文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
The rose plant (Rosa genus) is about 35 million years old, according to the University of Illinois. Historically, roses have always been popular plants, beloved for their long blooming period, fragrance and beauty, although these things vary depending on species and cultivar. There are around 150 species of roses, with many more cultivars, making it easy for home gardeners to choose just the right rose for their gardens.
Types
There are five broad types of roses, according to the University of Illinois. Species roses are those plants that grow naturally in the wild. They are very hardy rose plants, require minimum care, and range widely in size and appearance. Old European roses are those roses that were hybridized in England before the 18th century. They were bred to be very cold hardy and thrive best in U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) growing zones 3 through 5. Repeat-blooming roses were cultivated from old European roses to bloom all summer long. Along with their cold hardiness, these roses are also known for their strong, pleasing fragrance. Modern roses are the most popular roses sold. These are also called hybrid tea or grandiflora rose plants. They are known for their heavily petaled flowers and wonderful fragrance. Shrub roses are those that do not fit into any of the other categories. They are not all shrubs or upright plants. Some are also ground covers or climbers.
Appearance
Roses have canes, which can be very thick or quite slender. These are the branches from which the flowers bloom. Some are covered with thorns. The leaves of rose plants are ovate and range from medium to dark green in color. They grow in clusters of three or five. The flowers of roses can range from simple, five-petaled blooms to large, heavily ruffled beauties. Rose plants range widely in size, according to Clemson University. Some miniature roses only reach a maximum height of 8 inches, while a few species of climbing roses can climb to 50 feet. Most climbing roses do not get more than 15 feet tall, however. The popular hybrid tea rose plants, which are upright and bushy in form, average between 4 and 6 feet in height and width.
Colors and Cultivars
Roses come in all colors and hues, from a very deep red that looks almost black, to roses that have two or three colors in one flower. There are no blue roses, however. "Golden Celebration" is a bright, cheerful yellow that has a scent to match the flower. This rose smells like honey and will bloom from June to November in USDA zones 5 through 10. "Martin Frobisher" features light pink or lavender blooms, has no thorns and will bloom all summer long. This cold-hardy rose (to USDA zone 2) will reach heights of 7 feet if left unpruned. "Kiss Me" has very large (up to 24 petals) flowers that are a delicate, salmon color. They are very fragrant and grow in USDA zones 4 through 9.
Growing Environment
Rose plants are somewhat particular about their growing environment. Roses must have well-draining soil in order to survive, according to Clemson University. A raised bed works well, which should be in full sunlight. Roses also need plenty of air circulation and rich, organic, loamy soil.
Problems
Rose plants can suffer from insect pests and diseases. They may develop brown or black spots on the leaves, which are caused by a fungus that travels on water and can be avoided by making sure watering is done at the ground level. Aphids, which are tiny white or light green insects, love roses and may cover the stems and leaves of the plant. Insecticides might be needed to get rid of them. Rose plants may also seem to wither up or wilt. This could be caused by root rot, which develops when the soil becomes overly wet for too long. Do not over-water roses, and make sure the planting site does not collect standing water.
Types
There are five broad types of roses, according to the University of Illinois. Species roses are those plants that grow naturally in the wild. They are very hardy rose plants, require minimum care, and range widely in size and appearance. Old European roses are those roses that were hybridized in England before the 18th century. They were bred to be very cold hardy and thrive best in U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) growing zones 3 through 5. Repeat-blooming roses were cultivated from old European roses to bloom all summer long. Along with their cold hardiness, these roses are also known for their strong, pleasing fragrance. Modern roses are the most popular roses sold. These are also called hybrid tea or grandiflora rose plants. They are known for their heavily petaled flowers and wonderful fragrance. Shrub roses are those that do not fit into any of the other categories. They are not all shrubs or upright plants. Some are also ground covers or climbers.
Appearance
Roses have canes, which can be very thick or quite slender. These are the branches from which the flowers bloom. Some are covered with thorns. The leaves of rose plants are ovate and range from medium to dark green in color. They grow in clusters of three or five. The flowers of roses can range from simple, five-petaled blooms to large, heavily ruffled beauties. Rose plants range widely in size, according to Clemson University. Some miniature roses only reach a maximum height of 8 inches, while a few species of climbing roses can climb to 50 feet. Most climbing roses do not get more than 15 feet tall, however. The popular hybrid tea rose plants, which are upright and bushy in form, average between 4 and 6 feet in height and width.
Colors and Cultivars
Roses come in all colors and hues, from a very deep red that looks almost black, to roses that have two or three colors in one flower. There are no blue roses, however. "Golden Celebration" is a bright, cheerful yellow that has a scent to match the flower. This rose smells like honey and will bloom from June to November in USDA zones 5 through 10. "Martin Frobisher" features light pink or lavender blooms, has no thorns and will bloom all summer long. This cold-hardy rose (to USDA zone 2) will reach heights of 7 feet if left unpruned. "Kiss Me" has very large (up to 24 petals) flowers that are a delicate, salmon color. They are very fragrant and grow in USDA zones 4 through 9.
Growing Environment
Rose plants are somewhat particular about their growing environment. Roses must have well-draining soil in order to survive, according to Clemson University. A raised bed works well, which should be in full sunlight. Roses also need plenty of air circulation and rich, organic, loamy soil.
Problems
Rose plants can suffer from insect pests and diseases. They may develop brown or black spots on the leaves, which are caused by a fungus that travels on water and can be avoided by making sure watering is done at the ground level. Aphids, which are tiny white or light green insects, love roses and may cover the stems and leaves of the plant. Insecticides might be needed to get rid of them. Rose plants may also seem to wither up or wilt. This could be caused by root rot, which develops when the soil becomes overly wet for too long. Do not over-water roses, and make sure the planting site does not collect standing water.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
Roses are the classic flowers of romance and elegance, and purple roses can make a remarkable statement in a bouquet or garden. This color is available in all types of rose plant cultivars (cultivated varieties), including hybrid tea, floribunda and climbing. Fragrance, shape and purple shade all vary among types, and sometimes even depending on the nutrients available to the rose from the soil and fertilizer. Purple roses may also be grandiflora, miniature or hedge roses.
Shades of Purple
Purple roses, regardless of type, divide into three main categories by shade: lavender, mauve and purple. Lavender roses are the palest shade, with more blue than red defining the purple color, although they can sometimes appear pinkish in photos. Mauve has more red than blue in the purple, sometimes resembling a burgundy color, but still truly purple. Finally, true purple roses are a perfect combination of red and blue, creating an eye-catching, deep purple color.
Purple Hybrid Tea Roses
Rose enthusiasts developed hybrid tea varieties by cross-breeding two kinds of roses. These roses grow tall on straight stems, usually with a single blossom per stem. They are ideal as cut flowers or specimen plants. Varieties of purple tea roses include Silver Star, Blue Moon, Blue Nile, Blue River, Stainless Steel and Neptune.
Purple Floribunda and Grandiflora Roses
Floribunda roses tend to be shrubby, with a profusion of blossoms on every stem, sometimes tending to grow in clusters. They are a modern rose developed by cross-breeding two other rose types. Purple floribunda varieties include Cotillion, Burgundy Iceberg and Enchanted Evening.
Grandifloras are rose bushes similar in form to floribundas, but tend to be larger, with their flowers taking more of a hybrid-tea-rose shape. Melody Parfumee and Sweetness are both grandiflora cultivars.
Purple Climbing Roses
Any variety of rose, including floribunda and hybrid tea, can develop a climbing form. The canes of climbing roses are longer and more flexible than those of bush forms and can reach heights of 8 feet or more, although shorter ones are also available. Night Owl is a purple climbing rose.
Purple Miniature Roses
Measuring 6 to 36 inches in height, miniature roses are often sold as houseplants, although they descend from outdoor shrubs. Most modern miniature roses are repeat bloomers, rather than the single bloomers they once were. Demitasse, Sweet Chariot and Blue Peter are three varieties of modern miniature roses.
Shrub and Purple Hedge Roses
A shrub rose is simply a type of rose that takes on a shrub form, while hedge roses are roses--usually a shrub rose type--used to form a hedge or border. Lavender Dream, Lavender Lassie, Blue Boy and Outta the Blue are purple shrub roses, and Fragrant Lavender Simplicity® is a purple hedge rose.
Shades of Purple
Purple roses, regardless of type, divide into three main categories by shade: lavender, mauve and purple. Lavender roses are the palest shade, with more blue than red defining the purple color, although they can sometimes appear pinkish in photos. Mauve has more red than blue in the purple, sometimes resembling a burgundy color, but still truly purple. Finally, true purple roses are a perfect combination of red and blue, creating an eye-catching, deep purple color.
Purple Hybrid Tea Roses
Rose enthusiasts developed hybrid tea varieties by cross-breeding two kinds of roses. These roses grow tall on straight stems, usually with a single blossom per stem. They are ideal as cut flowers or specimen plants. Varieties of purple tea roses include Silver Star, Blue Moon, Blue Nile, Blue River, Stainless Steel and Neptune.
Purple Floribunda and Grandiflora Roses
Floribunda roses tend to be shrubby, with a profusion of blossoms on every stem, sometimes tending to grow in clusters. They are a modern rose developed by cross-breeding two other rose types. Purple floribunda varieties include Cotillion, Burgundy Iceberg and Enchanted Evening.
Grandifloras are rose bushes similar in form to floribundas, but tend to be larger, with their flowers taking more of a hybrid-tea-rose shape. Melody Parfumee and Sweetness are both grandiflora cultivars.
Purple Climbing Roses
Any variety of rose, including floribunda and hybrid tea, can develop a climbing form. The canes of climbing roses are longer and more flexible than those of bush forms and can reach heights of 8 feet or more, although shorter ones are also available. Night Owl is a purple climbing rose.
Purple Miniature Roses
Measuring 6 to 36 inches in height, miniature roses are often sold as houseplants, although they descend from outdoor shrubs. Most modern miniature roses are repeat bloomers, rather than the single bloomers they once were. Demitasse, Sweet Chariot and Blue Peter are three varieties of modern miniature roses.
Shrub and Purple Hedge Roses
A shrub rose is simply a type of rose that takes on a shrub form, while hedge roses are roses--usually a shrub rose type--used to form a hedge or border. Lavender Dream, Lavender Lassie, Blue Boy and Outta the Blue are purple shrub roses, and Fragrant Lavender Simplicity® is a purple hedge rose.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
The joy of having "Knock Out" roses is that they are so easy to grow. The disease-, drought- and pest-resistant roses practically take care of themselves. They make attractive, low-maintenance hedges in the landscape. By rooting the cuttings from a "Knock Out" rose, you can have your own easy-to-grow roses.
Step 1
Take cuttings from the tip of the "Knock Out" rose, in the area where the hip is beginning to form. Cut a stem six to eight inches long, at a 45 degree angle, using a sharp knife. Do not allow cuttings to dry out.
Step 2
Select a location for the cuttings to root. A location on the east side of your house, which gets plenty of sunlight, but not direct light, is a good location for your "Knock Out" cuttings. Mix peat moss and composted pine bark, with the existing soil. Soil should be kept moist, but well drained.
Step 3
Remove the leaves on the lower half of the rose cutting, allowing them to remain on the upper half of the cutting. Dip half of the cutting into the rooting hormone. Take your pencil and make a small hole into the soil. Put that portion of the cutting, which has rooting hormone on it, into the hole.
Step 4
Place the cuttings eight inches apart. Firm the soil around the cuttings, by pressing the soil with your palms, to ensure good soil contact. Water the cuttings thoroughly. If necessary, protect the cuttings from the cold.
Step 5
Water the cuttings every other day, if it does not rain. In the spring the "Knock Out" roses will develop leaves and roots. Although they have roots, it is best to leave the young roses in place for one year or until they can be transplanted, without damage.
Step 6
Transplant the young roses to a location that has at least six hours of sun. Do this while the plants are dormant in late winter.
Step 1
Take cuttings from the tip of the "Knock Out" rose, in the area where the hip is beginning to form. Cut a stem six to eight inches long, at a 45 degree angle, using a sharp knife. Do not allow cuttings to dry out.
Step 2
Select a location for the cuttings to root. A location on the east side of your house, which gets plenty of sunlight, but not direct light, is a good location for your "Knock Out" cuttings. Mix peat moss and composted pine bark, with the existing soil. Soil should be kept moist, but well drained.
Step 3
Remove the leaves on the lower half of the rose cutting, allowing them to remain on the upper half of the cutting. Dip half of the cutting into the rooting hormone. Take your pencil and make a small hole into the soil. Put that portion of the cutting, which has rooting hormone on it, into the hole.
Step 4
Place the cuttings eight inches apart. Firm the soil around the cuttings, by pressing the soil with your palms, to ensure good soil contact. Water the cuttings thoroughly. If necessary, protect the cuttings from the cold.
Step 5
Water the cuttings every other day, if it does not rain. In the spring the "Knock Out" roses will develop leaves and roots. Although they have roots, it is best to leave the young roses in place for one year or until they can be transplanted, without damage.
Step 6
Transplant the young roses to a location that has at least six hours of sun. Do this while the plants are dormant in late winter.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
The rose family (Rosaceae) is an amazingly large family of flowering plants characterized by flowers with five separate petals and numerous stamens that protrude from a cup-like base. There are over 2800 species of ornamental roses: over 100 of these are wild with 35 native to the United States. Rosaceae is the third largest plant family in both world distribution and economic importance. Plants in the Rosacea family are surpassed in number only by the plant families of peas (Fabales) and grass (Poaceae).
The Family Rosaceae
The Rosaceae family includes several popular fruit bearing plants such as almond (Prunus dulcis), apricot, (Prunus armeniaca), pear (Pyrus calleryana), plum (Prunus domestica), apple (Malus pumila), cherry (Prunus avium or sweet cherry) (Prunus cerasus or sour cherry), peach and nectarine (Prunus persica), strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) and raspberry (Rubus), as well as ornamental roses (Rosa). Plants from the Rosacae family yield fruits and flowers that are of immense economic importance. The value of these fruits, rose plants, cut roses and other products derived from the plant family support a wide variety of industries, farms and employees. The monies generated from product sales exceed $180 billion dollars annually.
Rose Bushes & Cut Flowers
Rose bushes are used as ornamental plants and cut roses are the favored flower of wedding bouquets and floral gifts. The majority of cut roses are sold by florist for three major United States holidays; Valentine's Day, Mother's Day and Christmas. However, roses are considered the "gift of lovers" and are sold year-around for floral delivery and cut flower sales. Roses sold during the three holiday periods may sell for up to ten times the cost of the price realized by growers during the remainder of the year. It is estimated, that as many as 130 billion rose stems are sold annually worldwide. Roses grown for transplant can be planted from early spring until late fall. Rose bush sales are a major portion of plant nursery and landscape plant contractor sales.
Fragrance
Bulgaria, which produces the famous "Bulgarian Rose", highly prized by the perfume industry for it's intense fragrance, has seen a sharp decline in rose production. Subsidies to farmers that grew Bulgarian Roses have been reduced and land cultivation has been diverted to more lucrative cash crops. To replace the depletion of Bulgarian Rose cultivation, other highly fragrant roses from Persia and Africa are grown for their fragrant oil. Rose essential oil is used in soaps, shampoos, lotions, potions and a plethora of cosmetic products.
North American Rose Growers
The number of North American growers of commercial roses has declined over the past decades from over 500 growers to less than 50. The majority of the world's rose supply is provided by over 200 million rose plants grown in Africa, Central and South America. North America is unable to compete with the low cost of labor available in these regions.
Economic Impact
Roses are cherished around the world for their beauty and scent. To meet the enormous demand for cut roses, rose bushes and rose oil, commercial growers plant literally tens of thousands of acres of roses. Growing roses is labor intensive as they require pruning, spraying, fertilizing and harvesting, most of which must be done by hand. Rose cultivation provides employment to workers in the farming, transportation, marketing, delivery industries as well as wholesale and retail sales outlets. Internationally, the cut floral industry, of which roses accounts for two-thirds of all selections, exceeds $40 billion dollars each year.
The Family Rosaceae
The Rosaceae family includes several popular fruit bearing plants such as almond (Prunus dulcis), apricot, (Prunus armeniaca), pear (Pyrus calleryana), plum (Prunus domestica), apple (Malus pumila), cherry (Prunus avium or sweet cherry) (Prunus cerasus or sour cherry), peach and nectarine (Prunus persica), strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) and raspberry (Rubus), as well as ornamental roses (Rosa). Plants from the Rosacae family yield fruits and flowers that are of immense economic importance. The value of these fruits, rose plants, cut roses and other products derived from the plant family support a wide variety of industries, farms and employees. The monies generated from product sales exceed $180 billion dollars annually.
Rose Bushes & Cut Flowers
Rose bushes are used as ornamental plants and cut roses are the favored flower of wedding bouquets and floral gifts. The majority of cut roses are sold by florist for three major United States holidays; Valentine's Day, Mother's Day and Christmas. However, roses are considered the "gift of lovers" and are sold year-around for floral delivery and cut flower sales. Roses sold during the three holiday periods may sell for up to ten times the cost of the price realized by growers during the remainder of the year. It is estimated, that as many as 130 billion rose stems are sold annually worldwide. Roses grown for transplant can be planted from early spring until late fall. Rose bush sales are a major portion of plant nursery and landscape plant contractor sales.
Fragrance
Bulgaria, which produces the famous "Bulgarian Rose", highly prized by the perfume industry for it's intense fragrance, has seen a sharp decline in rose production. Subsidies to farmers that grew Bulgarian Roses have been reduced and land cultivation has been diverted to more lucrative cash crops. To replace the depletion of Bulgarian Rose cultivation, other highly fragrant roses from Persia and Africa are grown for their fragrant oil. Rose essential oil is used in soaps, shampoos, lotions, potions and a plethora of cosmetic products.
North American Rose Growers
The number of North American growers of commercial roses has declined over the past decades from over 500 growers to less than 50. The majority of the world's rose supply is provided by over 200 million rose plants grown in Africa, Central and South America. North America is unable to compete with the low cost of labor available in these regions.
Economic Impact
Roses are cherished around the world for their beauty and scent. To meet the enormous demand for cut roses, rose bushes and rose oil, commercial growers plant literally tens of thousands of acres of roses. Growing roses is labor intensive as they require pruning, spraying, fertilizing and harvesting, most of which must be done by hand. Rose cultivation provides employment to workers in the farming, transportation, marketing, delivery industries as well as wholesale and retail sales outlets. Internationally, the cut floral industry, of which roses accounts for two-thirds of all selections, exceeds $40 billion dollars each year.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
Roses hold a spiritual significance throughout history. Monks took care of rose gardens in the Middle Ages. Biblical scholars cite references to roses in the Bible. A single red rose, as the Alchemy Guild points out, symbolizes the mystic center.
Soul
The rose is a symbol of the soul in the Muslim religion. Prophet Muhammad used roses as part of his spiritual practices. The fragrance of the rose reminds followers of the connection with their souls.
Christianity
Roses appear in religious depictions of paradise. As the Rev. Theodore A. Koehler notes, the red rose stands for martyrs. The five petals of the rose signify the wounds of Christ. The Virgin Mary is the "Mystic Rose."
Colors
The color of a rose has spiritual significance. The white rose, the "rose of confession" stands for pure spiritual love. White roses in a bridal bouquet represent a holy union. Red roses stand for sacrifice.
Number
Giving a single white rose expresses forgiveness. A bouquet of a dozen roses means "true love" because 12 is considered by many religions as a complete cycle. Nine roses stand for eternal love.
Mythology
Aphrodite is depicted with roses in her hair. Achilles's shield has a rose emblem. The Greek poet Sappho wrote about roses.
Soul
The rose is a symbol of the soul in the Muslim religion. Prophet Muhammad used roses as part of his spiritual practices. The fragrance of the rose reminds followers of the connection with their souls.
Christianity
Roses appear in religious depictions of paradise. As the Rev. Theodore A. Koehler notes, the red rose stands for martyrs. The five petals of the rose signify the wounds of Christ. The Virgin Mary is the "Mystic Rose."
Colors
The color of a rose has spiritual significance. The white rose, the "rose of confession" stands for pure spiritual love. White roses in a bridal bouquet represent a holy union. Red roses stand for sacrifice.
Number
Giving a single white rose expresses forgiveness. A bouquet of a dozen roses means "true love" because 12 is considered by many religions as a complete cycle. Nine roses stand for eternal love.
Mythology
Aphrodite is depicted with roses in her hair. Achilles's shield has a rose emblem. The Greek poet Sappho wrote about roses.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
If you live in a growing zone where the ground freezes, you'll need to cover your Knock Out roses (Rosa 'Radrazz') with protective materials to get them ready for winter. Knock Out roses, including other varieties such as Double Knock Out (Rosa hybrida 'Radtko'), are hardy in United States Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 5 to 9. In those warmer zones where the ground doesn't freeze, you might find that the bushes are some of the most carefree plants you have because they won't require deadheading or much special winter care.
Water in Late Fall
The time to start thinking about the winterizing process is long before winter actually arrives. As the temperatures start to drop in the autumn, but before the first hard freeze -- which will be at different times, depending on your growing zone -- give your roses a good, deep watering. Knock Out roses need about 1 inch per week on a regular basis. Moist soil will help protect the plant's roots from damage. Also stop feeding the plants additional nitrogen as the days get cooler.
Tie Canes Together
Knock Out roses can grow as high as 5 to 8 feet tall, possibly putting them in danger of breakage from the weight of winter snow -- but since they're an "own root" species that grow from their own roots, they're vigorous plants that will survive the onslaught. Fall pruning is not recommended, suggests University of Illinois Extension Master Gardener Judy Penticoff on the Rockford Register Star website.
For bush or shrub-type roses -- including Knock Outs -- the Ohio State University Extension recommends loosely tying the canes together near their tops with string, taking care not to bend the canes.
Add Protective Layers
If you live in USDA zone 5 or lower, take additional steps to protect your Knock Out roses. As a general rule, roses need additional protection from the winter cold when the temperatures drop to 20 degrees Fahrenheit for a few days on end, suggests Colorado State University Extension. After tying the canes together, place 8 to 10 inches of garden soil around the bottom of the shrub, or use other types of mulch. Leaves, shredded newspaper, pine needles or other organic matter are all suitable choices. To further protect your roses, cover the entire shrub with burlap material, or purchase winterizing cylinders from a garden supply store. Pile mulch around the shrub, cover with the cone, and then place a heavy rock or brick on top to keep the cylinder from blowing away in the winter winds.
Care for Knock Outs in Warmer Climates
Knock Out roses were designed to be winter-hardy and low-maintenance, so in warm growing zones without a hard frost and plant dieback, you may be tempted to simply leave them to do their thing. But low-maintenance doesn't mean no-maintenance, reminds University of Florida master gardener Paula Wetherby of the Florida Times-Union. In warm climates, you still need to plant your Knock Out roses in an area that gets good soil drainage and air flow and at least four to six hours of sunlight. Wherever you live, your "winterizing" tasks will also include pruning your Knock Out roses in late winter, before new growth appears. Using pruning tools that you've wiped down with a solution of 1 part bleach to 2 parts water, cut the shrub back to half its height and width, making cuts at a 45-degree angle just above a bud nodule.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
Rose hips are the fruit developed by rose plants after bloom and they mature on the rose plant through the fall and often into winter if left in place. Most species of roses produce hips in some size and amount, but old garden, heirloom and classic shrub roses will tend to develop more of them than modern, highly bred cultivars, according to the University of Illinois. Pruning rose hips can be done at several points in their development, depending entirely on your goals for plant performance and the look you like in your garden. Rose hips are edible for humans and contain high levels of vitamin C and are prized by birds and other animals as a food source.
Step 1
Harvest fresh rose hips at their peak ripeness in the fall. The rose hips are ripe when they become swollen, the skin becomes a deep rich orange or a bright red, the skin is still relatively smooth and they give just slightly when pressed with your thumb. Allow roughly four months after the first flowers have been pollinated for rose hips to develop and be ready for harvest.
Step 2
Groom the rose hip clusters on your plants during the late summer, fall or early winter by selectively removing single rose hips that may have become discolored, damaged or simply look unsightly. Cut the single hips on the thin, short stem that connects the single rose hip to the larger cluster and discard the cutting. Make the cut carefully so as not to disturb or sever the healthy hips from the cluster.
Step 3
Prune away any dried and dessicated rose hips leftover on the plant in early spring after the last hard frost has passed. During the winter, animals or inclement weather will usually strip the hips from the rose plants, but occasionally some remain tethered. Cut back the rose cane to a point of live wood, below where the hips are attached, just 1/8 to 1/4 inch above a healthy bud or leaf axil. The dried-up hips can be composted or discarded.
Step 1
Harvest fresh rose hips at their peak ripeness in the fall. The rose hips are ripe when they become swollen, the skin becomes a deep rich orange or a bright red, the skin is still relatively smooth and they give just slightly when pressed with your thumb. Allow roughly four months after the first flowers have been pollinated for rose hips to develop and be ready for harvest.
Step 2
Groom the rose hip clusters on your plants during the late summer, fall or early winter by selectively removing single rose hips that may have become discolored, damaged or simply look unsightly. Cut the single hips on the thin, short stem that connects the single rose hip to the larger cluster and discard the cutting. Make the cut carefully so as not to disturb or sever the healthy hips from the cluster.
Step 3
Prune away any dried and dessicated rose hips leftover on the plant in early spring after the last hard frost has passed. During the winter, animals or inclement weather will usually strip the hips from the rose plants, but occasionally some remain tethered. Cut back the rose cane to a point of live wood, below where the hips are attached, just 1/8 to 1/4 inch above a healthy bud or leaf axil. The dried-up hips can be composted or discarded.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
Roses are among the more difficult flowering bushes to grow, primarily because they are vulnerable to a wide range of plant diseases. Brown spots on rose bush leaves are among the most common problems encountered by gardeners. Those who wish to garden organically don't have the wide arsenal of chemical sprays to turn to that solve all your rose problems in one spray but may have deleterious effects on the environment. Fortunately, organic methods of getting rid of brown spots on rose leaves are available.
Step 1
Prevent brown spots before they become a problem by practicing careful watering and pruning. Brown spots on roses are nearly always the result of a fungus; hence, good moisture control is essential to keeping them at bay. Do not water the leaves of a rose bush, only the root area. Avoid allowing plants to become crowded, and don't plant roses in a high-humidity area of your garden, such as an area that receives less sun or where mold problems have occurred before. Prune rose bushes well to promote healthy growth and clean your pruning shears and any other garden implements that touch roses well, to prevent spreading mold from one plant to another.
Step 2
Inspect plants to verify that the problem is, in fact, fungal. True brown spots always are; however, brown curled edges of leaves are a sign of scorching, and small yellowish spots can be a sign of insect infestation. Observe whether the spots are evenly distributed on the leaf or whether the browning is at the edges. If it is primarily at the edges, and the leaves are curled as well as discolored, excessive sun exposure is the culprit, and moving the plant to a shadier area after the last flowering is the best option. If the spots are yellowish, rather than brown, insects may be the cause. Look for bugs on the leaves to confirm. Organic insecticidal soap is the best bet for dealing with infestations.
Step 3
Spray rose leaves with organic fungicide if a fungal problem has been established. If using baking soda instead of purchased spray, mix one part baking soda with 15 parts water, and place in a clean laundry spray bottle. Re-apply fungal spray once a week and after any rainfall. If the infestation is small, remove diseased leaves and discard them in the garbage (do not discard them outdoors, since this can lead to the fungus spreading).
Step 1
Prevent brown spots before they become a problem by practicing careful watering and pruning. Brown spots on roses are nearly always the result of a fungus; hence, good moisture control is essential to keeping them at bay. Do not water the leaves of a rose bush, only the root area. Avoid allowing plants to become crowded, and don't plant roses in a high-humidity area of your garden, such as an area that receives less sun or where mold problems have occurred before. Prune rose bushes well to promote healthy growth and clean your pruning shears and any other garden implements that touch roses well, to prevent spreading mold from one plant to another.
Step 2
Inspect plants to verify that the problem is, in fact, fungal. True brown spots always are; however, brown curled edges of leaves are a sign of scorching, and small yellowish spots can be a sign of insect infestation. Observe whether the spots are evenly distributed on the leaf or whether the browning is at the edges. If it is primarily at the edges, and the leaves are curled as well as discolored, excessive sun exposure is the culprit, and moving the plant to a shadier area after the last flowering is the best option. If the spots are yellowish, rather than brown, insects may be the cause. Look for bugs on the leaves to confirm. Organic insecticidal soap is the best bet for dealing with infestations.
Step 3
Spray rose leaves with organic fungicide if a fungal problem has been established. If using baking soda instead of purchased spray, mix one part baking soda with 15 parts water, and place in a clean laundry spray bottle. Re-apply fungal spray once a week and after any rainfall. If the infestation is small, remove diseased leaves and discard them in the garbage (do not discard them outdoors, since this can lead to the fungus spreading).
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
Knockout rose bushes are identifiable by their flower petals that bend outward instead of forward like most rose varieties. The center of the flower has a visible yellow or white section, unlike other roses. Because the Knockout rose bush is a hardy variety of plant, it can quickly grow out of control. Regularly pruning Knockout rose bushes will help control the plant's size and increase the number of roses the bush produces.
Step 1
Wait until late winter or very early spring to prune the Knockout rose bush, before it starts to regrow.
Step 2
Examine the rose bush for any limbs that do not have any flower buds, that appear broken or diseased, or that are a darker color than the surrounding stems. Cut off these dead stems with pruning shears 1/2 inch from the base of the bush.
Step 3
Locate two or three of the tallest and oldest stems near the center of the bush and prune them off 1 inch from the base of the bush using pruning shears. This opens up the bush and encourages new foliage to grow.
Step 4
Cut off 1/3 of each plant stem using the pruning shears to improve the plant's shape and promote additional blooms. Look for a small bud on the stem that is facing away from the bush and cut the stem just above the bud angled towards the rose bush.
Step 1
Wait until late winter or very early spring to prune the Knockout rose bush, before it starts to regrow.
Step 2
Examine the rose bush for any limbs that do not have any flower buds, that appear broken or diseased, or that are a darker color than the surrounding stems. Cut off these dead stems with pruning shears 1/2 inch from the base of the bush.
Step 3
Locate two or three of the tallest and oldest stems near the center of the bush and prune them off 1 inch from the base of the bush using pruning shears. This opens up the bush and encourages new foliage to grow.
Step 4
Cut off 1/3 of each plant stem using the pruning shears to improve the plant's shape and promote additional blooms. Look for a small bud on the stem that is facing away from the bush and cut the stem just above the bud angled towards the rose bush.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
Knock Out Roses are favorites with gardeners for their easy maintenance and long blooming season. In Georgia, they are versatile enough to thrive in all areas of the state. One of the only tasks needed to keep Knock Out Roses looking great year after year is an annual pruning.
When to Prune
Prune Knock Out Roses in late February, recommends the University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service. The last hard frost typically has occurred by this time, making pruning safe, according to the rose's developer, The Conard-Pyle Company.
How Much to Prune
Prune no more than one-third of the plant at one time, warns University of Georgia extension experts. Remove all damaged limbs or sections of the plant damaged by cold temperatures.
Touch-Up Pruning
Knock Out Roses eventually shed their wilted blooms, but some gardeners prefer to snip those away promptly at mid-season for aesthetic reasons. It's also acceptable to lightly shape the plants during the year, if desired.
When to Prune
Prune Knock Out Roses in late February, recommends the University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service. The last hard frost typically has occurred by this time, making pruning safe, according to the rose's developer, The Conard-Pyle Company.
How Much to Prune
Prune no more than one-third of the plant at one time, warns University of Georgia extension experts. Remove all damaged limbs or sections of the plant damaged by cold temperatures.
Touch-Up Pruning
Knock Out Roses eventually shed their wilted blooms, but some gardeners prefer to snip those away promptly at mid-season for aesthetic reasons. It's also acceptable to lightly shape the plants during the year, if desired.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
In 1988 rose breeder William Radler developed the Knockout Rose shrub, which has since proven resistant to cold climates and many common rose diseases such as black spot. The best time to plant your Knockout roses is dependent on your location and the maturity of the rose roots or plants you are planting.
Seasons
According to Rose Gardening Made Easy, the best times to plant knockout roses are in the early spring or late winter if you live a region that experiences cold winter seasons. If you live in an area with a warm climate such as California, Texas or Florida, you can plant in the fall or early December.
Root or Plant
If you are planting rose bulbs or roots, you should plant them in the springtime to give them plenty of time to grow before the cold weather arrives. According to Rose Gardening Made Easy, rose plants can be placed in containers or planted in the ground during much of the year, as long as the ground is not frozen or water logged.
Considerations
Knockout roses have proven their hardiness and durability relative to other types of roses--they are winter hardy to USDA Zone 5 and heat tolerant throughout the U.S. However, a few environmental threats are common to all roses, including Knockouts. Frost and cold weather will stunt the growth of Knockout roots or young plants, and they generally don't fair well when their roots are left to soak in water.
Tips
Wait until the last frost has passed before you begin planting. Check with your local nursery if you are unsure when it is safe to plant. Plant roses where there is plenty of drainage, and modify your watering patterns in accordance with heavy rain or prolonged sun and heat. In regions that experience especially cold winters, it may be necessary to provide protection for the knockouts in your garden; check with your local nursery for guidance.
Seasons
According to Rose Gardening Made Easy, the best times to plant knockout roses are in the early spring or late winter if you live a region that experiences cold winter seasons. If you live in an area with a warm climate such as California, Texas or Florida, you can plant in the fall or early December.
Root or Plant
If you are planting rose bulbs or roots, you should plant them in the springtime to give them plenty of time to grow before the cold weather arrives. According to Rose Gardening Made Easy, rose plants can be placed in containers or planted in the ground during much of the year, as long as the ground is not frozen or water logged.
Considerations
Knockout roses have proven their hardiness and durability relative to other types of roses--they are winter hardy to USDA Zone 5 and heat tolerant throughout the U.S. However, a few environmental threats are common to all roses, including Knockouts. Frost and cold weather will stunt the growth of Knockout roots or young plants, and they generally don't fair well when their roots are left to soak in water.
Tips
Wait until the last frost has passed before you begin planting. Check with your local nursery if you are unsure when it is safe to plant. Plant roses where there is plenty of drainage, and modify your watering patterns in accordance with heavy rain or prolonged sun and heat. In regions that experience especially cold winters, it may be necessary to provide protection for the knockouts in your garden; check with your local nursery for guidance.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
Miniature potted roses accent a home's interior with beautiful rose blooms. Caring for mini roses indoors is similar to caring for full-size roses outdoors, only with less work. Indoors, the plant will typically be less prone to pests, and you won't have to worry about weather damage. Less care doesn't mean no care, of course. Keeping certain things in mind will help you maintain your mini roses.
Step 1
Keep your indoor mini roses in a sunny area of your home. The roses will not bloom unless they get enough sunshine.
Step 2
Check the rose's soil for dryness each day. If you stick your finger in the pot and the soil is dry an inch down, you need to water. Water your mini roses deeply so the roots get a good drink--continue until the water starts seeping out of the drainage holes in the bottom of the planter.
Step 3
Cut off old blooms with a sharp knife or pruning shears. Guide to Houseplants.com advises cutting the stem below the bloom at a 45-degree angle. This is a good time to check for insects on the roses. Deal with insects quickly by squishing them or spraying them with pesticide. Most houseplant pesticides will work fine for insects on mini rose plants.
Step 4
Fertilize mini indoor roses with the same fertilizer you use on outdoor roses. Many brands offer fertilizer geared towards roses. Only fertilize the roses when they're in their growing season (spring and summer). You shouldn't have to fertilize indoor potted roses as often as outdoor roses.
Step 5
Prune off dead stems and foliage, cutting the stems at a 45-degree angle. Grow-Roses.com suggests pruning the mini roses back, leaving only 3 inches in height, when the roses are dormant in winter.
Step 1
Keep your indoor mini roses in a sunny area of your home. The roses will not bloom unless they get enough sunshine.
Step 2
Check the rose's soil for dryness each day. If you stick your finger in the pot and the soil is dry an inch down, you need to water. Water your mini roses deeply so the roots get a good drink--continue until the water starts seeping out of the drainage holes in the bottom of the planter.
Step 3
Cut off old blooms with a sharp knife or pruning shears. Guide to Houseplants.com advises cutting the stem below the bloom at a 45-degree angle. This is a good time to check for insects on the roses. Deal with insects quickly by squishing them or spraying them with pesticide. Most houseplant pesticides will work fine for insects on mini rose plants.
Step 4
Fertilize mini indoor roses with the same fertilizer you use on outdoor roses. Many brands offer fertilizer geared towards roses. Only fertilize the roses when they're in their growing season (spring and summer). You shouldn't have to fertilize indoor potted roses as often as outdoor roses.
Step 5
Prune off dead stems and foliage, cutting the stems at a 45-degree angle. Grow-Roses.com suggests pruning the mini roses back, leaving only 3 inches in height, when the roses are dormant in winter.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
Roses range greatly in size and appearance depending on the type. They offer an appealing form and a pleasing fragrance but often have high maintenance requirements, insect and disease susceptibility and thorns. Knock Out roses, a trademarked variety, offer improved characteristics in some of these areas.
Knockout Rose
The Knock Out rose is a type of modern shrub rose. It reaches a height of three feet and develops pinkish-red blooms. It is not one of the thornless roses.
Benefits
Gardeners appreciate the Knock Out rose for its disease resistance and drought tolerance. It also has lower maintenance requirements than many other roses; it does not need to be deadheaded throughout the growing season.
Thornless Roses
Although the Knock Out rose is not a thornless rose, other thornless shrub roses do exist. These include the "Excellence von Schubert," a heat-tolerant rose with an excellent fragrance. The "Cardinal de Richelieu" grows four feet tall, with blooms that last longer than most other roses. The "J.P. Connell" shrub rose is a yellow thornless cultivar that is winter hardy.
Knockout Rose
The Knock Out rose is a type of modern shrub rose. It reaches a height of three feet and develops pinkish-red blooms. It is not one of the thornless roses.
Benefits
Gardeners appreciate the Knock Out rose for its disease resistance and drought tolerance. It also has lower maintenance requirements than many other roses; it does not need to be deadheaded throughout the growing season.
Thornless Roses
Although the Knock Out rose is not a thornless rose, other thornless shrub roses do exist. These include the "Excellence von Schubert," a heat-tolerant rose with an excellent fragrance. The "Cardinal de Richelieu" grows four feet tall, with blooms that last longer than most other roses. The "J.P. Connell" shrub rose is a yellow thornless cultivar that is winter hardy.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
The time to plant, and which variety of rose will succeed in your Ohio rose garden, depends on whether you live in north or south Ohio. Hybrid tea roses, for instance, require winter protection in northern Ohio, but not in the south. The time to prune a rose bush is the same, though, for all Ohio gardeners.
Significance
Rose bushes require pruning for a number of reasons, chief among them is to clear out overgrowth to allow for better air circulation within the plant. Roses are susceptible to fungal diseases that thrive when air circulation within the plant is impeded.
The Facts
Ask any number of rosarians how to prune a rose bush and you will get that many different answers. There is no one "right" way to prune. At the least, prune to thin the growth in the middle of the plant. Cut branches that cross over one another and prune to keep the plant to the size you desire.
Timing
Prime rose pruning times in Ohio gardens are during March and into early April. Heirloom roses, also known as old garden roses, should be pruned immediately after they finish blooming.
Significance
Rose bushes require pruning for a number of reasons, chief among them is to clear out overgrowth to allow for better air circulation within the plant. Roses are susceptible to fungal diseases that thrive when air circulation within the plant is impeded.
The Facts
Ask any number of rosarians how to prune a rose bush and you will get that many different answers. There is no one "right" way to prune. At the least, prune to thin the growth in the middle of the plant. Cut branches that cross over one another and prune to keep the plant to the size you desire.
Timing
Prime rose pruning times in Ohio gardens are during March and into early April. Heirloom roses, also known as old garden roses, should be pruned immediately after they finish blooming.
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文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
Life may not be a bed of roses, but growing a bed of roses (Rosa spp.) captures life's hopes and disappointments more than most gardening experiences. Not many plants trigger such anticipation with their burgeoning buds or bring such heartbreak when their buds fade to brown, taking the hope of headily fragrant blooms with them. In order to spare yourself from this fate, keep your roses' buds warm, dry and bug-free, and your rose bed clean. Depending on their variety, roses are hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 2 through 10.
Frost Damage
Where mild winters keep rose buds coming, a few hours of frost can shrivel and brown them. Even worse, frost-injured rose stems, or canes, may develop a canker fungus infection. Avert disaster by watering your roses as soon as the forecast calls for frost. Moist soil retains heat during the day and releases it to the plants after dark. Cocooning the plants in bedsheets before the temperature dips below 40 degrees Fahrenheit minimizes their frost injury. Uncover them in the morning before they overheat.
Gray Mold Infection
Rose buds deteriorating into brownish-gray mush have Botrytis blight, better known as gray mold. Moist, mild weather with temperatures are 62 to 72 F encourages the fungal disease. The drooping buds may not open; if they do, the blooms may resemble brown pulp. As the infection moves down the canes, cankers mark its progress.
Cultural Gray Mold Control
Mail-order, bare-root roses often arrive with stowaway gray mold spores. Remove such roses from their packaging sleeves immediately, and plant them far enough apart so they have good air circulation. Keeping their leaves dry when you water the plants helps because gray mold spores need moisture to germinate. Remove old or damaged blooms promptly, along with the diseased plant parts and soil debris. Disinfect your pruning tools in a solution that is one part household bleach and nine parts water between cuts and after you finish pruning. The infected plant material should be disposed of in sealed plastic bags.
Fungicide Option
Chronic gray mold in roses can be treated by spraying the plants with a premixed, ready-to-use chlorothalonil fungicide as soon as their buds break in spring. On a cool, overcast day with calm rather than breezy conditions, put on clothing that covers all of your skin, closed-toe shoes, a face mask, gloves and goggles, and spray the fungicide until it drips from the rose bushes. Repeat the application weekly while cool, damp conditions persist. Each time you use the spray, keep the area around your roses off-limits to people and pets during spraying and until the spray dries.
Sap-Thieving Thrips
Thrips insects invade rose buds with ease; placed end-to end, 25 of the yellowish-brown or black bugs stretch less than 1 inch. After overwintering as pupae in grass and soil debris, they ride spring breezes to plants, tunnel deep into developing buds and feed on sap or pollen. Brown-scarred bud sepals -- the narrow, green outer petals -- indicate the presence of thrips. The buds either remain closed or open with brown-streaked petals. In mild-winter locations, thrips may breed all year.
Thrips Control
Treating developing rose buds with ready-to-use insecticidal soap prevents damage from thrips. Unless the insecticidal soap's label indicates otherwise, spray the product every other day, coating only the buds until they drip. After drying, the soap won't harm lacewing larvae and other thrips predators. Flooding the soil around your plants periodically in late spring and summer drowns thrips pupae and interrupts the insects' breeding cycle.
Frost Damage
Where mild winters keep rose buds coming, a few hours of frost can shrivel and brown them. Even worse, frost-injured rose stems, or canes, may develop a canker fungus infection. Avert disaster by watering your roses as soon as the forecast calls for frost. Moist soil retains heat during the day and releases it to the plants after dark. Cocooning the plants in bedsheets before the temperature dips below 40 degrees Fahrenheit minimizes their frost injury. Uncover them in the morning before they overheat.
Gray Mold Infection
Rose buds deteriorating into brownish-gray mush have Botrytis blight, better known as gray mold. Moist, mild weather with temperatures are 62 to 72 F encourages the fungal disease. The drooping buds may not open; if they do, the blooms may resemble brown pulp. As the infection moves down the canes, cankers mark its progress.
Cultural Gray Mold Control
Mail-order, bare-root roses often arrive with stowaway gray mold spores. Remove such roses from their packaging sleeves immediately, and plant them far enough apart so they have good air circulation. Keeping their leaves dry when you water the plants helps because gray mold spores need moisture to germinate. Remove old or damaged blooms promptly, along with the diseased plant parts and soil debris. Disinfect your pruning tools in a solution that is one part household bleach and nine parts water between cuts and after you finish pruning. The infected plant material should be disposed of in sealed plastic bags.
Fungicide Option
Chronic gray mold in roses can be treated by spraying the plants with a premixed, ready-to-use chlorothalonil fungicide as soon as their buds break in spring. On a cool, overcast day with calm rather than breezy conditions, put on clothing that covers all of your skin, closed-toe shoes, a face mask, gloves and goggles, and spray the fungicide until it drips from the rose bushes. Repeat the application weekly while cool, damp conditions persist. Each time you use the spray, keep the area around your roses off-limits to people and pets during spraying and until the spray dries.
Sap-Thieving Thrips
Thrips insects invade rose buds with ease; placed end-to end, 25 of the yellowish-brown or black bugs stretch less than 1 inch. After overwintering as pupae in grass and soil debris, they ride spring breezes to plants, tunnel deep into developing buds and feed on sap or pollen. Brown-scarred bud sepals -- the narrow, green outer petals -- indicate the presence of thrips. The buds either remain closed or open with brown-streaked petals. In mild-winter locations, thrips may breed all year.
Thrips Control
Treating developing rose buds with ready-to-use insecticidal soap prevents damage from thrips. Unless the insecticidal soap's label indicates otherwise, spray the product every other day, coating only the buds until they drip. After drying, the soap won't harm lacewing larvae and other thrips predators. Flooding the soil around your plants periodically in late spring and summer drowns thrips pupae and interrupts the insects' breeding cycle.
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