文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - Aerial stems to +1m tall, erect, simple, herbaceous, green ,glabrous, terete, mostly hollow. Bulb of many bulblets, with a papery coating and fibrous roots. Bulblets with at least one flat side.
Leaves - Leaves present in the lower 1/3 to 1/2 of the plant. Leaves flat or very slightly folded, to +/-30cm long, 7-10mm broad, glabrous, often glaucous, with a prominent midrib, sheathing. The ligule rounded ("U"-shaped), the free portion 1-2mm tall (long).
Inflorescence - Dense capitate cluster of bulblets terminating the stem. Inflorescence covered in a papery spathe. Spathe with a long apiculate tip, splitting on one side at anthesis.
Flowers - Flowers mostly or entirely replaced by bulblets. Bulblets glabrous, whitish or (more commonly) with a reddish tinge. If produced, the small flowers are greenish, whitish, or pinkish and tubular with acute lobes.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Waste ground, roadsides, railroads, fields, meadows, thickets, grassy areas.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This tasty species is the common "Garlic" of culinary fame. It can be found scattered throughout Missouri.
A. sativum is renowned for its medical benefits as well as its flavor. It has been used by many cultures to treat nearly every ailment known to man. More recently, Garlic has been shown to have promising anti-cancer properties. There are many more websites dedicated to the medicinal benefits of Garlic if you would like to learn more.
Allicin is the sulfur compound responsible for the characteristic smell of Garlic as well as some of its medicinal benefits.
Garlic is easy to grow in our area and wild plants can become very weedy if left unchecked.
Stems - Aerial stems to +1m tall, erect, simple, herbaceous, green ,glabrous, terete, mostly hollow. Bulb of many bulblets, with a papery coating and fibrous roots. Bulblets with at least one flat side.
Leaves - Leaves present in the lower 1/3 to 1/2 of the plant. Leaves flat or very slightly folded, to +/-30cm long, 7-10mm broad, glabrous, often glaucous, with a prominent midrib, sheathing. The ligule rounded ("U"-shaped), the free portion 1-2mm tall (long).
Inflorescence - Dense capitate cluster of bulblets terminating the stem. Inflorescence covered in a papery spathe. Spathe with a long apiculate tip, splitting on one side at anthesis.
Flowers - Flowers mostly or entirely replaced by bulblets. Bulblets glabrous, whitish or (more commonly) with a reddish tinge. If produced, the small flowers are greenish, whitish, or pinkish and tubular with acute lobes.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Waste ground, roadsides, railroads, fields, meadows, thickets, grassy areas.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This tasty species is the common "Garlic" of culinary fame. It can be found scattered throughout Missouri.
A. sativum is renowned for its medical benefits as well as its flavor. It has been used by many cultures to treat nearly every ailment known to man. More recently, Garlic has been shown to have promising anti-cancer properties. There are many more websites dedicated to the medicinal benefits of Garlic if you would like to learn more.
Allicin is the sulfur compound responsible for the characteristic smell of Garlic as well as some of its medicinal benefits.
Garlic is easy to grow in our area and wild plants can become very weedy if left unchecked.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Apiaceae
Stems - From fibrous roots, forming large clumps, multiple from the base, erect, branching, herbaceous, glabrous, reddish-purple at the base, green apically, slightly scented.
Leaves - Basal leaves long petiole. Petioles to 15cm long, glabrous, colored as the stem. Blade palmately compound. Leaflets serrate, sessile, glabrous, +/-6cm long. Teeth of leaflet mucronate.Cauline leaves becoming sessile, palmate. The leaflets oblanceolate, divided near the apex, to 6cm long, +/-2cm broad, glabrous, toothed as the basal leaves.
Inflorescence - Axillary bracteate globose umbellets, of staminate and perfect flowers. Rays to +2cm long in flower, glabrous. Umbellets directly subtended by a few minute bracts. +/-40 flowers per umbellet. Raylets of staminate flowers to -2mm long, glabrous. Perfect flowers mostly sessile.
Flowers - Staminate flowers - Petals green, glabrous, strongly inflexed, -1mm broad. Stamens 5, erect. Filaments greenish, glabrous, 2mm long. Anthers yellow, .7mm long. Calyx tube .5mm long, with 5 lobes, glabrous. Lobes acute, erect, .3mm long, glabrous. Perfect flowers - Petals as in staminate flowers. Stamens slightly longer than in staminate flowers. Styles 2, long and spreading to recurved, greenish-white, glabrous, -3mm long. Ovary with uncinate prickles. Sepals same as is staminate flowers.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Rich open woods, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout much of Missouri but is absent from a large section of the west-central portion of the state. The plant can be identified by its bristly fruits which have long styles. The styles of the fruits are longer than the bristles and slightly recurved, they DO NOT stand erect.
Stems - From fibrous roots, forming large clumps, multiple from the base, erect, branching, herbaceous, glabrous, reddish-purple at the base, green apically, slightly scented.
Leaves - Basal leaves long petiole. Petioles to 15cm long, glabrous, colored as the stem. Blade palmately compound. Leaflets serrate, sessile, glabrous, +/-6cm long. Teeth of leaflet mucronate.Cauline leaves becoming sessile, palmate. The leaflets oblanceolate, divided near the apex, to 6cm long, +/-2cm broad, glabrous, toothed as the basal leaves.
Inflorescence - Axillary bracteate globose umbellets, of staminate and perfect flowers. Rays to +2cm long in flower, glabrous. Umbellets directly subtended by a few minute bracts. +/-40 flowers per umbellet. Raylets of staminate flowers to -2mm long, glabrous. Perfect flowers mostly sessile.
Flowers - Staminate flowers - Petals green, glabrous, strongly inflexed, -1mm broad. Stamens 5, erect. Filaments greenish, glabrous, 2mm long. Anthers yellow, .7mm long. Calyx tube .5mm long, with 5 lobes, glabrous. Lobes acute, erect, .3mm long, glabrous. Perfect flowers - Petals as in staminate flowers. Stamens slightly longer than in staminate flowers. Styles 2, long and spreading to recurved, greenish-white, glabrous, -3mm long. Ovary with uncinate prickles. Sepals same as is staminate flowers.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Rich open woods, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout much of Missouri but is absent from a large section of the west-central portion of the state. The plant can be identified by its bristly fruits which have long styles. The styles of the fruits are longer than the bristles and slightly recurved, they DO NOT stand erect.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Polygonaceae
Stems - To +1m tall, often reclining with age, herbaceous, glabrous, from big deep taproot, typically simple but sometimes branched below the inflorescence, with darker green striations.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, sheathing. Ocrea scarious, drying to brown, NOT fringed with ciliate bristles, typically deciduous by fruiting period. Petiole to 4cm long. Blades to +20cm long, +/-5cm broad, entire, lanceolate to lance-elliptic, acute to acuminate at apex, fairly abruptly constricted at base to petiole, glabrous. Margins only slightly undulate.
Inflorescence - Terminal verticillate racemes in a panicle to +/-30cm tall, dense. Branches of panicle ascending. Pedicels of flowers to 1cm long, jointed below middle, glabrous.
Flowers - Imperfect. Fruiting sepals green, drying to a brownish-copper color, to 6mm long, 5mm broad, entire. Tubercles 1, to 3.5mm long, 1.1mm broad. Achenes 3-sided, 3mm long, dark brown.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Moist ground by streams, sloughs, and ponds, thickets, waste ground, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species of Rumex is quite common throughout Missouri. The plant seems to prefer slightly moist ground but can grow in a variety of conditions because of its big taproot.
The young shoots of this plant and some other species in this genus can be cooked and eaten.
Stems - To +1m tall, often reclining with age, herbaceous, glabrous, from big deep taproot, typically simple but sometimes branched below the inflorescence, with darker green striations.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, sheathing. Ocrea scarious, drying to brown, NOT fringed with ciliate bristles, typically deciduous by fruiting period. Petiole to 4cm long. Blades to +20cm long, +/-5cm broad, entire, lanceolate to lance-elliptic, acute to acuminate at apex, fairly abruptly constricted at base to petiole, glabrous. Margins only slightly undulate.
Inflorescence - Terminal verticillate racemes in a panicle to +/-30cm tall, dense. Branches of panicle ascending. Pedicels of flowers to 1cm long, jointed below middle, glabrous.
Flowers - Imperfect. Fruiting sepals green, drying to a brownish-copper color, to 6mm long, 5mm broad, entire. Tubercles 1, to 3.5mm long, 1.1mm broad. Achenes 3-sided, 3mm long, dark brown.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Moist ground by streams, sloughs, and ponds, thickets, waste ground, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species of Rumex is quite common throughout Missouri. The plant seems to prefer slightly moist ground but can grow in a variety of conditions because of its big taproot.
The young shoots of this plant and some other species in this genus can be cooked and eaten.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Orchidaceae
Stems - To +/-50cm tall, erect, herbaceous, simple, single or double from the base, glabrous, with vertical ridges formed by decurrent leaf and bract tissue, green.
Leaves - 2-5 per stem, sessile, sheathing, glabrous, entire, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute at apex, the largest with blades to +/-12cm long, +/-2cm broad, dull green above, slightly more shiny below. The midrib deeply impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal spike to +/-10cm long (tall). Axis glabrous. Each flower subtended by a lanceolate bract. Bracts shorter or longer than the flowers (depending on the variety), green, glabrous, entire.
Flowers - Sessile, green. Floral tube -1cm long, typically twisted, glabrous. Sepals 3, ovate to orbicular, glabrous, entire, to 4mm long, 3mm broad. The lateral two spreading. Petals yellow-green. The spur to 6mm long, slightly curved, glabrous. Lower lip blunt at the apex to very slightly emarginate, to +/-4mm long, 3mm broad, glabrous, with two small basal projections and a tubercle at the base adaxially. Lateral petals rounded to ovate or obovate, spreading, 3-4mm long and broad, glabrous. Column -2mm long and broad, facing forward. Pollinia 1.3mm long. Pollen white.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Mesic bottoms, mesic prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is relatively uncommon. The plant is fairly easy to identify because of its green flowers, which are spurred and have an undivided lower lip.
P. flava is commonly divided into two varieties. Both these varieties occur in Missouri but may be hard to differentiate. The varieties are differentiated on the basis of bract length on the inflorescence and also number of leaves per plant. The longer-bracted plants, var. herbiola (R. Br.) Luer are more common in Missouri than the shorter-bracted plants, var. flava.
Stems - To +/-50cm tall, erect, herbaceous, simple, single or double from the base, glabrous, with vertical ridges formed by decurrent leaf and bract tissue, green.
Leaves - 2-5 per stem, sessile, sheathing, glabrous, entire, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute at apex, the largest with blades to +/-12cm long, +/-2cm broad, dull green above, slightly more shiny below. The midrib deeply impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal spike to +/-10cm long (tall). Axis glabrous. Each flower subtended by a lanceolate bract. Bracts shorter or longer than the flowers (depending on the variety), green, glabrous, entire.
Flowers - Sessile, green. Floral tube -1cm long, typically twisted, glabrous. Sepals 3, ovate to orbicular, glabrous, entire, to 4mm long, 3mm broad. The lateral two spreading. Petals yellow-green. The spur to 6mm long, slightly curved, glabrous. Lower lip blunt at the apex to very slightly emarginate, to +/-4mm long, 3mm broad, glabrous, with two small basal projections and a tubercle at the base adaxially. Lateral petals rounded to ovate or obovate, spreading, 3-4mm long and broad, glabrous. Column -2mm long and broad, facing forward. Pollinia 1.3mm long. Pollen white.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Mesic bottoms, mesic prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is relatively uncommon. The plant is fairly easy to identify because of its green flowers, which are spurred and have an undivided lower lip.
P. flava is commonly divided into two varieties. Both these varieties occur in Missouri but may be hard to differentiate. The varieties are differentiated on the basis of bract length on the inflorescence and also number of leaves per plant. The longer-bracted plants, var. herbiola (R. Br.) Luer are more common in Missouri than the shorter-bracted plants, var. flava.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Chenopodiaceae
Stems - From a big taproot, erect, herbaceous but stout, much-branched, terete to ribbed, green, glabrescent but minutely villous, to +/-60cm tall.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile. Blade tapering to the base, with 3-4 coarse teeth per margin, acute, glabrous or with very few hairs, to +4cm long, 1cm broad, linear-oblong, green, lighter underneath.
Inflorescence - Open, loose spikes terminating each stem and branch. Flowers sessile, the lowest subtended by a greatly reduced foliaceous bract. Flowers compact at first but quickly expanding in fruit.
Flowers - Minute, green. Sepals green, convergent, keeled, 5, to 1mm long in flower, longer in fruit, dark green, mostly glabrous, subtended by white lanose hairs. Stigmas 3, erect, white, .7-1mm long. Ovary green, superior, globose, glabrous but surrounded by lanose hairs, .3-.7mm broad in flower, quickly expanding in fruit and becoming disk-shaped. Fruit winged, to 4mm broad. Wing white, +/-1mm broad, erose-margined. Seed dark purple, broadly conic, hard, 2mm broad.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Sand bars, gravel bars, sandy fields, railroads, sandy roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This interesting species can be found throughout Missouri along the major waterways and in sandy areas. The plant is simple to identify becasue of its round, winged fruits and choice of habitat.
Stems - From a big taproot, erect, herbaceous but stout, much-branched, terete to ribbed, green, glabrescent but minutely villous, to +/-60cm tall.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile. Blade tapering to the base, with 3-4 coarse teeth per margin, acute, glabrous or with very few hairs, to +4cm long, 1cm broad, linear-oblong, green, lighter underneath.
Inflorescence - Open, loose spikes terminating each stem and branch. Flowers sessile, the lowest subtended by a greatly reduced foliaceous bract. Flowers compact at first but quickly expanding in fruit.
Flowers - Minute, green. Sepals green, convergent, keeled, 5, to 1mm long in flower, longer in fruit, dark green, mostly glabrous, subtended by white lanose hairs. Stigmas 3, erect, white, .7-1mm long. Ovary green, superior, globose, glabrous but surrounded by lanose hairs, .3-.7mm broad in flower, quickly expanding in fruit and becoming disk-shaped. Fruit winged, to 4mm broad. Wing white, +/-1mm broad, erose-margined. Seed dark purple, broadly conic, hard, 2mm broad.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Sand bars, gravel bars, sandy fields, railroads, sandy roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This interesting species can be found throughout Missouri along the major waterways and in sandy areas. The plant is simple to identify becasue of its round, winged fruits and choice of habitat.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Brassicaceae
Stems - Repent, decumbent, or ascending, multiple from the base, radiating from a central point, from a long taproot, to 30cm long, herbaceous, terete, glabrous, green.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, pinnate, to 4-5cm long, 2cm broad, glabrous. Divisions of the leaves opposite, lobed or divided again, acute, linear-elliptic to linear oblong. Apices of ultimate divisions with a somewhat hardened point.
Inflorescence - Small raceme to 4cm long, opposite one of the stem leaves, compact in flower, quickly elongating in fruit. Axis glabrous. Pedicels to 2mm long in fruit.
Flowers - Greenish, minute. Petals absent. Sepals 4, to 1mm long, .75mm broad, strongly cupped, glabrous, with scarious margins, acute to rounded at the apex. Stamens 2, to .75mm long. Filaments white, swollen at the base, glabrous, succulent. Anthers purple, .1mm long. Staminodia 4, shorter than the stamens, one staminode arising on each side of the fertile stamens, with minute green nectaries at the base between the fertile stamen and the staminode. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, 1mm broad, .8mm long, compressed. Style absent. Stigma sessile between the two halves of the ovary. Fruits glabrous, 3-4mm broad, 2mm long, slightly compressed, sub-biglobose, 2-seeded.
Flowering - April - October.
Habitat - Waste ground, open places, lawns.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This sprawling weed can be found in just a handful of southeast Missouri counties but is spreading. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its spreading stems, pinnate leaves, and biglobose fruits. The species epithet "didymus" means "the testes" referring to the fruits.
Stems - Repent, decumbent, or ascending, multiple from the base, radiating from a central point, from a long taproot, to 30cm long, herbaceous, terete, glabrous, green.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, pinnate, to 4-5cm long, 2cm broad, glabrous. Divisions of the leaves opposite, lobed or divided again, acute, linear-elliptic to linear oblong. Apices of ultimate divisions with a somewhat hardened point.
Inflorescence - Small raceme to 4cm long, opposite one of the stem leaves, compact in flower, quickly elongating in fruit. Axis glabrous. Pedicels to 2mm long in fruit.
Flowers - Greenish, minute. Petals absent. Sepals 4, to 1mm long, .75mm broad, strongly cupped, glabrous, with scarious margins, acute to rounded at the apex. Stamens 2, to .75mm long. Filaments white, swollen at the base, glabrous, succulent. Anthers purple, .1mm long. Staminodia 4, shorter than the stamens, one staminode arising on each side of the fertile stamens, with minute green nectaries at the base between the fertile stamen and the staminode. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, 1mm broad, .8mm long, compressed. Style absent. Stigma sessile between the two halves of the ovary. Fruits glabrous, 3-4mm broad, 2mm long, slightly compressed, sub-biglobose, 2-seeded.
Flowering - April - October.
Habitat - Waste ground, open places, lawns.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This sprawling weed can be found in just a handful of southeast Missouri counties but is spreading. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its spreading stems, pinnate leaves, and biglobose fruits. The species epithet "didymus" means "the testes" referring to the fruits.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Berberidaceae
Stems - From rhizomes, to +/-50cm tall, erect, herbaceous, multiple from the base, glaucous, terete, green with purple at the base, glabrous.
Leaves - Mostly one leaf per stem, triternate. Leaflets 3(4-5)-lobed a the apex, entire, glabrous, 4-5cm long, +/-3cm broad. Lobes of the leaflets acute, with a small whitish apex. Main veins of the leaflets arising from the base of the leaflet. All veins impressed above, expressed below. Lateral leaflets often oblique at the base.
Inflorescence - Axillary panicle to +4cm long. Peduncle to +3cm long, glabrous. Ech division of the panicle subtended a minute bract. Bracts 1-2mm long, acute, scarious on the margins.
Flowers - Petaloid sepals 6, yellow-green, spatulate, rounded at the apex, +/-5mm long, 2-3mm broad, with slightly darker veins, distinct. Petals smaller than the sepals, green, glabrous, hooded, 2mm long, 2mm broad at the apex. Stamens 6, ascending. Filaments green, glabrous, 1.5mm long. Anthers yellow, 1mm long, 1mm broad, bi-lobed. Ovary green, obovoid, glabrous, +2mm long, -2mm broad, slightly 3-sided, unilocular, with 3 ovules, tapering into a -1mm long style. Stigma minute. Placentation basal.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Rich woods in valleys, ravines, north-facing wooded slopes, moist base of bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S. and Asia.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout most of Missouri but is generally found in the eastern half of the state. The plant can be identified in the field by its glaucous stems, ternately divided leaves (the leaf picture above is of just the terminal division of a leaf), its greenish flowers, and its brilliant blue seeds (which I have no pictures of at this time). The plant also has a thick root which was used medicinally by natives. A tea made from the root was used to treat a variety of ailments such as abdominal cramps, urinary tract infections, and problems with the uterus. The roots may also have contraceptive properties. The root of the plant contains glycosides and alkaloids and many people get a reaction from handling the roots. The seeds of the plant are toxic and should not be eaten.
Stems - From rhizomes, to +/-50cm tall, erect, herbaceous, multiple from the base, glaucous, terete, green with purple at the base, glabrous.
Leaves - Mostly one leaf per stem, triternate. Leaflets 3(4-5)-lobed a the apex, entire, glabrous, 4-5cm long, +/-3cm broad. Lobes of the leaflets acute, with a small whitish apex. Main veins of the leaflets arising from the base of the leaflet. All veins impressed above, expressed below. Lateral leaflets often oblique at the base.
Inflorescence - Axillary panicle to +4cm long. Peduncle to +3cm long, glabrous. Ech division of the panicle subtended a minute bract. Bracts 1-2mm long, acute, scarious on the margins.
Flowers - Petaloid sepals 6, yellow-green, spatulate, rounded at the apex, +/-5mm long, 2-3mm broad, with slightly darker veins, distinct. Petals smaller than the sepals, green, glabrous, hooded, 2mm long, 2mm broad at the apex. Stamens 6, ascending. Filaments green, glabrous, 1.5mm long. Anthers yellow, 1mm long, 1mm broad, bi-lobed. Ovary green, obovoid, glabrous, +2mm long, -2mm broad, slightly 3-sided, unilocular, with 3 ovules, tapering into a -1mm long style. Stigma minute. Placentation basal.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Rich woods in valleys, ravines, north-facing wooded slopes, moist base of bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S. and Asia.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout most of Missouri but is generally found in the eastern half of the state. The plant can be identified in the field by its glaucous stems, ternately divided leaves (the leaf picture above is of just the terminal division of a leaf), its greenish flowers, and its brilliant blue seeds (which I have no pictures of at this time). The plant also has a thick root which was used medicinally by natives. A tea made from the root was used to treat a variety of ailments such as abdominal cramps, urinary tract infections, and problems with the uterus. The roots may also have contraceptive properties. The root of the plant contains glycosides and alkaloids and many people get a reaction from handling the roots. The seeds of the plant are toxic and should not be eaten.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - To 2m tall, herbaceous, erect, much branched, glabrous, from rhizomes, green. Branches thin and drooping.
Leaves - Alternate and reduced to scales on main stem, glabrous. Leaves of upper branches linear, to 2.5cm long, .5mm broad, in groups of 1-5 per node, glabrous, appearing as if in fascicles like pine needles.
Inflorescence - Single or paired flowers from leaf axils. Pedicels jointed, to +1cm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Perianth segments(tepals) whitish-green, to 6.5mm long, 1.5mm broad, with subscarious margins, rounded to obtuse at apex, glabrous. Stamens 6, adnate at base of perianth segments, included. Filaments to 3mm long, glabrous. Anthers orange, 1.6mm long. Style 1.1mm long, glabrous. Stigmas 3. Ovary superior, 1.8mm long, green, 3-locular. Berries to 1cm in diameter, red, glabrous, with 3-6 seeds.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Pastures, fencerows, old cultivated fields, disturbed sites, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - The flowering period is not really as important with this plant as the sprouting period. This is when you can go out and collect the young shoots to eat. Why spend $2 a pound when you can drive down the road and collect 5 or 6 pounds in less than an hour? You just have to know where to go. White asparagus, very trendy these days, are actually sprouts which have been grown under a layer of mulch so that they do not produce chlorophyll. White and green asparagus come from the same species or even the same plant.
The upper leaves of this species are not really leaves at all but are, in fact, reduced branches. The true leaves are scalelike and on the main stem. A officinalis is a dioecious plant meaning that male (staminate) and female (pistillate) flowers are produced on different plants.
Stems - To 2m tall, herbaceous, erect, much branched, glabrous, from rhizomes, green. Branches thin and drooping.
Leaves - Alternate and reduced to scales on main stem, glabrous. Leaves of upper branches linear, to 2.5cm long, .5mm broad, in groups of 1-5 per node, glabrous, appearing as if in fascicles like pine needles.
Inflorescence - Single or paired flowers from leaf axils. Pedicels jointed, to +1cm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Perianth segments(tepals) whitish-green, to 6.5mm long, 1.5mm broad, with subscarious margins, rounded to obtuse at apex, glabrous. Stamens 6, adnate at base of perianth segments, included. Filaments to 3mm long, glabrous. Anthers orange, 1.6mm long. Style 1.1mm long, glabrous. Stigmas 3. Ovary superior, 1.8mm long, green, 3-locular. Berries to 1cm in diameter, red, glabrous, with 3-6 seeds.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Pastures, fencerows, old cultivated fields, disturbed sites, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - The flowering period is not really as important with this plant as the sprouting period. This is when you can go out and collect the young shoots to eat. Why spend $2 a pound when you can drive down the road and collect 5 or 6 pounds in less than an hour? You just have to know where to go. White asparagus, very trendy these days, are actually sprouts which have been grown under a layer of mulch so that they do not produce chlorophyll. White and green asparagus come from the same species or even the same plant.
The upper leaves of this species are not really leaves at all but are, in fact, reduced branches. The true leaves are scalelike and on the main stem. A officinalis is a dioecious plant meaning that male (staminate) and female (pistillate) flowers are produced on different plants.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Asclepiadaceae
Stems - To +50cm long, erect or ascending, multiple from base, from thick roots, herbaceous, with milky sap, glabrous, often purple-green.
Leaves - Alternate, short petiolate. Petioles to 6mm long, minutely pubescent. Blade ovate-lanceolate, typically truncate at base but also slightly rounded, entire, to 12cm long, 5cm broad, sparse appressed pubescent, apex blunt to emarginate or rounded. Veins often pinkish above.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal umbellate cymes. Peduncles glabrous, green, to -5cm long. Pedicels to 3cm long, puberulent, subtended by linear bracts to 6mm long, -1mm broad.
Flowers - Petals 5, erect, lanceolate-ovate, -2cm long, to 8mm broad, glabrous. Hoods purple, 5-6mm long, margins infolded. Horns absent. Anther head 3mm in diameter, 3mm tall, blackish and green. Pollinia purple and gold, 2-3mm long. Carpels 2, 3.5mm long, enclosed by column. Sepals 5, 5mm long, 2mm broad, lanceolate, pubescent externally. Follicles to 13cm long, sparse pubescent. Seed to +6mm long, broadly ovate to suborbicular. Coma to 4cm long, whitish.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Rocky prairies and glades, fields, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is a beauty and should be cultivated more. The slightly spreading nature and big flower clusters make the plant (I think) very desirable in the garden. The plant would need no care once established. Milkweeds are gaining popularity and I hope this species does also. The plant is very common in Missouri, especially in the southern half of the state. Responsible seed collection would be a simple matter as the follicles are hard to miss.
Stems - To +50cm long, erect or ascending, multiple from base, from thick roots, herbaceous, with milky sap, glabrous, often purple-green.
Leaves - Alternate, short petiolate. Petioles to 6mm long, minutely pubescent. Blade ovate-lanceolate, typically truncate at base but also slightly rounded, entire, to 12cm long, 5cm broad, sparse appressed pubescent, apex blunt to emarginate or rounded. Veins often pinkish above.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal umbellate cymes. Peduncles glabrous, green, to -5cm long. Pedicels to 3cm long, puberulent, subtended by linear bracts to 6mm long, -1mm broad.
Flowers - Petals 5, erect, lanceolate-ovate, -2cm long, to 8mm broad, glabrous. Hoods purple, 5-6mm long, margins infolded. Horns absent. Anther head 3mm in diameter, 3mm tall, blackish and green. Pollinia purple and gold, 2-3mm long. Carpels 2, 3.5mm long, enclosed by column. Sepals 5, 5mm long, 2mm broad, lanceolate, pubescent externally. Follicles to 13cm long, sparse pubescent. Seed to +6mm long, broadly ovate to suborbicular. Coma to 4cm long, whitish.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Rocky prairies and glades, fields, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is a beauty and should be cultivated more. The slightly spreading nature and big flower clusters make the plant (I think) very desirable in the garden. The plant would need no care once established. Milkweeds are gaining popularity and I hope this species does also. The plant is very common in Missouri, especially in the southern half of the state. Responsible seed collection would be a simple matter as the follicles are hard to miss.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Euphorbiaceae
Stems - From a single taproot, erect, branching, herbaceous, often purplish with green vertical striations, glandular pubescent and with vertical lines of tomentoulose hairs extending downward from the leaf petiole bases, to 40cm tall.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-4cm long, puberulent and with some glandular pubescence near the apex, often reddish near the apex. Blades cordate at the base, ovate, acute at the apex, evenly serrate, to +5cm long, 3cm broad, sparse pubescent above and below. Blades appear peltate because of the strongly cordate base.
Inflorescence - Staminate inflorescences axillary, short pedunculate, cylindric, to +/-1cm long. Peduncles tomentose, 3mm long. Flowers dense, with a glabrous pedicel to .3mm long. Pistillate inflorescence terminal, cylindric, sessile, to +/-1.5cm long in flower, quickly elongating in fruit. Flowers dense, sessile. Each pistillate flower subtended by a sessile bract to 1.5mm broad. Bracts 10-lobed (or 5-lobed and the lobes divided), green. Lobes of the bracts linear, .6-.7mm long, aristate. Base of the bracts strigose.
Flowers - Staminate flowers with 4 translucent to green sepals. Sepals ovate, .4mm long, acute, often with some red tinge. Pistillate flowers with 3 styles. Styles deeply divided into long-attenuate to hairlike divisions to 3mm long. The divisions whitened in the apical 1/2. Ovary green, globose, 1mm in diameter in flower, with green papillae on the surface.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Moist open ground, fallow ground, cultivated areas, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This weedy species can be found in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to identify because of its cordate leaves, which appear peltate, and its terminal spike of pistillate flowers.
In cultivated areas and disturbed sites the plant can form large colonies.
Stems - From a single taproot, erect, branching, herbaceous, often purplish with green vertical striations, glandular pubescent and with vertical lines of tomentoulose hairs extending downward from the leaf petiole bases, to 40cm tall.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-4cm long, puberulent and with some glandular pubescence near the apex, often reddish near the apex. Blades cordate at the base, ovate, acute at the apex, evenly serrate, to +5cm long, 3cm broad, sparse pubescent above and below. Blades appear peltate because of the strongly cordate base.
Inflorescence - Staminate inflorescences axillary, short pedunculate, cylindric, to +/-1cm long. Peduncles tomentose, 3mm long. Flowers dense, with a glabrous pedicel to .3mm long. Pistillate inflorescence terminal, cylindric, sessile, to +/-1.5cm long in flower, quickly elongating in fruit. Flowers dense, sessile. Each pistillate flower subtended by a sessile bract to 1.5mm broad. Bracts 10-lobed (or 5-lobed and the lobes divided), green. Lobes of the bracts linear, .6-.7mm long, aristate. Base of the bracts strigose.
Flowers - Staminate flowers with 4 translucent to green sepals. Sepals ovate, .4mm long, acute, often with some red tinge. Pistillate flowers with 3 styles. Styles deeply divided into long-attenuate to hairlike divisions to 3mm long. The divisions whitened in the apical 1/2. Ovary green, globose, 1mm in diameter in flower, with green papillae on the surface.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Moist open ground, fallow ground, cultivated areas, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This weedy species can be found in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to identify because of its cordate leaves, which appear peltate, and its terminal spike of pistillate flowers.
In cultivated areas and disturbed sites the plant can form large colonies.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Araliaceae
Stems - Solitary from big root, to 50cm tall ,glabrous, green, erect, herbaceous, fragrant.
Leaves - Whorled, 3 or 4 in number, palmately 5-foliate. Petioles glabrous, to 10cm long. Petiolules to +/-2cm long, glabrous, with a shallow adaxial groove. Leaflets to +/-10cm long, +/-6cm broad, abruptly acuminate, double serrate, obovate, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Solitary terminal pedunculate umbel with +/-25 flowers. Peduncle to +10cm long, glabrous. Pedicels to 3mm in flower, longer in fruit, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals whitish-green, +/-2mm long, 1.1mm broad, glabrous, slightly keeled abaxially, ovate to subulate, rounded at apex. Stamens 5, erect. Filaments glabrous, 2mm long, greenish-white. Anthers whitish, 1.1mm long. Style(s) green, glabrous, to 1.5mm long. Calyx green, glabrous, 2mm long in flower, 5-toothed. Teeth minute, broadly triangular, acute, .5mm long. Ovary inferior, 2-locular, with a nectariferous ring at apex. Drupes red when ripe, to 1cm broad, glabrous.
Flowering - June - July.
Habitat - Wooded slopes, moist ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - "Ginseng", as this popular species is often called, is becoming very rare in Missouri and over much of its range due to over-collecting for medicinal use. The plant is believed to have medicinal uses ranging from an being an aphrodisiac to a cancer fighter. Because of the high demand for the plant, it is rarely found growing wild.
Populations of this species have been successfully cultivated and this may be its only chance for survival as a species.
Stems - Solitary from big root, to 50cm tall ,glabrous, green, erect, herbaceous, fragrant.
Leaves - Whorled, 3 or 4 in number, palmately 5-foliate. Petioles glabrous, to 10cm long. Petiolules to +/-2cm long, glabrous, with a shallow adaxial groove. Leaflets to +/-10cm long, +/-6cm broad, abruptly acuminate, double serrate, obovate, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Solitary terminal pedunculate umbel with +/-25 flowers. Peduncle to +10cm long, glabrous. Pedicels to 3mm in flower, longer in fruit, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals whitish-green, +/-2mm long, 1.1mm broad, glabrous, slightly keeled abaxially, ovate to subulate, rounded at apex. Stamens 5, erect. Filaments glabrous, 2mm long, greenish-white. Anthers whitish, 1.1mm long. Style(s) green, glabrous, to 1.5mm long. Calyx green, glabrous, 2mm long in flower, 5-toothed. Teeth minute, broadly triangular, acute, .5mm long. Ovary inferior, 2-locular, with a nectariferous ring at apex. Drupes red when ripe, to 1cm broad, glabrous.
Flowering - June - July.
Habitat - Wooded slopes, moist ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - "Ginseng", as this popular species is often called, is becoming very rare in Missouri and over much of its range due to over-collecting for medicinal use. The plant is believed to have medicinal uses ranging from an being an aphrodisiac to a cancer fighter. Because of the high demand for the plant, it is rarely found growing wild.
Populations of this species have been successfully cultivated and this may be its only chance for survival as a species.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Brassicaceae
Stems - Herbaceous, erect, from rhizomes, glabrous, green or becoming purple in the strong sun, ribbed, to +/-35cm tall, branching.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, deeply pinnatifid. Basal leaves to -10cm long, 2-2.5cm broad, with +/-6 main divisions per side. Cauline leaves similar but reduced. All leaves glabrous or with very few short hairs. Divisions of the leaves toothed. Upper leaves with thinner and fewer divisions than the lower. Tissue connecting the divisions of the leaves .2-.3mm broad (use a lens to see).
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes to +10cm long. Axis glabrous. Pedicels to 4mm long in flower, expanding to +/-1cm long in fruit, glabrous. Inflorescence compact in flower, quickly expanding. Siliques to 1cm long, 1mm in diameter, cylindric but slightly compressed, glabrous, with a beak to 1mm long.
Flowers - Petals 4, distinct, spatulate, yellow, glabrous, to +4mm long, 1.5mm broad, rounded at the apex. Stamens 6, erect, 4 larger and 2 smaller. Filaments yellow, glabrous, to 3mm long. Anthers yellow, 1mm long. Ovary cylindric, green-yellow, glabrous, 2mm long in flower, superior. Style .5mm long. Stigmas globose-capitate, .7mm broad. Sepals 4, distinct, yellow, erect to spreading, cupped, mostly glabrous but often with a few hairs at the apex externally, entire, 2-2.5mm long, to 1mm broad, subulate.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Moist low ground, streambanks, wet fields and meadows.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This little species can be found scattered throughout Missouri. The plant can be identified by its yellow flower petals, which are 4-8mm long, and its pinnately divided leaves, which have toothed margins. The wet habitat of the plant and its creeping stems with fibrous roots are other good characteristics to look for.
Stems - Herbaceous, erect, from rhizomes, glabrous, green or becoming purple in the strong sun, ribbed, to +/-35cm tall, branching.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, deeply pinnatifid. Basal leaves to -10cm long, 2-2.5cm broad, with +/-6 main divisions per side. Cauline leaves similar but reduced. All leaves glabrous or with very few short hairs. Divisions of the leaves toothed. Upper leaves with thinner and fewer divisions than the lower. Tissue connecting the divisions of the leaves .2-.3mm broad (use a lens to see).
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes to +10cm long. Axis glabrous. Pedicels to 4mm long in flower, expanding to +/-1cm long in fruit, glabrous. Inflorescence compact in flower, quickly expanding. Siliques to 1cm long, 1mm in diameter, cylindric but slightly compressed, glabrous, with a beak to 1mm long.
Flowers - Petals 4, distinct, spatulate, yellow, glabrous, to +4mm long, 1.5mm broad, rounded at the apex. Stamens 6, erect, 4 larger and 2 smaller. Filaments yellow, glabrous, to 3mm long. Anthers yellow, 1mm long. Ovary cylindric, green-yellow, glabrous, 2mm long in flower, superior. Style .5mm long. Stigmas globose-capitate, .7mm broad. Sepals 4, distinct, yellow, erect to spreading, cupped, mostly glabrous but often with a few hairs at the apex externally, entire, 2-2.5mm long, to 1mm broad, subulate.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Moist low ground, streambanks, wet fields and meadows.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This little species can be found scattered throughout Missouri. The plant can be identified by its yellow flower petals, which are 4-8mm long, and its pinnately divided leaves, which have toothed margins. The wet habitat of the plant and its creeping stems with fibrous roots are other good characteristics to look for.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Rosaceae
Stems - To .75m tall, multiple from base, erect to ascending, herbaceous, from a taproot, branching, hirsute (hairs with swollen bases), green but becoming dark red in strong sun.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, petiolate, stipulate, much reduced upward. Stipules typically 4-5-lobed, to 3cm long, sparse pubescent above, ciliate-margined. Lobes acute. Petioles to 10cm long, hirsute, with adaxial groove. Lateral leaflets sessile, hirsute, ovate-oblong, to 5cm long, 3cm broad, serrate. Teeth acute, often with reddish tips. Terminal leaflet oval to broadly elliptic, on petiolule to 7mm long, hirsute.
Inflorescence - Axillary bracteate cymes. Pedicels to 9mm long(in flower), elongating in fruit, pilose to hirsute.
Flowers - To +/-1.2cm broad. Petals 5, distinct, yellow, glabrous, emarginate, 3.5mm long, 3mm broad. Stamens many(+/-20). Filaments yellowish, to 2mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .4mm broad. Carpels many, yellowish. Hypanthium flattish, 5-6mm in diameter, densely pubescent. Sepals 5, accrescent, subtended by 5 bracts. Sepals and bracts deep green and typically with reddish tips. Sepals acuminate, 5mm long, 3mm broad at base. Bracts lance-oblong, 4-5mm long, 2mm broad, acute, ciliate-margined, appressed pubescent. Achenes brownish, rugose, to 1.3mm long.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Fields, meadows, pastures, prairies, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is found scattered throughout the state of Missouri. Our plants belong to variety norvegica which has hirsute stems and leaves. Another variety, var. labradorica (Lehm.) Fern., has glabrous stems and leaves but does not occur in our area.
Stems - To .75m tall, multiple from base, erect to ascending, herbaceous, from a taproot, branching, hirsute (hairs with swollen bases), green but becoming dark red in strong sun.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, petiolate, stipulate, much reduced upward. Stipules typically 4-5-lobed, to 3cm long, sparse pubescent above, ciliate-margined. Lobes acute. Petioles to 10cm long, hirsute, with adaxial groove. Lateral leaflets sessile, hirsute, ovate-oblong, to 5cm long, 3cm broad, serrate. Teeth acute, often with reddish tips. Terminal leaflet oval to broadly elliptic, on petiolule to 7mm long, hirsute.
Inflorescence - Axillary bracteate cymes. Pedicels to 9mm long(in flower), elongating in fruit, pilose to hirsute.
Flowers - To +/-1.2cm broad. Petals 5, distinct, yellow, glabrous, emarginate, 3.5mm long, 3mm broad. Stamens many(+/-20). Filaments yellowish, to 2mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .4mm broad. Carpels many, yellowish. Hypanthium flattish, 5-6mm in diameter, densely pubescent. Sepals 5, accrescent, subtended by 5 bracts. Sepals and bracts deep green and typically with reddish tips. Sepals acuminate, 5mm long, 3mm broad at base. Bracts lance-oblong, 4-5mm long, 2mm broad, acute, ciliate-margined, appressed pubescent. Achenes brownish, rugose, to 1.3mm long.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Fields, meadows, pastures, prairies, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is found scattered throughout the state of Missouri. Our plants belong to variety norvegica which has hirsute stems and leaves. Another variety, var. labradorica (Lehm.) Fern., has glabrous stems and leaves but does not occur in our area.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Solanaceae
Stems - To +1m tall, from caudex (well below ground), herbaceous, angled, purple-green, glabrous or with a few appressed hairs on angles (strigillose), minutely winged on angles, (wings -1mm broad), branching (divergent) above, typically erect but also reclining with age.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Blade lanceolate to ovate, glabrous or sparse pubescent above, typically oblique at base, to +15cm long, +9cm broad. Margins entire to sinuate or coarsely dentate. Midrib purple with antrorse appressed pubescence. Petiole to +4cm long, winged.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers on peduncle to 2cm long. Peduncles antrorse strigillose, elongating in fruit.
Flowers - Pendant. Corolla funnelform, +2cm broad, sparse pubescent externally, dense pubescent(tomentose) internally in tube, yellow with purple at base. Corolla tube 5-6mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube. Filaments thick, purple, clavate, glabrous, 5-6mm long. Anthers yellow 3.5mm long. Ovary green, glabrous, subglobose, 2-locular. Calyx tubular, 5-lobed, antrorse strigose. Tube to 5mm long. Lobes acuminate, to 6mm long, 4mm broad at base. Calyx tube inflating at maturity and surrounding fruit, to 3cm long, -3cm in diameter. Fruit pendant.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Rich woods, ravines, bases of slopes, streambanks, thickets, pastures, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Steyermark lists 4 variations for this species. I will not go into those here as it may be that they are no longer considered valid. Regardless, Physalis longifolia is probably the most common species in the genus found in Missouri. The plant can look like a little "tree" with a single straight stem and "canopy" of branches near the apex, or, the plant can grow very low and almost sprawl.
The "Tomatilla", which is found in many stores now, is also from the genus Physalis. Some of our species are edible while raw, some need to be cooked first. P. longifolia should be cooked first.
Stems - To +1m tall, from caudex (well below ground), herbaceous, angled, purple-green, glabrous or with a few appressed hairs on angles (strigillose), minutely winged on angles, (wings -1mm broad), branching (divergent) above, typically erect but also reclining with age.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Blade lanceolate to ovate, glabrous or sparse pubescent above, typically oblique at base, to +15cm long, +9cm broad. Margins entire to sinuate or coarsely dentate. Midrib purple with antrorse appressed pubescence. Petiole to +4cm long, winged.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers on peduncle to 2cm long. Peduncles antrorse strigillose, elongating in fruit.
Flowers - Pendant. Corolla funnelform, +2cm broad, sparse pubescent externally, dense pubescent(tomentose) internally in tube, yellow with purple at base. Corolla tube 5-6mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube. Filaments thick, purple, clavate, glabrous, 5-6mm long. Anthers yellow 3.5mm long. Ovary green, glabrous, subglobose, 2-locular. Calyx tubular, 5-lobed, antrorse strigose. Tube to 5mm long. Lobes acuminate, to 6mm long, 4mm broad at base. Calyx tube inflating at maturity and surrounding fruit, to 3cm long, -3cm in diameter. Fruit pendant.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Rich woods, ravines, bases of slopes, streambanks, thickets, pastures, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Steyermark lists 4 variations for this species. I will not go into those here as it may be that they are no longer considered valid. Regardless, Physalis longifolia is probably the most common species in the genus found in Missouri. The plant can look like a little "tree" with a single straight stem and "canopy" of branches near the apex, or, the plant can grow very low and almost sprawl.
The "Tomatilla", which is found in many stores now, is also from the genus Physalis. Some of our species are edible while raw, some need to be cooked first. P. longifolia should be cooked first.
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