文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月19日
Family - Orchidaceae
Stems - Aerial stems green, glabrous below, densely short glandular pubescent just below the inflorescence, to +50cm tall, erect, herbaceous, simple, terete, 3-5mm in diameter, single from the base.
Leaves - Mostly basal, few, linear to linear-oblong, to 25cm long, 2.5cm broad, present or (typically) absent at anthesis. Cauline leaves reduced to scales. The scalelike leaves to 3cm long, sheathing, acuminate, entire, glabrous 3-6 per stem.
Inflorescence - Terminal twisted spike to +/-12cm long. Flowers in two ranks, sometimes the two ranks are so mingled that no spiraling is visible. Flowers sessile. Each flower subtended and partially enveloped by a single acuminate bract. Bracts to +/-1.2cm long, +/-5mm broad (at the base), pubescent, with broad scarious margins in the basal 1/2, the apices abruptly acuminate.
Flowers - Corolla white, to +1cm long, slightly drooping. Lateral sepals white, with in-rolled margins, running parallel to the rest of the flower, pubescent, 7-8mm long, subulate. Upper 3 petals white, 7-11mm long, -2mm broad, appearing connate and forming the upper lip of the flower, pubescent. Lower petal white, more stout than the upper petals, 7-11mm long, 3-4mm broad, crisped (sometimes slightly) at the apex, somewhat folded, mostly glabrous, with two basal projections to 1.5mm long. The projections slightly retrorse, densely pubescent except at the apex. Pollinia 3mm long, with their bases (terminator) facing forward and slightly exserted from the column. Terminator brownish-red. Column 3-4mm long, with a brownish-red triangular lobe and two greenish lobes at the apex. Floral tube green, 5-6mm long, densely pubescent.
Flowering - August - November.
Habitat - Acidic glades, dry upland prairies, wet meadows, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a very common orchid in this state. The plants species name means "nodding" and the flowers do nod slightly. This species can be differentiated from others in the genus by its big flowers, which have the lateral sepals paralleling the sepals, and its lack of basal leaves at anthesis.
Stems - Aerial stems green, glabrous below, densely short glandular pubescent just below the inflorescence, to +50cm tall, erect, herbaceous, simple, terete, 3-5mm in diameter, single from the base.
Leaves - Mostly basal, few, linear to linear-oblong, to 25cm long, 2.5cm broad, present or (typically) absent at anthesis. Cauline leaves reduced to scales. The scalelike leaves to 3cm long, sheathing, acuminate, entire, glabrous 3-6 per stem.
Inflorescence - Terminal twisted spike to +/-12cm long. Flowers in two ranks, sometimes the two ranks are so mingled that no spiraling is visible. Flowers sessile. Each flower subtended and partially enveloped by a single acuminate bract. Bracts to +/-1.2cm long, +/-5mm broad (at the base), pubescent, with broad scarious margins in the basal 1/2, the apices abruptly acuminate.
Flowers - Corolla white, to +1cm long, slightly drooping. Lateral sepals white, with in-rolled margins, running parallel to the rest of the flower, pubescent, 7-8mm long, subulate. Upper 3 petals white, 7-11mm long, -2mm broad, appearing connate and forming the upper lip of the flower, pubescent. Lower petal white, more stout than the upper petals, 7-11mm long, 3-4mm broad, crisped (sometimes slightly) at the apex, somewhat folded, mostly glabrous, with two basal projections to 1.5mm long. The projections slightly retrorse, densely pubescent except at the apex. Pollinia 3mm long, with their bases (terminator) facing forward and slightly exserted from the column. Terminator brownish-red. Column 3-4mm long, with a brownish-red triangular lobe and two greenish lobes at the apex. Floral tube green, 5-6mm long, densely pubescent.
Flowering - August - November.
Habitat - Acidic glades, dry upland prairies, wet meadows, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a very common orchid in this state. The plants species name means "nodding" and the flowers do nod slightly. This species can be differentiated from others in the genus by its big flowers, which have the lateral sepals paralleling the sepals, and its lack of basal leaves at anthesis.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月19日
Family - Solanaceae
Stems - To 1m tall, erect, herbaceous but can be fairly stout, widely branching, green but often purplish in strong sun, from thickened roots, mostly glabrous but with some strigose hairs on the newest growth, terete or angled, minutely winged from decurrent petiole tissue. Wings to .5mm broad, scabrous from strigose hairs and their enlarged bases.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-4cm long, winged by decurrent blade tissue or not. Blades typically ovate, acute, with wavy margins or a few coarse teeth (the teeth with rounded apices), to +/-10cm long, +/-7cm broad, sparse strigose above and below, deep dull green above, light green below.
Inflorescence - Loose pedunculate umbels or corymbs from the sides of the stem in the internodes. Peduncles to 3cm long, strigose, erect. Pedicels to 1cm long, strigose, spreading to erect in flower, nodding in fruit.
Flowers - Corolla white, 5-lobed, 1cm broad, glabrous. Lobes lanceolate-triangular, 4-5mm long, +/-2mm broad. Corolla tube green, -2mm long, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, erect, exserted. Filaments green, 1-1.3mm long, with some cilia on margins. Anthers yellow, 2mm long, converging around the style. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, ovoid, 1.2mm long in flower. Style green, glabrous in the apical half, hispidulous in the basal half, 3mm long. Stigma globose-capitate. Calyx tube green, 1mm long, antrorse strigose externally, glabrous internally, 5-lobed. Lobes 2-3mm long, somewhat unequal, 1-1.3mm broad, subacute at the apex, subulate to linear-oblong. Fruit a globose berry to +/-7mm in diameter, blackish when mature, shiny or not. Seeds many.
Flowering - May - November.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, open woods, pastures, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a very common toxic plant. It is in the same family as the tomato and potato. The plant is very variable in size and also in leaf shape but the description above is generally very good for the species. The petals of the corolla are typically white but can have shades of blue or purple.
The name S. americanum is debated and S. ptycanthum Dun. ex DC. may be a better name. S. nigrum var. virginicum L. is also used.
Stems - To 1m tall, erect, herbaceous but can be fairly stout, widely branching, green but often purplish in strong sun, from thickened roots, mostly glabrous but with some strigose hairs on the newest growth, terete or angled, minutely winged from decurrent petiole tissue. Wings to .5mm broad, scabrous from strigose hairs and their enlarged bases.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-4cm long, winged by decurrent blade tissue or not. Blades typically ovate, acute, with wavy margins or a few coarse teeth (the teeth with rounded apices), to +/-10cm long, +/-7cm broad, sparse strigose above and below, deep dull green above, light green below.
Inflorescence - Loose pedunculate umbels or corymbs from the sides of the stem in the internodes. Peduncles to 3cm long, strigose, erect. Pedicels to 1cm long, strigose, spreading to erect in flower, nodding in fruit.
Flowers - Corolla white, 5-lobed, 1cm broad, glabrous. Lobes lanceolate-triangular, 4-5mm long, +/-2mm broad. Corolla tube green, -2mm long, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, erect, exserted. Filaments green, 1-1.3mm long, with some cilia on margins. Anthers yellow, 2mm long, converging around the style. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, ovoid, 1.2mm long in flower. Style green, glabrous in the apical half, hispidulous in the basal half, 3mm long. Stigma globose-capitate. Calyx tube green, 1mm long, antrorse strigose externally, glabrous internally, 5-lobed. Lobes 2-3mm long, somewhat unequal, 1-1.3mm broad, subacute at the apex, subulate to linear-oblong. Fruit a globose berry to +/-7mm in diameter, blackish when mature, shiny or not. Seeds many.
Flowering - May - November.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, open woods, pastures, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a very common toxic plant. It is in the same family as the tomato and potato. The plant is very variable in size and also in leaf shape but the description above is generally very good for the species. The petals of the corolla are typically white but can have shades of blue or purple.
The name S. americanum is debated and S. ptycanthum Dun. ex DC. may be a better name. S. nigrum var. virginicum L. is also used.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月18日
Family - Primulaceae
Stems - Multiple from base, erect, branching, glabrous, terete, from fibrous roots, light green, herbaceous, to 30cm tall.
Leaves - Alternate. Lowest leaves tapered at base to a petiole. Petioles to 1.5cm long. Blades spatulate, entire, light green, subacute at apex, glabrous. Entire leaf to +/-7cm long, -4cm broad. Upper cauline leaves slightly more narrow and nearly sessile.
Inflorescence - Axillary racemes to +/-7cm long. Pedicels typically jointed, with a small subulate bract at joint, to +1.2cm long in fruit, shorter in flower, spreading. Axis and pedicels glabrous.
Flowers - Corolla white, 5-lobed, +/-3mm broad, glabrous. Corolla tube .5mm long. Lobes truncate to emarginate at apex. Staminodia alternating with corolla lobes, white, .4mm long, 1-5 in number. Stamens 5, opposite corolla lobes, adnate near base of corolla tube. Filaments white, .2-.3mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .2mm broad. Style short, .1mm long, glabrous. Ovary partially inferior, unilocular. Placentation free-central. Ovules many. Calyx tube green, glabrous, .7mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes triangular, glabrous, 1mm long. Calyx accrescent, forming a toothed capsule to 3mm in diameter in fruit.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Streambanks, seeps, low wet woods, lake and pond margins.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found mostly in the lower 1/2 of Missouri. The flowers are minute, (parviflorus), and the plant is fairly indistinct. The plants habitat and its large, open racemes are good characteristics to use for identification. Grazing wildlife sometimes feed on the plant.
Stems - Multiple from base, erect, branching, glabrous, terete, from fibrous roots, light green, herbaceous, to 30cm tall.
Leaves - Alternate. Lowest leaves tapered at base to a petiole. Petioles to 1.5cm long. Blades spatulate, entire, light green, subacute at apex, glabrous. Entire leaf to +/-7cm long, -4cm broad. Upper cauline leaves slightly more narrow and nearly sessile.
Inflorescence - Axillary racemes to +/-7cm long. Pedicels typically jointed, with a small subulate bract at joint, to +1.2cm long in fruit, shorter in flower, spreading. Axis and pedicels glabrous.
Flowers - Corolla white, 5-lobed, +/-3mm broad, glabrous. Corolla tube .5mm long. Lobes truncate to emarginate at apex. Staminodia alternating with corolla lobes, white, .4mm long, 1-5 in number. Stamens 5, opposite corolla lobes, adnate near base of corolla tube. Filaments white, .2-.3mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .2mm broad. Style short, .1mm long, glabrous. Ovary partially inferior, unilocular. Placentation free-central. Ovules many. Calyx tube green, glabrous, .7mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes triangular, glabrous, 1mm long. Calyx accrescent, forming a toothed capsule to 3mm in diameter in fruit.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Streambanks, seeps, low wet woods, lake and pond margins.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found mostly in the lower 1/2 of Missouri. The flowers are minute, (parviflorus), and the plant is fairly indistinct. The plants habitat and its large, open racemes are good characteristics to use for identification. Grazing wildlife sometimes feed on the plant.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Family - Rosaceae
Stems - Erect or arching, to +2.5m long (tall). Primocanes deep green with a reddish-brownish tinge, with straight prickles to 1cm long, appressed pubescent or glabrous. Floricanes reddish-green with similar prickles to primocanes or with prickles more hooked, appressed pubescent or glabrous. All stems with vertical grooves creating an almost angled appearance.
Leaves - Alternate, typically trifoliolate on floricanes, with 5 leaflets on primocanes. Leaflets serrate, ovate to oval, tapering at both ends or cordate at base, upper surface pubescent, lower surface pubescent mostly on midrib and viens but also on leaf tissue. Middle leaflet larger than lateral leaflets. Petiole with hooked prickles. Stipules at base of petioles linear, +/- 1cm long.
Inflorescence - Racemose, to 15cm long (tall), cylindrical in outline, typically with 9-14 flowers. Racemes exerted beyond the leaves not hidden amongst them.
Flowers - White, to +2.5cm broad with 5 distinct petals and many stamens. Pedicels hairy with some gland-tipped pubescence, with a small bract at the base.
Fruit - An aggregate fruit, shiny dark purple to black color, to +2cm long.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Shaded woods, rich soils, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Species of this genus are sometimes very difficult to identify. The very similar R. orarius Blanch. has leaflets which are glabrous below and more ovate to roundish. The racemes of R. orarius are also more ovate in shape instead of cylindrical. Both species provide a delicious "blackberry" we love to eat.
Stems - Erect or arching, to +2.5m long (tall). Primocanes deep green with a reddish-brownish tinge, with straight prickles to 1cm long, appressed pubescent or glabrous. Floricanes reddish-green with similar prickles to primocanes or with prickles more hooked, appressed pubescent or glabrous. All stems with vertical grooves creating an almost angled appearance.
Leaves - Alternate, typically trifoliolate on floricanes, with 5 leaflets on primocanes. Leaflets serrate, ovate to oval, tapering at both ends or cordate at base, upper surface pubescent, lower surface pubescent mostly on midrib and viens but also on leaf tissue. Middle leaflet larger than lateral leaflets. Petiole with hooked prickles. Stipules at base of petioles linear, +/- 1cm long.
Inflorescence - Racemose, to 15cm long (tall), cylindrical in outline, typically with 9-14 flowers. Racemes exerted beyond the leaves not hidden amongst them.
Flowers - White, to +2.5cm broad with 5 distinct petals and many stamens. Pedicels hairy with some gland-tipped pubescence, with a small bract at the base.
Fruit - An aggregate fruit, shiny dark purple to black color, to +2cm long.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Shaded woods, rich soils, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Species of this genus are sometimes very difficult to identify. The very similar R. orarius Blanch. has leaflets which are glabrous below and more ovate to roundish. The racemes of R. orarius are also more ovate in shape instead of cylindrical. Both species provide a delicious "blackberry" we love to eat.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Family - Rosaceae
Stems - To +2m tall, multiple from base, woody, branching. New seasons growth lanate-tomentose, green, becoming purplish-brown with maturity.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate. Stipules at base of new leaves, 3mm long, linear. Petiole to 5mm long, lanate-tomentose. Blade obovate to elliptic, serrulate, acute to acuminate, deep green above, paler below, to +7cm long, +4cm broad, glabrous above but with dark red glands on midrib, lanate to pubescent below.
Inflorescence - Termnal cymose panicle on new seasons growth, to 5cm broad, +5cm long, appearing with the new seasons leaves. Pedicels densely lanate, +/-1cm long.
Flowers - Corolla rotate, 1.5cm broad. Petals 5, white, clawed, glabrous. Claw to 1.2mm long. Limb orbicular, 5mm in diameter. Stamens +/-20. Filaments white, glabrous, 4mm long, anthers pinkish to rose, .9mm long and broad. Style 5-parted, reddish-brown at apex, whitish below, 4mm long. Ovary inferior, 5-locular. Receptacle lanate. Hypanthium -2mm long(tall), 3.5mm broad, campanulate, lanate. Sepals 5, 2mm long, 2mm broad at base, triangular. Fruits deep brownish-red to black, globose, 5-8mm in diameter, many seeded.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Low woods, moist to wet ground, also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is widely cultivated throughout Missouri but is found wild in only one southeastern county. It is an easy species to identify because of its showy flower clusters and blackish fruits. The fruits aren't really eaten much by wild animals, hence you will find them on the tree after the leaves have fallen and well into winter.
Stems - To +2m tall, multiple from base, woody, branching. New seasons growth lanate-tomentose, green, becoming purplish-brown with maturity.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate. Stipules at base of new leaves, 3mm long, linear. Petiole to 5mm long, lanate-tomentose. Blade obovate to elliptic, serrulate, acute to acuminate, deep green above, paler below, to +7cm long, +4cm broad, glabrous above but with dark red glands on midrib, lanate to pubescent below.
Inflorescence - Termnal cymose panicle on new seasons growth, to 5cm broad, +5cm long, appearing with the new seasons leaves. Pedicels densely lanate, +/-1cm long.
Flowers - Corolla rotate, 1.5cm broad. Petals 5, white, clawed, glabrous. Claw to 1.2mm long. Limb orbicular, 5mm in diameter. Stamens +/-20. Filaments white, glabrous, 4mm long, anthers pinkish to rose, .9mm long and broad. Style 5-parted, reddish-brown at apex, whitish below, 4mm long. Ovary inferior, 5-locular. Receptacle lanate. Hypanthium -2mm long(tall), 3.5mm broad, campanulate, lanate. Sepals 5, 2mm long, 2mm broad at base, triangular. Fruits deep brownish-red to black, globose, 5-8mm in diameter, many seeded.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Low woods, moist to wet ground, also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is widely cultivated throughout Missouri but is found wild in only one southeastern county. It is an easy species to identify because of its showy flower clusters and blackish fruits. The fruits aren't really eaten much by wild animals, hence you will find them on the tree after the leaves have fallen and well into winter.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Family - Polygonaceae
Stems - To 1m tall, herbaceous, glabrous or with some pubescence above, typically green or reddish, erect to spreading, multiple or single from base, simple to few-branching.
Leaves - Alternate, short-petiolate or subsessile, lanceolate to linear-oblong, glabrous, acuminate. Ocrea with ciliate bristles on margin, glabrous to scabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes, loosely arranged, often nodding at tip.
Flowers - Perianth parts to 4mm long, punctate, greenish below, whitish near apex. Stamens +/-6, included. Styles 2, included. Achene 3-angled, partially exserted at maturity.
Flowering - May - November.
Habitat - Moist to wet areas.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This plant is abundant along edges of ponds, lakes, and ditches. The roots are thin and fibrous as the plant is an annual. The species name means "water pepper" as the plant can have a peppery taste if eaten. That same peppery taste will also cause your mouth to burn and swell, so don't eat it.
Stems - To 1m tall, herbaceous, glabrous or with some pubescence above, typically green or reddish, erect to spreading, multiple or single from base, simple to few-branching.
Leaves - Alternate, short-petiolate or subsessile, lanceolate to linear-oblong, glabrous, acuminate. Ocrea with ciliate bristles on margin, glabrous to scabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes, loosely arranged, often nodding at tip.
Flowers - Perianth parts to 4mm long, punctate, greenish below, whitish near apex. Stamens +/-6, included. Styles 2, included. Achene 3-angled, partially exserted at maturity.
Flowering - May - November.
Habitat - Moist to wet areas.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This plant is abundant along edges of ponds, lakes, and ditches. The roots are thin and fibrous as the plant is an annual. The species name means "water pepper" as the plant can have a peppery taste if eaten. That same peppery taste will also cause your mouth to burn and swell, so don't eat it.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - Bulbs. Aerial stem glabrous, 20-30cm tall, +/-4mm in diameter.
Leaves - Linear, grasslike, entire, basal, glabrous, +20cm long, 5-6mm broad, often involute, with a light green to whitish midrib.
Inflorescence - Raceme to +8cm tall. Pedicels glaucous, to +4cm long, 2mm in diameter. Single bracts at base of pedicels to 4cm long, scarious, 4mm broad at base, attenuate.
Flowers - Tepals 6, white above, white with green stripe below, glabrous, free, oblong to linear, 1.5cm long, 5mm broad. Stamens 6, erect, slightly exserted. Anthers flattened, 7mm long, 2mm broad at base, keeled, connivent around ovary. Anthers yellow, 2.5cm long, 1.2mm broad. Ovary superior, with 6 ridges, 3-locular, many seeded, placentation axile. Style 1, 2.5-3mm long, white, glabrous. Flowers highly nectariferous.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Cultivated and escaped into open fields, waste ground, parks, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - Like many of the lilies, this plant is toxic. Apparently it is quick to spread and hence easy to propagate. The individual flowers don't last long, only a couple of days, but the plant produces many flowers and is certainly striking.
Stems - Bulbs. Aerial stem glabrous, 20-30cm tall, +/-4mm in diameter.
Leaves - Linear, grasslike, entire, basal, glabrous, +20cm long, 5-6mm broad, often involute, with a light green to whitish midrib.
Inflorescence - Raceme to +8cm tall. Pedicels glaucous, to +4cm long, 2mm in diameter. Single bracts at base of pedicels to 4cm long, scarious, 4mm broad at base, attenuate.
Flowers - Tepals 6, white above, white with green stripe below, glabrous, free, oblong to linear, 1.5cm long, 5mm broad. Stamens 6, erect, slightly exserted. Anthers flattened, 7mm long, 2mm broad at base, keeled, connivent around ovary. Anthers yellow, 2.5cm long, 1.2mm broad. Ovary superior, with 6 ridges, 3-locular, many seeded, placentation axile. Style 1, 2.5-3mm long, white, glabrous. Flowers highly nectariferous.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Cultivated and escaped into open fields, waste ground, parks, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - Like many of the lilies, this plant is toxic. Apparently it is quick to spread and hence easy to propagate. The individual flowers don't last long, only a couple of days, but the plant produces many flowers and is certainly striking.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - From bulbs. Aerial stems to +40cm long (tall), erect, herbaceous, terete, green, glabrous, simple, single from the base.
Leaves - Mostly near the base of the plant and in a rosette, glabrous, flat but typically somewhat folded, green, to +45cm long, +1cm broad, linear and grass-like, succulent, with parallel veins.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme. Pedicels to +1cm long in flower, glabrous, ascending in bud, nodding in flower. Each pedicel subtended by a scarious attenuate bract. Bracts brownish, glabrous, to -4cm long, 1cm broad at the base.
Flowers - Tepals 6, spreading. glabrous, +/-3cm long, +/-8mm broad, white with a green midstripe, acute, oblong-lanceolate, distinct. Stamens 6, erect, connivent around the style. Filaments compressed, white, to 1.5cm long, 3-4mm long. Some (3) of the filaments expanded beyond the anthers with two erect appendages. Anthers pale yellow to white, to +5mm long, 2mm broad. Ovary dark green, glabrous, ovoid, 3-ribbed, 5mm long in flower, 3mm in diameter, 3-locular, placentation axile, ovules many. Style white, 7-8mm long, glabrous, with 2 vertical grooves.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Cultivated and rarely escaped. Persistent around old homesites.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This attractive species is commonly cultivated throughout Missouri and is rarely escaped. It is not nearly as common as the closely related O. umbellatum L. which is escaped nearly throughout the state.
The genus Ornithogalum is toxic and contains many alkaloids.
Stems - From bulbs. Aerial stems to +40cm long (tall), erect, herbaceous, terete, green, glabrous, simple, single from the base.
Leaves - Mostly near the base of the plant and in a rosette, glabrous, flat but typically somewhat folded, green, to +45cm long, +1cm broad, linear and grass-like, succulent, with parallel veins.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme. Pedicels to +1cm long in flower, glabrous, ascending in bud, nodding in flower. Each pedicel subtended by a scarious attenuate bract. Bracts brownish, glabrous, to -4cm long, 1cm broad at the base.
Flowers - Tepals 6, spreading. glabrous, +/-3cm long, +/-8mm broad, white with a green midstripe, acute, oblong-lanceolate, distinct. Stamens 6, erect, connivent around the style. Filaments compressed, white, to 1.5cm long, 3-4mm long. Some (3) of the filaments expanded beyond the anthers with two erect appendages. Anthers pale yellow to white, to +5mm long, 2mm broad. Ovary dark green, glabrous, ovoid, 3-ribbed, 5mm long in flower, 3mm in diameter, 3-locular, placentation axile, ovules many. Style white, 7-8mm long, glabrous, with 2 vertical grooves.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Cultivated and rarely escaped. Persistent around old homesites.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This attractive species is commonly cultivated throughout Missouri and is rarely escaped. It is not nearly as common as the closely related O. umbellatum L. which is escaped nearly throughout the state.
The genus Ornithogalum is toxic and contains many alkaloids.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Orchidaceae
Stems - Flowering stem to +/-15cm tall, from rhizomes and thick roots, glabrous, simple, herbaceous, erect.
Leaves - Basal, typically 2, elliptic to spatulate or obovate, entire, subsucculent, glabrous, shiny green, tapering to base, rounded at apex, to +7cm broad, +15cm long, sheathing at base. Leaves of flowering stem reduced to foliaceous bracts, lance-oblong, to +4cm long, 2cm broad, entire, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme with +/-5 flowers. Each flower subtended by single foliaceous bract. Bracts sessile.
Flowers - Corolla white to pink and white, to +3cm long, resupinate. Sepals to +1.5cm long, 5mm broad, lanceolate, typically pink but also white, glabrous, forming a hood around the column. Lateral petals linear, to 1.5cm long, 4mm broad, forming hood with sepals. "Lower" petal (lip) to +1.5cm long, +1.2cm broad, (sub)acute at apex, white, glabrous, ovate, with undulate margins, spurred. Spur to +1.5cm long, expanded slightly at apex (clavate). Column to 8mm long, whitish. Stamen 1. Ovary inferior. Capsules to 2cm long, erect, many seeded.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Ravines, rich and low woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking little plant is common throughout Missouri but is often not seen by the casual observer because it grows in deep woods and ravines. The flowers are typically white and pink but can be all white also. The flowers are also resupinate so what looks like the top of the flower is actually the bottom and vice versa. The big lip of the corolla is a perfect landing platform for flying insects, the plants main pollinators.
A common synonym is Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf.
Stems - Flowering stem to +/-15cm tall, from rhizomes and thick roots, glabrous, simple, herbaceous, erect.
Leaves - Basal, typically 2, elliptic to spatulate or obovate, entire, subsucculent, glabrous, shiny green, tapering to base, rounded at apex, to +7cm broad, +15cm long, sheathing at base. Leaves of flowering stem reduced to foliaceous bracts, lance-oblong, to +4cm long, 2cm broad, entire, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme with +/-5 flowers. Each flower subtended by single foliaceous bract. Bracts sessile.
Flowers - Corolla white to pink and white, to +3cm long, resupinate. Sepals to +1.5cm long, 5mm broad, lanceolate, typically pink but also white, glabrous, forming a hood around the column. Lateral petals linear, to 1.5cm long, 4mm broad, forming hood with sepals. "Lower" petal (lip) to +1.5cm long, +1.2cm broad, (sub)acute at apex, white, glabrous, ovate, with undulate margins, spurred. Spur to +1.5cm long, expanded slightly at apex (clavate). Column to 8mm long, whitish. Stamen 1. Ovary inferior. Capsules to 2cm long, erect, many seeded.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Ravines, rich and low woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking little plant is common throughout Missouri but is often not seen by the casual observer because it grows in deep woods and ravines. The flowers are typically white and pink but can be all white also. The flowers are also resupinate so what looks like the top of the flower is actually the bottom and vice versa. The big lip of the corolla is a perfect landing platform for flying insects, the plants main pollinators.
A common synonym is Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Boraginaceae
Stems - From a taproot and fibrous roots, multiple from the base, erect, herbaceous, green, hirsute, slightly angled from decurrent leaf tissue, to 50cm tall (in fruit), branching.
Leaves - Alternate. Basal leaves spatulate, to +/-6cm long, -2cm broad. Cauline leaves sessile, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, to 6cm long, 1.5cm broad. All leaves entire, hirsute, acute to rounded at the apex, green, with a single distinct midrib. Faint lateral venation anastomosing before the leaf margin.
Inflorescence - Terminal and lateral scorpoid racemes or cymes, compact in flower, very elongated in fruit. Pedicels short in flower, elongating to 3-4mm long in fruit, lanate. Axis of inflorescence lanate.
Flowers - Corolla white, funnelform, glabrous, slightly zygomorphic, 3mm broad, 3mm long, 5-lobed. Longest lobes to 1.2mm long, 1mm broad, truncate at apex. Fornices small, included in the throat of the corolla. Stamens 5, adnate above the base of the corolla tube. Filaments minute, -.1mm long. Anthers brownish, .5mm long. Ovary 4-lobed, subtended by a green nectary. Lobes green, glabrous, lenticular, to .3mm in diameter, with a slightly winged margin, expanding to +2mm in diameter in fruit. Style exserted from between ovary lobes, green, .7mm long, glabrous, included. Stigma bilobed. Calyx accrescent, densely uncinate pubescent (hirsute) externally, glabrous internally, 5-lobed, zygomorphic. Lobes attenuate, the longest to 2mm in flower (longer in fruit). Calyx tube to 2mm long in flower, longer in fruit.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Fallow and cultivated fields, moist to dry woods, slopes, bottoms, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant can be identified by its small white flowers, hirsute stems, and elongated inflorescences (in fruit).
Steyermark listed this species as a variety of M. virginica (L.) BSP. More modern taxonomy lumps M. virginica and M. macrosperma into the same species, M. verna Nutt. Regardless of what you call the plant, its annoying fruits will stick to your clothes and hair and are a chore to remove.
Stems - From a taproot and fibrous roots, multiple from the base, erect, herbaceous, green, hirsute, slightly angled from decurrent leaf tissue, to 50cm tall (in fruit), branching.
Leaves - Alternate. Basal leaves spatulate, to +/-6cm long, -2cm broad. Cauline leaves sessile, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, to 6cm long, 1.5cm broad. All leaves entire, hirsute, acute to rounded at the apex, green, with a single distinct midrib. Faint lateral venation anastomosing before the leaf margin.
Inflorescence - Terminal and lateral scorpoid racemes or cymes, compact in flower, very elongated in fruit. Pedicels short in flower, elongating to 3-4mm long in fruit, lanate. Axis of inflorescence lanate.
Flowers - Corolla white, funnelform, glabrous, slightly zygomorphic, 3mm broad, 3mm long, 5-lobed. Longest lobes to 1.2mm long, 1mm broad, truncate at apex. Fornices small, included in the throat of the corolla. Stamens 5, adnate above the base of the corolla tube. Filaments minute, -.1mm long. Anthers brownish, .5mm long. Ovary 4-lobed, subtended by a green nectary. Lobes green, glabrous, lenticular, to .3mm in diameter, with a slightly winged margin, expanding to +2mm in diameter in fruit. Style exserted from between ovary lobes, green, .7mm long, glabrous, included. Stigma bilobed. Calyx accrescent, densely uncinate pubescent (hirsute) externally, glabrous internally, 5-lobed, zygomorphic. Lobes attenuate, the longest to 2mm in flower (longer in fruit). Calyx tube to 2mm long in flower, longer in fruit.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Fallow and cultivated fields, moist to dry woods, slopes, bottoms, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant can be identified by its small white flowers, hirsute stems, and elongated inflorescences (in fruit).
Steyermark listed this species as a variety of M. virginica (L.) BSP. More modern taxonomy lumps M. virginica and M. macrosperma into the same species, M. verna Nutt. Regardless of what you call the plant, its annoying fruits will stick to your clothes and hair and are a chore to remove.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - Aerial stems to +40cm tall, erect, herbaceous, glabrous, fistulose, from a bulb, green.
Leaves - Basal, linear, flat, to +40cm long, equaling or exceeding the aerial stems, glabrous, dark green.
Inflorescence - Terminal clusters of 2-7 flowers. Clusters subtended by and partially surrounded by a green bract. The bract to 5cm long, glabrous. Pedicels to +6cm long. Flowers pendant.
Flowers - Tepals 6, white with a green spot at the apex, glabrous, to 2cm long, -1cm broad, oblong-elliptic. Stamens 6. Style 1, exceeding the stamens. Ovary inferior, 3-locular, with many ovules.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Commonly cultivated. Escaped around old homesites and in disturbed sites.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This distinctive species has only been found growing wild in two Missouri counties (Boone and St. Charles) but is cultivated throughout the state. In warmer states to the east the plant is much more common as an escape. The plant is easy to ID in the field becasue of its flat leaves and green-spotted flowers.
Like many of the lilies, this species is toxic if ingested.
Stems - Aerial stems to +40cm tall, erect, herbaceous, glabrous, fistulose, from a bulb, green.
Leaves - Basal, linear, flat, to +40cm long, equaling or exceeding the aerial stems, glabrous, dark green.
Inflorescence - Terminal clusters of 2-7 flowers. Clusters subtended by and partially surrounded by a green bract. The bract to 5cm long, glabrous. Pedicels to +6cm long. Flowers pendant.
Flowers - Tepals 6, white with a green spot at the apex, glabrous, to 2cm long, -1cm broad, oblong-elliptic. Stamens 6. Style 1, exceeding the stamens. Ovary inferior, 3-locular, with many ovules.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Commonly cultivated. Escaped around old homesites and in disturbed sites.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This distinctive species has only been found growing wild in two Missouri counties (Boone and St. Charles) but is cultivated throughout the state. In warmer states to the east the plant is much more common as an escape. The plant is easy to ID in the field becasue of its flat leaves and green-spotted flowers.
Like many of the lilies, this species is toxic if ingested.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - Ariel stems to +15cm tall, glabrous, erect, herbaceous, simple, from bulblike corm.
Leaves - Two per flowering plant, one in non-flowering plants, linear-elliptic to oblanceolate, entire, acute, glabrous, green and glaucous below, mottled with purple above, to 4cm broad, +/-10cm long.
Inflorescence - Single nodding flower terminating aerial stem.
Flower - Petals and sepals white internally, typically with lilac tinge externally, reflexed when mature, linear-oblong, entire, 6mm broad, +3cm long, glabrous. Stamens 6, adnate to base of petals and sepals, erect, exserted. Filaments flattened, +1mm broad. Anthers yellow, 6mm long. Style white, to 1.5cm long, exserted. Stigmas 3, to 3mm long. Ovary superior, 3-locular, ovules many. Fruit to 2.5cm long, weekly 3-angled, glabrous.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Low woods, wooded slopes, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The leaves of this small lily can be variable. Some leaves have heavy dark mottling, others have faint to no mottling. The leaves, however, are usually always glaucous below.
This plant is quite common in most of the state but is more frequent below the Missouri river. It grows in shaded areas of the habitats mentioned above. The species is a good indicator that spring is arriving, being one of the first plants to bloom. Non-flowering plants can be found in large colonies and have a single leaf.
Stems - Ariel stems to +15cm tall, glabrous, erect, herbaceous, simple, from bulblike corm.
Leaves - Two per flowering plant, one in non-flowering plants, linear-elliptic to oblanceolate, entire, acute, glabrous, green and glaucous below, mottled with purple above, to 4cm broad, +/-10cm long.
Inflorescence - Single nodding flower terminating aerial stem.
Flower - Petals and sepals white internally, typically with lilac tinge externally, reflexed when mature, linear-oblong, entire, 6mm broad, +3cm long, glabrous. Stamens 6, adnate to base of petals and sepals, erect, exserted. Filaments flattened, +1mm broad. Anthers yellow, 6mm long. Style white, to 1.5cm long, exserted. Stigmas 3, to 3mm long. Ovary superior, 3-locular, ovules many. Fruit to 2.5cm long, weekly 3-angled, glabrous.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Low woods, wooded slopes, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The leaves of this small lily can be variable. Some leaves have heavy dark mottling, others have faint to no mottling. The leaves, however, are usually always glaucous below.
This plant is quite common in most of the state but is more frequent below the Missouri river. It grows in shaded areas of the habitats mentioned above. The species is a good indicator that spring is arriving, being one of the first plants to bloom. Non-flowering plants can be found in large colonies and have a single leaf.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Apiaceae
Stems - To +/-15cm tall, erect, single or multiple from the base, from a globose tuber (the tuber to +/-1.5cm in diameter), herbaceous, fleshy, purplish (green at the base), glabrous, angled to ribbed.
Leaves - One to many per plant, petiolate, ternately decompound, glabrous. Petioles sheathing at the base, grooved adaxially, purple, to 2cm long. Petiolules grooved adaxially. Leaves to +5cm broad and long. Ultimate divisions of the leaves acute, entire, shiny below, dull green above, the tips with a small translucent spot (use a lens to see), with a single midrib. Upper most leaf of the stem reduced and bract-like.
Inflorescence - Terminal compound umbels. Primary rays 3-4, to +2cm long, glabrous, purplish. Bracts subtending the umbellets 5, +/-5mm long, -1mm broad, subacute at the apex, with a minute thickened tip (the tip slightly orange). Umbellets with +/-6 flowers. Pedicels purple, glabrous, to 1.5mm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, glabrous, oblanceolate to spatulate, to 4mm long, +1mm broad, spreading. Stamens 5, erect. Filaments white, glabrous, 2-2.2mm long, thicker at the base. Anthers pink to wine-colored when fresh, becoming black when dry. Pollen white. Styles 2, glabrous, pinkish (pale), expanded and deep purple at the base. Ovary inferior, 2-locular, one ovule per locule. Calyx purple, glabrous, 1-1.1mm tall, 1.4mm broad, ribbed (12), slightly thickened at the apex. Sepals absent. Fruits 2-3mm long, 3-5mm broad, glabrous.
Flowering - January - April.
Habitat - Rich shaded woods, at or near the base of slopes, alluvial soils along streams and in valleys, alluvial thickets, at the base of rocky bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This minute species is the first native wildflower to bloom in Missouri. Becasue of its small size and habitat, it is often overlooked. The flowers rarely protrude more than one or two centimeters above the forest leaf litter. The pinkish anthers quickly dry and turn black. The black of the anthers and the white of the petals give the plant a "pepper and salt" appearance. The leaves of the plant unfold completely just at the end of the plants growing season. By the warm months of late spring, the plant is dried and gone. The species is found in much of Missouri except in the bootheel and in the northern 1/3 of the state.
Stems - To +/-15cm tall, erect, single or multiple from the base, from a globose tuber (the tuber to +/-1.5cm in diameter), herbaceous, fleshy, purplish (green at the base), glabrous, angled to ribbed.
Leaves - One to many per plant, petiolate, ternately decompound, glabrous. Petioles sheathing at the base, grooved adaxially, purple, to 2cm long. Petiolules grooved adaxially. Leaves to +5cm broad and long. Ultimate divisions of the leaves acute, entire, shiny below, dull green above, the tips with a small translucent spot (use a lens to see), with a single midrib. Upper most leaf of the stem reduced and bract-like.
Inflorescence - Terminal compound umbels. Primary rays 3-4, to +2cm long, glabrous, purplish. Bracts subtending the umbellets 5, +/-5mm long, -1mm broad, subacute at the apex, with a minute thickened tip (the tip slightly orange). Umbellets with +/-6 flowers. Pedicels purple, glabrous, to 1.5mm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, glabrous, oblanceolate to spatulate, to 4mm long, +1mm broad, spreading. Stamens 5, erect. Filaments white, glabrous, 2-2.2mm long, thicker at the base. Anthers pink to wine-colored when fresh, becoming black when dry. Pollen white. Styles 2, glabrous, pinkish (pale), expanded and deep purple at the base. Ovary inferior, 2-locular, one ovule per locule. Calyx purple, glabrous, 1-1.1mm tall, 1.4mm broad, ribbed (12), slightly thickened at the apex. Sepals absent. Fruits 2-3mm long, 3-5mm broad, glabrous.
Flowering - January - April.
Habitat - Rich shaded woods, at or near the base of slopes, alluvial soils along streams and in valleys, alluvial thickets, at the base of rocky bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This minute species is the first native wildflower to bloom in Missouri. Becasue of its small size and habitat, it is often overlooked. The flowers rarely protrude more than one or two centimeters above the forest leaf litter. The pinkish anthers quickly dry and turn black. The black of the anthers and the white of the petals give the plant a "pepper and salt" appearance. The leaves of the plant unfold completely just at the end of the plants growing season. By the warm months of late spring, the plant is dried and gone. The species is found in much of Missouri except in the bootheel and in the northern 1/3 of the state.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Ebenaceae
Stems - Twigs pubescent, with reddish-brown solid pith. New season's growth densely pubescent, green, terete, with short and long hairs. Mature bark blocky with square blocks. Tree to 20m tall but typically seen smaller and more shrubby.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +2cm long, densely pubescent with short and long hairs, light green. Blades to +/-15cm long, +/-8cm broad, ovate, acute, deep shiny green and glabrous above, dull-light green and pubescent below, entire. Main lateral veins expressed below. Leaves of the inflorescence reduced.
Inflorescence - Paired or triple axillary flowers on the new season's growth. Peduncle to +3cm long, densely pubescent. Pedicels to +3cm long, densely pubescent with short and long hairs. Central flower of the inflorescence flowering first.
Flowers - Staminate - Corolla tube white, glabrous internally, mostly glabrous externally but pubescent on the lobes, 1cm long, 7-8mm broad. Lobes recurved, yellowish, 3mm long, 4-5mm broad, rounded. Stamens many (+/-16) adnate at the base of the corolla tube, erect, included. Filaments white, short, to 1mm long, antrorse pubescent at the apex. Anthers 4-5mm long, +1mm broad, brown. A vestigal pistil is surrounded by the stamens in the staminate flowers. Calyx 4-lobed, green, appressed to the corolla tube. Lobes 3mm long, +2mm broad at the base, acute, pubescent externally, mostly glabrous internally except near the apex. Pistillate flowers not seen but larger than the staminate. Fruits globose, 2-6cm in diameter, orange, frequently glaucous, with the persistent calyx. Seeds few to many, strongly compressed, brown.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Dry open and rocky woods, glade edges, prairies, thickets, valleys along streams, old fields, clearings.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout much of Missouri but is mostly absent from the northern portion of the state. The tree is easy to identify becasue of its blocky bark which occurs very early in the plants growth. The sweet, edible fruits are reputed to be best only after they have been through a freezing period. The fruits don't keep long after being picked but can remain on the trees a long time and through much of the winter.
The wood of Persimmon is very hard and was traditionally used to make golf-club heads. It can also be turned into tool handles and other small objects. Pool cues are also frequently made from this wood.
Stems - Twigs pubescent, with reddish-brown solid pith. New season's growth densely pubescent, green, terete, with short and long hairs. Mature bark blocky with square blocks. Tree to 20m tall but typically seen smaller and more shrubby.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +2cm long, densely pubescent with short and long hairs, light green. Blades to +/-15cm long, +/-8cm broad, ovate, acute, deep shiny green and glabrous above, dull-light green and pubescent below, entire. Main lateral veins expressed below. Leaves of the inflorescence reduced.
Inflorescence - Paired or triple axillary flowers on the new season's growth. Peduncle to +3cm long, densely pubescent. Pedicels to +3cm long, densely pubescent with short and long hairs. Central flower of the inflorescence flowering first.
Flowers - Staminate - Corolla tube white, glabrous internally, mostly glabrous externally but pubescent on the lobes, 1cm long, 7-8mm broad. Lobes recurved, yellowish, 3mm long, 4-5mm broad, rounded. Stamens many (+/-16) adnate at the base of the corolla tube, erect, included. Filaments white, short, to 1mm long, antrorse pubescent at the apex. Anthers 4-5mm long, +1mm broad, brown. A vestigal pistil is surrounded by the stamens in the staminate flowers. Calyx 4-lobed, green, appressed to the corolla tube. Lobes 3mm long, +2mm broad at the base, acute, pubescent externally, mostly glabrous internally except near the apex. Pistillate flowers not seen but larger than the staminate. Fruits globose, 2-6cm in diameter, orange, frequently glaucous, with the persistent calyx. Seeds few to many, strongly compressed, brown.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Dry open and rocky woods, glade edges, prairies, thickets, valleys along streams, old fields, clearings.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout much of Missouri but is mostly absent from the northern portion of the state. The tree is easy to identify becasue of its blocky bark which occurs very early in the plants growth. The sweet, edible fruits are reputed to be best only after they have been through a freezing period. The fruits don't keep long after being picked but can remain on the trees a long time and through much of the winter.
The wood of Persimmon is very hard and was traditionally used to make golf-club heads. It can also be turned into tool handles and other small objects. Pool cues are also frequently made from this wood.
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