bracts broadly ovate when unfolded, entire, 3-5mm long and broad, glabrous but with ciliolate margins. Pedicels 1-2mm long in flower, longer in fruit, pubescent and glandular.
Flowers - Corolla pink, bilabiate, 4mm long, constricted near the base, pubescent externally, with a single band of long hairs at the base of the filaments internally. Upper lip 3-lobed. Central lobe deflexed, rounded, with a single shallow notch, 2-2.2mm broad, 1-1.5mm long. Lateral lobes rounded, 1.5mm broad, 1-1.2mm long, spreading. Lower lip single-lobed, lobe 2-2.3mm broad, 1-1.4mm long, reflexed. Lower lip bearded internally and with 2-4 darker pink spots internally. Stamens 4, adnate in the middle of the corolla tube, alternating with the corolla lobes, slightly exserted. Filaments white, pinkish at the apex, terete, glabrous, 2mm long. Anthers pinkish, fading to purple, bilobed, .5-.7mm broad. Style glabrous, 2-2.4mm long, included under the upper lip of the corolla, white, fading to lilac at the apex, terete. Ovary 4-parted, 1mm broad in flower, subtended by a nectariferous ring. The nectary with a basal appendage that protrudes slightly past the top of the ovary. Calyx bilabiate, the tube to 1.7mm long in flower, dark purple, hirsute externally, with a band of forward-facing hairs internally (at the base of the lobes). Upper lip 3-lobed. Lobes equal, 1.5mm long, 1mm broad, acute. Lower lip 2-lobed. Lobes attenuate, 2-2.2mm long, with antrorse strigose margins or not.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Gravel bars, rich soils, alluvial soils or dry soils along streams, spring branches, gravel bars, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to India.
Other info. - This weedy but showy species can be found mostly in the southern half of Missouri. It is very easy to identify, especially while in flower, as no other plant looks or smells quite like it. The purple stems and distinctive leaves are good characters for identification. The leaves of some plants can be crisped, other may not be. Both types of plants can grow right next to each other and are, at most, phases of the species.
The plant was (is) used traditionally to treat a variety of ailments from diarrhea to morning sickness. It is also used as a culinary herb. This species also produces Perilla oil which is used in food products and also in making lacquers and finishes for wood. Perilla oil is a less expensive substitute for Linseed oil, which comes from another plant, Linum usitatissimum L.
Stems - To 1m tall, erect, herbaceous, purple, 4-angled, from fibrous but tough roots, retrorse pubescent, with a single median vertical groove on each side of the stem. The entire plant fragrant.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, decussate. Petioles to +5cm long, antrorse pubescent, purple, with a very shallow adaxial groove. Blades ovate, serrate, acute, to +10cm long, +8cm broad, sometimes crisped or not, typically green above and purple-green or entirely purple below, mostly glabrous above, pubescent on the veins below, with any punctate glands below (use a lens to see). Lateral veins prominent and expressed below.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal indeterminate verticillasters to +15cm long. Axis retrorse pubescent (densely), the hairs purple. Flowers 2 at a node, decussate, each subtended by a single folded bract. Bracts broadly ovate when unfolded, entire, 3-5mm long and broad, glabrous but with ciliolate margins. Pedicels 1-2mm long in flower, longer in fruit, pubescent and glandular.
Flowers - Corolla pink, bilabiate, 4mm long, constricted near the base, pubescent externally, with a single band of long hairs at the base of the filaments internally. Upper lip 3-lobed. Central lobe deflexed, rounded, with a single shallow notch, 2-2.2mm broad, 1-1.5mm long. Lateral lobes rounded, 1.5mm broad, 1-1.2mm long, spreading. Lower lip single-lobed, lobe 2-2.3mm broad, 1-1.4mm long, reflexed. Lower lip bearded internally and with 2-4 darker pink spots internally. Stamens 4, adnate in the middle of the corolla tube, alternating with the corolla lobes, slightly exserted. Filaments white, pinkish at the apex, terete, glabrous, 2mm long. Anthers pinkish, fading to purple, bilobed, .5-.7mm broad. Style glabrous, 2-2.4mm long, included under the upper lip of the corolla, white, fading to lilac at the apex, terete. Ovary 4-parted, 1mm broad in flower, subtended by a nectariferous ring. The nectary with a basal appendage that protrudes slightly past the top of the ovary. Calyx bilabiate, the tube to 1.7mm long in flower, dark purple, hirsute externally, with a band of forward-facing hairs internally (at the base of the lobes). Upper lip 3-lobed. Lobes equal, 1.5mm long, 1mm broad, acute. Lower lip 2-lobed. Lobes attenuate, 2-2.2mm long, with antrorse strigose margins or not.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Gravel bars, rich soils, alluvial soils or dry soils along streams, spring branches, gravel bars, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to India.
Other info. - This weedy but showy species can be found mostly in the southern half of Missouri. It is very easy to identify, especially while in flower, as no other plant looks or smells quite like it. The purple stems and distinctive leaves are good characters for identification. The leaves of some plants can be crisped, other may not be. Both types of plants can grow right next to each other and are, at most, phases of the species.
The plant was (is) used traditionally to treat a variety of ailments from diarrhea to morning sickness. It is also used as a culinary herb. This species also produces Perilla oil which is used in food products and also in making lacquers and finishes for wood. Perilla oil is a less expensive substitute for Linseed oil, which comes from another plant, Linum usitatissimum L.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月23日
Family - Lamiaceae
Stems - To 1.5m tall, dichotomously branching above, from fibrous roots or slender rhizomes, stout, erect, 4-angled, green to purple (in strong sun), hollow, often glaucous, glabrous or sparse pubescent (especially at the nodes), fragrant.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate. Petiole to +/-4cm long, puberulent, with adaxial groove (pubescent in groove), purple. Blade to +10cm long, 6cm broad, scabrous above, punctate, tomentoulose on veins and midrib below, truncate to subcordate at base, serrate, acuminate, fragrant.
Inflorescence - Single terminal capitate cluster of +/-75 flowers. Flowers on pedicels to 1mm long. Pedicels tomentoulose. Clusters subtended by involucre of whorled foliaceous bracts.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, pink. Corolla tube to -2cm long, contracted and white at base in calyx tube, pink above and tomentoulose. Upper lip to 1.5cm long, folding around stamens and style, reflexed with age, pubescent externally with long cilia at apex, glabrous internally. Lower lip to 1.7cm long, with central linear lobe (notched at apex), glabrous internally, pubescent externally. Stamens 2, adnate at apex of corolla tube, exserted from upper lip of corolla. Filaments to 1.4cm long, white, glabrous. Anthers 2mm broad, with brown-purple margin. Style to +3cm long, white below, pinkish-purple at apex, pubescent. Stigma unequally two lobed. Ovary of 4 nutlets. Nutlets to 2mm long in fruit, blackish. Calyx tube to 1cm long, -2mm in diameter, 5-lobed, puberulent, 13-ribbed (nerved). Lobes linear-attenuate, 1.1mm long, dark purple, with spreading cilia on outer margin between lobes and dense erect cilia on margin internally.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Prairies, fields, open rocky woods, glade margins, thickets, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species can be found throughout Missouri but is apparently absent in the extreme southeastern section of the state. It is an easy species to ID in the field. The brilliant, dense flower heads and pleasant fragrance make the plant a perennial favorite, literally. The plant is a big favorite among butterfly gardeners and is widely cultivated. It grows easily from seed.
The leaves have been used traditionally as medicine but today are used to flavor teas. The flowers can be used to dress up a salad or garnish a meal.
The species is sometimes broken up into different varieties but these integrate so I won't mention them.
Stems - To 1.5m tall, dichotomously branching above, from fibrous roots or slender rhizomes, stout, erect, 4-angled, green to purple (in strong sun), hollow, often glaucous, glabrous or sparse pubescent (especially at the nodes), fragrant.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate. Petiole to +/-4cm long, puberulent, with adaxial groove (pubescent in groove), purple. Blade to +10cm long, 6cm broad, scabrous above, punctate, tomentoulose on veins and midrib below, truncate to subcordate at base, serrate, acuminate, fragrant.
Inflorescence - Single terminal capitate cluster of +/-75 flowers. Flowers on pedicels to 1mm long. Pedicels tomentoulose. Clusters subtended by involucre of whorled foliaceous bracts.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, pink. Corolla tube to -2cm long, contracted and white at base in calyx tube, pink above and tomentoulose. Upper lip to 1.5cm long, folding around stamens and style, reflexed with age, pubescent externally with long cilia at apex, glabrous internally. Lower lip to 1.7cm long, with central linear lobe (notched at apex), glabrous internally, pubescent externally. Stamens 2, adnate at apex of corolla tube, exserted from upper lip of corolla. Filaments to 1.4cm long, white, glabrous. Anthers 2mm broad, with brown-purple margin. Style to +3cm long, white below, pinkish-purple at apex, pubescent. Stigma unequally two lobed. Ovary of 4 nutlets. Nutlets to 2mm long in fruit, blackish. Calyx tube to 1cm long, -2mm in diameter, 5-lobed, puberulent, 13-ribbed (nerved). Lobes linear-attenuate, 1.1mm long, dark purple, with spreading cilia on outer margin between lobes and dense erect cilia on margin internally.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Prairies, fields, open rocky woods, glade margins, thickets, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species can be found throughout Missouri but is apparently absent in the extreme southeastern section of the state. It is an easy species to ID in the field. The brilliant, dense flower heads and pleasant fragrance make the plant a perennial favorite, literally. The plant is a big favorite among butterfly gardeners and is widely cultivated. It grows easily from seed.
The leaves have been used traditionally as medicine but today are used to flavor teas. The flowers can be used to dress up a salad or garnish a meal.
The species is sometimes broken up into different varieties but these integrate so I won't mention them.
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