文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Scrophulariaceae
Stems - Glabrous to glandular pubescent, multiple from base, from fibrous roots or a small taproot, simple to branching, erect or ascending, herbaceous, often purplish below, to +/-20cm tall.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, green and often reddish at apex. Lower leaves petiolate. Petioles to -1cm long. Blades ovate, shallow crenate, glabrous to glandular pubescent, to 1.3cm long. Upper leaves sessile, to 2cm long, 6-7mm broad, glabrous to glandular pubescent, oblong to oblanceolate, coarsely serrate to crenate-serrate, reduced to foliaceous bracts in inflorescence.
Inflorescence - Loose terminal raceme. Flowers appearing as single axillary flowers because of subtending foliaceous bracts.
Flowers - Corolla deeply 4-lobed, white, glabrous, to 4mm long. Lobes 2mm long, to 2mm broad, obtuse at apex. Stamens 2, included to slightly exserted. Style short, to .3mm long. Ovary obcordate, compressed, glabrous to glandular pubescent, green. Calyx deeply 4-lobed. Lobes 4-5mm long, 1.1mm broad, linear-oblong, glabrous, erect. Capsule to +/-4mm long and broad at apex, obcordate, glabrous to glandular pubescent.
Flowering - April - August.
Habitat - Moist ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is very small and the flowers are inconspicuous and often overlooked. The flowers also wilt quickly when hit with hot direct sun.
This species is common throughout Missouri and can grow anywhere if the soil is moist.
Steyermark lists two varieties for the state. Variety peregrina is glabrous throughout, and var. xalapensis (HBK.) Pennell is glandular pubescent.
Stems - Glabrous to glandular pubescent, multiple from base, from fibrous roots or a small taproot, simple to branching, erect or ascending, herbaceous, often purplish below, to +/-20cm tall.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, green and often reddish at apex. Lower leaves petiolate. Petioles to -1cm long. Blades ovate, shallow crenate, glabrous to glandular pubescent, to 1.3cm long. Upper leaves sessile, to 2cm long, 6-7mm broad, glabrous to glandular pubescent, oblong to oblanceolate, coarsely serrate to crenate-serrate, reduced to foliaceous bracts in inflorescence.
Inflorescence - Loose terminal raceme. Flowers appearing as single axillary flowers because of subtending foliaceous bracts.
Flowers - Corolla deeply 4-lobed, white, glabrous, to 4mm long. Lobes 2mm long, to 2mm broad, obtuse at apex. Stamens 2, included to slightly exserted. Style short, to .3mm long. Ovary obcordate, compressed, glabrous to glandular pubescent, green. Calyx deeply 4-lobed. Lobes 4-5mm long, 1.1mm broad, linear-oblong, glabrous, erect. Capsule to +/-4mm long and broad at apex, obcordate, glabrous to glandular pubescent.
Flowering - April - August.
Habitat - Moist ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is very small and the flowers are inconspicuous and often overlooked. The flowers also wilt quickly when hit with hot direct sun.
This species is common throughout Missouri and can grow anywhere if the soil is moist.
Steyermark lists two varieties for the state. Variety peregrina is glabrous throughout, and var. xalapensis (HBK.) Pennell is glandular pubescent.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Caprifoliaceae
Stems - To +3m tall, woody, glabrous, erect, branching, multiple from base, with large whitish pith. New growth green, glabrous, often glaucous.
Leaves - Opposite, pinnately compound. Petioles to +6cm long, glabrous, with an adaxial groove. Petiolules to +5mm long. Leaflets typically 5-9 per leaf, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent, oblong to lanceolate, crenate-serrate, to +10cm long, +5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal compound cymes, typically dome shaped to flattened, to 30cm broad.
Flowers - Corolla white, 5-lobed, glabrous, 5-6mm broad. Lobes 2.2mm long, 2mm broad, rounded to emarginate at apex. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube, alternating with corolla lobes, erect to spreading. Filaments white, glabrous, 2.4mm long. Anthers yellow, .5mm long. Style wanting. Stigma 5-lobed, capitate. Ovary inferior, 4-locular. Calyx tube 1mm long, creamy white, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, .5mm long. Fruits blackish-purple, globose, glabrous, to 5mm in diameter, 4-seeded.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Open woods, thickets, waste ground, disturbed sites, fence rows, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is actually quite aggressive if given the right conditions. It spreads by suckering. The fruits are edible if cooked (boiled) and this plant is the source of the ever popular "Elderberry jelly". The pith of the stems is large, soft, and easily removed and my dad tells childhood stories of making flutes from stems of a similar European species. Don't get too much sap in your mouth though, it's toxic. The plants contain calcium oxalate crystals which do a number on a persons kidneys.
Stems - To +3m tall, woody, glabrous, erect, branching, multiple from base, with large whitish pith. New growth green, glabrous, often glaucous.
Leaves - Opposite, pinnately compound. Petioles to +6cm long, glabrous, with an adaxial groove. Petiolules to +5mm long. Leaflets typically 5-9 per leaf, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent, oblong to lanceolate, crenate-serrate, to +10cm long, +5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal compound cymes, typically dome shaped to flattened, to 30cm broad.
Flowers - Corolla white, 5-lobed, glabrous, 5-6mm broad. Lobes 2.2mm long, 2mm broad, rounded to emarginate at apex. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube, alternating with corolla lobes, erect to spreading. Filaments white, glabrous, 2.4mm long. Anthers yellow, .5mm long. Style wanting. Stigma 5-lobed, capitate. Ovary inferior, 4-locular. Calyx tube 1mm long, creamy white, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, .5mm long. Fruits blackish-purple, globose, glabrous, to 5mm in diameter, 4-seeded.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Open woods, thickets, waste ground, disturbed sites, fence rows, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is actually quite aggressive if given the right conditions. It spreads by suckering. The fruits are edible if cooked (boiled) and this plant is the source of the ever popular "Elderberry jelly". The pith of the stems is large, soft, and easily removed and my dad tells childhood stories of making flutes from stems of a similar European species. Don't get too much sap in your mouth though, it's toxic. The plants contain calcium oxalate crystals which do a number on a persons kidneys.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Lamiaceae
Stems - To +80cm tall, erect, herbaceous, multiple or single from base, branching, 4-angled, glabrous, from thin rhizomes.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, entire, linear, acute, to 5.5cm long, 2-4mm broad, glabrous, dark green above, lighter green below, punctate.
Inflorescence - Compact corymbose arrangement of glomerules. Glomerules +/-7mm broad, 4mm tall(long), with an involucre of attenuate pubescent bracts. Bracts 3-4mm long, 2mm broad, with densely ciliate margins, reduced inward. Flowers sessile.
Flowers - Corolla white to pinkish, bilabiate. Corolla tube to -5mm long, pubescent externally near apex. Upper lip single-lobed. Lobe to 2.6mm long, 1.4mm broad, emarginate, pubescent internally and externally. Lower lip 3-lobed, with faint pinkish spotting. Central lobe longer than lateral lobes, to 2.5mm long, 1.2mm broad, pubescent internally and externally. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate at apex of corolla tube. Filaments to 1.9mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers pale lilac, .4mm broad. Style white, to 6mm long, glabrous, long exserted, tuberculate and expanded just above ovary. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary 4-parted, green, glabrous. Calyx tube 2.7mm long, lanate, 4-lobed. Lobes equal, acute, to 1.1mm long, short pubescent to glabrous externally, glabrous internally. Nutlets dark brown at maturity, to 1mm long.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Dry rocky open woods, prairies, wet thickets, meadows, streambanks, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is common throughout the entire state of Missouri.
This member of the mint family is easy to recognize because of its thin dense leaves and its dense small flower clusters (glomerules). Insects like to visit the plant to retrieve nectar. The leaves and stem have a strong minty odor and the plant can be brewed as a tea.
Stems - To +80cm tall, erect, herbaceous, multiple or single from base, branching, 4-angled, glabrous, from thin rhizomes.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, entire, linear, acute, to 5.5cm long, 2-4mm broad, glabrous, dark green above, lighter green below, punctate.
Inflorescence - Compact corymbose arrangement of glomerules. Glomerules +/-7mm broad, 4mm tall(long), with an involucre of attenuate pubescent bracts. Bracts 3-4mm long, 2mm broad, with densely ciliate margins, reduced inward. Flowers sessile.
Flowers - Corolla white to pinkish, bilabiate. Corolla tube to -5mm long, pubescent externally near apex. Upper lip single-lobed. Lobe to 2.6mm long, 1.4mm broad, emarginate, pubescent internally and externally. Lower lip 3-lobed, with faint pinkish spotting. Central lobe longer than lateral lobes, to 2.5mm long, 1.2mm broad, pubescent internally and externally. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate at apex of corolla tube. Filaments to 1.9mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers pale lilac, .4mm broad. Style white, to 6mm long, glabrous, long exserted, tuberculate and expanded just above ovary. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary 4-parted, green, glabrous. Calyx tube 2.7mm long, lanate, 4-lobed. Lobes equal, acute, to 1.1mm long, short pubescent to glabrous externally, glabrous internally. Nutlets dark brown at maturity, to 1mm long.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Dry rocky open woods, prairies, wet thickets, meadows, streambanks, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is common throughout the entire state of Missouri.
This member of the mint family is easy to recognize because of its thin dense leaves and its dense small flower clusters (glomerules). Insects like to visit the plant to retrieve nectar. The leaves and stem have a strong minty odor and the plant can be brewed as a tea.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Hydrangeaceae
Stems - Woody, multiple from base, branching, to 4m tall. Young twigs somewhat angled, light green to reddish brown, glabrous.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to 8mm long, pubescent. Blades ovate, with shallow teeth or entire, glabrous or sparsely hairy above, pubescent below, to 8cm long, 6cm broad, acute. Main venation curving towards tip of leaf and not ending at margins. Leaves of flowering branches smaller.
Inflorescence - Terminal panicles of 3-9 flowers. Pedicels to 7mm long, pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla to +/-3cm broad, rotate, fragrant. Petals 4 (or 5), white, glabrous, spreading, free, obtue to emarginate at apex, 1.6cm long, +/-1cm broad. Stamens many(+30), erect. Filaments white, to 7mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow-brown, 1.5mm long. Styles 5, basally connate for 3mm. Stigmas yellow, flattened. Ovary inferior, 4-locular. Placentation axile. Ovules (seeds) many. Hypanthium to 4mm long, lanate. Sepals 4 or 5, 6mm long, 3-4mm broad at base, typically apiculate, lanate, persistent in fruit, spreading.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Wooded slopes, rich woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is not common growing wild in Missouri, but is cultivated. The wild plants are listed as endangered and are from the extreme southwestern portion of the state in McDonald County. It is not that the plant is rare, it is probably just at the extreme edge of its natural range here in Missouri.
Stems - Woody, multiple from base, branching, to 4m tall. Young twigs somewhat angled, light green to reddish brown, glabrous.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to 8mm long, pubescent. Blades ovate, with shallow teeth or entire, glabrous or sparsely hairy above, pubescent below, to 8cm long, 6cm broad, acute. Main venation curving towards tip of leaf and not ending at margins. Leaves of flowering branches smaller.
Inflorescence - Terminal panicles of 3-9 flowers. Pedicels to 7mm long, pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla to +/-3cm broad, rotate, fragrant. Petals 4 (or 5), white, glabrous, spreading, free, obtue to emarginate at apex, 1.6cm long, +/-1cm broad. Stamens many(+30), erect. Filaments white, to 7mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow-brown, 1.5mm long. Styles 5, basally connate for 3mm. Stigmas yellow, flattened. Ovary inferior, 4-locular. Placentation axile. Ovules (seeds) many. Hypanthium to 4mm long, lanate. Sepals 4 or 5, 6mm long, 3-4mm broad at base, typically apiculate, lanate, persistent in fruit, spreading.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Wooded slopes, rich woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is not common growing wild in Missouri, but is cultivated. The wild plants are listed as endangered and are from the extreme southwestern portion of the state in McDonald County. It is not that the plant is rare, it is probably just at the extreme edge of its natural range here in Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Scrophulariaceae
Stems - To +1m tall, herbaceous, erect but reclining with age, hollow, somewhat 4-angled (the angles very rounded), green but with purple vertical stripes in the internodes, mostly glabrous but with vertical lines of curled hairs in the internodes (the hairs multicellular, use a leans to see).
Leaves - Opposite, short-petiolate, decussate. Petioles to 1cm long, mostly glabrous but with a few multicellular hairs on the margins. Blades linear-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, to +10cm long, 3cm broad, deep green above, lighter below, sparse pubescent above and below, shallowly pinnately lobed. Each lobe with crenulate-serrulate margins. Lateral veins of leaf impressed above, expressed below. Veins in a minute reticulate pattern (visible abaxially).
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary bracteate spikes to +/-10cm long (tall). Each flower subtended by a foliaceous bract. Bracts with a distinctly bent petiole and a pair of basal auricles (auricles spreading laterally), folded in at least the basal 1/2, accrescent, +/-1.5cm long in flower, with a few marginal hairs otherwise glabrous, with crenulate-serrulate margins. Flowers of the spike arranged in a "pinwheel" fashion.
Flowers - Corolla white, +/-2.5cm long, strongly compressed, bilabiate, zygomorphic, glabrous externally. Upper lip single-lobed, galeate, +1cm long. Lower lip +1cm long, 3-lobed at the apex, with 2 central folds leading into the throat of the corolla (the folds bearded in the basal 1/2). Lobes of the lower lip rounded, 3-4mm long, 2-3mm broad. Stamens 4, included in the galea of the upper lip. Filaments thin, translucent-white, mostly glabrous but with some hairs at the base, 2-2.5cm long, compressed. Anthers yellow-brown, 3-4mm long. Style white, 3cm long, glabrous. Stigma minute and green. Ovary green, conic, slightly compressed, glabrous, 3mm long in flower, with a swollen nectariferous base, 2-locular. Ovules many. Placentation axile. Calyx green, 2-lobed, to 1.4cm long in flower, accrescent. Lobes with orbicular appendages at the apex.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Spring branches, calcareous spring-fed swampy meadows, moist limestone ledges.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking plant is found only in the Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is unmistakable in the field because of the "pinwheel" arrangement of its flowers. I do not think I captured this very well in the pics. It is really easy to see and the first thing everyone notices about the plant. The white flowers of the plant are easily seen along the spring branches and moist meadows where it grows.
Stems - To +1m tall, herbaceous, erect but reclining with age, hollow, somewhat 4-angled (the angles very rounded), green but with purple vertical stripes in the internodes, mostly glabrous but with vertical lines of curled hairs in the internodes (the hairs multicellular, use a leans to see).
Leaves - Opposite, short-petiolate, decussate. Petioles to 1cm long, mostly glabrous but with a few multicellular hairs on the margins. Blades linear-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, to +10cm long, 3cm broad, deep green above, lighter below, sparse pubescent above and below, shallowly pinnately lobed. Each lobe with crenulate-serrulate margins. Lateral veins of leaf impressed above, expressed below. Veins in a minute reticulate pattern (visible abaxially).
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary bracteate spikes to +/-10cm long (tall). Each flower subtended by a foliaceous bract. Bracts with a distinctly bent petiole and a pair of basal auricles (auricles spreading laterally), folded in at least the basal 1/2, accrescent, +/-1.5cm long in flower, with a few marginal hairs otherwise glabrous, with crenulate-serrulate margins. Flowers of the spike arranged in a "pinwheel" fashion.
Flowers - Corolla white, +/-2.5cm long, strongly compressed, bilabiate, zygomorphic, glabrous externally. Upper lip single-lobed, galeate, +1cm long. Lower lip +1cm long, 3-lobed at the apex, with 2 central folds leading into the throat of the corolla (the folds bearded in the basal 1/2). Lobes of the lower lip rounded, 3-4mm long, 2-3mm broad. Stamens 4, included in the galea of the upper lip. Filaments thin, translucent-white, mostly glabrous but with some hairs at the base, 2-2.5cm long, compressed. Anthers yellow-brown, 3-4mm long. Style white, 3cm long, glabrous. Stigma minute and green. Ovary green, conic, slightly compressed, glabrous, 3mm long in flower, with a swollen nectariferous base, 2-locular. Ovules many. Placentation axile. Calyx green, 2-lobed, to 1.4cm long in flower, accrescent. Lobes with orbicular appendages at the apex.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Spring branches, calcareous spring-fed swampy meadows, moist limestone ledges.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking plant is found only in the Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is unmistakable in the field because of the "pinwheel" arrangement of its flowers. I do not think I captured this very well in the pics. It is really easy to see and the first thing everyone notices about the plant. The white flowers of the plant are easily seen along the spring branches and moist meadows where it grows.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Verbenaceae
Stems - Erect to ascending, rooting at nodes, to +/-45cm tall, herbaceous, (4)-angled, green to purple and often with purple vertical striations, appearing glabrous but with malpighian trichomes (use lens to see).
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, tapering to the base, lanceolate, serrate, +/-5cm long, +/-2cm broad, with impressed veins above, expressed veins below, strigillose on both surfaces.
Inflorescence - Dense globose to cylindric capitate clusters of flowers on a long axillary peduncle. Peduncles from the upper leaf axils, to +/-9cm long, pubescent as the stem, expanding just below the flower cluster. Each flower subtended by one bract. Bracts to 3mm long, acute, broadest in the middle, tapering to the base, glabrous internally, strigose externally, often purplish in the apical half, to -3mm broad.
Flowers - Corolla white, glabrous, 4-lobed, +/-4mm long. The upper and lower lobes more or less truncate at the apex. The lateral lobes slightly more rounded. Lobes to 1.5mm long, 1mm broad, unequal. Stamens 4, included, didynamous, adnate near the middle of the corolla tube. Filaments wanting. Anthers yellow, .3-.4mm broad. Ovary superior, greenish, glabrous, .5mm long in flower. Style short, green, glabrous, .5mm long. Stigma green, sub-globose, .3mm in diameter, slightly nodding or facing "forward." Calyx 2-lobed. The tube whitish, 1mm long. The lobes opposing, to 1.4mm long, cupped, whitish, acute, with short hairs on the outer surfaces and longer hairs on the midrib, glabrous internally.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Moist to wet soils.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The actual flowers and racemes of the plant are small but the plant forms colonies and is easily found in wet, muddy areas. Close inspection of the flowers reveals that they are typical of the family Verbenaceae with a mostly irregular corolla and 4 stamens borne on and included within the corolla. This species is very common.
A synonym is Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene-Rydberg.
Stems - Erect to ascending, rooting at nodes, to +/-45cm tall, herbaceous, (4)-angled, green to purple and often with purple vertical striations, appearing glabrous but with malpighian trichomes (use lens to see).
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, tapering to the base, lanceolate, serrate, +/-5cm long, +/-2cm broad, with impressed veins above, expressed veins below, strigillose on both surfaces.
Inflorescence - Dense globose to cylindric capitate clusters of flowers on a long axillary peduncle. Peduncles from the upper leaf axils, to +/-9cm long, pubescent as the stem, expanding just below the flower cluster. Each flower subtended by one bract. Bracts to 3mm long, acute, broadest in the middle, tapering to the base, glabrous internally, strigose externally, often purplish in the apical half, to -3mm broad.
Flowers - Corolla white, glabrous, 4-lobed, +/-4mm long. The upper and lower lobes more or less truncate at the apex. The lateral lobes slightly more rounded. Lobes to 1.5mm long, 1mm broad, unequal. Stamens 4, included, didynamous, adnate near the middle of the corolla tube. Filaments wanting. Anthers yellow, .3-.4mm broad. Ovary superior, greenish, glabrous, .5mm long in flower. Style short, green, glabrous, .5mm long. Stigma green, sub-globose, .3mm in diameter, slightly nodding or facing "forward." Calyx 2-lobed. The tube whitish, 1mm long. The lobes opposing, to 1.4mm long, cupped, whitish, acute, with short hairs on the outer surfaces and longer hairs on the midrib, glabrous internally.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Moist to wet soils.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The actual flowers and racemes of the plant are small but the plant forms colonies and is easily found in wet, muddy areas. Close inspection of the flowers reveals that they are typical of the family Verbenaceae with a mostly irregular corolla and 4 stamens borne on and included within the corolla. This species is very common.
A synonym is Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene-Rydberg.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Caryophyllaceae
Stems - Erect to decumbent, green to purple (in strong sun), hirsute, herbaceous, multiple from fibrous roots, typically simple, to +/-30cm tall (long).
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, oblong, elliptic, narrowly ovate, lanceolate or combinations of those, pilose, with prominent midrib below, entire, obtuse to acute, to +1.5cm long, +5mm broad.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal cymes. Pedicels to 5mm long, pubescent, green to purple, .6mm in diameter, elongating slightly in fruit but equaling to shorter than the mature calyx.
Flowers - Petals 5, free, white, glabrous, 4-5mm long, 2-2.5mm broad, notched at the apex to about 1/3 the total length. Stamens 10. Filaments 3mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers whitish, .2mm long, 3-lobed. Ovary sub-globose, green, glabrous, 1.5-2mm long, with many ovules, placentation axile. Styles 5, white, 1.5mm long. Sepals 5, distinct, 6mm long, 2mm broad, scarious at the margins and apex, pubescent externally with long and short hairs, glabrous internally, acuminate, lance-oblong.
Flowering - April - November.
Habitat - Fields, pastures, prairies, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - At first glance this plant may appear very similar to the related genus Stellaria. The differences between the two genera are small, such as 5 styles for Cerastium and 3 styles for Stellaria. Obviously other differences exist and you can learn these for yourself.
C. glomeratum is found mainly in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to overlook because it grows amongst taller grasses and broad leaf plants.
Stems - Erect to decumbent, green to purple (in strong sun), hirsute, herbaceous, multiple from fibrous roots, typically simple, to +/-30cm tall (long).
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, oblong, elliptic, narrowly ovate, lanceolate or combinations of those, pilose, with prominent midrib below, entire, obtuse to acute, to +1.5cm long, +5mm broad.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal cymes. Pedicels to 5mm long, pubescent, green to purple, .6mm in diameter, elongating slightly in fruit but equaling to shorter than the mature calyx.
Flowers - Petals 5, free, white, glabrous, 4-5mm long, 2-2.5mm broad, notched at the apex to about 1/3 the total length. Stamens 10. Filaments 3mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers whitish, .2mm long, 3-lobed. Ovary sub-globose, green, glabrous, 1.5-2mm long, with many ovules, placentation axile. Styles 5, white, 1.5mm long. Sepals 5, distinct, 6mm long, 2mm broad, scarious at the margins and apex, pubescent externally with long and short hairs, glabrous internally, acuminate, lance-oblong.
Flowering - April - November.
Habitat - Fields, pastures, prairies, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - At first glance this plant may appear very similar to the related genus Stellaria. The differences between the two genera are small, such as 5 styles for Cerastium and 3 styles for Stellaria. Obviously other differences exist and you can learn these for yourself.
C. glomeratum is found mainly in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to overlook because it grows amongst taller grasses and broad leaf plants.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Hippocastanaceae
Stems - Multiple from base, woody, erect, branching, to +5m tall. Young growth often reddish-green, glabrous.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, palmately compound with 5 leaflets. Leaflets glabrous, obovate, acute, margins entire, to +/-10 cm long, +/-5cm broad. Petioles reddish, glabrous to sparse pubescent, to +15cm long.
Inflorescence - Long terminal panicle to +30cm long(tall). Axis sparse pubescent. Pedicels to 7mm long, pubescent.
Flowers - Petals 4, equal, clawed, white, glabrous, rugose internally, to 1.6cm long, 3-4mm broad at apex, typically notched at apex. Stamens 6, exserted. Filaments white, to 4cm long, glabrous. Anthers red, 2.5mm long, 1.2mm broad. Style 6mm long, pubescent. Calyx 5-lobed, creamy white. Calyx tube to 5mm long, 2-3mm in diameter, pubescent. Lobes subequal, 2mm long, reddish at apex, rounded.
Fruit - Shiny, smooth capsule, longer than broad, with 1-3 seeds.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to southeastern U.S.
Other info. - This plant is gaining popularity as an ornamental because of the many long, attractive panciles it produces in flower. The seeds are toxic.
Stems - Multiple from base, woody, erect, branching, to +5m tall. Young growth often reddish-green, glabrous.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, palmately compound with 5 leaflets. Leaflets glabrous, obovate, acute, margins entire, to +/-10 cm long, +/-5cm broad. Petioles reddish, glabrous to sparse pubescent, to +15cm long.
Inflorescence - Long terminal panicle to +30cm long(tall). Axis sparse pubescent. Pedicels to 7mm long, pubescent.
Flowers - Petals 4, equal, clawed, white, glabrous, rugose internally, to 1.6cm long, 3-4mm broad at apex, typically notched at apex. Stamens 6, exserted. Filaments white, to 4cm long, glabrous. Anthers red, 2.5mm long, 1.2mm broad. Style 6mm long, pubescent. Calyx 5-lobed, creamy white. Calyx tube to 5mm long, 2-3mm in diameter, pubescent. Lobes subequal, 2mm long, reddish at apex, rounded.
Fruit - Shiny, smooth capsule, longer than broad, with 1-3 seeds.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to southeastern U.S.
Other info. - This plant is gaining popularity as an ornamental because of the many long, attractive panciles it produces in flower. The seeds are toxic.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Cornaceae
Stems - To +4m tall, erect, woody, single or multiple from the base. Twigs reddish-brown, terete, with many small malpighian hairs. New seasons growth green, with many malpighian hairs.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Blades simple, oblong-elliptic to elliptic-ovate, entire, acuminate, to +10cm long, +/-5cm broad, slightly scabrous and dark green adaxially with strigose pubescence, soft and gray-green abaxially with erect pubescence.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate corymbiform cyme on the new seasons growth, to +/-8cm broad. Peduncle to +/-4cm long, scabrous, with appressed whitish and reddish hairs. Pedicels .5 to 1.5mm long, appressed pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla white, 4-lobed, to 8mm broad, glabrous internally, appressed pubescent externally. Corolla lobes subulate to lanceolate, 3-4mm long, -2mm broad, acute. Corolla tube 2mm long, greenish white. Stamens 4, alternating with the corolla lobes, exserted, erect to spreading. Filaments white, glabrous, 3-4mm long. Anthers yellow, 2mm long. Style 1, erect, 3mm long, white, glabrous, surrounded basally by a thick light-pinkish nectary. Stigma greenish, capitate. Ovary inferior, 2-locular, with 2 ovules. Placentation axile. Calyx lobes 4, minute, alternating with the corolla lobes, to .5mm long, triangular, appressed pubescent externally, glabrous internally.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Dry or rocky woods, thickets, limestone, glades, prairies, bluffs, wet ground along streams, fence rows, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species of Dogwood can be found throughout Missouri and is quite common. The plant would make a good garden specimen as it requires no care once established. The bunches of white flowers are not that long persistent, however.
C. drummondi is the most common species of Dogwood in the state and it can be identified in the field by its small white flowers, green twigs, scabrous adaxial leaf surfaces, and the erect pubescent abaxial surface of its leaves.
Stems - To +4m tall, erect, woody, single or multiple from the base. Twigs reddish-brown, terete, with many small malpighian hairs. New seasons growth green, with many malpighian hairs.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Blades simple, oblong-elliptic to elliptic-ovate, entire, acuminate, to +10cm long, +/-5cm broad, slightly scabrous and dark green adaxially with strigose pubescence, soft and gray-green abaxially with erect pubescence.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate corymbiform cyme on the new seasons growth, to +/-8cm broad. Peduncle to +/-4cm long, scabrous, with appressed whitish and reddish hairs. Pedicels .5 to 1.5mm long, appressed pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla white, 4-lobed, to 8mm broad, glabrous internally, appressed pubescent externally. Corolla lobes subulate to lanceolate, 3-4mm long, -2mm broad, acute. Corolla tube 2mm long, greenish white. Stamens 4, alternating with the corolla lobes, exserted, erect to spreading. Filaments white, glabrous, 3-4mm long. Anthers yellow, 2mm long. Style 1, erect, 3mm long, white, glabrous, surrounded basally by a thick light-pinkish nectary. Stigma greenish, capitate. Ovary inferior, 2-locular, with 2 ovules. Placentation axile. Calyx lobes 4, minute, alternating with the corolla lobes, to .5mm long, triangular, appressed pubescent externally, glabrous internally.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Dry or rocky woods, thickets, limestone, glades, prairies, bluffs, wet ground along streams, fence rows, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species of Dogwood can be found throughout Missouri and is quite common. The plant would make a good garden specimen as it requires no care once established. The bunches of white flowers are not that long persistent, however.
C. drummondi is the most common species of Dogwood in the state and it can be identified in the field by its small white flowers, green twigs, scabrous adaxial leaf surfaces, and the erect pubescent abaxial surface of its leaves.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +1.5m tall, erect, herbaceous, terete, simple below, branching in the apical 1/3, glabrescent below, tomentose above, green to tan.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, decussate, often with a smaller pair of leaves in the axils of the larger main leaves, to +10cm long, to 2cm broad, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, coarse serrate in the apical 1/2 (at least on the lower leaves), green on both surfaces, with antrorsely bent pubescence, much more pubescent abaxially, with 3 main veins arising at the very base of the leaf blade. Other veins of the leaves anastomosing before the margin of the blade. Margins antrorse ciliolate.
Inflorescence - Multiple flowerheads in a corymbose arrangement terminating the stem. Each division of the inflorescence subtended by a pair of reduced bracts. Bracts foliaceous.
Involucre - 5mm long (tall), +/-2mm in diameter, cylindric. Outer phyllaries smaller than the inner. Inner phyllaries to 5mm long, 1.4mm broad, tomentose externally glabrous internally, with a scarious-white margin, with 3 darker green veins (use a lens to see), with a solid green apex, linear to oblanceolate, rounded at the apex.
Disk flowers - Flowerheads with 4-7 flowers. Corolla white in the apical 1/2, green basally, 4mm long, glabrous internally and externally, expanded in the apical 1/2, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, 1mm long, .5mm broad at the base, erect to spreading. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the contracted portion of the corolla tube. Filaments white, glabrous, compressed, .7mm long. Anthers purplish, to 1.2mm long, connate around the style, partially exserted. Style glabrous, green basally, white apically, to +/-6mm long, bifurcate in the apical 3mm (the divisions erect). Achenes green in flower, 2-2.2mm long, glabrous, terete or 5-sided. Pappus of capillary bristles. Bristles antrorse barbellate, white, 4-5mm long. Receptacle naked.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, thickets, open rocky wood, waste ground, fallow fields.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout much of Missouri but is mostly absent in the southeastern corner of the state. This is a non-distinct plant and many would consider it a weed. "altissimum" means "tallest" but this is not the tallest species of the genus, there are many which generally exceed its height. The plant is not difficult to identify but it can be confused with the similar members of the genus. The tomentose stems, 3 main leaf veins, and rounded phyllaries help to identify it correctly. Plants growing in full sun are much more stout, have more leaves, and have bigger inflorescences than do plants growing in the shade or in wooded areas.
Stems - To +1.5m tall, erect, herbaceous, terete, simple below, branching in the apical 1/3, glabrescent below, tomentose above, green to tan.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, decussate, often with a smaller pair of leaves in the axils of the larger main leaves, to +10cm long, to 2cm broad, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, coarse serrate in the apical 1/2 (at least on the lower leaves), green on both surfaces, with antrorsely bent pubescence, much more pubescent abaxially, with 3 main veins arising at the very base of the leaf blade. Other veins of the leaves anastomosing before the margin of the blade. Margins antrorse ciliolate.
Inflorescence - Multiple flowerheads in a corymbose arrangement terminating the stem. Each division of the inflorescence subtended by a pair of reduced bracts. Bracts foliaceous.
Involucre - 5mm long (tall), +/-2mm in diameter, cylindric. Outer phyllaries smaller than the inner. Inner phyllaries to 5mm long, 1.4mm broad, tomentose externally glabrous internally, with a scarious-white margin, with 3 darker green veins (use a lens to see), with a solid green apex, linear to oblanceolate, rounded at the apex.
Disk flowers - Flowerheads with 4-7 flowers. Corolla white in the apical 1/2, green basally, 4mm long, glabrous internally and externally, expanded in the apical 1/2, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, 1mm long, .5mm broad at the base, erect to spreading. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the contracted portion of the corolla tube. Filaments white, glabrous, compressed, .7mm long. Anthers purplish, to 1.2mm long, connate around the style, partially exserted. Style glabrous, green basally, white apically, to +/-6mm long, bifurcate in the apical 3mm (the divisions erect). Achenes green in flower, 2-2.2mm long, glabrous, terete or 5-sided. Pappus of capillary bristles. Bristles antrorse barbellate, white, 4-5mm long. Receptacle naked.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, thickets, open rocky wood, waste ground, fallow fields.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout much of Missouri but is mostly absent in the southeastern corner of the state. This is a non-distinct plant and many would consider it a weed. "altissimum" means "tallest" but this is not the tallest species of the genus, there are many which generally exceed its height. The plant is not difficult to identify but it can be confused with the similar members of the genus. The tomentose stems, 3 main leaf veins, and rounded phyllaries help to identify it correctly. Plants growing in full sun are much more stout, have more leaves, and have bigger inflorescences than do plants growing in the shade or in wooded areas.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Cornaceae
Stems - Woody, multiple. A shrub to 3m tall. Young twigs densely pubescent (tomentose) with mostly grayish hairs, terete.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +/-1.5cm long, terete, tomentose, green. Blades elliptic, short-acuminate to acute, entire, to +/-10cm long, +/-3.5cm broad, dull dark green adaxially with a moderate number of malpighian hairs (appearing glabrous), bright whitish below with malpighian hairs on the leaf tissue and tomentose hairs on the veins. Veins expressed below.
Inflorescence - Terminal cymes, typically flat, definitely broader than tall.
Flowers - Petals 4, white, +/- 3mm long. Stamens 4.
Fruits - Typically globose drupe to 8mm in diameter, bluish-black.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Rocky stream banks, wet ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Sorry I don't have a picture of the flowers here. Another species, Cornus racemosa, has similar flowers but remember the inflorescence of C. obliqua is flattish.
This species has the most narrow leaves of any Cornus in this state. The picture doesn't do the fruits justice, they are brilliant blue.
Stems - Woody, multiple. A shrub to 3m tall. Young twigs densely pubescent (tomentose) with mostly grayish hairs, terete.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +/-1.5cm long, terete, tomentose, green. Blades elliptic, short-acuminate to acute, entire, to +/-10cm long, +/-3.5cm broad, dull dark green adaxially with a moderate number of malpighian hairs (appearing glabrous), bright whitish below with malpighian hairs on the leaf tissue and tomentose hairs on the veins. Veins expressed below.
Inflorescence - Terminal cymes, typically flat, definitely broader than tall.
Flowers - Petals 4, white, +/- 3mm long. Stamens 4.
Fruits - Typically globose drupe to 8mm in diameter, bluish-black.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Rocky stream banks, wet ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Sorry I don't have a picture of the flowers here. Another species, Cornus racemosa, has similar flowers but remember the inflorescence of C. obliqua is flattish.
This species has the most narrow leaves of any Cornus in this state. The picture doesn't do the fruits justice, they are brilliant blue.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Asclepiadaceae
Stems - Twining, climbing, herbaceous, often reddish, with milky sap, with villous pubescence in lines on the stems.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +7cm long, reddish-green. Blades typically glabrous but also variously pubescent, dark green with evident veining above, cordate, ovate, acute to acuminate or apiculate, to +/-10cm long, +/-8cm broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary umbellate cyme with +/-30 flowers. Peduncles to 5cm long, pubescent. Pedicels to 1cm long, pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla deeply 5-lobed. Lobes whitish, 7mm long, -3mm broad, erect to spreading, glabrous. Corona of 5 appendages. Appendages white, erect, to 6mm long, expanded at base, tapering into 2 linear lobes at apex. Calyx 5-lobed. Lobes green with some purple, ovate-lanceolate, to 3mm long, sparse pubescent.
Fruit - A large follicle, 10-11cm long, 4cm wide at widest point, teardrop-shaped, glabrous. Seeds winged, to +8mm long. Coma to 4cm long, white.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Disturbed sites, along fences, waste ground, roadsides, railroads, thickets, open woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Being from the Asclepiadaceae, this plant will "bleed" a white, latex-like secretion when pinched or bruised. Don't get this in your eyes nose or mouth as it can be irritating or harmful.
This plant is seen as a weed by some but it always dies back in the fall leaving the large fruits hanging until they split open dorsally. The seeds can be carried a great distance by the wind.
This species can be found throughout most of Missouri but is apparently absent from the south-central Ozark region.
Stems - Twining, climbing, herbaceous, often reddish, with milky sap, with villous pubescence in lines on the stems.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +7cm long, reddish-green. Blades typically glabrous but also variously pubescent, dark green with evident veining above, cordate, ovate, acute to acuminate or apiculate, to +/-10cm long, +/-8cm broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary umbellate cyme with +/-30 flowers. Peduncles to 5cm long, pubescent. Pedicels to 1cm long, pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla deeply 5-lobed. Lobes whitish, 7mm long, -3mm broad, erect to spreading, glabrous. Corona of 5 appendages. Appendages white, erect, to 6mm long, expanded at base, tapering into 2 linear lobes at apex. Calyx 5-lobed. Lobes green with some purple, ovate-lanceolate, to 3mm long, sparse pubescent.
Fruit - A large follicle, 10-11cm long, 4cm wide at widest point, teardrop-shaped, glabrous. Seeds winged, to +8mm long. Coma to 4cm long, white.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Disturbed sites, along fences, waste ground, roadsides, railroads, thickets, open woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Being from the Asclepiadaceae, this plant will "bleed" a white, latex-like secretion when pinched or bruised. Don't get this in your eyes nose or mouth as it can be irritating or harmful.
This plant is seen as a weed by some but it always dies back in the fall leaving the large fruits hanging until they split open dorsally. The seeds can be carried a great distance by the wind.
This species can be found throughout most of Missouri but is apparently absent from the south-central Ozark region.
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linpei
2017年07月01日
When I first saw a Xerosicyos danguyi, or Silver Dollar Vine, I was at a nursery in S and even though it meant bringing it on a 1200 mile road trip back to L, I had to have it! With it’s round succulent leaves in the perfect shade of matte green, it’s definitely a star in my unusual plant collection. A member of the cucumber family (what!?!), native to Madagascar, this plant has a few specific needs, but as long as you cover those, it can definitely be easy to grow. Beyond it’s basic needs, if it has something to attach it’s tendrils to, the Xerosicyos danguyi is a great climber, so it makes a great plant to cover a fence or trellis outdoors, or just add some extra jungalicious-ness indoors.
Silver Dollar Vine/Dollar Vine (Xerosicyos danguyi)
WATER: Plant in well draining soil (a cacti/succulent mix works well) , in a pot with good drainage. In warmer weather when the plant is actively growing, allow soil to dry out before watering- a good soak once a month or so is usually enough. In cooler months, water less- if the leaves start to look slightly shriveled, it’s time to water.
SUNLIGHT: Bright indirect light to full sun. If not kept in full sun, be extra cautious to avoid overwatering.
PLACEMENT: As it matures, this looks great as a hanging plant, especially if given something to climb on. Also looks great outdoors (and will grow quickly and spread out) if you live in a warm climate.
EXTRA CREDIT: This plant is easy to propagate via softwood (aka the young, flexible shoot tips) cuttings. Simply allow the cut end to callus over, then pot in soil. If you can’t find a Xerosicyos danguyi where you live, many online plant suppliers carry them.
WORD OF CAUTION: The ASPCA does not have information on whether the Xerosicyos danguyi is toxic to pets. As always, use caution and consult your vet before bringing a new plant into your home.
Silver Dollar Vine/Dollar Vine (Xerosicyos danguyi)
WATER: Plant in well draining soil (a cacti/succulent mix works well) , in a pot with good drainage. In warmer weather when the plant is actively growing, allow soil to dry out before watering- a good soak once a month or so is usually enough. In cooler months, water less- if the leaves start to look slightly shriveled, it’s time to water.
SUNLIGHT: Bright indirect light to full sun. If not kept in full sun, be extra cautious to avoid overwatering.
PLACEMENT: As it matures, this looks great as a hanging plant, especially if given something to climb on. Also looks great outdoors (and will grow quickly and spread out) if you live in a warm climate.
EXTRA CREDIT: This plant is easy to propagate via softwood (aka the young, flexible shoot tips) cuttings. Simply allow the cut end to callus over, then pot in soil. If you can’t find a Xerosicyos danguyi where you live, many online plant suppliers carry them.
WORD OF CAUTION: The ASPCA does not have information on whether the Xerosicyos danguyi is toxic to pets. As always, use caution and consult your vet before bringing a new plant into your home.
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