文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Onagraceae
Stems - From a big taproot, multiple from the base, ascending, herbaceous, solid, green, branching, to +50cm long, antrorse puberulent and antrorse villous (especially near the apex) (the hairs villous hairs with pustulate bases).
Leaves - Alternate, sessile or with short petioles to 2-3mm long, laciniate, oblong to elliptic or lanceolate in outline, to 9-10cm long, +/-2cm broad, pubescent with short and long hairs as the stem, flat-green above and below. The translucent-whitish midrib contrasting with the leaf tissue. Margins ciliate.
Inflorescence - Sessile flowers from the leaf axils, one flower per leaf.
Flowers - Petals 4, pale yellow, obcordate, to 1.5cm broad and long, glabrous, borne at the apex of the flora tube. Stamens 8, erect, exserted, borne at the apex of the floral tube. Filaments glabrous, yellow, +/-1cm long. Anthers yellow, 5mm long, dorsifixed. Style 1, to +/-3.5cm long, translucent basally, yellowish apically, glabrous, mostly included in the floral tube but exserted +/-1cm. Stigmas yellow, 4, spreading, 5-7mm long. Sepals 4, linear-subulate, to -2cm long, +/-3mm broad at the base, glabrous internally, villous and glandular pubescent externally, remaining joined at the apices and reflexed to one side at anthesis. Floral tube to +/-2.5cm long, -2mm in diameter, villous and with short, glandular hairs, with a reddish tinge. Ovary cylindric, villous and with short antrorse puberulent hairs, 1.2cm long, -2mm in diameter (in flower), quickly expanding in fruit, green, 8-ribbed, with many ovules.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Fallow fields, alluvial soils, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is low growing and easy to ID in the field because of its toothed leaves and pale yellow flowers. The flowers of this species open at night and close when hit by strong sunlight.
Although typically hairy as mentioned above, this species can sometimes be glabrate.
Stems - From a big taproot, multiple from the base, ascending, herbaceous, solid, green, branching, to +50cm long, antrorse puberulent and antrorse villous (especially near the apex) (the hairs villous hairs with pustulate bases).
Leaves - Alternate, sessile or with short petioles to 2-3mm long, laciniate, oblong to elliptic or lanceolate in outline, to 9-10cm long, +/-2cm broad, pubescent with short and long hairs as the stem, flat-green above and below. The translucent-whitish midrib contrasting with the leaf tissue. Margins ciliate.
Inflorescence - Sessile flowers from the leaf axils, one flower per leaf.
Flowers - Petals 4, pale yellow, obcordate, to 1.5cm broad and long, glabrous, borne at the apex of the flora tube. Stamens 8, erect, exserted, borne at the apex of the floral tube. Filaments glabrous, yellow, +/-1cm long. Anthers yellow, 5mm long, dorsifixed. Style 1, to +/-3.5cm long, translucent basally, yellowish apically, glabrous, mostly included in the floral tube but exserted +/-1cm. Stigmas yellow, 4, spreading, 5-7mm long. Sepals 4, linear-subulate, to -2cm long, +/-3mm broad at the base, glabrous internally, villous and glandular pubescent externally, remaining joined at the apices and reflexed to one side at anthesis. Floral tube to +/-2.5cm long, -2mm in diameter, villous and with short, glandular hairs, with a reddish tinge. Ovary cylindric, villous and with short antrorse puberulent hairs, 1.2cm long, -2mm in diameter (in flower), quickly expanding in fruit, green, 8-ribbed, with many ovules.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Fallow fields, alluvial soils, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is low growing and easy to ID in the field because of its toothed leaves and pale yellow flowers. The flowers of this species open at night and close when hit by strong sunlight.
Although typically hairy as mentioned above, this species can sometimes be glabrate.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Tiliaceae
Stems - A tree to 40m, with a single trunk or, typically, with more than two.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petiole to 10cm long, glabrous. Blade oblique at base, acuminate, serrate, to 20cm long, lower surface lighter green than upper surface and with hairs in tufts in axils of nerves, upper surface mostly glabrous. Teeth of blade with minute cilia on margins.
Inflorescence - Axillary open pendulous cymes from new seasons growth, with 5-8 flowers. Peduncle adnate to white bract for about half it's length, glabrous. Bract to +/-8cm long, to -1.5cm broad, glabrous except for few hairs near axil with peduncle, creamy-white. Pedicels to 7.5mm long, green, 1mm in diameter, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 5, greenish-white, alternating with sepals, 7.5mm long, 3mm broad, cupped. Stamens many. Filaments white to pale yellow, to 4mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 1mm long. Style 5mm long, mostly glabrous but with tufts of hairs near base. Ovary globose, 2.1mm in diameter, tomentose, 5-locular. Sepals 5, free, ovate-lanceolate, to 6mm long, 3mm broad, greenish white, with nectary at base, (appearing as translucent hump). Fruit ovoid to spherical, 4-5mm in diameter, tome
Stems - A tree to 40m, with a single trunk or, typically, with more than two.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petiole to 10cm long, glabrous. Blade oblique at base, acuminate, serrate, to 20cm long, lower surface lighter green than upper surface and with hairs in tufts in axils of nerves, upper surface mostly glabrous. Teeth of blade with minute cilia on margins.
Inflorescence - Axillary open pendulous cymes from new seasons growth, with 5-8 flowers. Peduncle adnate to white bract for about half it's length, glabrous. Bract to +/-8cm long, to -1.5cm broad, glabrous except for few hairs near axil with peduncle, creamy-white. Pedicels to 7.5mm long, green, 1mm in diameter, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 5, greenish-white, alternating with sepals, 7.5mm long, 3mm broad, cupped. Stamens many. Filaments white to pale yellow, to 4mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 1mm long. Style 5mm long, mostly glabrous but with tufts of hairs near base. Ovary globose, 2.1mm in diameter, tomentose, 5-locular. Sepals 5, free, ovate-lanceolate, to 6mm long, 3mm broad, greenish white, with nectary at base, (appearing as translucent hump). Fruit ovoid to spherical, 4-5mm in diameter, tome
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Euphorbiaceae
Stems - To +30cm tall, from creeping rhizomes and stout roots, erect, herbaceous, with milky sap, green, terete, multiple from the base, simple except in the inflorescence, glabrous.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, dense on the stem, spreading, to +/-3cm long, 2-3mm broad, linear, entire, rounded to acute at the apex, with a single midrib, dark green or with a reddish-purple tinge, glabrous. Margins slightly revolute.
Inflorescence - Terminal umbel with 10 or more main rays. Flowers terminating the dense branches of the inflorescence. Branches of the inflorescence glabrous, the main ones to +2cm long. Pedicels of the flowers glabrous and very short (1-2mm long). Flowers subtended by an involucre of 2 bracts. Bracts green to yellow, reniform, glabrous, cupped around the flowers.
Flowers - Cyathia greenish to yellow, 2-3mm long, with 4 yellowish glands at the apex. Glands 1-1.5mm broad, 1mm long, with 2 horn-like projections at each end. The projections .5mm long. Tissue of the cyathia between the glands erose. Ovary partially exserted beyond the cyathia, 3-sided, with 3 locules (one ovule per locule), -1mm long and broad in flower, on a stalk to 1mm long, both stalk and ovary green, glabrous. Styles 3, united in the basal 1/3, 1mm long, green, glabrous, divided at the apices into 6 stigmas. Stamens many, included or partially exserted from the cyathia. Filaments white, glabrous, to 2mm long. Anthers green, bilobed, .7mm broad, .5mm long.
Flowering - April - August.
Habitat - Cultivated and escaped to fields and roadsides, also found around old homesites.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This attractive species can be found cultivated throughout much of Missouri and is persistent around old homesites and cemeteries. Since the plant rarely produces viable seed, it has not become more widespread and weedy. The plant grows easily from a rhizome cutting and requires little care once established.
Steyermark wrote that the plant was used medicinally but poisoning occurred in cases of overuse.
Stems - To +30cm tall, from creeping rhizomes and stout roots, erect, herbaceous, with milky sap, green, terete, multiple from the base, simple except in the inflorescence, glabrous.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, dense on the stem, spreading, to +/-3cm long, 2-3mm broad, linear, entire, rounded to acute at the apex, with a single midrib, dark green or with a reddish-purple tinge, glabrous. Margins slightly revolute.
Inflorescence - Terminal umbel with 10 or more main rays. Flowers terminating the dense branches of the inflorescence. Branches of the inflorescence glabrous, the main ones to +2cm long. Pedicels of the flowers glabrous and very short (1-2mm long). Flowers subtended by an involucre of 2 bracts. Bracts green to yellow, reniform, glabrous, cupped around the flowers.
Flowers - Cyathia greenish to yellow, 2-3mm long, with 4 yellowish glands at the apex. Glands 1-1.5mm broad, 1mm long, with 2 horn-like projections at each end. The projections .5mm long. Tissue of the cyathia between the glands erose. Ovary partially exserted beyond the cyathia, 3-sided, with 3 locules (one ovule per locule), -1mm long and broad in flower, on a stalk to 1mm long, both stalk and ovary green, glabrous. Styles 3, united in the basal 1/3, 1mm long, green, glabrous, divided at the apices into 6 stigmas. Stamens many, included or partially exserted from the cyathia. Filaments white, glabrous, to 2mm long. Anthers green, bilobed, .7mm broad, .5mm long.
Flowering - April - August.
Habitat - Cultivated and escaped to fields and roadsides, also found around old homesites.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This attractive species can be found cultivated throughout much of Missouri and is persistent around old homesites and cemeteries. Since the plant rarely produces viable seed, it has not become more widespread and weedy. The plant grows easily from a rhizome cutting and requires little care once established.
Steyermark wrote that the plant was used medicinally but poisoning occurred in cases of overuse.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Erect, multiple from base, branching, herbaceous, glabrous, often glaucous, light green with darker green striate nerves, terete, solid, annual from a taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, auriculate-clasping. Lowest leaves elliptic, shallow serrate, to +10cm long, 3-4cm broad, gradually reduced upward, light green, acute, with antrorse strigose margins. Upper leaves becoming ovate.
Inflorescence - Single, long-peduncled, terminal flower head. Peduncle expanded just below the involucre.
Involucre - +/-2cm broad, with +/-10 phyllaries. Phyllaries spreading, subulate, 3-8mm long, +/-2mm broad at base, entire, glabrous, with antrorse strigose margins.
Ray flowers - +/-8 per flower head. Ligule oblong, 1-2cm long, +/-1cm broad, orangish-yellow and red to maroon at the base, antrorse pubescent below, glabrous above. Corolla tube 1mm long, pubescent externally with yellowish hairs. Pappus absent. Achene 2mm long in flower, 4-angled, pubescent on the angles.
Disk flowers - Disk conical at first and quickly becoming columnar, to +3cm tall, to +1.5cm in diameter. Flowers 5-lobed. Corolla tube glabrous externally, whitish green in the basal half, purplish with darker purple nerves in the apical half. Lobes spreading to reflexed, .3-.5mm long, .2mm broad at base, acute, yellow internally. Stamens 5, adnate near the base of the corolla tube. Filaments white, glabrous, -1mm long. Anthers dark purple, 1.5mm long, connate around the style, partially exserted. Style translucent in basal half, purple in apical half, 2mm long, bifurcate. Stigmas 2mm long, dark purple, pubescent in apical half. Pappus absent. Achene glabrous, white in flower, 2mm long in flower. Mature achene black, glabrous, +?-3mm long. Receptacle glabrous, with chaff. Chaff acute, translucent-white with two dark stripes near the margins and green at the apex, ciliolate at the apex, glabrous below, +/-5mm long.
Flowering - June - July.
Habitat - Prairies, chert barrens along streams, waste ground, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive species can be found in just a few western Missouri counties in the prairie region. The plant is easy to identify becasue of its clasping leaves and distinctive columnar disks. It is an easy species to grow and would make a good garden subject.
Stems - Erect, multiple from base, branching, herbaceous, glabrous, often glaucous, light green with darker green striate nerves, terete, solid, annual from a taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, auriculate-clasping. Lowest leaves elliptic, shallow serrate, to +10cm long, 3-4cm broad, gradually reduced upward, light green, acute, with antrorse strigose margins. Upper leaves becoming ovate.
Inflorescence - Single, long-peduncled, terminal flower head. Peduncle expanded just below the involucre.
Involucre - +/-2cm broad, with +/-10 phyllaries. Phyllaries spreading, subulate, 3-8mm long, +/-2mm broad at base, entire, glabrous, with antrorse strigose margins.
Ray flowers - +/-8 per flower head. Ligule oblong, 1-2cm long, +/-1cm broad, orangish-yellow and red to maroon at the base, antrorse pubescent below, glabrous above. Corolla tube 1mm long, pubescent externally with yellowish hairs. Pappus absent. Achene 2mm long in flower, 4-angled, pubescent on the angles.
Disk flowers - Disk conical at first and quickly becoming columnar, to +3cm tall, to +1.5cm in diameter. Flowers 5-lobed. Corolla tube glabrous externally, whitish green in the basal half, purplish with darker purple nerves in the apical half. Lobes spreading to reflexed, .3-.5mm long, .2mm broad at base, acute, yellow internally. Stamens 5, adnate near the base of the corolla tube. Filaments white, glabrous, -1mm long. Anthers dark purple, 1.5mm long, connate around the style, partially exserted. Style translucent in basal half, purple in apical half, 2mm long, bifurcate. Stigmas 2mm long, dark purple, pubescent in apical half. Pappus absent. Achene glabrous, white in flower, 2mm long in flower. Mature achene black, glabrous, +?-3mm long. Receptacle glabrous, with chaff. Chaff acute, translucent-white with two dark stripes near the margins and green at the apex, ciliolate at the apex, glabrous below, +/-5mm long.
Flowering - June - July.
Habitat - Prairies, chert barrens along streams, waste ground, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive species can be found in just a few western Missouri counties in the prairie region. The plant is easy to identify becasue of its clasping leaves and distinctive columnar disks. It is an easy species to grow and would make a good garden subject.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Fumariaceae
Stems - To 30cm tall, multiple from base or simple, from stout taproot, branching above, sub-succulent, angled, erect to ascending, glaucous, reddish.
Leaves - Alternate, glabrous, glaucous, dull green. Lowest leaves petiolate (the petioles to +7cm long), pinnately divided. Ultimate divisions entire, acute to mucronate. Upper leaves sessile or short petiolate, reduced, pinnately lobed. Lobes entire, acute to mucronate.
Inflorescence - Axillary racemes to 8cm long, elongating in fruit. Flowers on pedicels 7-10mm long. Pedicels elongating and drooping in fruit, glabrous. Each pedicels subtended by a glabrous foliaceous bract. Bracts to 1cm long, 7mm broad, acute.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, irregular. Petals 4, unequal, slightly joined at base. Uppermost petal spurred, to 1cm long, glabrous. Apex of upper petal toothed, undulate, to 5mm broad. Spur to -3mm long, curved downward slightly. Inner 2 petals connate around the 6 stamens. Stamens diadelphous. Sepals 2, early deciduous.
Fruit - Terete to slightly compressed capsule to 2.5cm long, 2.5mm in diameter, glabrous, pendant. Seeds black, shiny, 2mm in diameter, with a tuberculate keel.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Moist slopes, low woods, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The woodland plants are some of the earliest to bloom in Missouri. This plant is no exception. The little yellow flowers are easy to find along slopes and ravines in spring. You will most likely find this plant accompanied by others such as Dicentra, Asarum, Phlox, and Ranunculus.
Stems - To 30cm tall, multiple from base or simple, from stout taproot, branching above, sub-succulent, angled, erect to ascending, glaucous, reddish.
Leaves - Alternate, glabrous, glaucous, dull green. Lowest leaves petiolate (the petioles to +7cm long), pinnately divided. Ultimate divisions entire, acute to mucronate. Upper leaves sessile or short petiolate, reduced, pinnately lobed. Lobes entire, acute to mucronate.
Inflorescence - Axillary racemes to 8cm long, elongating in fruit. Flowers on pedicels 7-10mm long. Pedicels elongating and drooping in fruit, glabrous. Each pedicels subtended by a glabrous foliaceous bract. Bracts to 1cm long, 7mm broad, acute.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, irregular. Petals 4, unequal, slightly joined at base. Uppermost petal spurred, to 1cm long, glabrous. Apex of upper petal toothed, undulate, to 5mm broad. Spur to -3mm long, curved downward slightly. Inner 2 petals connate around the 6 stamens. Stamens diadelphous. Sepals 2, early deciduous.
Fruit - Terete to slightly compressed capsule to 2.5cm long, 2.5mm in diameter, glabrous, pendant. Seeds black, shiny, 2mm in diameter, with a tuberculate keel.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Moist slopes, low woods, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The woodland plants are some of the earliest to bloom in Missouri. This plant is no exception. The little yellow flowers are easy to find along slopes and ravines in spring. You will most likely find this plant accompanied by others such as Dicentra, Asarum, Phlox, and Ranunculus.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To -1m tall, erect, single from base but branching in upper half, densely pilose with long and short hairs(short hairs often glandular and viscid), herbaceous, with light green vertical lines, from thin branching taproot or fibrous roots.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, oblong to oblong-linear, pilose, entire (lower leaves sometimes dentate), to +4cm long, -1cm broad, acute to mucronate, dense on stem.
Inflorescence - Loose clusters of terminal flower heads. Each flower head long pedunculate.
Involucre - To 7mm tall(long), 6.5mm in diameter. Phyllaries imbricate, pilose externally, glabrous internally, linear, the longest to 6mm, with scarious margins.
Ray flowers - Fertile, pistillate. Ligules yellow, 8mm long, 2.2mm broad, glabrous. Tube pubescent. Achenes (in flower) pubescent, 1.1mm long, compressed. Pappus of outer series of scales to 1mm long and inner series of capillary bristles to 5mm long.
Disk flowers - Disk 5-6mm in diameter. Corolla tubes to 3mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, .5mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube, included. Anthers yellow, connate around style, 2mm long. Style bifurcate. Stigmas barbellate. Achenes (in flower) pubescent, ovoid and compressed, 2mm long. Pappus same as in ray flowers. Fruiting head brownish-tan and globose. Fruiting achenes 10-nerved.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Rocky dry prairies, fields, glades, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the southern Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field. The pilose stems and bright golden flowers are good characteristics to look for. The species is sometimes used in native landscaping and deserves more attention in cultivation.
Stems - To -1m tall, erect, single from base but branching in upper half, densely pilose with long and short hairs(short hairs often glandular and viscid), herbaceous, with light green vertical lines, from thin branching taproot or fibrous roots.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, oblong to oblong-linear, pilose, entire (lower leaves sometimes dentate), to +4cm long, -1cm broad, acute to mucronate, dense on stem.
Inflorescence - Loose clusters of terminal flower heads. Each flower head long pedunculate.
Involucre - To 7mm tall(long), 6.5mm in diameter. Phyllaries imbricate, pilose externally, glabrous internally, linear, the longest to 6mm, with scarious margins.
Ray flowers - Fertile, pistillate. Ligules yellow, 8mm long, 2.2mm broad, glabrous. Tube pubescent. Achenes (in flower) pubescent, 1.1mm long, compressed. Pappus of outer series of scales to 1mm long and inner series of capillary bristles to 5mm long.
Disk flowers - Disk 5-6mm in diameter. Corolla tubes to 3mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, .5mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube, included. Anthers yellow, connate around style, 2mm long. Style bifurcate. Stigmas barbellate. Achenes (in flower) pubescent, ovoid and compressed, 2mm long. Pappus same as in ray flowers. Fruiting head brownish-tan and globose. Fruiting achenes 10-nerved.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Rocky dry prairies, fields, glades, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the southern Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field. The pilose stems and bright golden flowers are good characteristics to look for. The species is sometimes used in native landscaping and deserves more attention in cultivation.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Brassicaceae
Stems - To +80cm tall, bluish-green, glabrous, glaucous, herbaceous, erect, branching above, typically single from base, from taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, glabrous, glaucous. Basal leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, dentate, to +15cm long. Auricles rounded. Cauline leaves sessile, clasping, auriculate, reduced above, to 9cm long, 3cm broad. Auricles rounded and broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal racemes, compact in flower and elongating in fruit to +30cm. Pedicels 6-10cm long in flower, elongating in fruit to +3cm and eventually at or near perpendicular to the axis of the inflorescence, glabrous, glaucous.
Flowers - Petals 4, yellow, clawed, glabrous. Claw to 5mm long, pale yellow to whitish. Limb to 5mm long, 4mm broad, rounded to blunt at apex. Stamens 6, 4 larger and 2 smaller (the two smaller stamens opposite and outside of the larger stamens). Filaments to 7mm long, glabrous, yellow-green. Anthers yellow, 2mm long. Ovary glabrous, green, terete, 4-5mm long. Style 1.7mm long, persistent in fruit. Stigma capitate. Sepals 4, 6-7mm long, to 2mm broad, linear, glabrous, yellow-green, erect to spreading, often with revolute margins. Siliques to +6cm long, terete, ascending and almost parallel with the axis of inflorescence, beaked, glabrous. Beak to 9mm long.
Flowering - April - September.
Habitat - Roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This is the species plant which gives rise to the Rutabaga. Chromosome numbers show that, originally, the plant was a hybrid between B. campestris L. (Turnip) and B. oleracea L. (Cabbage, Broccoli, etc.).
B. napusis not commonly found wild in Missouri but is beginning to spread throughout the state.
Stems - To +80cm tall, bluish-green, glabrous, glaucous, herbaceous, erect, branching above, typically single from base, from taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, glabrous, glaucous. Basal leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, dentate, to +15cm long. Auricles rounded. Cauline leaves sessile, clasping, auriculate, reduced above, to 9cm long, 3cm broad. Auricles rounded and broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal racemes, compact in flower and elongating in fruit to +30cm. Pedicels 6-10cm long in flower, elongating in fruit to +3cm and eventually at or near perpendicular to the axis of the inflorescence, glabrous, glaucous.
Flowers - Petals 4, yellow, clawed, glabrous. Claw to 5mm long, pale yellow to whitish. Limb to 5mm long, 4mm broad, rounded to blunt at apex. Stamens 6, 4 larger and 2 smaller (the two smaller stamens opposite and outside of the larger stamens). Filaments to 7mm long, glabrous, yellow-green. Anthers yellow, 2mm long. Ovary glabrous, green, terete, 4-5mm long. Style 1.7mm long, persistent in fruit. Stigma capitate. Sepals 4, 6-7mm long, to 2mm broad, linear, glabrous, yellow-green, erect to spreading, often with revolute margins. Siliques to +6cm long, terete, ascending and almost parallel with the axis of inflorescence, beaked, glabrous. Beak to 9mm long.
Flowering - April - September.
Habitat - Roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This is the species plant which gives rise to the Rutabaga. Chromosome numbers show that, originally, the plant was a hybrid between B. campestris L. (Turnip) and B. oleracea L. (Cabbage, Broccoli, etc.).
B. napusis not commonly found wild in Missouri but is beginning to spread throughout the state.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Plant acaulescent. Leaves and flowering stems from a big vertical taproot, with milky sap. Taproot woody.
Leaves - Leaves in a basal rosette, sessile, linear-attenuate, white at the partially sheathing base, mainly dark green with an adaxial white strip along the midrib, to 20cm long, 1.5cm broad at the base, typically folded. Margins entire, often sinuous, fringed with dense white hairs. Abaxial surface of the leaf with long whitish pubescence on the veins. Adaxial surface with lanate-tomentose pubescence on the midvein. The hairs of the plant multicellular.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating the flowering scape, typically one per plant. Scape (peduncle) to +/-15cm tall, lanate-tomentose, fistulose, carinate, appearing gray because of the pubescence.
Involucre - Phyllaries imbricate or overlapping but subequal in length, spreading at the apices, to -2cm long, 5-6mm broad, lanceolate, acuminate, light green with a brown mid-portion, glabrous. Inner phyllaries slightly smaller than the outer.
Ray flowers - Flower head to 5cm broad. Flowers many per head. Corolla tube whitish, densely antrorse pubescent externally, 1cm long. Ligule yellow adaxially, with a brown mid-stripe abaxially, 4-5-notched at the apex (the teeth to .75mm long), pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, to 2cm long, 5mm broad. Stamens 5, adnate near the apex of the corolla tube. Filaments translucent-yellow, 2mm long, glabrous. Anthers orange, exserted, to +5mm long, connate around the style. Style yellow, antrorse pubescent, bifurcate at the apex for 1-2mm (the ends spreading). Achenes (in flower) green, glabrous, ribbed, 1.5mm long, cylindric. Pappus of white capillary bristles to +1cm long. The bristles antrorse barbellate. Receptacle flat.
Disk flowers - Absent.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Glades and rocky prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is one of the most uncommon plants in Missouri only being found in 4 counties thus far. It is locally abundant in some areas, however. The plant is easy to identify in the field because of its habitat, dandelion-like flower heads, and grayish hairy leaves and scapes. The big taproot helps the plant to survive in its harsh glade habitat.
Stems - Plant acaulescent. Leaves and flowering stems from a big vertical taproot, with milky sap. Taproot woody.
Leaves - Leaves in a basal rosette, sessile, linear-attenuate, white at the partially sheathing base, mainly dark green with an adaxial white strip along the midrib, to 20cm long, 1.5cm broad at the base, typically folded. Margins entire, often sinuous, fringed with dense white hairs. Abaxial surface of the leaf with long whitish pubescence on the veins. Adaxial surface with lanate-tomentose pubescence on the midvein. The hairs of the plant multicellular.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating the flowering scape, typically one per plant. Scape (peduncle) to +/-15cm tall, lanate-tomentose, fistulose, carinate, appearing gray because of the pubescence.
Involucre - Phyllaries imbricate or overlapping but subequal in length, spreading at the apices, to -2cm long, 5-6mm broad, lanceolate, acuminate, light green with a brown mid-portion, glabrous. Inner phyllaries slightly smaller than the outer.
Ray flowers - Flower head to 5cm broad. Flowers many per head. Corolla tube whitish, densely antrorse pubescent externally, 1cm long. Ligule yellow adaxially, with a brown mid-stripe abaxially, 4-5-notched at the apex (the teeth to .75mm long), pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, to 2cm long, 5mm broad. Stamens 5, adnate near the apex of the corolla tube. Filaments translucent-yellow, 2mm long, glabrous. Anthers orange, exserted, to +5mm long, connate around the style. Style yellow, antrorse pubescent, bifurcate at the apex for 1-2mm (the ends spreading). Achenes (in flower) green, glabrous, ribbed, 1.5mm long, cylindric. Pappus of white capillary bristles to +1cm long. The bristles antrorse barbellate. Receptacle flat.
Disk flowers - Absent.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Glades and rocky prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is one of the most uncommon plants in Missouri only being found in 4 counties thus far. It is locally abundant in some areas, however. The plant is easy to identify in the field because of its habitat, dandelion-like flower heads, and grayish hairy leaves and scapes. The big taproot helps the plant to survive in its harsh glade habitat.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Papaveraceae
Stems - From a woody caudex and thick roots, to +/-40cm tall, erect to ascending, herbaceous, fistulose, mostly green but purple at the base, glaucous, sparse to moderately pilose. Trichomes of the plant multicellular.
Leaves - Basal leaves long-petiolate, pinnatifid. Petioles to +/-16cm long, purplish near the base, green apically, with a shallow adaxial groove, sparse pilose. Blades pinnatifid. Divisions of the blade to +/-6cm long, +/-3cm broad, with rounded lobes, green and glabrous adaxially, heavily glaucous and sparse pilose abaxially. Rachis between the leaf divisions with pilose hairs.
Inflorescence - Terminal umbel of 1-many flowers. Umbels subtended by a pair of opposite leaves. The leaves reduced. Pedicels of the umbels subtended by a pair of subulate bracts. Bracts to +1cm long, +/-3mm broad, pilose, acute. Pedicels to +6cm long, sparse pilose, glaucous, terete, erect.
Flowers - Petaloid sepals 4, spreading, distinct, yellow-orange, broadly obovate, to +/-3cm long and broad, glabrous. Petals absent. Stamens many, erect, from below the pistil. Filaments yellow, to 7mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, +2mm long, +1mm broad, compressed. Ovary superior, 6-10mm long in flower, 3-4mm in diameter, narrowly ovoid, densely antrorse strigose, yellow-green, unilocular, with many ovules. Placentation parietal. Style yellow-green, glabrous, 2-3mm long. Stigma with a truncate apex, 2-4-lobed. Fruits pendant, to +2cm long, dehiscing by 4 valves. Seeds with a distinctive keel of white pubescence and otherwise shiny and dark brown to black.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Rich soils of woodlands, base of bluffs, along streams, ravine bottoms.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking plant can be found in the east-central portion of the state and in a few southwestern counties. It is simple to identify because of its paired leaves, brilliant yellow flowers, and bristly fruits. The species is also cultivated and grows well in many conditions.
Stems - From a woody caudex and thick roots, to +/-40cm tall, erect to ascending, herbaceous, fistulose, mostly green but purple at the base, glaucous, sparse to moderately pilose. Trichomes of the plant multicellular.
Leaves - Basal leaves long-petiolate, pinnatifid. Petioles to +/-16cm long, purplish near the base, green apically, with a shallow adaxial groove, sparse pilose. Blades pinnatifid. Divisions of the blade to +/-6cm long, +/-3cm broad, with rounded lobes, green and glabrous adaxially, heavily glaucous and sparse pilose abaxially. Rachis between the leaf divisions with pilose hairs.
Inflorescence - Terminal umbel of 1-many flowers. Umbels subtended by a pair of opposite leaves. The leaves reduced. Pedicels of the umbels subtended by a pair of subulate bracts. Bracts to +1cm long, +/-3mm broad, pilose, acute. Pedicels to +6cm long, sparse pilose, glaucous, terete, erect.
Flowers - Petaloid sepals 4, spreading, distinct, yellow-orange, broadly obovate, to +/-3cm long and broad, glabrous. Petals absent. Stamens many, erect, from below the pistil. Filaments yellow, to 7mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, +2mm long, +1mm broad, compressed. Ovary superior, 6-10mm long in flower, 3-4mm in diameter, narrowly ovoid, densely antrorse strigose, yellow-green, unilocular, with many ovules. Placentation parietal. Style yellow-green, glabrous, 2-3mm long. Stigma with a truncate apex, 2-4-lobed. Fruits pendant, to +2cm long, dehiscing by 4 valves. Seeds with a distinctive keel of white pubescence and otherwise shiny and dark brown to black.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Rich soils of woodlands, base of bluffs, along streams, ravine bottoms.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking plant can be found in the east-central portion of the state and in a few southwestern counties. It is simple to identify because of its paired leaves, brilliant yellow flowers, and bristly fruits. The species is also cultivated and grows well in many conditions.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Stout, erect, herbaceous, to +2.5m tall, branching in the apical 1/2, single or multiple from the base, green but often purplish in strong sun, terete to slightly 4-angled (the angles rounded), villosulous to villous. The hairs of the stem with pustulate bases which create a slightly scabrous feel to the stem.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, sessile, ovate, acute to acuminate, to +15cm long, +9cm broad, entire or with coarse shallow teeth (the teeth with minute whitish apices), scabrous above, sericeous below. Hairs on the upper surface of the leaves with pustulate bases, those of the lower surface pilosulose. Veins around the base of the blade impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal cymose arrangement of flower heads on stems. Each division of the inflorescence subtended by a pair of reduced foliaceous bracts. Peduncles villosulous, with multicellular trichomes.
Involucre - To 2.5cm broad, +1.5cm tall (long). Phyllaries imbricate, not tightly appressed, broadly ovate to orbicular, acute to slightly acuminate, to 1.5cm long and broad, green, glandular pubescent and with some antrorse appressed hairs at the base externally, glandular and antrorse appressed pubescent in the apical half internally (glabrous basally), with ciliolate margins.
Ray flowers - +/-15 per flower head, fertile, pistillate. Ligule yellow, +3cm long, +7mm broad, with two adaxial vertical grooves, with a single notch at the apex, sparsely pubescent at the base. Corolla tube to 3mm long, pilose, pale yellow. Style yellowish-brown, divided to below the middle, glabrous, +/-7mm long. Achenes compressed, orbicular to broadly ovate, +/-7mm in diameter in flower, retrorse appressed pubescent, with two basal projections. Projections pointed, to 2-3mm long.
Disk flowers - Disk +2cm broad. Flowers staminate. Corolla tube yellow, 8-9mm long, contracted in the basal 1/5, white at the base, glabrous basally, with some pubescence at the apex, glabrous internally, 5-lobed. Lobes triangular, acute, +/-1mm long, erect. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the contracted portion of the corolla tube. Filaments yellow, -2mm long. Anthers brown, 5mm long, partially exserted, connivent around the style. Style yellow (pale in basal 1/2), to +1.5cm long, glabrous in the basal 1/2, pubescent apically, undivided. Achene white in flower, terete, with retrorse hairs, 6mm long, -1mm in diameter, tapered to the apex. Receptacle small, mostly flat or slightly convex. Chaff partially enclosing the achenes, +/-1.5cm long, -2mm broad, white in the basal 2/3, green apically, glabrous internally, pubescent (ciliate) externally at least on the midrib and at the apex, glabrous at the base.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Rocky and dry open woods, prairies, glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This big species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is variable in stem and involucre pubescence but despite this, it is still an easy species to ID in the field. The broad rounded phyllaries and undivided styles are good characteristics for proper identification.
Steyermark breaks the species up into two varieties based on stem pubescence. Variety laeve T. & G. has glabrous and glaucous stems and involucres. Variety integrifolium has pubescent stems and involucres. This latter variety is much more common in the state.
Stems - Stout, erect, herbaceous, to +2.5m tall, branching in the apical 1/2, single or multiple from the base, green but often purplish in strong sun, terete to slightly 4-angled (the angles rounded), villosulous to villous. The hairs of the stem with pustulate bases which create a slightly scabrous feel to the stem.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, sessile, ovate, acute to acuminate, to +15cm long, +9cm broad, entire or with coarse shallow teeth (the teeth with minute whitish apices), scabrous above, sericeous below. Hairs on the upper surface of the leaves with pustulate bases, those of the lower surface pilosulose. Veins around the base of the blade impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal cymose arrangement of flower heads on stems. Each division of the inflorescence subtended by a pair of reduced foliaceous bracts. Peduncles villosulous, with multicellular trichomes.
Involucre - To 2.5cm broad, +1.5cm tall (long). Phyllaries imbricate, not tightly appressed, broadly ovate to orbicular, acute to slightly acuminate, to 1.5cm long and broad, green, glandular pubescent and with some antrorse appressed hairs at the base externally, glandular and antrorse appressed pubescent in the apical half internally (glabrous basally), with ciliolate margins.
Ray flowers - +/-15 per flower head, fertile, pistillate. Ligule yellow, +3cm long, +7mm broad, with two adaxial vertical grooves, with a single notch at the apex, sparsely pubescent at the base. Corolla tube to 3mm long, pilose, pale yellow. Style yellowish-brown, divided to below the middle, glabrous, +/-7mm long. Achenes compressed, orbicular to broadly ovate, +/-7mm in diameter in flower, retrorse appressed pubescent, with two basal projections. Projections pointed, to 2-3mm long.
Disk flowers - Disk +2cm broad. Flowers staminate. Corolla tube yellow, 8-9mm long, contracted in the basal 1/5, white at the base, glabrous basally, with some pubescence at the apex, glabrous internally, 5-lobed. Lobes triangular, acute, +/-1mm long, erect. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the contracted portion of the corolla tube. Filaments yellow, -2mm long. Anthers brown, 5mm long, partially exserted, connivent around the style. Style yellow (pale in basal 1/2), to +1.5cm long, glabrous in the basal 1/2, pubescent apically, undivided. Achene white in flower, terete, with retrorse hairs, 6mm long, -1mm in diameter, tapered to the apex. Receptacle small, mostly flat or slightly convex. Chaff partially enclosing the achenes, +/-1.5cm long, -2mm broad, white in the basal 2/3, green apically, glabrous internally, pubescent (ciliate) externally at least on the midrib and at the apex, glabrous at the base.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Rocky and dry open woods, prairies, glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This big species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is variable in stem and involucre pubescence but despite this, it is still an easy species to ID in the field. The broad rounded phyllaries and undivided styles are good characteristics for proper identification.
Steyermark breaks the species up into two varieties based on stem pubescence. Variety laeve T. & G. has glabrous and glaucous stems and involucres. Variety integrifolium has pubescent stems and involucres. This latter variety is much more common in the state.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Primulaceae
Stems - To +/-1m tall, erect, from fleshy rhizomes, herbaceous, branching, glabrous, 4-angled, slightly winged in upper portions by decurrent leaf tissue.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, linear, sessile, entire, deep shiny green, with single prominent midrib, acute, glabrous, to +/-13cm long, +/-7mm broad. Margins revolute and often with a few cilia near base.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedicillate flowers near the tips of the stems. The internodes are very short in the upper portions of the plant and create a whorled appearance. Pedicels glabrous, to 2.5cm long. Flowers nodding.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, to 2.5cm broad, 4-lobed. Lobes rotund to ovate, apiculate, slightly lacerate to erose on apical margins, glabrous externally, densely glandular near base internally. Corolla tube very short, to 2mm long. Stamens 5, erect, adnate at apex of corolla tube, opposite the corolla lobes. Filaments compressed slightly, white, glandular pubescent, to 4mm long. Anthers orange-brown, 2.5-3mm long. Style whitish green, glabrous, 5mm long. Ovary superior, subglobose, green, glabrous, 5-valved, 1.2mm in diameter. Placentation free-central. Locules (seeds) many. Sepals 5, spreading, to 7mm long, 2.5mm broad, glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, entire, green, acute to acuminate.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Stream banks, swampy meadows, wet thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the central portions of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its thin, opposite leaves, its falsely-whorled flowers, and the wet habitat it prefers. L. quadriflora also prefers calcareous soils. The flowers can sometimes be white in color.
Traditionally the leaves of this plant were dried and made into a bland tea which was used to treat feminine problems and kidney troubles.
Stems - To +/-1m tall, erect, from fleshy rhizomes, herbaceous, branching, glabrous, 4-angled, slightly winged in upper portions by decurrent leaf tissue.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, linear, sessile, entire, deep shiny green, with single prominent midrib, acute, glabrous, to +/-13cm long, +/-7mm broad. Margins revolute and often with a few cilia near base.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedicillate flowers near the tips of the stems. The internodes are very short in the upper portions of the plant and create a whorled appearance. Pedicels glabrous, to 2.5cm long. Flowers nodding.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, to 2.5cm broad, 4-lobed. Lobes rotund to ovate, apiculate, slightly lacerate to erose on apical margins, glabrous externally, densely glandular near base internally. Corolla tube very short, to 2mm long. Stamens 5, erect, adnate at apex of corolla tube, opposite the corolla lobes. Filaments compressed slightly, white, glandular pubescent, to 4mm long. Anthers orange-brown, 2.5-3mm long. Style whitish green, glabrous, 5mm long. Ovary superior, subglobose, green, glabrous, 5-valved, 1.2mm in diameter. Placentation free-central. Locules (seeds) many. Sepals 5, spreading, to 7mm long, 2.5mm broad, glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, entire, green, acute to acuminate.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Stream banks, swampy meadows, wet thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the central portions of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its thin, opposite leaves, its falsely-whorled flowers, and the wet habitat it prefers. L. quadriflora also prefers calcareous soils. The flowers can sometimes be white in color.
Traditionally the leaves of this plant were dried and made into a bland tea which was used to treat feminine problems and kidney troubles.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Hypericaceae
Stems - Woody, multiple from the base, branching, erect, to 2m tall, with shredding bark.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, oblong to lance-oblong, dark green above, lighter green below, glabrous, decussate, entire, with minute whitish tip, with single prominent midrib, to +3cm long, +/-1cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers on new seasons growth. Flowers sessile or on short pedicels to 5mm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, yellow, distinct, to +/-1.5cm long, 7mm broad, glabrous, oblong to narrowly obovate, rounded at apex. Stamens many, (+100), erect. Filaments yellow, 8-9mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .6mm broad. Style 4-5mm long, glabrous. Ovary superior, ovoid, glabrous, pale greenish-yellow, 4mm long, 2mm in diameter, 3-locular. Placentation axile, ovules(seeds) many. Sepals 5, unequal, to 6mm long, +/-3mm broad, glabrous, acute, spreading to slightly recurved.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Rocky open ground, streambanks, bluffs, wooded slopes, low moist ground, also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species grows wild throughout the majority of Missouri, excluding the northwest corner of the state. The plant is also becoming more popular in cultivation.
H. spathulatum is easy to identify becasue of its pom-pom like flowers, shrubby habit, opposite leaves, and shredding bark.
Stems - Woody, multiple from the base, branching, erect, to 2m tall, with shredding bark.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, oblong to lance-oblong, dark green above, lighter green below, glabrous, decussate, entire, with minute whitish tip, with single prominent midrib, to +3cm long, +/-1cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers on new seasons growth. Flowers sessile or on short pedicels to 5mm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, yellow, distinct, to +/-1.5cm long, 7mm broad, glabrous, oblong to narrowly obovate, rounded at apex. Stamens many, (+100), erect. Filaments yellow, 8-9mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .6mm broad. Style 4-5mm long, glabrous. Ovary superior, ovoid, glabrous, pale greenish-yellow, 4mm long, 2mm in diameter, 3-locular. Placentation axile, ovules(seeds) many. Sepals 5, unequal, to 6mm long, +/-3mm broad, glabrous, acute, spreading to slightly recurved.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Rocky open ground, streambanks, bluffs, wooded slopes, low moist ground, also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species grows wild throughout the majority of Missouri, excluding the northwest corner of the state. The plant is also becoming more popular in cultivation.
H. spathulatum is easy to identify becasue of its pom-pom like flowers, shrubby habit, opposite leaves, and shredding bark.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Hypericaceae
Stems - Multiple from base, erect, to +60cm tall, herbaceous, green to red, branching above in inflorescence, simple below, from woody rhizome, glabrous, with many black glandular punctations.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, entire, oblanceolate to oblong, truncate to emarginate or obtuse at apex, 5-6cm long, 1.5cm broad, with many black glandular punctations below and on margins (punctations below lighter in color than those on margins), glabrous, often turning reddish-purple with age.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate cymes. Peduncles to 1.5cm long, with multiple black glandular punctations. Flowers sessile or short-pedicillate, each subtended by a small linear bract to 3mm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, yellow with black glandular punctations in lines and dotted, to 5mm long, 1.5mm broad, glabrous, distinct. Stamens many from base of ovary. Filaments 3.2mm long, golden-yellow, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .1mm long. Ovary ovoid, greenish-white, glabrous, 3-locular. Ovules (seeds) many. Styles 3, to +3mm long, glabrous. Stigmas often reddish. Sepals 5, to 3mm long, 1mm broad, glabrous, with distinct vertical venation, with some black glandular punctations.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Fields, waste ground, moist open woods, moist thickets, prairies, streambanks, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is the smallest flowered member of the genus in Missouri. The flowers only being about 8mm broad. The species is easy to ID because of the prominent black glandular punctations found over most of the plant. The leaves turn a brilliant reddish-purple with age.
According to Steyermark, two varieties can be found in Missouri. The plant described above is variety punctatum. Variety pseudomaculatum (Bush) Fern. has larger flower, glaucous triangular leaves which are acute, and longer styles than var. punctatum. Each of these varieties has two forms also. I won't go into the forms here.
Stems - Multiple from base, erect, to +60cm tall, herbaceous, green to red, branching above in inflorescence, simple below, from woody rhizome, glabrous, with many black glandular punctations.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, entire, oblanceolate to oblong, truncate to emarginate or obtuse at apex, 5-6cm long, 1.5cm broad, with many black glandular punctations below and on margins (punctations below lighter in color than those on margins), glabrous, often turning reddish-purple with age.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate cymes. Peduncles to 1.5cm long, with multiple black glandular punctations. Flowers sessile or short-pedicillate, each subtended by a small linear bract to 3mm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, yellow with black glandular punctations in lines and dotted, to 5mm long, 1.5mm broad, glabrous, distinct. Stamens many from base of ovary. Filaments 3.2mm long, golden-yellow, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .1mm long. Ovary ovoid, greenish-white, glabrous, 3-locular. Ovules (seeds) many. Styles 3, to +3mm long, glabrous. Stigmas often reddish. Sepals 5, to 3mm long, 1mm broad, glabrous, with distinct vertical venation, with some black glandular punctations.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Fields, waste ground, moist open woods, moist thickets, prairies, streambanks, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is the smallest flowered member of the genus in Missouri. The flowers only being about 8mm broad. The species is easy to ID because of the prominent black glandular punctations found over most of the plant. The leaves turn a brilliant reddish-purple with age.
According to Steyermark, two varieties can be found in Missouri. The plant described above is variety punctatum. Variety pseudomaculatum (Bush) Fern. has larger flower, glaucous triangular leaves which are acute, and longer styles than var. punctatum. Each of these varieties has two forms also. I won't go into the forms here.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Annual from a big taproot, multiple from the base, erect to ascending, herbaceous, appressed pubescent, green to reddish with vertical colored lines, much-branched, to 30cm tall (long).
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, distichous, to +/-3.5cm long, +/-1.5cm broad, deeply pinnatifid, glabrous, with scattered tannish-red glands. Divisions of the leaves linear, with a few coarse serrate teeth on the margins, often slightly folded (conduplicate) in strong sun.
Inflorescence - Short-pedunculate flower heads from the leaf axils. The peduncles with reduced leaves at the base, 3-8mm long, appressed pubescent, expanded towards the apex.
Involucre - Biseriate, 7-10mm long, 5-7mm broad. Outer series loose, of linear phyllaries. The phyllaries spreading at the apex, glabrous but with ciliolate margins (at least in the middle or basal half), +/-7mm long, 1.5mm broad at the base, with scattered glands. Phyllaries of the inner series larger than those of the outer, +/-8mm long, 2-3mm broad, glabrous, with many glands, sub-acute at the apex, oblong-linear.
Ray flowers - Flowers pistillate and fertile, +/-8 per head. Ligule short, 1mm long, -1mm broad, notched at the apex, glabrous. Corolla tube +/-3mm long, with antrorse pubescence, white in the basal 2/3, yellow above. Style translucent below, glabrous, bifurcate at the apex. Stigmas yellow, .6-.8mm long, recurved, glabrous. Pappus of multiple +/-10 laciniate awns. Awns 2-2.8mm long, purplish at the tips, whitish below. Achenes black, +/-3mm long, -1mm broad, sparse sericeous to glabrous.
Disk flowers - Flowers +/-20 per head, fertile. Corolla tube +3mm long, pubescent as the ray flowers, colored as the ray flowers, 5-lobed. Lobes small, .3mm long, .2mm broad, erect to slightly spreading, glabrous, acute. Stamens 5, included, adnate near the base of the corolla tube. Filaments greenish-translucent, 1-1.5mm long. Anthers yellow, connate around the style, 1-1.3mm long. Style included, +/-2mm long, glabrous, greenish-translucent in the basal 2/3, yellowish above. Stigma bifurcate, barely exserted beyond the anthers, included in the corolla tube, yellowish-purple at the apex. Stigmas .5-.6mm long, erect to slightly spreading. Pappus and achenes as with the ray flowers. Receptacle flattish, with no large chaff.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Dry fields, pastures, loess hills, prairies, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is most common in the northern portion of the state. The plant is easy to identify becasue of its small size, opposite, divided leaves, and incredible aroma. The glands of the plant are filled with a watery liquid that has a distinctive smell and is unmistakable.
D. papposa is most commonly found in disturbed and waste ground and appears as a weedy, exotic species.
Stems - Annual from a big taproot, multiple from the base, erect to ascending, herbaceous, appressed pubescent, green to reddish with vertical colored lines, much-branched, to 30cm tall (long).
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, distichous, to +/-3.5cm long, +/-1.5cm broad, deeply pinnatifid, glabrous, with scattered tannish-red glands. Divisions of the leaves linear, with a few coarse serrate teeth on the margins, often slightly folded (conduplicate) in strong sun.
Inflorescence - Short-pedunculate flower heads from the leaf axils. The peduncles with reduced leaves at the base, 3-8mm long, appressed pubescent, expanded towards the apex.
Involucre - Biseriate, 7-10mm long, 5-7mm broad. Outer series loose, of linear phyllaries. The phyllaries spreading at the apex, glabrous but with ciliolate margins (at least in the middle or basal half), +/-7mm long, 1.5mm broad at the base, with scattered glands. Phyllaries of the inner series larger than those of the outer, +/-8mm long, 2-3mm broad, glabrous, with many glands, sub-acute at the apex, oblong-linear.
Ray flowers - Flowers pistillate and fertile, +/-8 per head. Ligule short, 1mm long, -1mm broad, notched at the apex, glabrous. Corolla tube +/-3mm long, with antrorse pubescence, white in the basal 2/3, yellow above. Style translucent below, glabrous, bifurcate at the apex. Stigmas yellow, .6-.8mm long, recurved, glabrous. Pappus of multiple +/-10 laciniate awns. Awns 2-2.8mm long, purplish at the tips, whitish below. Achenes black, +/-3mm long, -1mm broad, sparse sericeous to glabrous.
Disk flowers - Flowers +/-20 per head, fertile. Corolla tube +3mm long, pubescent as the ray flowers, colored as the ray flowers, 5-lobed. Lobes small, .3mm long, .2mm broad, erect to slightly spreading, glabrous, acute. Stamens 5, included, adnate near the base of the corolla tube. Filaments greenish-translucent, 1-1.5mm long. Anthers yellow, connate around the style, 1-1.3mm long. Style included, +/-2mm long, glabrous, greenish-translucent in the basal 2/3, yellowish above. Stigma bifurcate, barely exserted beyond the anthers, included in the corolla tube, yellowish-purple at the apex. Stigmas .5-.6mm long, erect to slightly spreading. Pappus and achenes as with the ray flowers. Receptacle flattish, with no large chaff.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Dry fields, pastures, loess hills, prairies, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is most common in the northern portion of the state. The plant is easy to identify becasue of its small size, opposite, divided leaves, and incredible aroma. The glands of the plant are filled with a watery liquid that has a distinctive smell and is unmistakable.
D. papposa is most commonly found in disturbed and waste ground and appears as a weedy, exotic species.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - From a small crown and rhizomes, single or multiple from the base, herbaceous, erect, to -1m tall, simple to branching, green with light green vertical striations, somewhat carinate or not, somewhat angled in the upper 1/2, mostly glabrous or with a few hairs at the nodes, +/-3mm in diameter.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, decussate, 3-5-lobed in the apical 1/2, shaped like a turkey foot, deep green above and below, sometimes with light green around the midvein abaxially, to +/-6cm long, antrorse strigillose above and below and on margins. Lobes 3-6mm broad, entire, typically with a minute whitish tip (use a lens to see). The central lobe typically longer than the lateral lobes. All the main veins of the leaf coming from the very base of the leaf. Leaves reduced to bracts in the inflorescence.
Inflorescence - Single pedunculate flower head terminating each stem. Some flowers axillary from the upper leaf axils. Peduncle typically naked, glabrous, slightly expanded just below the involucre.
Involucre - Biseriate. Outer series of +/-12 phyllaries. Phyllaries subulate-linear, entire, ascending, 6-7mm long, 2mm broad, rounded at the apex, with sparse strigose-ciliate margins. Inner phyllaries yellow-brown, bent outward in the apical 1/3, glabrous, 4-5mm broad, 7-9mm long, oblanceolate to spatulate, rounded to subacute at apex, with brown vertical striations, green at base.
Ray flowers - Sterile, 8-10 per flower head. Ligule yellow, 2-3cm long, +/-1cm broad, mostly glabrous or with a few hairs on the veins below, with 2 impressed veins near the base, 3-toothed at the apex, elliptic-oblong. Corolla tube greenish, +/-3mm long, with sparse multicellular trichomes. The trichomes pilosulous. Achenes compressed, brown at maturity, glabrous, with scarious margins, truncate apically and basally, to 5mm long. Pappus none.
Disk flowers - Disk -1cm broad. Corolla tube 5mm long, yellow, 5-lobed, constricted at the base and opaque, expanded in the apical 1/2 and translucent yellow, with a few multicellular trichomes at the apex of the constriction. Apical 1/2 with 5 brown vertical nerves. Lobes erect, acute, -1mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the expanded portion of the corolla tube. Filaments yellow, glabrous, +2mm long, with a visible midvein, slightly compressed. Anthers brown-purple, 2-2.2mm long, partially exserted, connate around the style. Style bifurcate, exserted beyond the anthers, yellow in the apical 1/2, white basally, glabrous. Stigmas short, yellow, broadly lanceolate, +/-1mm long. Achenes as in the ray flowers but often thinner. Pappus none. Receptacle flat. Chaff linear, translucent, 7-9mm long, with brown vertical striations, slightly expanded at the apex, .3mm broad or less.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, fallow fields, rocky open woods, thickets, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species is a common roadside plant in the Ozarks in early summer. It is usually on of the first members of its genus to bloom. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its parted, opposite leaves. It would make an easy garden subject and should be cultivated more.
Stems - From a small crown and rhizomes, single or multiple from the base, herbaceous, erect, to -1m tall, simple to branching, green with light green vertical striations, somewhat carinate or not, somewhat angled in the upper 1/2, mostly glabrous or with a few hairs at the nodes, +/-3mm in diameter.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, decussate, 3-5-lobed in the apical 1/2, shaped like a turkey foot, deep green above and below, sometimes with light green around the midvein abaxially, to +/-6cm long, antrorse strigillose above and below and on margins. Lobes 3-6mm broad, entire, typically with a minute whitish tip (use a lens to see). The central lobe typically longer than the lateral lobes. All the main veins of the leaf coming from the very base of the leaf. Leaves reduced to bracts in the inflorescence.
Inflorescence - Single pedunculate flower head terminating each stem. Some flowers axillary from the upper leaf axils. Peduncle typically naked, glabrous, slightly expanded just below the involucre.
Involucre - Biseriate. Outer series of +/-12 phyllaries. Phyllaries subulate-linear, entire, ascending, 6-7mm long, 2mm broad, rounded at the apex, with sparse strigose-ciliate margins. Inner phyllaries yellow-brown, bent outward in the apical 1/3, glabrous, 4-5mm broad, 7-9mm long, oblanceolate to spatulate, rounded to subacute at apex, with brown vertical striations, green at base.
Ray flowers - Sterile, 8-10 per flower head. Ligule yellow, 2-3cm long, +/-1cm broad, mostly glabrous or with a few hairs on the veins below, with 2 impressed veins near the base, 3-toothed at the apex, elliptic-oblong. Corolla tube greenish, +/-3mm long, with sparse multicellular trichomes. The trichomes pilosulous. Achenes compressed, brown at maturity, glabrous, with scarious margins, truncate apically and basally, to 5mm long. Pappus none.
Disk flowers - Disk -1cm broad. Corolla tube 5mm long, yellow, 5-lobed, constricted at the base and opaque, expanded in the apical 1/2 and translucent yellow, with a few multicellular trichomes at the apex of the constriction. Apical 1/2 with 5 brown vertical nerves. Lobes erect, acute, -1mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the expanded portion of the corolla tube. Filaments yellow, glabrous, +2mm long, with a visible midvein, slightly compressed. Anthers brown-purple, 2-2.2mm long, partially exserted, connate around the style. Style bifurcate, exserted beyond the anthers, yellow in the apical 1/2, white basally, glabrous. Stigmas short, yellow, broadly lanceolate, +/-1mm long. Achenes as in the ray flowers but often thinner. Pappus none. Receptacle flat. Chaff linear, translucent, 7-9mm long, with brown vertical striations, slightly expanded at the apex, .3mm broad or less.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, fallow fields, rocky open woods, thickets, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species is a common roadside plant in the Ozarks in early summer. It is usually on of the first members of its genus to bloom. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its parted, opposite leaves. It would make an easy garden subject and should be cultivated more.
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