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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月19日
Family - Solanaceae
Stems - To 1m tall, erect, herbaceous but can be fairly stout, widely branching, green but often purplish in strong sun, from thickened roots, mostly glabrous but with some strigose hairs on the newest growth, terete or angled, minutely winged from decurrent petiole tissue. Wings to .5mm broad, scabrous from strigose hairs and their enlarged bases.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-4cm long, winged by decurrent blade tissue or not. Blades typically ovate, acute, with wavy margins or a few coarse teeth (the teeth with rounded apices), to +/-10cm long, +/-7cm broad, sparse strigose above and below, deep dull green above, light green below.
Inflorescence - Loose pedunculate umbels or corymbs from the sides of the stem in the internodes. Peduncles to 3cm long, strigose, erect. Pedicels to 1cm long, strigose, spreading to erect in flower, nodding in fruit.
Flowers - Corolla white, 5-lobed, 1cm broad, glabrous. Lobes lanceolate-triangular, 4-5mm long, +/-2mm broad. Corolla tube green, -2mm long, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, erect, exserted. Filaments green, 1-1.3mm long, with some cilia on margins. Anthers yellow, 2mm long, converging around the style. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, ovoid, 1.2mm long in flower. Style green, glabrous in the apical half, hispidulous in the basal half, 3mm long. Stigma globose-capitate. Calyx tube green, 1mm long, antrorse strigose externally, glabrous internally, 5-lobed. Lobes 2-3mm long, somewhat unequal, 1-1.3mm broad, subacute at the apex, subulate to linear-oblong. Fruit a globose berry to +/-7mm in diameter, blackish when mature, shiny or not. Seeds many.
Flowering - May - November.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, open woods, pastures, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a very common toxic plant. It is in the same family as the tomato and potato. The plant is very variable in size and also in leaf shape but the description above is generally very good for the species. The petals of the corolla are typically white but can have shades of blue or purple.
The name S. americanum is debated and S. ptycanthum Dun. ex DC. may be a better name. S. nigrum var. virginicum L. is also used.
Stems - To 1m tall, erect, herbaceous but can be fairly stout, widely branching, green but often purplish in strong sun, from thickened roots, mostly glabrous but with some strigose hairs on the newest growth, terete or angled, minutely winged from decurrent petiole tissue. Wings to .5mm broad, scabrous from strigose hairs and their enlarged bases.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-4cm long, winged by decurrent blade tissue or not. Blades typically ovate, acute, with wavy margins or a few coarse teeth (the teeth with rounded apices), to +/-10cm long, +/-7cm broad, sparse strigose above and below, deep dull green above, light green below.
Inflorescence - Loose pedunculate umbels or corymbs from the sides of the stem in the internodes. Peduncles to 3cm long, strigose, erect. Pedicels to 1cm long, strigose, spreading to erect in flower, nodding in fruit.
Flowers - Corolla white, 5-lobed, 1cm broad, glabrous. Lobes lanceolate-triangular, 4-5mm long, +/-2mm broad. Corolla tube green, -2mm long, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, erect, exserted. Filaments green, 1-1.3mm long, with some cilia on margins. Anthers yellow, 2mm long, converging around the style. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, ovoid, 1.2mm long in flower. Style green, glabrous in the apical half, hispidulous in the basal half, 3mm long. Stigma globose-capitate. Calyx tube green, 1mm long, antrorse strigose externally, glabrous internally, 5-lobed. Lobes 2-3mm long, somewhat unequal, 1-1.3mm broad, subacute at the apex, subulate to linear-oblong. Fruit a globose berry to +/-7mm in diameter, blackish when mature, shiny or not. Seeds many.
Flowering - May - November.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, open woods, pastures, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a very common toxic plant. It is in the same family as the tomato and potato. The plant is very variable in size and also in leaf shape but the description above is generally very good for the species. The petals of the corolla are typically white but can have shades of blue or purple.
The name S. americanum is debated and S. ptycanthum Dun. ex DC. may be a better name. S. nigrum var. virginicum L. is also used.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - Woody, single. A tree to +15m tall. Bark tan to light grayish. Paired spines present on younger branches. New seasons growth angled, sparsely pubescent.
Leaves - Alternate, odd-pinnate, typically with 7-19 leaflets. Leaflets oval to elliptic, opposite, glabrous when mature, entire, to +2cm long, +1.5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Drooping Axillary racemes to +15cm long. Typically 20-30 flowers per raceme. Peduncle and pedicles pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous, 2cm long and tall. Standard to 1.8cm broad and long, with yellowish spot in center. Stamens diadelphous, tube to 1.4cm long. Anthers orange, -1mm long. Ovary green, flattened, 1.5cm long, 1.1mm broad. Style 6.5mm long, pubescent at apex, upcurving near apex. Calyx tubular, bilabiate, sparsely to moderately pubescent, green mottled with red. Upper lip 3-4mm long, notched at apex. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes 2.5mm long. Fruits compressed, +1cm wide, +/- 7cm long.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Slopes, pastures, open woods, streambanks, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This tree is very common and is easily noticed when flowering. The flowers have a pleasant fragrance but each cluster only last a few days. My dad, who is the master of all things green and growing, recognized it from his days in Europe, where the tree also grows.
Stems - Woody, single. A tree to +15m tall. Bark tan to light grayish. Paired spines present on younger branches. New seasons growth angled, sparsely pubescent.
Leaves - Alternate, odd-pinnate, typically with 7-19 leaflets. Leaflets oval to elliptic, opposite, glabrous when mature, entire, to +2cm long, +1.5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Drooping Axillary racemes to +15cm long. Typically 20-30 flowers per raceme. Peduncle and pedicles pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous, 2cm long and tall. Standard to 1.8cm broad and long, with yellowish spot in center. Stamens diadelphous, tube to 1.4cm long. Anthers orange, -1mm long. Ovary green, flattened, 1.5cm long, 1.1mm broad. Style 6.5mm long, pubescent at apex, upcurving near apex. Calyx tubular, bilabiate, sparsely to moderately pubescent, green mottled with red. Upper lip 3-4mm long, notched at apex. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes 2.5mm long. Fruits compressed, +1cm wide, +/- 7cm long.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Slopes, pastures, open woods, streambanks, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This tree is very common and is easily noticed when flowering. The flowers have a pleasant fragrance but each cluster only last a few days. My dad, who is the master of all things green and growing, recognized it from his days in Europe, where the tree also grows.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Family - Rosaceae
Stems - To +2m tall, multiple from base, woody, branching. New seasons growth lanate-tomentose, green, becoming purplish-brown with maturity.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate. Stipules at base of new leaves, 3mm long, linear. Petiole to 5mm long, lanate-tomentose. Blade obovate to elliptic, serrulate, acute to acuminate, deep green above, paler below, to +7cm long, +4cm broad, glabrous above but with dark red glands on midrib, lanate to pubescent below.
Inflorescence - Termnal cymose panicle on new seasons growth, to 5cm broad, +5cm long, appearing with the new seasons leaves. Pedicels densely lanate, +/-1cm long.
Flowers - Corolla rotate, 1.5cm broad. Petals 5, white, clawed, glabrous. Claw to 1.2mm long. Limb orbicular, 5mm in diameter. Stamens +/-20. Filaments white, glabrous, 4mm long, anthers pinkish to rose, .9mm long and broad. Style 5-parted, reddish-brown at apex, whitish below, 4mm long. Ovary inferior, 5-locular. Receptacle lanate. Hypanthium -2mm long(tall), 3.5mm broad, campanulate, lanate. Sepals 5, 2mm long, 2mm broad at base, triangular. Fruits deep brownish-red to black, globose, 5-8mm in diameter, many seeded.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Low woods, moist to wet ground, also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is widely cultivated throughout Missouri but is found wild in only one southeastern county. It is an easy species to identify because of its showy flower clusters and blackish fruits. The fruits aren't really eaten much by wild animals, hence you will find them on the tree after the leaves have fallen and well into winter.
Stems - To +2m tall, multiple from base, woody, branching. New seasons growth lanate-tomentose, green, becoming purplish-brown with maturity.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate. Stipules at base of new leaves, 3mm long, linear. Petiole to 5mm long, lanate-tomentose. Blade obovate to elliptic, serrulate, acute to acuminate, deep green above, paler below, to +7cm long, +4cm broad, glabrous above but with dark red glands on midrib, lanate to pubescent below.
Inflorescence - Termnal cymose panicle on new seasons growth, to 5cm broad, +5cm long, appearing with the new seasons leaves. Pedicels densely lanate, +/-1cm long.
Flowers - Corolla rotate, 1.5cm broad. Petals 5, white, clawed, glabrous. Claw to 1.2mm long. Limb orbicular, 5mm in diameter. Stamens +/-20. Filaments white, glabrous, 4mm long, anthers pinkish to rose, .9mm long and broad. Style 5-parted, reddish-brown at apex, whitish below, 4mm long. Ovary inferior, 5-locular. Receptacle lanate. Hypanthium -2mm long(tall), 3.5mm broad, campanulate, lanate. Sepals 5, 2mm long, 2mm broad at base, triangular. Fruits deep brownish-red to black, globose, 5-8mm in diameter, many seeded.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Low woods, moist to wet ground, also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is widely cultivated throughout Missouri but is found wild in only one southeastern county. It is an easy species to identify because of its showy flower clusters and blackish fruits. The fruits aren't really eaten much by wild animals, hence you will find them on the tree after the leaves have fallen and well into winter.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Elaeagnaceae
Stems - Commonly multiple from the base but sometimes with a single trunk, to +5m tall, erect, woody. Twigs densely lepidote, silvery. New seasons growth shiny silver because of dense scales.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to -1cm long, densely lepidote, with a shallow adaxial groove. Blades elliptic to lanceolate, to 8cm long, -2.5cm broad, deep green adaxially and sparsely lepidote, slivery green and densely lepidote abaxially, rounded to acute at the apex.
Inflorescence - Axillary umbels of 2-7 flowers. Pedicels to 5mm long in flower (to 12mm in fruit), densely lepidote.
Flowers - Petals absent. Sepals 4, united into a 4-lobed tube. Tube to +1cm long, whitish to pale yellow, drying yellow, 4-angled in cross section, densely lepidote. Lobes ovate, acute, 4-5mm long and broad, pubescent and white internally, lepidote externally. Stamens 4, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube. Filaments wanting. Anthers yellow, drying brown, to 2mm long. Style 1, pale green, stellate pubescent, exserted from the perianth, uncinate at the apex. Calyx tube with nectaries at the base internally. Ovary inferior, with 1 ovule, unilocular. Flowers very fragrant. Fruits globose to ovoid, 3-9mm in diameter, red.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Cultivated and escaped to waste ground, roadsides, fencerows, thickets.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This weedy species can be found escaped in a handful of Missouri counties but it will almost certainly expand its range with time. The plant is listed as a noxious weeds in many parts of North America. The fruits of this shrubby tree are quite edible and many animals help spread the seeds into the wild. The roots have nitrogen fixing nodules that enable the plant to survive in weak soils.
There are a few different species of Elaeagnus in Missouri. All are introduced and invasive.
Stems - Commonly multiple from the base but sometimes with a single trunk, to +5m tall, erect, woody. Twigs densely lepidote, silvery. New seasons growth shiny silver because of dense scales.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to -1cm long, densely lepidote, with a shallow adaxial groove. Blades elliptic to lanceolate, to 8cm long, -2.5cm broad, deep green adaxially and sparsely lepidote, slivery green and densely lepidote abaxially, rounded to acute at the apex.
Inflorescence - Axillary umbels of 2-7 flowers. Pedicels to 5mm long in flower (to 12mm in fruit), densely lepidote.
Flowers - Petals absent. Sepals 4, united into a 4-lobed tube. Tube to +1cm long, whitish to pale yellow, drying yellow, 4-angled in cross section, densely lepidote. Lobes ovate, acute, 4-5mm long and broad, pubescent and white internally, lepidote externally. Stamens 4, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube. Filaments wanting. Anthers yellow, drying brown, to 2mm long. Style 1, pale green, stellate pubescent, exserted from the perianth, uncinate at the apex. Calyx tube with nectaries at the base internally. Ovary inferior, with 1 ovule, unilocular. Flowers very fragrant. Fruits globose to ovoid, 3-9mm in diameter, red.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Cultivated and escaped to waste ground, roadsides, fencerows, thickets.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This weedy species can be found escaped in a handful of Missouri counties but it will almost certainly expand its range with time. The plant is listed as a noxious weeds in many parts of North America. The fruits of this shrubby tree are quite edible and many animals help spread the seeds into the wild. The roots have nitrogen fixing nodules that enable the plant to survive in weak soils.
There are a few different species of Elaeagnus in Missouri. All are introduced and invasive.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Ebenaceae
Stems - Twigs pubescent, with reddish-brown solid pith. New season's growth densely pubescent, green, terete, with short and long hairs. Mature bark blocky with square blocks. Tree to 20m tall but typically seen smaller and more shrubby.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +2cm long, densely pubescent with short and long hairs, light green. Blades to +/-15cm long, +/-8cm broad, ovate, acute, deep shiny green and glabrous above, dull-light green and pubescent below, entire. Main lateral veins expressed below. Leaves of the inflorescence reduced.
Inflorescence - Paired or triple axillary flowers on the new season's growth. Peduncle to +3cm long, densely pubescent. Pedicels to +3cm long, densely pubescent with short and long hairs. Central flower of the inflorescence flowering first.
Flowers - Staminate - Corolla tube white, glabrous internally, mostly glabrous externally but pubescent on the lobes, 1cm long, 7-8mm broad. Lobes recurved, yellowish, 3mm long, 4-5mm broad, rounded. Stamens many (+/-16) adnate at the base of the corolla tube, erect, included. Filaments white, short, to 1mm long, antrorse pubescent at the apex. Anthers 4-5mm long, +1mm broad, brown. A vestigal pistil is surrounded by the stamens in the staminate flowers. Calyx 4-lobed, green, appressed to the corolla tube. Lobes 3mm long, +2mm broad at the base, acute, pubescent externally, mostly glabrous internally except near the apex. Pistillate flowers not seen but larger than the staminate. Fruits globose, 2-6cm in diameter, orange, frequently glaucous, with the persistent calyx. Seeds few to many, strongly compressed, brown.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Dry open and rocky woods, glade edges, prairies, thickets, valleys along streams, old fields, clearings.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout much of Missouri but is mostly absent from the northern portion of the state. The tree is easy to identify becasue of its blocky bark which occurs very early in the plants growth. The sweet, edible fruits are reputed to be best only after they have been through a freezing period. The fruits don't keep long after being picked but can remain on the trees a long time and through much of the winter.
The wood of Persimmon is very hard and was traditionally used to make golf-club heads. It can also be turned into tool handles and other small objects. Pool cues are also frequently made from this wood.
Stems - Twigs pubescent, with reddish-brown solid pith. New season's growth densely pubescent, green, terete, with short and long hairs. Mature bark blocky with square blocks. Tree to 20m tall but typically seen smaller and more shrubby.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +2cm long, densely pubescent with short and long hairs, light green. Blades to +/-15cm long, +/-8cm broad, ovate, acute, deep shiny green and glabrous above, dull-light green and pubescent below, entire. Main lateral veins expressed below. Leaves of the inflorescence reduced.
Inflorescence - Paired or triple axillary flowers on the new season's growth. Peduncle to +3cm long, densely pubescent. Pedicels to +3cm long, densely pubescent with short and long hairs. Central flower of the inflorescence flowering first.
Flowers - Staminate - Corolla tube white, glabrous internally, mostly glabrous externally but pubescent on the lobes, 1cm long, 7-8mm broad. Lobes recurved, yellowish, 3mm long, 4-5mm broad, rounded. Stamens many (+/-16) adnate at the base of the corolla tube, erect, included. Filaments white, short, to 1mm long, antrorse pubescent at the apex. Anthers 4-5mm long, +1mm broad, brown. A vestigal pistil is surrounded by the stamens in the staminate flowers. Calyx 4-lobed, green, appressed to the corolla tube. Lobes 3mm long, +2mm broad at the base, acute, pubescent externally, mostly glabrous internally except near the apex. Pistillate flowers not seen but larger than the staminate. Fruits globose, 2-6cm in diameter, orange, frequently glaucous, with the persistent calyx. Seeds few to many, strongly compressed, brown.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Dry open and rocky woods, glade edges, prairies, thickets, valleys along streams, old fields, clearings.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout much of Missouri but is mostly absent from the northern portion of the state. The tree is easy to identify becasue of its blocky bark which occurs very early in the plants growth. The sweet, edible fruits are reputed to be best only after they have been through a freezing period. The fruits don't keep long after being picked but can remain on the trees a long time and through much of the winter.
The wood of Persimmon is very hard and was traditionally used to make golf-club heads. It can also be turned into tool handles and other small objects. Pool cues are also frequently made from this wood.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Family - Rhamnaceae
Stems - Woody, multiple from base, to 1m tall, branching, ferruginous, sparse pubescent, rugose. New growth sericeous, green.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate. Stipules 4.5mm long, 1mm broad, pubescent, attenuate. Petioles to 7mm long, pubescent. Blades to 6cm long, -3cm broad, oblong-elliptic to lance-oblong, crenate-serrate, blunt to acute, densely pubescent(villous) and dull below, deep green and pubescent above, rounded to cuneate at base.
Inflorescence - Terminal panicles from new growth. Peduncles shorter then subtending leaf, to 2cm long, lanate. Pedicels white, to 1.4cm long, .6mm in diameter, expanding just below hypanthium.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, long clawed, spreading, glabrous, to 2.5mm long. Limb to 1.2mm broad, cupped. Stamens 5, opposite petals, erect. Filaments to 2mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers .2mm long, yellow. Style 3-lobed, 2mm long, glabrous, white. Ovary 3-locular, green, surrounded by peringynous disk. Calyx lobes 5, in-curved, white, glabrous, to 1.6mm long. Hypanthium white, 1mm long, persistent.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Upland and rocky prairies, loess hills, glades, rocky woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Steyermark lists two varieties for this species in the state. The plant described above is var. pubescens T.&G. ex Wats. A synonym for this variety is C. herbaceous var. pubescens (T.&G.) Shinners. This is the most common variation found in the state. The other variety, var. ovatus, has leaves which are glabrous to only sparse pubescent below.
This species is scattered throughout portions of the state but is most frequent in the western half of the state. Another species, C. americanus L., resembles this species but the former has more ovate leaves, more cylindric inflorescences, and longer peduncles. C. americanus is listed in this same section of this website. Both species are brewed as tea for medicinal uses.
Stems - Woody, multiple from base, to 1m tall, branching, ferruginous, sparse pubescent, rugose. New growth sericeous, green.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate. Stipules 4.5mm long, 1mm broad, pubescent, attenuate. Petioles to 7mm long, pubescent. Blades to 6cm long, -3cm broad, oblong-elliptic to lance-oblong, crenate-serrate, blunt to acute, densely pubescent(villous) and dull below, deep green and pubescent above, rounded to cuneate at base.
Inflorescence - Terminal panicles from new growth. Peduncles shorter then subtending leaf, to 2cm long, lanate. Pedicels white, to 1.4cm long, .6mm in diameter, expanding just below hypanthium.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, long clawed, spreading, glabrous, to 2.5mm long. Limb to 1.2mm broad, cupped. Stamens 5, opposite petals, erect. Filaments to 2mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers .2mm long, yellow. Style 3-lobed, 2mm long, glabrous, white. Ovary 3-locular, green, surrounded by peringynous disk. Calyx lobes 5, in-curved, white, glabrous, to 1.6mm long. Hypanthium white, 1mm long, persistent.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Upland and rocky prairies, loess hills, glades, rocky woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Steyermark lists two varieties for this species in the state. The plant described above is var. pubescens T.&G. ex Wats. A synonym for this variety is C. herbaceous var. pubescens (T.&G.) Shinners. This is the most common variation found in the state. The other variety, var. ovatus, has leaves which are glabrous to only sparse pubescent below.
This species is scattered throughout portions of the state but is most frequent in the western half of the state. Another species, C. americanus L., resembles this species but the former has more ovate leaves, more cylindric inflorescences, and longer peduncles. C. americanus is listed in this same section of this website. Both species are brewed as tea for medicinal uses.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Caprifoliaceae
Stems - Woody, single or more commonly multiple from base, to +/-3m tall, branching. Twigs stellate pubescent. New seasons growth dense stellate pubescent.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, serrate-dentate to crenate-serrate, elliptic to ovate or orbicular, acute to abruptly acuminate at apex, stellate pubescent above, densely stellate pubescent below, to +/-10cm long, +/-8cm broad. Petiole +/-3cm long, stellate pubescent, reddish.
Inflorescence - Multiple flat-topped umbellate cymes secund on branches, terminal on new seasons growth. Peduncles to 4cm long, dense stellate pubescent.
Flowers - Outer flowers large, white, sterile, 5 lobed, zygomorphic, to -3cm broad. Inner flowers perfect, 5-lobed, whitish, to 5mm broad. Corolla lobes glabrous. Stamens 5, alternating with corolla lobes, adnate at base of corolla tube, exserted. Filaments to -2mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers .5mm long, yellow. Ovary inferior. Calyx tube 1mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes whitish-green, glabrous.
Fruits - 7mm long, elliptic to subglobose, red at first and maturing to black, single-seeded, drupes.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This is a heavily cultivated species with many varieties. I believe the plant pictured above is var. tomentosum. The plant is one of the most showy of all the shrubs and is considered the most desirable of the genus for cultivation. It will set fruit if plants are in close proximity with one another.
Stems - Woody, single or more commonly multiple from base, to +/-3m tall, branching. Twigs stellate pubescent. New seasons growth dense stellate pubescent.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, serrate-dentate to crenate-serrate, elliptic to ovate or orbicular, acute to abruptly acuminate at apex, stellate pubescent above, densely stellate pubescent below, to +/-10cm long, +/-8cm broad. Petiole +/-3cm long, stellate pubescent, reddish.
Inflorescence - Multiple flat-topped umbellate cymes secund on branches, terminal on new seasons growth. Peduncles to 4cm long, dense stellate pubescent.
Flowers - Outer flowers large, white, sterile, 5 lobed, zygomorphic, to -3cm broad. Inner flowers perfect, 5-lobed, whitish, to 5mm broad. Corolla lobes glabrous. Stamens 5, alternating with corolla lobes, adnate at base of corolla tube, exserted. Filaments to -2mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers .5mm long, yellow. Ovary inferior. Calyx tube 1mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes whitish-green, glabrous.
Fruits - 7mm long, elliptic to subglobose, red at first and maturing to black, single-seeded, drupes.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This is a heavily cultivated species with many varieties. I believe the plant pictured above is var. tomentosum. The plant is one of the most showy of all the shrubs and is considered the most desirable of the genus for cultivation. It will set fruit if plants are in close proximity with one another.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Caprifoliaceae
Stems - Woody, multiple. A shrub to 5m tall. Twigs appearing somewhat glaucous but actually glabrous. New seasons growth glabrous, 5(6)-angled, with longitudinal grooves.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, typically rounded but sometimes slightly cordate at base, toothed, orbicular to broadly-ovate, to 7.5cm long, lower surface dull green with tufts of hairs mostly in vein axils or on veins, upper surface shiny deeper green, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal, compound cymes (resembling compound umbels), to +13cm broad. Pedicles glabrous or with ferruginous stalked and sessile glands. Small scarious bracts present at base of each division of inflorescence.
Flowers - Corolla white, 4-5mm broad, 5-lobed, glabrous internally or with very few sparse hairs, glabrous externally, tube to 1.2mm long, 2-3mm broad, campanulate. Stamens 5, well exserted, alternating with corolla lobes. Filaments to 4mm long, white, glabrous, borne at base of corolla tube. Anthers yellow, .6mm long. Calyx tube to 2mm long, 1mm broad, cylindric, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes greenish-white, very small, tuberculate.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Low alluvial woods on terraces and wooded slopes. Widely cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is just one of the many species in this genus cultivated in Missouri. The plant can be identified by its suborbicular, dentate leaves (which have deeply impressed lateral veins).
Natives used the wood from the tree to make arrows for hunting. They also used the inner bark as a tobacco substitute.
Stems - Woody, multiple. A shrub to 5m tall. Twigs appearing somewhat glaucous but actually glabrous. New seasons growth glabrous, 5(6)-angled, with longitudinal grooves.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, typically rounded but sometimes slightly cordate at base, toothed, orbicular to broadly-ovate, to 7.5cm long, lower surface dull green with tufts of hairs mostly in vein axils or on veins, upper surface shiny deeper green, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal, compound cymes (resembling compound umbels), to +13cm broad. Pedicles glabrous or with ferruginous stalked and sessile glands. Small scarious bracts present at base of each division of inflorescence.
Flowers - Corolla white, 4-5mm broad, 5-lobed, glabrous internally or with very few sparse hairs, glabrous externally, tube to 1.2mm long, 2-3mm broad, campanulate. Stamens 5, well exserted, alternating with corolla lobes. Filaments to 4mm long, white, glabrous, borne at base of corolla tube. Anthers yellow, .6mm long. Calyx tube to 2mm long, 1mm broad, cylindric, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes greenish-white, very small, tuberculate.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Low alluvial woods on terraces and wooded slopes. Widely cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is just one of the many species in this genus cultivated in Missouri. The plant can be identified by its suborbicular, dentate leaves (which have deeply impressed lateral veins).
Natives used the wood from the tree to make arrows for hunting. They also used the inner bark as a tobacco substitute.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Caprifoliaceae
Stems - To +3m tall, woody, glabrous, erect, branching, multiple from base, with large whitish pith. New growth green, glabrous, often glaucous.
Leaves - Opposite, pinnately compound. Petioles to +6cm long, glabrous, with an adaxial groove. Petiolules to +5mm long. Leaflets typically 5-9 per leaf, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent, oblong to lanceolate, crenate-serrate, to +10cm long, +5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal compound cymes, typically dome shaped to flattened, to 30cm broad.
Flowers - Corolla white, 5-lobed, glabrous, 5-6mm broad. Lobes 2.2mm long, 2mm broad, rounded to emarginate at apex. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube, alternating with corolla lobes, erect to spreading. Filaments white, glabrous, 2.4mm long. Anthers yellow, .5mm long. Style wanting. Stigma 5-lobed, capitate. Ovary inferior, 4-locular. Calyx tube 1mm long, creamy white, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, .5mm long. Fruits blackish-purple, globose, glabrous, to 5mm in diameter, 4-seeded.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Open woods, thickets, waste ground, disturbed sites, fence rows, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is actually quite aggressive if given the right conditions. It spreads by suckering. The fruits are edible if cooked (boiled) and this plant is the source of the ever popular "Elderberry jelly". The pith of the stems is large, soft, and easily removed and my dad tells childhood stories of making flutes from stems of a similar European species. Don't get too much sap in your mouth though, it's toxic. The plants contain calcium oxalate crystals which do a number on a persons kidneys.
Stems - To +3m tall, woody, glabrous, erect, branching, multiple from base, with large whitish pith. New growth green, glabrous, often glaucous.
Leaves - Opposite, pinnately compound. Petioles to +6cm long, glabrous, with an adaxial groove. Petiolules to +5mm long. Leaflets typically 5-9 per leaf, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent, oblong to lanceolate, crenate-serrate, to +10cm long, +5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal compound cymes, typically dome shaped to flattened, to 30cm broad.
Flowers - Corolla white, 5-lobed, glabrous, 5-6mm broad. Lobes 2.2mm long, 2mm broad, rounded to emarginate at apex. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube, alternating with corolla lobes, erect to spreading. Filaments white, glabrous, 2.4mm long. Anthers yellow, .5mm long. Style wanting. Stigma 5-lobed, capitate. Ovary inferior, 4-locular. Calyx tube 1mm long, creamy white, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, .5mm long. Fruits blackish-purple, globose, glabrous, to 5mm in diameter, 4-seeded.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Open woods, thickets, waste ground, disturbed sites, fence rows, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is actually quite aggressive if given the right conditions. It spreads by suckering. The fruits are edible if cooked (boiled) and this plant is the source of the ever popular "Elderberry jelly". The pith of the stems is large, soft, and easily removed and my dad tells childhood stories of making flutes from stems of a similar European species. Don't get too much sap in your mouth though, it's toxic. The plants contain calcium oxalate crystals which do a number on a persons kidneys.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Caprifoliaceae
Stems - Woody, multiple from base. A shrub to +5m tall, erect. New seasons growth tomentose. Twigs tomentose, typically hollow.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, simple. Petioles to +/-6mm long, tomentose. Blades ovate-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, entire, to +/-9cm long, +/-4cm broad, typically glabrous adaxially but sometimes with pubescence on midrib, pubescent abaxially especially on veins. Margins ciliolate.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate paired flowers. Peduncles +/-3mm long, pubescent, with a pair of small bracts at the joint in the peduncle. Bracts to 3mm long, linear, ciliate. Pair of bracts subtending the calyx and ovary to 1.7mm long, rounded, ciliate-margined, green, pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla white when fresh, fading to a yellowish-white when older, often with some pinkish tinge at base of tube. Corolla tube to 9mm long, 2-3mm in diameter, tomentose externally, pubescent internally. Corolla bilabiate. Lower lip single-lobed. Lobe to +1.5cm long, 4mm broad, rounded at apex, glabrous internally, tomentose externally. Upper lip 4-lobed. Lobes to +1.5cm long, rounded at apex, pubescent externally, glabrous internally. Stamens 5, exserted, alternating with the corolla lobes, adnate at apex of corolla tube. Filaments to 1.1cm long, pubescent at base, glabrous near apex, white. Anthers yellow, to 6mm long, 1.2mm broad. Style white, 1.6cm long, pubescent, exserted. Stigma green, capitate. Ovary inferior, green, 3-locular, 1.5mm in diameter, sub-globose. Placentation axile. Calyx tube +/-1.5mm long, 5-lobed, pubescent, green. Lobes unequal, shallow, +/-1mm long, acute, greenish-white. Fruits red, 2-4mm in diameter, glabrous, fleshy.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Disturbed sites, thickets, roadsides, railroads, woodland borders.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This nasty and aggressive species was brought to North America in 1855 as an ornamental. It has since spread rapidly and is found over much of the eastern half of the U.S. from Kansas east. The berries are eaten by birds which helps the plant spread rapidly. There are other species of bush honeysuckles in Missouri but this is the most aggressive and common.
Stems - Woody, multiple from base. A shrub to +5m tall, erect. New seasons growth tomentose. Twigs tomentose, typically hollow.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, simple. Petioles to +/-6mm long, tomentose. Blades ovate-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, entire, to +/-9cm long, +/-4cm broad, typically glabrous adaxially but sometimes with pubescence on midrib, pubescent abaxially especially on veins. Margins ciliolate.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate paired flowers. Peduncles +/-3mm long, pubescent, with a pair of small bracts at the joint in the peduncle. Bracts to 3mm long, linear, ciliate. Pair of bracts subtending the calyx and ovary to 1.7mm long, rounded, ciliate-margined, green, pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla white when fresh, fading to a yellowish-white when older, often with some pinkish tinge at base of tube. Corolla tube to 9mm long, 2-3mm in diameter, tomentose externally, pubescent internally. Corolla bilabiate. Lower lip single-lobed. Lobe to +1.5cm long, 4mm broad, rounded at apex, glabrous internally, tomentose externally. Upper lip 4-lobed. Lobes to +1.5cm long, rounded at apex, pubescent externally, glabrous internally. Stamens 5, exserted, alternating with the corolla lobes, adnate at apex of corolla tube. Filaments to 1.1cm long, pubescent at base, glabrous near apex, white. Anthers yellow, to 6mm long, 1.2mm broad. Style white, 1.6cm long, pubescent, exserted. Stigma green, capitate. Ovary inferior, green, 3-locular, 1.5mm in diameter, sub-globose. Placentation axile. Calyx tube +/-1.5mm long, 5-lobed, pubescent, green. Lobes unequal, shallow, +/-1mm long, acute, greenish-white. Fruits red, 2-4mm in diameter, glabrous, fleshy.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Disturbed sites, thickets, roadsides, railroads, woodland borders.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This nasty and aggressive species was brought to North America in 1855 as an ornamental. It has since spread rapidly and is found over much of the eastern half of the U.S. from Kansas east. The berries are eaten by birds which helps the plant spread rapidly. There are other species of bush honeysuckles in Missouri but this is the most aggressive and common.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Hippocastanaceae
Stems - Multiple from base, woody, erect, branching, to +5m tall. Young growth often reddish-green, glabrous.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, palmately compound with 5 leaflets. Leaflets glabrous, obovate, acute, margins entire, to +/-10 cm long, +/-5cm broad. Petioles reddish, glabrous to sparse pubescent, to +15cm long.
Inflorescence - Long terminal panicle to +30cm long(tall). Axis sparse pubescent. Pedicels to 7mm long, pubescent.
Flowers - Petals 4, equal, clawed, white, glabrous, rugose internally, to 1.6cm long, 3-4mm broad at apex, typically notched at apex. Stamens 6, exserted. Filaments white, to 4cm long, glabrous. Anthers red, 2.5mm long, 1.2mm broad. Style 6mm long, pubescent. Calyx 5-lobed, creamy white. Calyx tube to 5mm long, 2-3mm in diameter, pubescent. Lobes subequal, 2mm long, reddish at apex, rounded.
Fruit - Shiny, smooth capsule, longer than broad, with 1-3 seeds.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to southeastern U.S.
Other info. - This plant is gaining popularity as an ornamental because of the many long, attractive panciles it produces in flower. The seeds are toxic.
Stems - Multiple from base, woody, erect, branching, to +5m tall. Young growth often reddish-green, glabrous.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, palmately compound with 5 leaflets. Leaflets glabrous, obovate, acute, margins entire, to +/-10 cm long, +/-5cm broad. Petioles reddish, glabrous to sparse pubescent, to +15cm long.
Inflorescence - Long terminal panicle to +30cm long(tall). Axis sparse pubescent. Pedicels to 7mm long, pubescent.
Flowers - Petals 4, equal, clawed, white, glabrous, rugose internally, to 1.6cm long, 3-4mm broad at apex, typically notched at apex. Stamens 6, exserted. Filaments white, to 4cm long, glabrous. Anthers red, 2.5mm long, 1.2mm broad. Style 6mm long, pubescent. Calyx 5-lobed, creamy white. Calyx tube to 5mm long, 2-3mm in diameter, pubescent. Lobes subequal, 2mm long, reddish at apex, rounded.
Fruit - Shiny, smooth capsule, longer than broad, with 1-3 seeds.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to southeastern U.S.
Other info. - This plant is gaining popularity as an ornamental because of the many long, attractive panciles it produces in flower. The seeds are toxic.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Cornaceae
Stems - Woody, multiple from base, to +/-3m tall. New season's growth densely pubescent. Twigs reddish.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +1cm long, densely pubescent. Blades broadly elliptic to broadly ovate, abruptly acuter to acuminate, entire, to +/-10cm long, +/-7cm broad, densely pubescent and green above (the pubescence erect to appressed), silvery-green and densely pubescent below.
Inflorescence - Terminal domed cymes, typically as high as broad when mature, to +/-9cm long (tall). Branches of inflorescence densely pubescent. The pubescence typically erect.
Flowers - Petals 4, distinct, +/-4mm long, 2mm broad, glabrous, acute, whitish. Stamens 4, alternating with petals, erect, exserted. Filaments to 4mm long, whitish, glabrous. Anthers yellowish, 1.1mm long. Style glabrous, whitish, 2.2mm long. Stigma capitate. Ovary inferior, 2-locular. Calyx tube pubescent, creamy white, 2mm long, 1.8mm in diameter, with 4 minute lobes. Lobes to .4mm long, acute.
Fruits - White, globose, 5-6mm in diameter, on red stalks.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Moist ground, prairie borders, thickets, slopes, roadsides, sometimes cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant produces many suckers and will form dense colonies if conditions are right. It flowers earlier than most other Cornus in the state.
Stems - Woody, multiple from base, to +/-3m tall. New season's growth densely pubescent. Twigs reddish.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +1cm long, densely pubescent. Blades broadly elliptic to broadly ovate, abruptly acuter to acuminate, entire, to +/-10cm long, +/-7cm broad, densely pubescent and green above (the pubescence erect to appressed), silvery-green and densely pubescent below.
Inflorescence - Terminal domed cymes, typically as high as broad when mature, to +/-9cm long (tall). Branches of inflorescence densely pubescent. The pubescence typically erect.
Flowers - Petals 4, distinct, +/-4mm long, 2mm broad, glabrous, acute, whitish. Stamens 4, alternating with petals, erect, exserted. Filaments to 4mm long, whitish, glabrous. Anthers yellowish, 1.1mm long. Style glabrous, whitish, 2.2mm long. Stigma capitate. Ovary inferior, 2-locular. Calyx tube pubescent, creamy white, 2mm long, 1.8mm in diameter, with 4 minute lobes. Lobes to .4mm long, acute.
Fruits - White, globose, 5-6mm in diameter, on red stalks.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Moist ground, prairie borders, thickets, slopes, roadsides, sometimes cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant produces many suckers and will form dense colonies if conditions are right. It flowers earlier than most other Cornus in the state.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Cornaceae
Stems - To +4m tall, erect, woody, single or multiple from the base. Twigs reddish-brown, terete, with many small malpighian hairs. New seasons growth green, with many malpighian hairs.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Blades simple, oblong-elliptic to elliptic-ovate, entire, acuminate, to +10cm long, +/-5cm broad, slightly scabrous and dark green adaxially with strigose pubescence, soft and gray-green abaxially with erect pubescence.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate corymbiform cyme on the new seasons growth, to +/-8cm broad. Peduncle to +/-4cm long, scabrous, with appressed whitish and reddish hairs. Pedicels .5 to 1.5mm long, appressed pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla white, 4-lobed, to 8mm broad, glabrous internally, appressed pubescent externally. Corolla lobes subulate to lanceolate, 3-4mm long, -2mm broad, acute. Corolla tube 2mm long, greenish white. Stamens 4, alternating with the corolla lobes, exserted, erect to spreading. Filaments white, glabrous, 3-4mm long. Anthers yellow, 2mm long. Style 1, erect, 3mm long, white, glabrous, surrounded basally by a thick light-pinkish nectary. Stigma greenish, capitate. Ovary inferior, 2-locular, with 2 ovules. Placentation axile. Calyx lobes 4, minute, alternating with the corolla lobes, to .5mm long, triangular, appressed pubescent externally, glabrous internally.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Dry or rocky woods, thickets, limestone, glades, prairies, bluffs, wet ground along streams, fence rows, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species of Dogwood can be found throughout Missouri and is quite common. The plant would make a good garden specimen as it requires no care once established. The bunches of white flowers are not that long persistent, however.
C. drummondi is the most common species of Dogwood in the state and it can be identified in the field by its small white flowers, green twigs, scabrous adaxial leaf surfaces, and the erect pubescent abaxial surface of its leaves.
Stems - To +4m tall, erect, woody, single or multiple from the base. Twigs reddish-brown, terete, with many small malpighian hairs. New seasons growth green, with many malpighian hairs.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Blades simple, oblong-elliptic to elliptic-ovate, entire, acuminate, to +10cm long, +/-5cm broad, slightly scabrous and dark green adaxially with strigose pubescence, soft and gray-green abaxially with erect pubescence.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate corymbiform cyme on the new seasons growth, to +/-8cm broad. Peduncle to +/-4cm long, scabrous, with appressed whitish and reddish hairs. Pedicels .5 to 1.5mm long, appressed pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla white, 4-lobed, to 8mm broad, glabrous internally, appressed pubescent externally. Corolla lobes subulate to lanceolate, 3-4mm long, -2mm broad, acute. Corolla tube 2mm long, greenish white. Stamens 4, alternating with the corolla lobes, exserted, erect to spreading. Filaments white, glabrous, 3-4mm long. Anthers yellow, 2mm long. Style 1, erect, 3mm long, white, glabrous, surrounded basally by a thick light-pinkish nectary. Stigma greenish, capitate. Ovary inferior, 2-locular, with 2 ovules. Placentation axile. Calyx lobes 4, minute, alternating with the corolla lobes, to .5mm long, triangular, appressed pubescent externally, glabrous internally.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Dry or rocky woods, thickets, limestone, glades, prairies, bluffs, wet ground along streams, fence rows, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species of Dogwood can be found throughout Missouri and is quite common. The plant would make a good garden specimen as it requires no care once established. The bunches of white flowers are not that long persistent, however.
C. drummondi is the most common species of Dogwood in the state and it can be identified in the field by its small white flowers, green twigs, scabrous adaxial leaf surfaces, and the erect pubescent abaxial surface of its leaves.
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