文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月29日
Family - Campanulaceae
Stems - From a taproot, multiple from the base, simple, glabrous, green, to +60cm tall, +/-2mm in diameter, erect to ascending, with whitish sap, winged from decurrent leaf tissue. Wings to .2mm broad, with spreading to retrose minute prickles (use a lens to see).
Leaves - Alternate, sessile. Lowest 2-4 leaves spatulate, all other leaves ovate to lanceolate, acute, shallow crenate-serrate (the teeth with white tips), glabrous adaxially, mostly glabrous abaxially but with minute straight prickles on the veins. Lowest leaves to 2cm long, +/-1cm broad. Cauline leaves gradually reduced upward. those in the middle of the stem +/-1.5cm long, +/-1cm broad, nearly always somewhat folded (conduplicate).
Inflorescence - Cleistogamous flower in every leaf axil, single, paired, or in 3's, sessile, each usually subtended by a minute subulate bract. Chasmogamous flowers produced in the most apical 1-3 leaf axils only, sessile, with a larger hypanthium than the cleistogamous flowers.
Flowers - Corolla purple, 5-lobed, to +/-1.5cm broad. Lobes glabrous, 6-8mm long, 2-4mm broad. Corolla tube 1-1.5mm long. Stamens 5, alternating with the corolla lobes. Filaments translucent, expanded at the base, ciliate on the margins basally, to +1mm broad at the base, thin and twisted in the apical 2/3, to 2mm long. Anthers yellow, to +2mm long, .4mm broad, linear. Style 1, +/-5mm long, whitish basally, purple apically, with a few small hairs apically. Stigmas 3, spreading, +/-1mm long. Ovary many-ovuled, 3-locular, placentation axile. Hypanthium (of chasmogamous flowers) green, to 1cm long, 2-3mm in diameter, glabrous. Sepals 5, subulate to lanceolate, acuminate, 5-7mm long, +/-2mm broad, spreading, glabrous, with a single midrib below. Sepals on cleistogamous flowers smaller than those of the chasmogamous flowers and usually unequal. Hypanthium of the cleistogamous flowers with a few minute prickles. Seeds brown, shiny, .5-.6mm long, ellisoid to orbicular, falling from two pores. Pores located just beneath the sepals.
Stems - From a taproot, multiple from the base, simple, glabrous, green, to +60cm tall, +/-2mm in diameter, erect to ascending, with whitish sap, winged from decurrent leaf tissue. Wings to .2mm broad, with spreading to retrose minute prickles (use a lens to see).
Leaves - Alternate, sessile. Lowest 2-4 leaves spatulate, all other leaves ovate to lanceolate, acute, shallow crenate-serrate (the teeth with white tips), glabrous adaxially, mostly glabrous abaxially but with minute straight prickles on the veins. Lowest leaves to 2cm long, +/-1cm broad. Cauline leaves gradually reduced upward. those in the middle of the stem +/-1.5cm long, +/-1cm broad, nearly always somewhat folded (conduplicate).
Inflorescence - Cleistogamous flower in every leaf axil, single, paired, or in 3's, sessile, each usually subtended by a minute subulate bract. Chasmogamous flowers produced in the most apical 1-3 leaf axils only, sessile, with a larger hypanthium than the cleistogamous flowers.
Flowers - Corolla purple, 5-lobed, to +/-1.5cm broad. Lobes glabrous, 6-8mm long, 2-4mm broad. Corolla tube 1-1.5mm long. Stamens 5, alternating with the corolla lobes. Filaments translucent, expanded at the base, ciliate on the margins basally, to +1mm broad at the base, thin and twisted in the apical 2/3, to 2mm long. Anthers yellow, to +2mm long, .4mm broad, linear. Style 1, +/-5mm long, whitish basally, purple apically, with a few small hairs apically. Stigmas 3, spreading, +/-1mm long. Ovary many-ovuled, 3-locular, placentation axile. Hypanthium (of chasmogamous flowers) green, to 1cm long, 2-3mm in diameter, glabrous. Sepals 5, subulate to lanceolate, acuminate, 5-7mm long, +/-2mm broad, spreading, glabrous, with a single midrib below. Sepals on cleistogamous flowers smaller than those of the chasmogamous flowers and usually unequal. Hypanthium of the cleistogamous flowers with a few minute prickles. Seeds brown, shiny, .5-.6mm long, ellisoid to orbicular, falling from two pores. Pores located just beneath the sepals.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月29日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - Aerial stems to +15cm tall, erect, green, glabrous, angled, purplish near apex, from small bulb. Bulb +/-1cm in diameter, with fibrous roots.
Leaves - Basal, typically 2-3 per plant, folded longitudinally at base, entire, linear to narrowly oblong, to +/-20cm long, 1.5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Few flowered raceme terminating the aerial stem, sometimes just single-flowered. Pedicels purple, 6-9mm long, glabrous, subtended by small scales. Scales light purple, succulent, to 1.5mm long.
Flowers - Tepals 6, 1.5-1.7cm long, 5-6mm broad, blue, glabrous, oblong to narrowly ovate, entire, with a single blue midvein. Stamens 6, adnate to the base of the tepals. Filaments white, erect, 8mm long, glabrous, compressed at base. Anthers blue, 2.1mm long. Style 6mm long, purple, glabrous. Ovary green, superior, 4mm long, 3-angled, 3-locular. Placentation axile. Seeds (ovules) many.
Flowering - March - April.
Habitat - Mesic bottoms, moist slopes, roadsides, fields.
Origin - Native to Russia.
Other info. - This attractive little garden species has escaped to a few counties in Missouri but is widely cultivated. Where escaped it can be quite aggressive and locally abundant.
The typical flower color is blue but colors vary depending on the cultivar. So far, only the blue flowered plants are found wild in Missouri. Like most plants in the genus, this species is toxic.
Stems - Aerial stems to +15cm tall, erect, green, glabrous, angled, purplish near apex, from small bulb. Bulb +/-1cm in diameter, with fibrous roots.
Leaves - Basal, typically 2-3 per plant, folded longitudinally at base, entire, linear to narrowly oblong, to +/-20cm long, 1.5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Few flowered raceme terminating the aerial stem, sometimes just single-flowered. Pedicels purple, 6-9mm long, glabrous, subtended by small scales. Scales light purple, succulent, to 1.5mm long.
Flowers - Tepals 6, 1.5-1.7cm long, 5-6mm broad, blue, glabrous, oblong to narrowly ovate, entire, with a single blue midvein. Stamens 6, adnate to the base of the tepals. Filaments white, erect, 8mm long, glabrous, compressed at base. Anthers blue, 2.1mm long. Style 6mm long, purple, glabrous. Ovary green, superior, 4mm long, 3-angled, 3-locular. Placentation axile. Seeds (ovules) many.
Flowering - March - April.
Habitat - Mesic bottoms, moist slopes, roadsides, fields.
Origin - Native to Russia.
Other info. - This attractive little garden species has escaped to a few counties in Missouri but is widely cultivated. Where escaped it can be quite aggressive and locally abundant.
The typical flower color is blue but colors vary depending on the cultivar. So far, only the blue flowered plants are found wild in Missouri. Like most plants in the genus, this species is toxic.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月29日
Family - Hydrophyllaceae
Stems - To +30cm tall, erect, herbaceous, from a small taproot and fibrous roots, single or multiple from the base, typically simple, antrorse strigose, angled, green above, purplish at the base.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, sessile above. Petioles to +/-4cm long, with a shallow adaxial groove, antrorse strigose and with pillosuous hairs in the groove. Blades pinnately divided (pinnatifid), antrorse strigose, green adaxially, whitish green below. Divisions of the leaves entire or with one or two coarse teeth, oblong-elliptic, acute, 5-6mm broad, 1cm long on the lower leaves, longer and thinner on the upper leaves.
Inflorescence - Terminal scorpoid racemes or cymes to +10cm long, compact in flower, quickly elongating in fruit. Pedicels to 1.5cm long in flower, slightly longer in fruit, densely antrorse strigose. Axis antrorse strigose.
Flowers - Corolla blue-purple, 5-lobed, to 1.5cm broad. Lobes rounded, 5-6mm broad and long, fimbriate, glabrous internally, pillosuous externally. Tube of corolla whitish with purple spots at the bases of the lobes, +/-5mm long. Stamens 5, erect, exserted. Filaments white with a slightly purplish apex, pilose, +/-6mm long. Anthers purple, 2mm long, 1mm broad. Ovary obconic, 1.2mm long and broad, densely antrorse ciliate. Style 1, +/-5mm long, bifurcate in the apical 2-3mm, glabrous, greenish-translucent to purplish. Sepals 5, spreading, linear-oblong, green, to +/-5mm long, 1-1.5mm broad, acute, ciliate.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Woodland openings, bluff ledges, rocky open glades, rich woods, wet meadows, gravel bars, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive little species can be found throughout much of the Ozark region of Missouri but is apparently absent from the south-central portion of the state. This species is much more common than the similar
Stems - To +30cm tall, erect, herbaceous, from a small taproot and fibrous roots, single or multiple from the base, typically simple, antrorse strigose, angled, green above, purplish at the base.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, sessile above. Petioles to +/-4cm long, with a shallow adaxial groove, antrorse strigose and with pillosuous hairs in the groove. Blades pinnately divided (pinnatifid), antrorse strigose, green adaxially, whitish green below. Divisions of the leaves entire or with one or two coarse teeth, oblong-elliptic, acute, 5-6mm broad, 1cm long on the lower leaves, longer and thinner on the upper leaves.
Inflorescence - Terminal scorpoid racemes or cymes to +10cm long, compact in flower, quickly elongating in fruit. Pedicels to 1.5cm long in flower, slightly longer in fruit, densely antrorse strigose. Axis antrorse strigose.
Flowers - Corolla blue-purple, 5-lobed, to 1.5cm broad. Lobes rounded, 5-6mm broad and long, fimbriate, glabrous internally, pillosuous externally. Tube of corolla whitish with purple spots at the bases of the lobes, +/-5mm long. Stamens 5, erect, exserted. Filaments white with a slightly purplish apex, pilose, +/-6mm long. Anthers purple, 2mm long, 1mm broad. Ovary obconic, 1.2mm long and broad, densely antrorse ciliate. Style 1, +/-5mm long, bifurcate in the apical 2-3mm, glabrous, greenish-translucent to purplish. Sepals 5, spreading, linear-oblong, green, to +/-5mm long, 1-1.5mm broad, acute, ciliate.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Woodland openings, bluff ledges, rocky open glades, rich woods, wet meadows, gravel bars, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive little species can be found throughout much of the Ozark region of Missouri but is apparently absent from the south-central portion of the state. This species is much more common than the similar
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月29日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - Underground stem a bulb. Flowering stem (scape) to 30cm tall, glabrous, often glaucous, single from base, simple, herbaceous, erect, green below, purplish in inflorescence.
Leaves - Basal, linear, entire, glabrous, to +20cm long, +5mm broad, grooved or broadly "U" shaped in cross section.
Inflorescence - Terminal dense indeterminate raceme to +/-6cm long (tall). Pedicels to 5mm long, glabrous, slightly elongating in fruit.
Flowers - Perianth subglobose to urcreolate, blue-purple, glabrous, of united parts, to 6mm long, with 6 small lobes at apex. Lobes white, 1mm long. Stamens 6, adnate to base of perianth, included. Style 1, included. Stigma 3-lobed. Ovary superior, 3-locular. Capsules 3-angled, glabrous, glaucous, 5mm long and broad. Seeds 2 per locule, black.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Typically cultivated but also escaped to fields, pastures, old homesites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This is a very popular plant in cultivation because it is easy to grow and quite striking. The small blue inflated flowers are hard to miss. There are actually sterile and fertile flowers in the inflorescence. The sterile flowers are smaller and at the apex of the inflorescence.
This species can be found growing wild in a number of counties scattered throughout Missouri. There are at least two other species of Muscari in cultivation that have escaped into the wilds of the state.
Stems - Underground stem a bulb. Flowering stem (scape) to 30cm tall, glabrous, often glaucous, single from base, simple, herbaceous, erect, green below, purplish in inflorescence.
Leaves - Basal, linear, entire, glabrous, to +20cm long, +5mm broad, grooved or broadly "U" shaped in cross section.
Inflorescence - Terminal dense indeterminate raceme to +/-6cm long (tall). Pedicels to 5mm long, glabrous, slightly elongating in fruit.
Flowers - Perianth subglobose to urcreolate, blue-purple, glabrous, of united parts, to 6mm long, with 6 small lobes at apex. Lobes white, 1mm long. Stamens 6, adnate to base of perianth, included. Style 1, included. Stigma 3-lobed. Ovary superior, 3-locular. Capsules 3-angled, glabrous, glaucous, 5mm long and broad. Seeds 2 per locule, black.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Typically cultivated but also escaped to fields, pastures, old homesites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This is a very popular plant in cultivation because it is easy to grow and quite striking. The small blue inflated flowers are hard to miss. There are actually sterile and fertile flowers in the inflorescence. The sterile flowers are smaller and at the apex of the inflorescence.
This species can be found growing wild in a number of counties scattered throughout Missouri. There are at least two other species of Muscari in cultivation that have escaped into the wilds of the state.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月29日
Family - Boraginaceae
Stems - To +60cm tall, erect to ascending, multiple from base or sometimes single, glabrous, herbaceous, branching near apex, green with some purple at base, with a loose pith, from a caudex.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, sessile above, glabrous. Petioles winged, to +/-8cm long. Lowest blades ovate, entire, rounded to slightly emarginate at apex, to 20cm long, +11cm broad, dull green above, silvery-green below. Upper leaves reduced and becoming bracts at the base of the peduncles near apex of stem.
Inflorescence - Lateral cymes, compact in flower, elongating in fruit, glabrous. Pedicels to 3mm long in flower, elongating in fruit to +1.2cm.
Flowers - Corolla bluish, salverform, to +3cm long, glabrous, tubular portion to +2cm long, expanded limb to -2cm broad. Stamens 5, adnate at base of expanded portion of corolla tube, included. Filaments to 5mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers bluish-tan when fresh, to +2mm long. Style bluish-white, glabrous, to +/-3cm long, filiform, included. Ovary superior, 2-lobed, with nectar ring at base, glabrous, light green. Calyx accrescent. Calyx tube to 9mm long, greenish-purple, glabrous. Calyx lobes lanceolate-ovate, entire, green, 4mm long, 2.1mm broad(in flower). Nutlets rugose, 4.
Flowering - March - June.
Habitat - Moist rich woods, bottoms, low slopes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking plant is found nearly throughout Missouri but is probably absent from the extreme southwest corner of the state. The stems of the plant are subsucculent and nearly hollow so the plant is fragile. It grows well from seed and should be cultivated more. If left undisturbed, this species will thrive and form large colonies. Pink and white-flowered forms are mentioned by Steyermark and are rare in Missouri.
Stems - To +60cm tall, erect to ascending, multiple from base or sometimes single, glabrous, herbaceous, branching near apex, green with some purple at base, with a loose pith, from a caudex.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, sessile above, glabrous. Petioles winged, to +/-8cm long. Lowest blades ovate, entire, rounded to slightly emarginate at apex, to 20cm long, +11cm broad, dull green above, silvery-green below. Upper leaves reduced and becoming bracts at the base of the peduncles near apex of stem.
Inflorescence - Lateral cymes, compact in flower, elongating in fruit, glabrous. Pedicels to 3mm long in flower, elongating in fruit to +1.2cm.
Flowers - Corolla bluish, salverform, to +3cm long, glabrous, tubular portion to +2cm long, expanded limb to -2cm broad. Stamens 5, adnate at base of expanded portion of corolla tube, included. Filaments to 5mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers bluish-tan when fresh, to +2mm long. Style bluish-white, glabrous, to +/-3cm long, filiform, included. Ovary superior, 2-lobed, with nectar ring at base, glabrous, light green. Calyx accrescent. Calyx tube to 9mm long, greenish-purple, glabrous. Calyx lobes lanceolate-ovate, entire, green, 4mm long, 2.1mm broad(in flower). Nutlets rugose, 4.
Flowering - March - June.
Habitat - Moist rich woods, bottoms, low slopes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking plant is found nearly throughout Missouri but is probably absent from the extreme southwest corner of the state. The stems of the plant are subsucculent and nearly hollow so the plant is fragile. It grows well from seed and should be cultivated more. If left undisturbed, this species will thrive and form large colonies. Pink and white-flowered forms are mentioned by Steyermark and are rare in Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Boraginaceae
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, lateral stems often ascending, typically multiple from base, simple, herbaceous, from big taproot, green with purple spotting (from spine bases), dense pubescent and also with straight spines. Spines clear and crystalline.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile. The basal and lower cauline leaves to +15cm long, 3cm broad. all leaves entire, acute, linear to linear lanceolate or linear-oblong, with single midvein, strigose above and below, with spines on midrib below, green above, light green below.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal scorpoid racemes from upper 2/3 of stem. Racemes subtended by foliaceous bracts. Flowers secund, sessile, each subtended by a lanceolate bract. Bracts typically equaling the calyx. Bracts and axis of inflorescence pubescent and with spines.
Flowers - Corolla shallowly 5-lobed, zygomorphic, blue-purple to pink, to 1.5cm long. Corolla tube sericeous externally, glabrous internally. Lobes rounded, the upper two larger and extended further than the lower three. Stamens 5, adnate near base of corolla tube, opposite of corolla lobes, exserted. Filaments 1.3cm long, reddish, glabrous. Anthers greyish-green, .6mm broad. Style densely pubescent, pinkish-red, 2cm long. Stigma 2-lobed, 1.5mm long. Ovary superior, 4-lobed, 2mm in diameter, subtended by nectariferous ring. Lobes rounded, glabrous, green. Sepals 5, green, attenuate, spined and pubescent externally, glabrous internally, to 8mm long in flower, distinct. Calyx accrescent. Fruit 1-seeded. Many times only one of the four lobes of the ovary developing into a mature fruit.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Waste ground, roadsides, gravel bars, sand bars.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This striking species is best viewed and not touched. The sharp spines, which cover the plant, are a powerful deterrent and become lodged in the skin much like those of a cactus. This species is becoming common in many areas of Missouri and should not be willingly spread. It would be a good garden subject in an area of little water.
Traditionally the leaves of the plant were boiled and made into a tea which helped fevers and headaches. The plant contains alkaloids.
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, lateral stems often ascending, typically multiple from base, simple, herbaceous, from big taproot, green with purple spotting (from spine bases), dense pubescent and also with straight spines. Spines clear and crystalline.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile. The basal and lower cauline leaves to +15cm long, 3cm broad. all leaves entire, acute, linear to linear lanceolate or linear-oblong, with single midvein, strigose above and below, with spines on midrib below, green above, light green below.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal scorpoid racemes from upper 2/3 of stem. Racemes subtended by foliaceous bracts. Flowers secund, sessile, each subtended by a lanceolate bract. Bracts typically equaling the calyx. Bracts and axis of inflorescence pubescent and with spines.
Flowers - Corolla shallowly 5-lobed, zygomorphic, blue-purple to pink, to 1.5cm long. Corolla tube sericeous externally, glabrous internally. Lobes rounded, the upper two larger and extended further than the lower three. Stamens 5, adnate near base of corolla tube, opposite of corolla lobes, exserted. Filaments 1.3cm long, reddish, glabrous. Anthers greyish-green, .6mm broad. Style densely pubescent, pinkish-red, 2cm long. Stigma 2-lobed, 1.5mm long. Ovary superior, 4-lobed, 2mm in diameter, subtended by nectariferous ring. Lobes rounded, glabrous, green. Sepals 5, green, attenuate, spined and pubescent externally, glabrous internally, to 8mm long in flower, distinct. Calyx accrescent. Fruit 1-seeded. Many times only one of the four lobes of the ovary developing into a mature fruit.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Waste ground, roadsides, gravel bars, sand bars.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This striking species is best viewed and not touched. The sharp spines, which cover the plant, are a powerful deterrent and become lodged in the skin much like those of a cactus. This species is becoming common in many areas of Missouri and should not be willingly spread. It would be a good garden subject in an area of little water.
Traditionally the leaves of the plant were boiled and made into a tea which helped fevers and headaches. The plant contains alkaloids.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Ranunculaceae
Stems - To +/-1.5m tall, erect, herbaceous, terete, glabrous, glaucous, green, fistulose, simple.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, fairly evenly and widely spaced along the entire stem, not overlapping. Petioles glabrous or with a few sparse hairs near the apex, to +/-15cm long on the lowest leaves, reduced above, ascending from the stem at about a 60 degree angle. Blades with 3 main lobes, to +15cm broad and long, deep green adaxially, silvery-green abaxially, pubescent above and below, more so below. Veins of the blades impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially. The basal lobes of some of the larger leaves divided again and making the blade appear 5-lobed. All lobes further divided in the apical half. Ultimate lobes acute, entire. Upper leaves reduced, 3-lobed only.
Inflorescence - Terminal indeterminate raceme to +/-15cm long. Axis of the inflorescence angled, retrorse pubescent. Pedicels ascending as the leaves. Each pedicel subtended by one linear bract. Bracts pubescent, to +5mm long, -1mm broad. Pedicels tomentose, +/-5cm long, bent and expanded at the apex, with a pair of sub-opposite bracts near the apex. Bracts subulate, tomentose, to 2mm long.
Flowers - Petals 4, dimorphic. The upper two petals expanded at the base and forming a spur, glabrous externally, retrorse pubescent internally, with a long greenish nectary on the ventral side. Base of the petals forming a tube to hold nectar. Apices of the upper petals deflexed, purplish-blue, glabrous, notched for +/-1mm. Lateral petals reflexed in the apical half, bearded with long white hairs, purple, deeply 2-lobed at the apex (the lobes 5-7mm long). Stamens +/-30, from below the carpels. Filaments white, strongly compressed in the basal half, nearly terete in the apical half, sparse pubescent, curling in the apical half, 5-8mm long. Anthers yellow when fresh, quickly drying to a chocolate-brown color, 1.2mm long. Pollen whitish. Carpels 3. Ovaries densely antrorse appressed pubescent (the hairs white), ovoid in flower, 2-2.3mm long in flower, +/-1mm in diameter, unilocular, with 4-5 ovules. Styles white, glabrous, to 2mm long. Sepals 5, irregular, the uppermost sepal forming a tube around the spurred petals. The spur to -1.5cm long. Other sepals -1cm long, 5-7mm broad. The lateral 2 sepals rounded at the apex and with a greenish-white spot in the center. The lower 2 and uppermost sepal acute at the apices and with a green spot at the apex. All sepals tomentoulose externally, glabrous internally.
Flowering - July - August.
Habitat - Limestone or cherty limestone north and/or west-facing wooded slopes along the Current and Jack's Fork Rivers.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking plant has currently only been found in two southern Missouri counties. The plant is locally abundant where it is found, however. This species is the tallest of the genus in Missouri and certainly deserves a place in cultivation.
Stems - To +/-1.5m tall, erect, herbaceous, terete, glabrous, glaucous, green, fistulose, simple.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, fairly evenly and widely spaced along the entire stem, not overlapping. Petioles glabrous or with a few sparse hairs near the apex, to +/-15cm long on the lowest leaves, reduced above, ascending from the stem at about a 60 degree angle. Blades with 3 main lobes, to +15cm broad and long, deep green adaxially, silvery-green abaxially, pubescent above and below, more so below. Veins of the blades impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially. The basal lobes of some of the larger leaves divided again and making the blade appear 5-lobed. All lobes further divided in the apical half. Ultimate lobes acute, entire. Upper leaves reduced, 3-lobed only.
Inflorescence - Terminal indeterminate raceme to +/-15cm long. Axis of the inflorescence angled, retrorse pubescent. Pedicels ascending as the leaves. Each pedicel subtended by one linear bract. Bracts pubescent, to +5mm long, -1mm broad. Pedicels tomentose, +/-5cm long, bent and expanded at the apex, with a pair of sub-opposite bracts near the apex. Bracts subulate, tomentose, to 2mm long.
Flowers - Petals 4, dimorphic. The upper two petals expanded at the base and forming a spur, glabrous externally, retrorse pubescent internally, with a long greenish nectary on the ventral side. Base of the petals forming a tube to hold nectar. Apices of the upper petals deflexed, purplish-blue, glabrous, notched for +/-1mm. Lateral petals reflexed in the apical half, bearded with long white hairs, purple, deeply 2-lobed at the apex (the lobes 5-7mm long). Stamens +/-30, from below the carpels. Filaments white, strongly compressed in the basal half, nearly terete in the apical half, sparse pubescent, curling in the apical half, 5-8mm long. Anthers yellow when fresh, quickly drying to a chocolate-brown color, 1.2mm long. Pollen whitish. Carpels 3. Ovaries densely antrorse appressed pubescent (the hairs white), ovoid in flower, 2-2.3mm long in flower, +/-1mm in diameter, unilocular, with 4-5 ovules. Styles white, glabrous, to 2mm long. Sepals 5, irregular, the uppermost sepal forming a tube around the spurred petals. The spur to -1.5cm long. Other sepals -1cm long, 5-7mm broad. The lateral 2 sepals rounded at the apex and with a greenish-white spot in the center. The lower 2 and uppermost sepal acute at the apices and with a green spot at the apex. All sepals tomentoulose externally, glabrous internally.
Flowering - July - August.
Habitat - Limestone or cherty limestone north and/or west-facing wooded slopes along the Current and Jack's Fork Rivers.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking plant has currently only been found in two southern Missouri counties. The plant is locally abundant where it is found, however. This species is the tallest of the genus in Missouri and certainly deserves a place in cultivation.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - Herbaceous, erect to reclining or vining, green, puberulent and very sparse pilose, to 60cm long, from a big taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, stipulate, petiolate. Stipules to 5mm long, 2mm broad, subulate-ovate, acute, spreading, sparse ciliate-margined. Swollen portion at base of petiole to 2.1mm long. Petiole pubescent as stem. Stiples needlelike, 2mm long. Petiolules of terminal leaflet to 2.5mm long, pubescent as the stem. Leaflets lance-ovate, to 7cm long, 3cm broad, deep green adaxially, bluish-green below, mucronate, very sparse pubescent.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers. Pedicel jointed in upper 2/3, with a pair of opposing bracts at joint. Bracts to 4.5mm long, 1.5mm broad, green, glabrous. Pedicel minutely pubescent(sparse), to 8mm long in flower.
Flowers - Corolla resupinate, papilionaceous. The standard lilac internally with a pale yellow splotch near the apex and purple spotting basally in the center, notched at apex, to -5cm long, -4cm broad, glabrous, pale lilac to whitish externally. Wing petals purplish(lilac) at apex, +/-4cm long, apically connate and adnate to the keel petals. Keel petals clawed and white. Stamens diadelphous, the tube white and glabrous, to 3cm long. Ovary stalked. Stalk to 6mm long, green, tomentoulose. Ovary slightly compressed, 8mm long, tomentoulose. Style white, upcurved, to 1.5cm long, flattened, with a beard of hairs adaxially.
Calyx bilabiate, the upper lip single-lobed. The lobe notched at the apex creating two shallow lobes, the lobes acute and 4mm long. The lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes triangular, acuminate, entire, to +/-7mm long. The central lobe less broad than the lateral lobes. all the lobes ciliate-margined. Calyx tube cylindric, green, to 1.5cm long, 7-8mm in diameter, glabrous internally, with a few sparse hairs externally but mostly glabrous. Calyx subtended by a pair of opposite bracts. Bracts to 4.5mm long, 1.5mm broad, green, glabrous.
Fruit to +/-4cm long, slightly compressed, glabrous, beaked, with a stalk to +1cm long.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Upland rocky woods with acid soils, sandstone glades, ravines, ridges, stream openings.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This popular and striking species can be found in the southern 1/4 of Missouri. The flowers of this species are quite large. The plant is commonly called "Butterfly Pea" not because it is a good butterfly attracting species but because of its big flowers which are butterfly-shaped (papilionaceous).
This species would make a good ornamental but does not transplant well and is "picky" about where it will grow.
Stems - Herbaceous, erect to reclining or vining, green, puberulent and very sparse pilose, to 60cm long, from a big taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, stipulate, petiolate. Stipules to 5mm long, 2mm broad, subulate-ovate, acute, spreading, sparse ciliate-margined. Swollen portion at base of petiole to 2.1mm long. Petiole pubescent as stem. Stiples needlelike, 2mm long. Petiolules of terminal leaflet to 2.5mm long, pubescent as the stem. Leaflets lance-ovate, to 7cm long, 3cm broad, deep green adaxially, bluish-green below, mucronate, very sparse pubescent.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers. Pedicel jointed in upper 2/3, with a pair of opposing bracts at joint. Bracts to 4.5mm long, 1.5mm broad, green, glabrous. Pedicel minutely pubescent(sparse), to 8mm long in flower.
Flowers - Corolla resupinate, papilionaceous. The standard lilac internally with a pale yellow splotch near the apex and purple spotting basally in the center, notched at apex, to -5cm long, -4cm broad, glabrous, pale lilac to whitish externally. Wing petals purplish(lilac) at apex, +/-4cm long, apically connate and adnate to the keel petals. Keel petals clawed and white. Stamens diadelphous, the tube white and glabrous, to 3cm long. Ovary stalked. Stalk to 6mm long, green, tomentoulose. Ovary slightly compressed, 8mm long, tomentoulose. Style white, upcurved, to 1.5cm long, flattened, with a beard of hairs adaxially.
Calyx bilabiate, the upper lip single-lobed. The lobe notched at the apex creating two shallow lobes, the lobes acute and 4mm long. The lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes triangular, acuminate, entire, to +/-7mm long. The central lobe less broad than the lateral lobes. all the lobes ciliate-margined. Calyx tube cylindric, green, to 1.5cm long, 7-8mm in diameter, glabrous internally, with a few sparse hairs externally but mostly glabrous. Calyx subtended by a pair of opposite bracts. Bracts to 4.5mm long, 1.5mm broad, green, glabrous.
Fruit to +/-4cm long, slightly compressed, glabrous, beaked, with a stalk to +1cm long.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Upland rocky woods with acid soils, sandstone glades, ravines, ridges, stream openings.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This popular and striking species can be found in the southern 1/4 of Missouri. The flowers of this species are quite large. The plant is commonly called "Butterfly Pea" not because it is a good butterfly attracting species but because of its big flowers which are butterfly-shaped (papilionaceous).
This species would make a good ornamental but does not transplant well and is "picky" about where it will grow.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Single or (rarely) multiple from the base, erect, herbaceous, simple, retrorse pubescent, pale green to yellowish, thin, 1-3mm in diameter, terete.
Leaves - Alternate, dense on the stem, linear to somewhat spatulate (slightly broader at the apex), with a minute bristle tip, scabrous, with strigillose margins, shiny deep green above, lighter below, 2-3cm long, 2-3mm broad, slightly shorter and thicker in strong sun, abruptly reduced just below the flower heads.
Inflorescence - Single (typically) flowerhead terminating the stem.
Involucre - To 1cm long, 4-5mm in diameter, cylindrical. Phyllaries glabrous, imbricate, appressed, to 7mm long, +/-1mm broad, linear, scarious, with a white midrib and light green apices, acute. Apices ciliolate.
Ray flowers - +/-14 per flowerhead, fertile, pistillate. Corolla tube green, 3mm long, antrorse pubescent near the apex. Style glabrous, green-translucent, 3mm long, bifurcate in the apical 1mm. Stigmas erect. Pappus white, of capillary bristles. Bristles to 5mm long, antrorse barbellate. Achenes whitish, 3mm long in flower, densely antrorse pubescent.
Disk flowers - Disk 4-5mm in diameter. Corollas glabrous, 6mm long, white basally, yellow apically , 5-lobed. Lobes acute, 1mm long, erect to slightly spreading. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the corolla tube. Filaments glabrous, 4mm long, pale yellow-translucent. Anthers yellow, 2mm long, included to partially exserted, connate around the style. Style bifurcate, glabrous, yellowish at the apex, whitish basally, +/-4mm long. Stigmas 1.5mm long erect. Pappus as in ray flowers. Achenes as in ray flowers but slightly smaller.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Dry, rocky pine, pine-oak, or oak-hickory woods. Also on glades and upland slopes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found in the southern 1/3 of Missouri. The plant is probably the easiest in the genus to identify because of its thin leaves (which appear somewhat whorled), its single terminal flowerhead on each stem, its small size, and its habitat.
Plants growing in clear-cut areas can get multiple stems from the base and grow more robust than plants in wooded areas. The typical habit of the plant is shown above.
Stems - Single or (rarely) multiple from the base, erect, herbaceous, simple, retrorse pubescent, pale green to yellowish, thin, 1-3mm in diameter, terete.
Leaves - Alternate, dense on the stem, linear to somewhat spatulate (slightly broader at the apex), with a minute bristle tip, scabrous, with strigillose margins, shiny deep green above, lighter below, 2-3cm long, 2-3mm broad, slightly shorter and thicker in strong sun, abruptly reduced just below the flower heads.
Inflorescence - Single (typically) flowerhead terminating the stem.
Involucre - To 1cm long, 4-5mm in diameter, cylindrical. Phyllaries glabrous, imbricate, appressed, to 7mm long, +/-1mm broad, linear, scarious, with a white midrib and light green apices, acute. Apices ciliolate.
Ray flowers - +/-14 per flowerhead, fertile, pistillate. Corolla tube green, 3mm long, antrorse pubescent near the apex. Style glabrous, green-translucent, 3mm long, bifurcate in the apical 1mm. Stigmas erect. Pappus white, of capillary bristles. Bristles to 5mm long, antrorse barbellate. Achenes whitish, 3mm long in flower, densely antrorse pubescent.
Disk flowers - Disk 4-5mm in diameter. Corollas glabrous, 6mm long, white basally, yellow apically , 5-lobed. Lobes acute, 1mm long, erect to slightly spreading. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the corolla tube. Filaments glabrous, 4mm long, pale yellow-translucent. Anthers yellow, 2mm long, included to partially exserted, connate around the style. Style bifurcate, glabrous, yellowish at the apex, whitish basally, +/-4mm long. Stigmas 1.5mm long erect. Pappus as in ray flowers. Achenes as in ray flowers but slightly smaller.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Dry, rocky pine, pine-oak, or oak-hickory woods. Also on glades and upland slopes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found in the southern 1/3 of Missouri. The plant is probably the easiest in the genus to identify because of its thin leaves (which appear somewhat whorled), its single terminal flowerhead on each stem, its small size, and its habitat.
Plants growing in clear-cut areas can get multiple stems from the base and grow more robust than plants in wooded areas. The typical habit of the plant is shown above.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To -1m tall, erect, herbaceous, terete, from a slightly elongated woody caudex and slightly thickened roots, puberulent (the trichomes multicellular), somewhat scabrous, green, typically simple at the base, widely branching in the apical 1/2 (the inflorescence).
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Basal rosette leaves similar to cauline leaves. Petioles to +/-4cm long, puberulent as the stem, narrowly winged by decurrent blade tissue. Wings 1mm or less broad, forming an adaxial groove on the petiole. Blades ovate to lanceolate, cordate to truncate at the base, entire or with a few coarse teeth, attenuate, to 8-9cm long, 3-4cm broad, slightly reduced upward. Leaves in inflorescence reduced to linear bracts and typically somewhat recurved. Blades soft puberulent, more so abaxially (again with multicellular trichomes).
Inflorescence - Single flower heads terminating branches of the inflorescence. Flowers of the inflorescence typically open and sparse but sometimes dense as seen below:
Involucre - Cylindric, 7-8mm long (tall), 5-7mm in diameter. Phyllaries imbricate, linear, strongly recurved, puberulent, 5-8mm long, +/-1mm broad, green, with a callous translucent bristle tip. Tip to .4mm long.
Ray flowers - +/-23 per head, fertile, pistillate. Corolla tube to 4mm long, white, mostly glabrous externally or with a few appressed hairs. Ligule lilac, +/-1.6cm long, -3mm broad, glabrous or with a few appressed hairs at the base abaxially. Style white, glabrous, +/-5mm long, yellow at the apex, bifurcate. Stigmas to 1.2mm long. Pappus of numerous capillary bristles. Bristles white, antrorse barbellate, +/-4mm long.
Disk flowers - Disk 5-6mm broad. Corollas 5-6mm long, contracted and white in the basal 1/2, expanded and yellow in upper 1/2, glabrous inside and out, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, spreading, .7mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the constricted portion of the corolla tube. Filaments translucent, +/-2mm long, terete. Anthers yellow, 1.3mm long, partially to entirely exserted, connate around the style. Style white, terete, glabrous, 5-6mm long. Stigmas yellow, 1mm long, not spreading, pubescent at the apex. Achenes of rays broader than those of disk flowers, glabrous, white, compressed, with 5 thick and evident veins (ribs). Receptacle flat, naked.
Flowering - July - November.
Habitat - Dry and rocky open woods, thickets, roadsides. Typically on acid soils.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species is one of the most common blue-flowered Asters in the Ozark region and in Missouri. The plant can be seen in profusion along roadsides through the Ozarks and is found in nearly all the upland wooded habitats there. It is, however, absent from the extreme southeast and northwest corners of the state.
This species can be differentiated from the other blue-flowered Asters because of its soft pubescent leaves and recurved phyllaries. The leaves of other species have a scratchy texture to them. A. anomalus has just about the softest leaves of them all. If you are in doubt about which cordate-leaved Aster you are looking at, just remember - "There is nothing softer than anomalus." The narrowly-winged petioles also help to ID this species. Other similar Asters have much broader wings on their petioles.
Stems - To -1m tall, erect, herbaceous, terete, from a slightly elongated woody caudex and slightly thickened roots, puberulent (the trichomes multicellular), somewhat scabrous, green, typically simple at the base, widely branching in the apical 1/2 (the inflorescence).
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Basal rosette leaves similar to cauline leaves. Petioles to +/-4cm long, puberulent as the stem, narrowly winged by decurrent blade tissue. Wings 1mm or less broad, forming an adaxial groove on the petiole. Blades ovate to lanceolate, cordate to truncate at the base, entire or with a few coarse teeth, attenuate, to 8-9cm long, 3-4cm broad, slightly reduced upward. Leaves in inflorescence reduced to linear bracts and typically somewhat recurved. Blades soft puberulent, more so abaxially (again with multicellular trichomes).
Inflorescence - Single flower heads terminating branches of the inflorescence. Flowers of the inflorescence typically open and sparse but sometimes dense as seen below:
Involucre - Cylindric, 7-8mm long (tall), 5-7mm in diameter. Phyllaries imbricate, linear, strongly recurved, puberulent, 5-8mm long, +/-1mm broad, green, with a callous translucent bristle tip. Tip to .4mm long.
Ray flowers - +/-23 per head, fertile, pistillate. Corolla tube to 4mm long, white, mostly glabrous externally or with a few appressed hairs. Ligule lilac, +/-1.6cm long, -3mm broad, glabrous or with a few appressed hairs at the base abaxially. Style white, glabrous, +/-5mm long, yellow at the apex, bifurcate. Stigmas to 1.2mm long. Pappus of numerous capillary bristles. Bristles white, antrorse barbellate, +/-4mm long.
Disk flowers - Disk 5-6mm broad. Corollas 5-6mm long, contracted and white in the basal 1/2, expanded and yellow in upper 1/2, glabrous inside and out, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, spreading, .7mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the constricted portion of the corolla tube. Filaments translucent, +/-2mm long, terete. Anthers yellow, 1.3mm long, partially to entirely exserted, connate around the style. Style white, terete, glabrous, 5-6mm long. Stigmas yellow, 1mm long, not spreading, pubescent at the apex. Achenes of rays broader than those of disk flowers, glabrous, white, compressed, with 5 thick and evident veins (ribs). Receptacle flat, naked.
Flowering - July - November.
Habitat - Dry and rocky open woods, thickets, roadsides. Typically on acid soils.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species is one of the most common blue-flowered Asters in the Ozark region and in Missouri. The plant can be seen in profusion along roadsides through the Ozarks and is found in nearly all the upland wooded habitats there. It is, however, absent from the extreme southeast and northwest corners of the state.
This species can be differentiated from the other blue-flowered Asters because of its soft pubescent leaves and recurved phyllaries. The leaves of other species have a scratchy texture to them. A. anomalus has just about the softest leaves of them all. If you are in doubt about which cordate-leaved Aster you are looking at, just remember - "There is nothing softer than anomalus." The narrowly-winged petioles also help to ID this species. Other similar Asters have much broader wings on their petioles.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Apocynaceae
Stems - Trailing, twining, herbaceous, green, glabrous or sparsely glandular pubescent, typically hollow, to +2m long.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to 4mm long, glabrous. Blades elliptic-ovate to oblong-elliptic, glabrous, entire, acute, shiny green above, silvery green below, to +3.5cm long, -2cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from the leaf axils. Pedicels to -2cm long in flower.
Flowers - Corolla 2.5-3cm broad, salverform, 5-lobed, bluish-purple. Corolla tube 1.1cm long, glabrous externally, pubescent internally just at throat. Lobes truncate at apex, 1cm long and broad (at apex). Stamens 5, opposite the corolla lobes, adnate at apex of the corolla tube. Filaments green, 2.5mm long, bent at the base and with a few hairs in the lower portion of the bend, expanded and compressed at the apex. Anthers yellow, 1.6mm long, densely pubescent. Style green, 4.5mm long, glabrous. Stigma densely white pubescent (villous). Ovary 2-carpellate, superior, 1.4mm long, green, glabrous, with two opposing nectaries adjacent to the carpels. Nectaries yellowish to purple in flower. Calyx 5-lobed, green, glabrous. Tube to 1.5mm long. Lobes typically 4-5mm long, linear-subulate, acute, glabrous. Often 1 lobe expanded and colored as the corolla.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Woods, bluffs, waste ground.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This popular species in cultivation has found its way to many wild places in Missouri. It can be aggressive if left unchecked and can form large mats covering many square meters. The striking blue flowers appear in the spring. This species can be differentiated from a similar species, V. major L., by its smaller leaves and flowers.
Stems - Trailing, twining, herbaceous, green, glabrous or sparsely glandular pubescent, typically hollow, to +2m long.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to 4mm long, glabrous. Blades elliptic-ovate to oblong-elliptic, glabrous, entire, acute, shiny green above, silvery green below, to +3.5cm long, -2cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from the leaf axils. Pedicels to -2cm long in flower.
Flowers - Corolla 2.5-3cm broad, salverform, 5-lobed, bluish-purple. Corolla tube 1.1cm long, glabrous externally, pubescent internally just at throat. Lobes truncate at apex, 1cm long and broad (at apex). Stamens 5, opposite the corolla lobes, adnate at apex of the corolla tube. Filaments green, 2.5mm long, bent at the base and with a few hairs in the lower portion of the bend, expanded and compressed at the apex. Anthers yellow, 1.6mm long, densely pubescent. Style green, 4.5mm long, glabrous. Stigma densely white pubescent (villous). Ovary 2-carpellate, superior, 1.4mm long, green, glabrous, with two opposing nectaries adjacent to the carpels. Nectaries yellowish to purple in flower. Calyx 5-lobed, green, glabrous. Tube to 1.5mm long. Lobes typically 4-5mm long, linear-subulate, acute, glabrous. Often 1 lobe expanded and colored as the corolla.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Woods, bluffs, waste ground.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This popular species in cultivation has found its way to many wild places in Missouri. It can be aggressive if left unchecked and can form large mats covering many square meters. The striking blue flowers appear in the spring. This species can be differentiated from a similar species, V. major L., by its smaller leaves and flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Family - Scrophulariaceae
Stems - To +25cm long, decumbent to repent, sparse strigose, green or reddish in strong sun, terete, multiple from base, mostly simple.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate below, sessile above, spatulate, coarse serrate, rounded to subacute at apex, reduced upward, to +/-5cm long, +/-2cm broad, glabrous but ciliate on the margins at the base.
Inflorescence - Long terminal raceme making up most of the stems. Pedicels to 1-5mm long in flower, quickly elongating in fruit to 1cm, mostly glabrous but glandular-strigose on the adaxial surface in one line, expanded near the apex. Each pedicel subtended by a small subulate bract. Bracts to 2-3mm long, scarious in the apical half.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, lilac, white, and yellow, 1-1.4cm long, 7-10mm broad, glandular externally, the tube glabrous internally. Upper lip one-lobed, +/-3mm long, 2-3mm broad, tapering at the apex. Lower lip 3-lobed. The lobes rounded. The lateral lobes more broad than the central, whitish-lilac, glabrous internally, 3-4mm long and broad. Central lobe +/-2mm long, thinner than the lateral lobes. Throat of corolla white and yellow spotted, with two pouch-like protrusions. Protrusions bearded with clavate trichomes.
Stamens in two pairs, included, adnate near the middle of the corolla tube, each pair converging and the anthers connate. Filaments curved, white, glabrous, +/-4mm long. Anthers yellow, 1mm broad. Style lilac, 6mm long, glabrous. Stigma compressed. Ovary superior, globose, 1.1mm long in flower, purple in the apical half, 2-locular. Placentation axile. Calyx accrescent, quickly expanding in fruit. Calyx tube 1-3mm long in flower, strigose on the veins, 5-lobed. Lobes to 3mm long in flower, subulate, strigose on the midveins, acute. Seeds many, minute, brownish, .4mm long, .2mm broad.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Grassy open lawns, roadsides, cultivated fields.
Origin - Native to eastern Asia.
Other info. - This little introduced species is rare in Missouri but will most certainly spread with time. The small flowers are quite striking and the plant is sometimes grown as a rock garden ornamental. It grows easily from seed and many seeds are produced with each fruit.
Many flying insects are attracted to the flowers.
Stems - To +25cm long, decumbent to repent, sparse strigose, green or reddish in strong sun, terete, multiple from base, mostly simple.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate below, sessile above, spatulate, coarse serrate, rounded to subacute at apex, reduced upward, to +/-5cm long, +/-2cm broad, glabrous but ciliate on the margins at the base.
Inflorescence - Long terminal raceme making up most of the stems. Pedicels to 1-5mm long in flower, quickly elongating in fruit to 1cm, mostly glabrous but glandular-strigose on the adaxial surface in one line, expanded near the apex. Each pedicel subtended by a small subulate bract. Bracts to 2-3mm long, scarious in the apical half.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, lilac, white, and yellow, 1-1.4cm long, 7-10mm broad, glandular externally, the tube glabrous internally. Upper lip one-lobed, +/-3mm long, 2-3mm broad, tapering at the apex. Lower lip 3-lobed. The lobes rounded. The lateral lobes more broad than the central, whitish-lilac, glabrous internally, 3-4mm long and broad. Central lobe +/-2mm long, thinner than the lateral lobes. Throat of corolla white and yellow spotted, with two pouch-like protrusions. Protrusions bearded with clavate trichomes.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Grassy open lawns, roadsides, cultivated fields.
Origin - Native to eastern Asia.
Other info. - This little introduced species is rare in Missouri but will most certainly spread with time. The small flowers are quite striking and the plant is sometimes grown as a rock garden ornamental. It grows easily from seed and many seeds are produced with each fruit.
Many flying insects are attracted to the flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +2m tall, glabrous, glaucous, erect, simple, herbaceous, solid to subhollow, green with purple at nodes only.
Leaves - In whorls of 4 or 5, petiolate, Petioles to +/-2cm long, green. glabrous. Blades to 30cm long, +9cm broad, elliptic-lanceolate, tapering at base, coarse serrate, acuminate, very sparse pubescent above, tomentoulose below. Teeth with strigillose margins and with prickle tip from vascular tissue extending beyond leaf tissue.
Inflorescence - Flowers in a terminal paniculate cyme to 30cm tall (long), +/-20 cm in diameter. Branches of inflorescence tomentoulose to tomentose, green.
Involucre - 8-9mm tall (long), 2-2.3mm in diameter, greenish white at base, lilac above. Phyllaries imbricate. Outer phyllaries tomentoulose externally. Innermost phyllaries 8mm long, 1mm broad, with scarious margins and few cilia at apex. Flowers 4-6 per head.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Corolla tube 5-6mm long, 5-lobed, appressed pubescent, lilac. Lobes .9mm long, acute. Stamens 5, adnate about 1/2 way up corolla tube. Anthers whitish-pink, 2mm long, connate around style. Style bifurcate. Stigmas 5-6mm long. Achenes blackish, angled, to 3.5mm long, glabrous. Pappus of capillary bristles to 6.5mm long.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Moist ground, wooded slopes, wet meadows and thickets, streambanks.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be distinguished from the similar E. fistulosum Barratt by its green solid stems with purple nodes. E. fistulosum is much less common in the wild( in Missouri) and has completely purple stems which are hollow. Both species are popular in cultivation and often misnamed.
The flowers of E. purpureum appear white at first but become more purplish with age. The species name of the plant, purpureum, means "becoming purple".
Stems - To +2m tall, glabrous, glaucous, erect, simple, herbaceous, solid to subhollow, green with purple at nodes only.
Leaves - In whorls of 4 or 5, petiolate, Petioles to +/-2cm long, green. glabrous. Blades to 30cm long, +9cm broad, elliptic-lanceolate, tapering at base, coarse serrate, acuminate, very sparse pubescent above, tomentoulose below. Teeth with strigillose margins and with prickle tip from vascular tissue extending beyond leaf tissue.
Inflorescence - Flowers in a terminal paniculate cyme to 30cm tall (long), +/-20 cm in diameter. Branches of inflorescence tomentoulose to tomentose, green.
Involucre - 8-9mm tall (long), 2-2.3mm in diameter, greenish white at base, lilac above. Phyllaries imbricate. Outer phyllaries tomentoulose externally. Innermost phyllaries 8mm long, 1mm broad, with scarious margins and few cilia at apex. Flowers 4-6 per head.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Corolla tube 5-6mm long, 5-lobed, appressed pubescent, lilac. Lobes .9mm long, acute. Stamens 5, adnate about 1/2 way up corolla tube. Anthers whitish-pink, 2mm long, connate around style. Style bifurcate. Stigmas 5-6mm long. Achenes blackish, angled, to 3.5mm long, glabrous. Pappus of capillary bristles to 6.5mm long.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Moist ground, wooded slopes, wet meadows and thickets, streambanks.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be distinguished from the similar E. fistulosum Barratt by its green solid stems with purple nodes. E. fistulosum is much less common in the wild( in Missouri) and has completely purple stems which are hollow. Both species are popular in cultivation and often misnamed.
The flowers of E. purpureum appear white at first but become more purplish with age. The species name of the plant, purpureum, means "becoming purple".
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +2m tall, erect, simple, herbaceous, hollow, solid purple to purplish-green with purple mottling, glabrous, typically glaucous, from fibrous roots.
Leaves - In whorls of 4 to 5, petiolate. Petiole to +2cm long, glabrous. Blade to +25cm long, +8cm broad, elliptic to elliptic lanceolate, serrate, acuminate, pubescent below. Teeth of margins with minute prickle tip caused by vascular tissue extending beyond leaf tissue.
Inflorescence - Flower heads in terminal paniculate cyme to +30cm tall (long), +/-20cm broad. Branches of inflorescence tomentoulose, reddish-purple. Flower heads with 5-6 flowers.
Involucre - 9mm long(tall), 2.5mm in diameter, greenish near base fading to pinkish-purple above. Phyllaries imbricate. Outermost phyllaries tomentoulose. Inner phyllaries mostly glabrous and with ciliolate margins.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Flowers +/-5 per head. Corolla tube to 3.1mm long, 5-lobed, pink to purplish, glabrous. Lobes acute, .9mm long, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate about 1/2 way up corolla tube, alternating with corolla lobes. Filaments pinkish, glabrous. Anthers pinkish-purple, 1.1mm long. Style bifurcate. Stigmas to 3.5mm long, well exserted. Achenes green in flower, 3mm long.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Moist ground, wet meadows, cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species occurs naturally in only a few counties in Missouri. It is, however, widely cultivated and can be found nearly throughout the state. The brilliant purple stems and large inflorescences make it a desirable plant. This species is often confused with E. purpureum L. but the latter has more greenish stems, which are typically solid, and lighter colored flowers.
Stems - To +2m tall, erect, simple, herbaceous, hollow, solid purple to purplish-green with purple mottling, glabrous, typically glaucous, from fibrous roots.
Leaves - In whorls of 4 to 5, petiolate. Petiole to +2cm long, glabrous. Blade to +25cm long, +8cm broad, elliptic to elliptic lanceolate, serrate, acuminate, pubescent below. Teeth of margins with minute prickle tip caused by vascular tissue extending beyond leaf tissue.
Inflorescence - Flower heads in terminal paniculate cyme to +30cm tall (long), +/-20cm broad. Branches of inflorescence tomentoulose, reddish-purple. Flower heads with 5-6 flowers.
Involucre - 9mm long(tall), 2.5mm in diameter, greenish near base fading to pinkish-purple above. Phyllaries imbricate. Outermost phyllaries tomentoulose. Inner phyllaries mostly glabrous and with ciliolate margins.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Flowers +/-5 per head. Corolla tube to 3.1mm long, 5-lobed, pink to purplish, glabrous. Lobes acute, .9mm long, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate about 1/2 way up corolla tube, alternating with corolla lobes. Filaments pinkish, glabrous. Anthers pinkish-purple, 1.1mm long. Style bifurcate. Stigmas to 3.5mm long, well exserted. Achenes green in flower, 3mm long.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Moist ground, wet meadows, cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species occurs naturally in only a few counties in Missouri. It is, however, widely cultivated and can be found nearly throughout the state. The brilliant purple stems and large inflorescences make it a desirable plant. This species is often confused with E. purpureum L. but the latter has more greenish stems, which are typically solid, and lighter colored flowers.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To 50cm tall, pubescent, herbaceous, typically single, forming colonies with creeping rhizomes, green to red.
Leaves - Opposite, deltoid to ovate, serrate to crenate-serrate, petiolate, to 10cm long, 5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Typically terminal corymbiform cyme of flower heads, flat to slightly domed. Peduncles dense puberulent, with small subulate bracts to 1mm long.
Involucre - To 5mm tall, campanulate to cylindric. Phyllaries attenuate, imbricate, to -3mm long, .7mm broad, reddish at apex. Flower heads with 30-70 flowers per head.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Corolla purple to lilac, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, included. Style well exserted and bifurcate, pink, glabrous. Achenes subterete to 5-angled, 1mm long. Pappus of capillary bristles. Receptacle conic.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Moist ground, low woods, stream banks, ditches, base of bluffs. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found mainly in the southern half of Missouri but it also occurs in a few counties north of the Missouri River. It is a striking species. The plant greatly resembles another commonly cultivated genus, Ageratum, but the latter is lacking a pappus, does not spread with creeping rhizomes, and is non-native.
Stems - To 50cm tall, pubescent, herbaceous, typically single, forming colonies with creeping rhizomes, green to red.
Leaves - Opposite, deltoid to ovate, serrate to crenate-serrate, petiolate, to 10cm long, 5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Typically terminal corymbiform cyme of flower heads, flat to slightly domed. Peduncles dense puberulent, with small subulate bracts to 1mm long.
Involucre - To 5mm tall, campanulate to cylindric. Phyllaries attenuate, imbricate, to -3mm long, .7mm broad, reddish at apex. Flower heads with 30-70 flowers per head.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Corolla purple to lilac, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, included. Style well exserted and bifurcate, pink, glabrous. Achenes subterete to 5-angled, 1mm long. Pappus of capillary bristles. Receptacle conic.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Moist ground, low woods, stream banks, ditches, base of bluffs. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found mainly in the southern half of Missouri but it also occurs in a few counties north of the Missouri River. It is a striking species. The plant greatly resembles another commonly cultivated genus, Ageratum, but the latter is lacking a pappus, does not spread with creeping rhizomes, and is non-native.
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