文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Orchidaceae
Stems - Flowering stem to +/-60cm tall, erect, herbaceous, greenish-brown, glabrous, essentially leafless. Flowering stem from a small corm.
Leaves - Basal leaf single, entire (the margins often sinuous), glabrous, to +9cm long, +5cm broad, elliptic to ovate or somewhat cordate, dull to shiny green above (most often with purple spots), shiny purple abaxially, acute to subacute at apex. Purple spots on blade often slightly raised compared to the rest of the leaf tissue. Petiole of leaf to +3cm long, glabrous, purple. Leaves of flowering stem reduced to minute bracts.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme to 30cm tall. Pedicels spreading, to 8mm long, glabrous, each flower subtended by a minute scale-like bract. Bracts maroon, .1mm long (use a lens to see).
Flowers - Ovary inferior, 6-7mm long in flower, glabrous, greenish-brown. Sepals 3, spreading, 7-8mm long, 2-3mm broad, glabrous, elliptic, greenish-brown. Petals 3. Lateral 2 petals spreading, 5-6mm long, 1-2mm broad, linear-elliptic. Central petal deflexed, 6-7mm long, with 2 basal appendages, lighter in color than the other petals or sepals, glabrous, curled at base (slightly). Spur of central lower lip long, longer than ovary and pedicel combined, +2cm long, fairly straight. Column light green, rounded at apex, 4-5mm long, 1.5mm broad. Pollinia yellow, 1mm broad.
Flowering - July - August.
Habitat - Moist soil of mesic forests, stream terraces, tops of shallow sand dunes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - T. discolor is a relatively new species to Missouri, having only been reported for the first time in 1983. It is believed that this species is expanding its range in the U.S. and the Missouri population may be part of this expansion. The plant can only be found in the extreme southeastern corner of the state. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its distinctive leaves (which appear in the fall, overwinter, and wilt at anthesis) and its plain-colored inflorescences, which appear in the summer.
T. discolor is sometimes mistaken for another species, Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl.) Torr., but the latter has a silvery leaf with many veins. Here is a picture of the leaf of Aplectrum.
Stems - Flowering stem to +/-60cm tall, erect, herbaceous, greenish-brown, glabrous, essentially leafless. Flowering stem from a small corm.
Leaves - Basal leaf single, entire (the margins often sinuous), glabrous, to +9cm long, +5cm broad, elliptic to ovate or somewhat cordate, dull to shiny green above (most often with purple spots), shiny purple abaxially, acute to subacute at apex. Purple spots on blade often slightly raised compared to the rest of the leaf tissue. Petiole of leaf to +3cm long, glabrous, purple. Leaves of flowering stem reduced to minute bracts.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme to 30cm tall. Pedicels spreading, to 8mm long, glabrous, each flower subtended by a minute scale-like bract. Bracts maroon, .1mm long (use a lens to see).
Flowers - Ovary inferior, 6-7mm long in flower, glabrous, greenish-brown. Sepals 3, spreading, 7-8mm long, 2-3mm broad, glabrous, elliptic, greenish-brown. Petals 3. Lateral 2 petals spreading, 5-6mm long, 1-2mm broad, linear-elliptic. Central petal deflexed, 6-7mm long, with 2 basal appendages, lighter in color than the other petals or sepals, glabrous, curled at base (slightly). Spur of central lower lip long, longer than ovary and pedicel combined, +2cm long, fairly straight. Column light green, rounded at apex, 4-5mm long, 1.5mm broad. Pollinia yellow, 1mm broad.
Flowering - July - August.
Habitat - Moist soil of mesic forests, stream terraces, tops of shallow sand dunes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - T. discolor is a relatively new species to Missouri, having only been reported for the first time in 1983. It is believed that this species is expanding its range in the U.S. and the Missouri population may be part of this expansion. The plant can only be found in the extreme southeastern corner of the state. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its distinctive leaves (which appear in the fall, overwinter, and wilt at anthesis) and its plain-colored inflorescences, which appear in the summer.
T. discolor is sometimes mistaken for another species, Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl.) Torr., but the latter has a silvery leaf with many veins. Here is a picture of the leaf of Aplectrum.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Orchidaceae
Stems - To +/-50cm tall, erect, herbaceous, simple, single or double from the base, glabrous, with vertical ridges formed by decurrent leaf and bract tissue, green.
Leaves - 2-5 per stem, sessile, sheathing, glabrous, entire, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute at apex, the largest with blades to +/-12cm long, +/-2cm broad, dull green above, slightly more shiny below. The midrib deeply impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal spike to +/-10cm long (tall). Axis glabrous. Each flower subtended by a lanceolate bract. Bracts shorter or longer than the flowers (depending on the variety), green, glabrous, entire.
Flowers - Sessile, green. Floral tube -1cm long, typically twisted, glabrous. Sepals 3, ovate to orbicular, glabrous, entire, to 4mm long, 3mm broad. The lateral two spreading. Petals yellow-green. The spur to 6mm long, slightly curved, glabrous. Lower lip blunt at the apex to very slightly emarginate, to +/-4mm long, 3mm broad, glabrous, with two small basal projections and a tubercle at the base adaxially. Lateral petals rounded to ovate or obovate, spreading, 3-4mm long and broad, glabrous. Column -2mm long and broad, facing forward. Pollinia 1.3mm long. Pollen white.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Mesic bottoms, mesic prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is relatively uncommon. The plant is fairly easy to identify because of its green flowers, which are spurred and have an undivided lower lip.
P. flava is commonly divided into two varieties. Both these varieties occur in Missouri but may be hard to differentiate. The varieties are differentiated on the basis of bract length on the inflorescence and also number of leaves per plant. The longer-bracted plants, var. herbiola (R. Br.) Luer are more common in Missouri than the shorter-bracted plants, var. flava.
Stems - To +/-50cm tall, erect, herbaceous, simple, single or double from the base, glabrous, with vertical ridges formed by decurrent leaf and bract tissue, green.
Leaves - 2-5 per stem, sessile, sheathing, glabrous, entire, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute at apex, the largest with blades to +/-12cm long, +/-2cm broad, dull green above, slightly more shiny below. The midrib deeply impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal spike to +/-10cm long (tall). Axis glabrous. Each flower subtended by a lanceolate bract. Bracts shorter or longer than the flowers (depending on the variety), green, glabrous, entire.
Flowers - Sessile, green. Floral tube -1cm long, typically twisted, glabrous. Sepals 3, ovate to orbicular, glabrous, entire, to 4mm long, 3mm broad. The lateral two spreading. Petals yellow-green. The spur to 6mm long, slightly curved, glabrous. Lower lip blunt at the apex to very slightly emarginate, to +/-4mm long, 3mm broad, glabrous, with two small basal projections and a tubercle at the base adaxially. Lateral petals rounded to ovate or obovate, spreading, 3-4mm long and broad, glabrous. Column -2mm long and broad, facing forward. Pollinia 1.3mm long. Pollen white.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Mesic bottoms, mesic prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is relatively uncommon. The plant is fairly easy to identify because of its green flowers, which are spurred and have an undivided lower lip.
P. flava is commonly divided into two varieties. Both these varieties occur in Missouri but may be hard to differentiate. The varieties are differentiated on the basis of bract length on the inflorescence and also number of leaves per plant. The longer-bracted plants, var. herbiola (R. Br.) Luer are more common in Missouri than the shorter-bracted plants, var. flava.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Orchidaceae
Stems - Flowering stems to 30cm tall, erect, herbaceous, glabrous, slightly angled or winged, from a fleshy corm and fleshy roots.
Leaves - One per flowering stem. Often a much reduced leaf may be present near the base of the flowering stem also. Stem leaf ovate, entire, glabrous, green adaxially, silvery-green abaxially, acute, to 8cm long, 5cm broad, sheathing at the base all the way to the base of the flowering stem.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, dense in flower, elongated in fruit. Pedicels to 1cm long, glabrous, subtended by a small subulate bract. Bracts to 3mm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Small, green, 5mm long, glabrous. Floral tube 2mm long. Upper sepals deflexed, 2mm long. Lower sepals rounded at the apex, 2mm long, the margins revolute. Lateral petals thin, linear, to 1.5mm long, recurved. Corolla lip 2-lobed, 2.5-3mm long. The lobes acute. The upper lip whitish-green. Column 3-lobed (the lobes acute), .75mm long. Capsules spreading, 3-6mm long, elliptic, ribbed.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Mesic to dry upland woods, typically on acidic substrates.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little orchid is found in the Ozark region of Missouri. Because of its green color and small size, the plant is easily overlooked in the field. This is an easy plant to ID, however, as nothing else in our flora resembles it.
Stems - Flowering stems to 30cm tall, erect, herbaceous, glabrous, slightly angled or winged, from a fleshy corm and fleshy roots.
Leaves - One per flowering stem. Often a much reduced leaf may be present near the base of the flowering stem also. Stem leaf ovate, entire, glabrous, green adaxially, silvery-green abaxially, acute, to 8cm long, 5cm broad, sheathing at the base all the way to the base of the flowering stem.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, dense in flower, elongated in fruit. Pedicels to 1cm long, glabrous, subtended by a small subulate bract. Bracts to 3mm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Small, green, 5mm long, glabrous. Floral tube 2mm long. Upper sepals deflexed, 2mm long. Lower sepals rounded at the apex, 2mm long, the margins revolute. Lateral petals thin, linear, to 1.5mm long, recurved. Corolla lip 2-lobed, 2.5-3mm long. The lobes acute. The upper lip whitish-green. Column 3-lobed (the lobes acute), .75mm long. Capsules spreading, 3-6mm long, elliptic, ribbed.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Mesic to dry upland woods, typically on acidic substrates.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little orchid is found in the Ozark region of Missouri. Because of its green color and small size, the plant is easily overlooked in the field. This is an easy plant to ID, however, as nothing else in our flora resembles it.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Berberidaceae
Stems - From rhizomes, to +/-50cm tall, erect, herbaceous, multiple from the base, glaucous, terete, green with purple at the base, glabrous.
Leaves - Mostly one leaf per stem, triternate. Leaflets 3(4-5)-lobed a the apex, entire, glabrous, 4-5cm long, +/-3cm broad. Lobes of the leaflets acute, with a small whitish apex. Main veins of the leaflets arising from the base of the leaflet. All veins impressed above, expressed below. Lateral leaflets often oblique at the base.
Inflorescence - Axillary panicle to +4cm long. Peduncle to +3cm long, glabrous. Ech division of the panicle subtended a minute bract. Bracts 1-2mm long, acute, scarious on the margins.
Flowers - Petaloid sepals 6, yellow-green, spatulate, rounded at the apex, +/-5mm long, 2-3mm broad, with slightly darker veins, distinct. Petals smaller than the sepals, green, glabrous, hooded, 2mm long, 2mm broad at the apex. Stamens 6, ascending. Filaments green, glabrous, 1.5mm long. Anthers yellow, 1mm long, 1mm broad, bi-lobed. Ovary green, obovoid, glabrous, +2mm long, -2mm broad, slightly 3-sided, unilocular, with 3 ovules, tapering into a -1mm long style. Stigma minute. Placentation basal.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Rich woods in valleys, ravines, north-facing wooded slopes, moist base of bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S. and Asia.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout most of Missouri but is generally found in the eastern half of the state. The plant can be identified in the field by its glaucous stems, ternately divided leaves (the leaf picture above is of just the terminal division of a leaf), its greenish flowers, and its brilliant blue seeds (which I have no pictures of at this time). The plant also has a thick root which was used medicinally by natives. A tea made from the root was used to treat a variety of ailments such as abdominal cramps, urinary tract infections, and problems with the uterus. The roots may also have contraceptive properties. The root of the plant contains glycosides and alkaloids and many people get a reaction from handling the roots. The seeds of the plant are toxic and should not be eaten.
Stems - From rhizomes, to +/-50cm tall, erect, herbaceous, multiple from the base, glaucous, terete, green with purple at the base, glabrous.
Leaves - Mostly one leaf per stem, triternate. Leaflets 3(4-5)-lobed a the apex, entire, glabrous, 4-5cm long, +/-3cm broad. Lobes of the leaflets acute, with a small whitish apex. Main veins of the leaflets arising from the base of the leaflet. All veins impressed above, expressed below. Lateral leaflets often oblique at the base.
Inflorescence - Axillary panicle to +4cm long. Peduncle to +3cm long, glabrous. Ech division of the panicle subtended a minute bract. Bracts 1-2mm long, acute, scarious on the margins.
Flowers - Petaloid sepals 6, yellow-green, spatulate, rounded at the apex, +/-5mm long, 2-3mm broad, with slightly darker veins, distinct. Petals smaller than the sepals, green, glabrous, hooded, 2mm long, 2mm broad at the apex. Stamens 6, ascending. Filaments green, glabrous, 1.5mm long. Anthers yellow, 1mm long, 1mm broad, bi-lobed. Ovary green, obovoid, glabrous, +2mm long, -2mm broad, slightly 3-sided, unilocular, with 3 ovules, tapering into a -1mm long style. Stigma minute. Placentation basal.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Rich woods in valleys, ravines, north-facing wooded slopes, moist base of bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S. and Asia.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout most of Missouri but is generally found in the eastern half of the state. The plant can be identified in the field by its glaucous stems, ternately divided leaves (the leaf picture above is of just the terminal division of a leaf), its greenish flowers, and its brilliant blue seeds (which I have no pictures of at this time). The plant also has a thick root which was used medicinally by natives. A tea made from the root was used to treat a variety of ailments such as abdominal cramps, urinary tract infections, and problems with the uterus. The roots may also have contraceptive properties. The root of the plant contains glycosides and alkaloids and many people get a reaction from handling the roots. The seeds of the plant are toxic and should not be eaten.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +2m tall, glabrous, glaucous, herbaceous, erect, from a short caudex and large thickened roots, fistulose, simple but widely branching in the inflorescence, sometimes with few black glands near nodes (from leaf petioles).
Leaves - Basal leaves long-petiolate. Petioles with an adaxial groove (groove "U" shaped), often purplish at the base. Blades large, cordate, coarse shallow dentate, deep green adaxially, glaucous abaxially, to +20cm long, +15cm broad. Sinuses and teeth rounded. Cauline leaves similar to basals but reduced, becoming more sharply toothed, often cuneate at the base of the blade or truncate. Petioles of cauline leaves often with abaxial black glands.
Inflorescence - Terminal corymbiform arrangement of multiple flower heads, to +/-20cm broad at maturity. The peduncles glabrous. Some divisions of the inflorescence subtended by small bracts.
Involucre - Uniseriate, of linear bracts (5-6), to 1cm tall, 3-4mm in diameter, cylindric. Phyllaries overlapping on margins, appearing united, with scarious margins, yellowish-green to greenish-white, subacute at apex, to 1.5mm broad.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - 4-5 per flower head, exserted from the involucre. Corolla greenish-white, glabrous, 5-lobed. Corolla tube to 5mm long. Lobes to +3mm long, linear, curling. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, exserted. Filaments green, glabrous, 2mm long. Anthers connate around the style, brownish, to +2mm long. Style green, glabrous, well exserted, bifurcate. Stigmas spreading. Achenes green in flower, +/-2mm long, terete, glabrous. Pappus of white barbellate bristles, to 5mm long, many.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Wooded slopes, rocky stream margins, open woods, railroads, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The leaves of this species are quite thick and leathery. The plant is often found wilted in periods of little rain. The leaf pictured above is typical of the plants I have encountered but the leaves can be quite variable in shape.
Stems - To +2m tall, glabrous, glaucous, herbaceous, erect, from a short caudex and large thickened roots, fistulose, simple but widely branching in the inflorescence, sometimes with few black glands near nodes (from leaf petioles).
Leaves - Basal leaves long-petiolate. Petioles with an adaxial groove (groove "U" shaped), often purplish at the base. Blades large, cordate, coarse shallow dentate, deep green adaxially, glaucous abaxially, to +20cm long, +15cm broad. Sinuses and teeth rounded. Cauline leaves similar to basals but reduced, becoming more sharply toothed, often cuneate at the base of the blade or truncate. Petioles of cauline leaves often with abaxial black glands.
Inflorescence - Terminal corymbiform arrangement of multiple flower heads, to +/-20cm broad at maturity. The peduncles glabrous. Some divisions of the inflorescence subtended by small bracts.
Involucre - Uniseriate, of linear bracts (5-6), to 1cm tall, 3-4mm in diameter, cylindric. Phyllaries overlapping on margins, appearing united, with scarious margins, yellowish-green to greenish-white, subacute at apex, to 1.5mm broad.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - 4-5 per flower head, exserted from the involucre. Corolla greenish-white, glabrous, 5-lobed. Corolla tube to 5mm long. Lobes to +3mm long, linear, curling. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, exserted. Filaments green, glabrous, 2mm long. Anthers connate around the style, brownish, to +2mm long. Style green, glabrous, well exserted, bifurcate. Stigmas spreading. Achenes green in flower, +/-2mm long, terete, glabrous. Pappus of white barbellate bristles, to 5mm long, many.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Wooded slopes, rocky stream margins, open woods, railroads, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The leaves of this species are quite thick and leathery. The plant is often found wilted in periods of little rain. The leaf pictured above is typical of the plants I have encountered but the leaves can be quite variable in shape.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Euphorbiaceae
Stems - From a single taproot, erect, branching, herbaceous, often purplish with green vertical striations, glandular pubescent and with vertical lines of tomentoulose hairs extending downward from the leaf petiole bases, to 40cm tall.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-4cm long, puberulent and with some glandular pubescence near the apex, often reddish near the apex. Blades cordate at the base, ovate, acute at the apex, evenly serrate, to +5cm long, 3cm broad, sparse pubescent above and below. Blades appear peltate because of the strongly cordate base.
Inflorescence - Staminate inflorescences axillary, short pedunculate, cylindric, to +/-1cm long. Peduncles tomentose, 3mm long. Flowers dense, with a glabrous pedicel to .3mm long. Pistillate inflorescence terminal, cylindric, sessile, to +/-1.5cm long in flower, quickly elongating in fruit. Flowers dense, sessile. Each pistillate flower subtended by a sessile bract to 1.5mm broad. Bracts 10-lobed (or 5-lobed and the lobes divided), green. Lobes of the bracts linear, .6-.7mm long, aristate. Base of the bracts strigose.
Flowers - Staminate flowers with 4 translucent to green sepals. Sepals ovate, .4mm long, acute, often with some red tinge. Pistillate flowers with 3 styles. Styles deeply divided into long-attenuate to hairlike divisions to 3mm long. The divisions whitened in the apical 1/2. Ovary green, globose, 1mm in diameter in flower, with green papillae on the surface.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Moist open ground, fallow ground, cultivated areas, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This weedy species can be found in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to identify because of its cordate leaves, which appear peltate, and its terminal spike of pistillate flowers.
In cultivated areas and disturbed sites the plant can form large colonies.
Stems - From a single taproot, erect, branching, herbaceous, often purplish with green vertical striations, glandular pubescent and with vertical lines of tomentoulose hairs extending downward from the leaf petiole bases, to 40cm tall.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-4cm long, puberulent and with some glandular pubescence near the apex, often reddish near the apex. Blades cordate at the base, ovate, acute at the apex, evenly serrate, to +5cm long, 3cm broad, sparse pubescent above and below. Blades appear peltate because of the strongly cordate base.
Inflorescence - Staminate inflorescences axillary, short pedunculate, cylindric, to +/-1cm long. Peduncles tomentose, 3mm long. Flowers dense, with a glabrous pedicel to .3mm long. Pistillate inflorescence terminal, cylindric, sessile, to +/-1.5cm long in flower, quickly elongating in fruit. Flowers dense, sessile. Each pistillate flower subtended by a sessile bract to 1.5mm broad. Bracts 10-lobed (or 5-lobed and the lobes divided), green. Lobes of the bracts linear, .6-.7mm long, aristate. Base of the bracts strigose.
Flowers - Staminate flowers with 4 translucent to green sepals. Sepals ovate, .4mm long, acute, often with some red tinge. Pistillate flowers with 3 styles. Styles deeply divided into long-attenuate to hairlike divisions to 3mm long. The divisions whitened in the apical 1/2. Ovary green, globose, 1mm in diameter in flower, with green papillae on the surface.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Moist open ground, fallow ground, cultivated areas, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This weedy species can be found in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to identify because of its cordate leaves, which appear peltate, and its terminal spike of pistillate flowers.
In cultivated areas and disturbed sites the plant can form large colonies.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Linaceae
Stems - To +/-60cm tall, erect, herbaceous, from a taproot, ribbed from decurrent leaf tissue, glabrous, glandular (use lens to see), mostly simple but branching near apex, purplish at base, single or multiple from base.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, linear-oblong, entire, acuminate, to 2cm long, +2mm broad, with single midrib, glabrous, glandular (use lens to see), with pair of opposing blackish glands at leaf base.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary loose panicles or racemes. Each flower subtended by a foliaceous bract. Bracts glandular-serrulate. Pedicels glabrous, 2-3mm in flower, slightly elongating in fruit to 4-5mm.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, +1cm broad, 7-8mm long. Petals 5, glabrous externally, pubescent near base internally, rounded at apex, with short basal retrorse lobes (lobes acute and triangular), connate basally for 1-2mm. Stamens 5, erect. Filaments scarious, compressed and united at base into short tube under the ovary, glabrous, 4mm long, slightly yellowish near the apex. Styles 5, 3mm long, united at base, glabrous, whitish-yellow. Ovary superior, green, 5-locular, (1-2 ovules per locule), glabrous, globose-ovoid, 1.5mm in diameter. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, scarious but with a green midrib, glandular-serrulate, glabrous, to 4mm long, 1.5mm broad, acuminate, persistent in fruit. Capsule globose, glabrous, 3mm in diameter, 5-valved, dehiscing into 5, 2-parted segments.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Glades, prairies, sometimes in open woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little plant is inconspicuous when not in flower but is still easy to identify because of the pair of opposing, blackish glands at the base of each leaf. The plant is common throughout most of Missouri except in the extreme southeastern and northwestern corners of the state.
Stems - To +/-60cm tall, erect, herbaceous, from a taproot, ribbed from decurrent leaf tissue, glabrous, glandular (use lens to see), mostly simple but branching near apex, purplish at base, single or multiple from base.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, linear-oblong, entire, acuminate, to 2cm long, +2mm broad, with single midrib, glabrous, glandular (use lens to see), with pair of opposing blackish glands at leaf base.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary loose panicles or racemes. Each flower subtended by a foliaceous bract. Bracts glandular-serrulate. Pedicels glabrous, 2-3mm in flower, slightly elongating in fruit to 4-5mm.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, +1cm broad, 7-8mm long. Petals 5, glabrous externally, pubescent near base internally, rounded at apex, with short basal retrorse lobes (lobes acute and triangular), connate basally for 1-2mm. Stamens 5, erect. Filaments scarious, compressed and united at base into short tube under the ovary, glabrous, 4mm long, slightly yellowish near the apex. Styles 5, 3mm long, united at base, glabrous, whitish-yellow. Ovary superior, green, 5-locular, (1-2 ovules per locule), glabrous, globose-ovoid, 1.5mm in diameter. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, scarious but with a green midrib, glandular-serrulate, glabrous, to 4mm long, 1.5mm broad, acuminate, persistent in fruit. Capsule globose, glabrous, 3mm in diameter, 5-valved, dehiscing into 5, 2-parted segments.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Glades, prairies, sometimes in open woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little plant is inconspicuous when not in flower but is still easy to identify because of the pair of opposing, blackish glands at the base of each leaf. The plant is common throughout most of Missouri except in the extreme southeastern and northwestern corners of the state.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To 30cm tall, simple, from fibrous roots, glabrous, herbaceous, with milky sap.
Leaves - Mostly basal with typically one leaf on stem at base of lower peduncle. Basal leaves to +10cm long, +3cm broad, tissue abruptly contracted and then long cuneate to base, glabrous, shallowly lobed or not, with sparse shallow teeth or entire. Cauline leaf sessile, clasping, ovate, acute, to 3cm long, 2cm broad, glabrous, glaucous, entire.
Inflorescence - 1-3 flower heads terminating stem.
Involucre - In one or two series, 9mm tall (long), 7-8mm in diameter. Phyllaries 8-9mm long, 1.5mm broad, linear, glabrous, glaucous, greenish with lighter margins. Peduncles to +6cm long.
Ray flowers - Entire flower head +/-2.5cm broad. Ligules yellow-orange, to 1.4cm long, 2-3mm broad, glabrous, notched at apex. Pappus in two series - Inner series of plumose bristles to 6mm long - Outer series of short scales to .5mm long. Achenes glabrous, terete.
Disk flowers - Absent.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, thickets, prairies, near streams, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is one of the easier members of the Asteraceae to identify because of its flowering habit. The few large flowers are clustered at the tip of the stems and the peduncles subtended by the single cauline leaf. There are no disk flowers present. The stems can vary somewhat from glabrous to glandular.
Stems - To 30cm tall, simple, from fibrous roots, glabrous, herbaceous, with milky sap.
Leaves - Mostly basal with typically one leaf on stem at base of lower peduncle. Basal leaves to +10cm long, +3cm broad, tissue abruptly contracted and then long cuneate to base, glabrous, shallowly lobed or not, with sparse shallow teeth or entire. Cauline leaf sessile, clasping, ovate, acute, to 3cm long, 2cm broad, glabrous, glaucous, entire.
Inflorescence - 1-3 flower heads terminating stem.
Involucre - In one or two series, 9mm tall (long), 7-8mm in diameter. Phyllaries 8-9mm long, 1.5mm broad, linear, glabrous, glaucous, greenish with lighter margins. Peduncles to +6cm long.
Ray flowers - Entire flower head +/-2.5cm broad. Ligules yellow-orange, to 1.4cm long, 2-3mm broad, glabrous, notched at apex. Pappus in two series - Inner series of plumose bristles to 6mm long - Outer series of short scales to .5mm long. Achenes glabrous, terete.
Disk flowers - Absent.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, thickets, prairies, near streams, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is one of the easier members of the Asteraceae to identify because of its flowering habit. The few large flowers are clustered at the tip of the stems and the peduncles subtended by the single cauline leaf. There are no disk flowers present. The stems can vary somewhat from glabrous to glandular.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To 1m tall, erect, typically single from base, from fibrous roots, branching above, herbaceous, heavily winged from decurrent leaf tissue, scabrous, strigose. Wings of stem to 5mm broad.
Leaves - Basal leaves lanceolate to elliptic, to +20cm long, scabrous, strigose, entire to lobed. Cauline leaves alternate, lanceolate, acute, entire or with few shallow teeth, scabrous, densely strigose, to +10cm long, -2cm broad, reduced above, with heavily decurrent tissue from base.
Inflorescence - Flower heads in loose corymbiform cluster at apex of stems. Peduncles carinate, densely strigose, scabrous.
Involucre - Phyllaries linear, attenuate, reflexed at maturity and curling, in one series, 1-1.4cm long, 2.1mm broad, strigose abaxially and on margins, glabrous adaxially.
Ray flowers - Ligules yellow, to 2.5cm long, -2cm broad, 5-lobed at apex, tapering to base, densely pubescent below, glabrous above. Flowers sterile. Achenes flattened, short pubescent. Pappus of awn- tipped scales.
Disk flowers - Disk to 1.5cm broad and tall, domed to globose. Receptacle ovoid. Corolla tube of disk flowers yellow, 2-3mm long, 4-lobed, dark maroon at apex because of dense glandular pubescence. Styles bifurcate, yellow. Flowers fertile. Achenes pubescent, 1.2mm long in flower. Pappus of 5-6 awn-tipped scales.
Flowering - June - November.
Habitat - Pond margins, streambanks, ditches, swamps, wet meadows, wet depressions of prairies, pastures, moist areas of glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - H. flexuosum and other species in the genus contain a lactone known as Helenalin. This compound is poisonous to various animals but has anti-cancer properties. This species is often found standing alone in pastures as cows will not eat it. The plant is quite striking when in full flower and I think it should be cultivated more. It's a great plant to grow in those difficult wet areas of a yard.
H. felxuosum is easy to ID in the field because of the heavily winged stems and brown disk flowers.
Stems - To 1m tall, erect, typically single from base, from fibrous roots, branching above, herbaceous, heavily winged from decurrent leaf tissue, scabrous, strigose. Wings of stem to 5mm broad.
Leaves - Basal leaves lanceolate to elliptic, to +20cm long, scabrous, strigose, entire to lobed. Cauline leaves alternate, lanceolate, acute, entire or with few shallow teeth, scabrous, densely strigose, to +10cm long, -2cm broad, reduced above, with heavily decurrent tissue from base.
Inflorescence - Flower heads in loose corymbiform cluster at apex of stems. Peduncles carinate, densely strigose, scabrous.
Involucre - Phyllaries linear, attenuate, reflexed at maturity and curling, in one series, 1-1.4cm long, 2.1mm broad, strigose abaxially and on margins, glabrous adaxially.
Ray flowers - Ligules yellow, to 2.5cm long, -2cm broad, 5-lobed at apex, tapering to base, densely pubescent below, glabrous above. Flowers sterile. Achenes flattened, short pubescent. Pappus of awn- tipped scales.
Disk flowers - Disk to 1.5cm broad and tall, domed to globose. Receptacle ovoid. Corolla tube of disk flowers yellow, 2-3mm long, 4-lobed, dark maroon at apex because of dense glandular pubescence. Styles bifurcate, yellow. Flowers fertile. Achenes pubescent, 1.2mm long in flower. Pappus of 5-6 awn-tipped scales.
Flowering - June - November.
Habitat - Pond margins, streambanks, ditches, swamps, wet meadows, wet depressions of prairies, pastures, moist areas of glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - H. flexuosum and other species in the genus contain a lactone known as Helenalin. This compound is poisonous to various animals but has anti-cancer properties. This species is often found standing alone in pastures as cows will not eat it. The plant is quite striking when in full flower and I think it should be cultivated more. It's a great plant to grow in those difficult wet areas of a yard.
H. felxuosum is easy to ID in the field because of the heavily winged stems and brown disk flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - Plants acaulescent, from a scaly bulb.
Leaves - Basal, petiolate, typically two per fertile plant, (one leaf on sterile plants). Blades glabrous, entire, fleshy to subsucculent, acute to acuminate, mottled with silver above, green below, linear-elliptic to ovate-elliptic, to +20cm long, +5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single flower terminating peduncle (scape), typically only one per plant. Flower nodding. Peduncle glabrous, to +15cm tall.
Flowers - Tepals 6, yellow to brownish, glabrous, entire, 4.5-5cm long, 7-8mm broad, recurved in flower, glabrous. Stamens 6, adnate to base of tepals. Filaments to 1.7cm long, 1.5mm broad, yellow, glabrous. Anthers 1.3cm long, purple. Ovary 1.3cm long, 3-angled, 3-locular, green, glabrous, superior. Placentation axile. Style 6mm long, expanded at apex. Stigma hollow at apex, lobed, yellow.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Low rich woods, along streams, wooded slopes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species is found mainly in the lower 1/3 of Missouri. The yellow flowers are easy to spot against the leaf litter of the woods. This species can be found in colonies of sterile, one-leaved plants along with a few fertile, two-leaved plants.
Traditionally the bulbs and leaves of this species were eaten, either raw or cooked. The plant was also used medicinally to heal ulcers and as a contraceptive. The plant is believed to be mildly emetic and antibiotic.
Stems - Plants acaulescent, from a scaly bulb.
Leaves - Basal, petiolate, typically two per fertile plant, (one leaf on sterile plants). Blades glabrous, entire, fleshy to subsucculent, acute to acuminate, mottled with silver above, green below, linear-elliptic to ovate-elliptic, to +20cm long, +5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single flower terminating peduncle (scape), typically only one per plant. Flower nodding. Peduncle glabrous, to +15cm tall.
Flowers - Tepals 6, yellow to brownish, glabrous, entire, 4.5-5cm long, 7-8mm broad, recurved in flower, glabrous. Stamens 6, adnate to base of tepals. Filaments to 1.7cm long, 1.5mm broad, yellow, glabrous. Anthers 1.3cm long, purple. Ovary 1.3cm long, 3-angled, 3-locular, green, glabrous, superior. Placentation axile. Style 6mm long, expanded at apex. Stigma hollow at apex, lobed, yellow.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Low rich woods, along streams, wooded slopes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species is found mainly in the lower 1/3 of Missouri. The yellow flowers are easy to spot against the leaf litter of the woods. This species can be found in colonies of sterile, one-leaved plants along with a few fertile, two-leaved plants.
Traditionally the bulbs and leaves of this species were eaten, either raw or cooked. The plant was also used medicinally to heal ulcers and as a contraceptive. The plant is believed to be mildly emetic and antibiotic.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Primulaceae
Stems - To +/-1m tall, erect, from fleshy rhizomes, herbaceous, branching, glabrous, 4-angled, slightly winged in upper portions by decurrent leaf tissue.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, linear, sessile, entire, deep shiny green, with single prominent midrib, acute, glabrous, to +/-13cm long, +/-7mm broad. Margins revolute and often with a few cilia near base.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedicillate flowers near the tips of the stems. The internodes are very short in the upper portions of the plant and create a whorled appearance. Pedicels glabrous, to 2.5cm long. Flowers nodding.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, to 2.5cm broad, 4-lobed. Lobes rotund to ovate, apiculate, slightly lacerate to erose on apical margins, glabrous externally, densely glandular near base internally. Corolla tube very short, to 2mm long. Stamens 5, erect, adnate at apex of corolla tube, opposite the corolla lobes. Filaments compressed slightly, white, glandular pubescent, to 4mm long. Anthers orange-brown, 2.5-3mm long. Style whitish green, glabrous, 5mm long. Ovary superior, subglobose, green, glabrous, 5-valved, 1.2mm in diameter. Placentation free-central. Locules (seeds) many. Sepals 5, spreading, to 7mm long, 2.5mm broad, glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, entire, green, acute to acuminate.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Stream banks, swampy meadows, wet thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the central portions of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its thin, opposite leaves, its falsely-whorled flowers, and the wet habitat it prefers. L. quadriflora also prefers calcareous soils. The flowers can sometimes be white in color.
Traditionally the leaves of this plant were dried and made into a bland tea which was used to treat feminine problems and kidney troubles.
Stems - To +/-1m tall, erect, from fleshy rhizomes, herbaceous, branching, glabrous, 4-angled, slightly winged in upper portions by decurrent leaf tissue.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, linear, sessile, entire, deep shiny green, with single prominent midrib, acute, glabrous, to +/-13cm long, +/-7mm broad. Margins revolute and often with a few cilia near base.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedicillate flowers near the tips of the stems. The internodes are very short in the upper portions of the plant and create a whorled appearance. Pedicels glabrous, to 2.5cm long. Flowers nodding.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, to 2.5cm broad, 4-lobed. Lobes rotund to ovate, apiculate, slightly lacerate to erose on apical margins, glabrous externally, densely glandular near base internally. Corolla tube very short, to 2mm long. Stamens 5, erect, adnate at apex of corolla tube, opposite the corolla lobes. Filaments compressed slightly, white, glandular pubescent, to 4mm long. Anthers orange-brown, 2.5-3mm long. Style whitish green, glabrous, 5mm long. Ovary superior, subglobose, green, glabrous, 5-valved, 1.2mm in diameter. Placentation free-central. Locules (seeds) many. Sepals 5, spreading, to 7mm long, 2.5mm broad, glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, entire, green, acute to acuminate.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Stream banks, swampy meadows, wet thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the central portions of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its thin, opposite leaves, its falsely-whorled flowers, and the wet habitat it prefers. L. quadriflora also prefers calcareous soils. The flowers can sometimes be white in color.
Traditionally the leaves of this plant were dried and made into a bland tea which was used to treat feminine problems and kidney troubles.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Primulaceae
Stems - Repent, tp +40cm long (and sometimes much longer), herbaceous, multiple from the base, typically simple, with 4 wings from deccurent leaf tissue. Wings to .7mm broad, forming vertical grooves along the sides of the stems.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +/-5mm long, glabrous, with a wide and shallow adaxial groove. Blades orbicular, to +/-2.5cm in diameter, glabrous, entire, somewhat cordate at the base, dark green above, lighter green below. Veins of the leaves impressed above, expressed below.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers. Peduncles to +/-2cm long, erect, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals typically 5 (sometimes 6), united at the very base and forming a small corolla tube. Tube to 1mm long. Free portion of petals glabrous, yellow, to +1.4cm long, 5-7mm broad, rounded at the apex, oblong-elliptic. Stamens 5(6), adnate at the base of the petals, erect, united at the base. Filaments yellow, broadest at the base and tapering to the apex, glandular puberulent, to 5mm long. Anthers yellow, to 2mm long. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, globose, 1.2mm in diameter. Style green, glabrous, 5mm long. Stigma small, purplish. Sepals 5(6), green, spreading, with the margins slightly revolute in the basal 1/2, ovate-lanceolate, acute to acuminate at the apex, to +/-7mm long, +/-5mm broad, glabrous.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Streambanks, bottoms, ditches, roadsides. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This weedy yet attractive species can be found scattered throughout most of Missouri. The plant is an escape from lawns and gardens and is now well established in this state. Plants seldom flower, which is why I do not show flowers in the whole plant pic above, but rather spread by creeping stems which root at the nodes and create large mats if left unchecked. Steyermark mentions that the plant makes a good ground cover for shaded, moist areas.
This species can be easily identified by its creeping stems and opposite orbicular leaves.
Stems - Repent, tp +40cm long (and sometimes much longer), herbaceous, multiple from the base, typically simple, with 4 wings from deccurent leaf tissue. Wings to .7mm broad, forming vertical grooves along the sides of the stems.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +/-5mm long, glabrous, with a wide and shallow adaxial groove. Blades orbicular, to +/-2.5cm in diameter, glabrous, entire, somewhat cordate at the base, dark green above, lighter green below. Veins of the leaves impressed above, expressed below.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers. Peduncles to +/-2cm long, erect, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals typically 5 (sometimes 6), united at the very base and forming a small corolla tube. Tube to 1mm long. Free portion of petals glabrous, yellow, to +1.4cm long, 5-7mm broad, rounded at the apex, oblong-elliptic. Stamens 5(6), adnate at the base of the petals, erect, united at the base. Filaments yellow, broadest at the base and tapering to the apex, glandular puberulent, to 5mm long. Anthers yellow, to 2mm long. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, globose, 1.2mm in diameter. Style green, glabrous, 5mm long. Stigma small, purplish. Sepals 5(6), green, spreading, with the margins slightly revolute in the basal 1/2, ovate-lanceolate, acute to acuminate at the apex, to +/-7mm long, +/-5mm broad, glabrous.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Streambanks, bottoms, ditches, roadsides. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This weedy yet attractive species can be found scattered throughout most of Missouri. The plant is an escape from lawns and gardens and is now well established in this state. Plants seldom flower, which is why I do not show flowers in the whole plant pic above, but rather spread by creeping stems which root at the nodes and create large mats if left unchecked. Steyermark mentions that the plant makes a good ground cover for shaded, moist areas.
This species can be easily identified by its creeping stems and opposite orbicular leaves.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Hypericaceae
Stems - Multiple from base, from thick rhizomes, to +1m tall, dichotomously branching (branches decussate), glabrous, glaucous. Midrib of leaf decurrent on stem and with black glandular punctations.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, sessile, lance-ovate to oblong or elliptic, entire, to +1.8cm long, +7mm broad, entire, acute to obtuse, glabrous, glaucous (mostly below), with black glandular punctations on margins and a few scattered on the leaf tissue, perforate.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate cymes. Pedicels to 2mm long, glabrous (or flowers sessile).
Flowers - Petals (4)5, yellow, spreading, to 1.3mm long, 6mm broad, oblong, obtuse, with black glandular punctations. Stamens many (+50), erect to spreading. Filaments yellow, 7-8mm long, glabrous. Anthers biglobose, .7mm broad. Styles 3, spreading, 6mm long, glabrous, yellow. Ovary superior, glabrous, 3.5mm long, 2.1mm in diameter, ovoid, 3-locular, ovules (seeds) many. Sepals 5, linear, 5-6mm long, 1.1mm broad, acuminate, glabrous, with perforations adjacent and parallel to midrib.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Pastures, fields, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - Feeling depressed? Chew on this. Not! Seriously though, this is the species known commonly as "St. John's Wort", which has recently been over-used as an herbal remedy for the symptoms of depression. Traditionally the plant was used as an antibacterial, an anti-inflammatory, and a host of other ailments. One of the active ingredients, hypericin, causes photodermatitis in some people and animals.
The plant can be identified in the field by the transparent (pellucid) perforations on the leaves and sepals, and the black punctate glands on the leaves and stems. The punctations are not as dense as in H. punctatum Lam., which has much smaller flowers.
Stems - Multiple from base, from thick rhizomes, to +1m tall, dichotomously branching (branches decussate), glabrous, glaucous. Midrib of leaf decurrent on stem and with black glandular punctations.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, sessile, lance-ovate to oblong or elliptic, entire, to +1.8cm long, +7mm broad, entire, acute to obtuse, glabrous, glaucous (mostly below), with black glandular punctations on margins and a few scattered on the leaf tissue, perforate.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate cymes. Pedicels to 2mm long, glabrous (or flowers sessile).
Flowers - Petals (4)5, yellow, spreading, to 1.3mm long, 6mm broad, oblong, obtuse, with black glandular punctations. Stamens many (+50), erect to spreading. Filaments yellow, 7-8mm long, glabrous. Anthers biglobose, .7mm broad. Styles 3, spreading, 6mm long, glabrous, yellow. Ovary superior, glabrous, 3.5mm long, 2.1mm in diameter, ovoid, 3-locular, ovules (seeds) many. Sepals 5, linear, 5-6mm long, 1.1mm broad, acuminate, glabrous, with perforations adjacent and parallel to midrib.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Pastures, fields, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - Feeling depressed? Chew on this. Not! Seriously though, this is the species known commonly as "St. John's Wort", which has recently been over-used as an herbal remedy for the symptoms of depression. Traditionally the plant was used as an antibacterial, an anti-inflammatory, and a host of other ailments. One of the active ingredients, hypericin, causes photodermatitis in some people and animals.
The plant can be identified in the field by the transparent (pellucid) perforations on the leaves and sepals, and the black punctate glands on the leaves and stems. The punctations are not as dense as in H. punctatum Lam., which has much smaller flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月29日
Family - Violaceae
Stems - Plants acaulescent. Caudex thick, elongated, horizontal, woody, with fleshy roots.
Leaves - Basal. Earliest leaves cordate, acute. Later leaves lobed, sagittate, typically with 5-7 lobes. Petioles to +7cm long, pubescent. Leaf tissue decurrent on petiole for much of it's length but very thin. Blades glabrous above, ciliate below, (especially near base), shallowly serrate to crenate-serrate, +3cm broad and long. Margins typically ciliate.
Inflorescence - Single long-pedunculate flower arising from caudex. Peduncles glabrous, to +12cm long, exceeding the leaves, curved at apex.
Flowers - Petals 5, violet (rarely white) and with some white at base, with deep purple venation, rounded at apex, -2cm long, 7-8mm broad, generally obovate to oblanceolate. Lateral petals heavily bearded. Upper petals also slightly bearded. All petals glabrous externally. Lowest petal saccate at base, (the sac protruding beyond the sepals). Stamens 5, converging around the pistil, to +4mm long. Lower 2 stamens with appendages. Appendages to 3mm long, green. Anther connective orange, expanding beyond the anther, to 1.5mm long. Anthers pale yellow. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, 3mm long, unilocular, somewhat conic. Ovules many. Style 2mm long, greenish white, glabrous, expanded at apex. Stigma truncate, deltoid. Sepals 5, green with scarious margins, lanceolate, acute, to 8mm long, 3mm broad, glabrous, entire but ciliolate. Lowest two sepals with small auricles. Auricles to 1mm long, ciliolate-margined.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Dry rocky open woods, thickets, bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - V. triloba is just one of the many small purple-flowered violets you are sure to encounter in the Missouri woods. When young, this plant is difficult to tell apart from other violets, such as V. sororia, but as the plant mature its leaves will become lobed. V. triloba is found mostly in the lower half of the state and prefers acidic soils.
Stems - Plants acaulescent. Caudex thick, elongated, horizontal, woody, with fleshy roots.
Leaves - Basal. Earliest leaves cordate, acute. Later leaves lobed, sagittate, typically with 5-7 lobes. Petioles to +7cm long, pubescent. Leaf tissue decurrent on petiole for much of it's length but very thin. Blades glabrous above, ciliate below, (especially near base), shallowly serrate to crenate-serrate, +3cm broad and long. Margins typically ciliate.
Inflorescence - Single long-pedunculate flower arising from caudex. Peduncles glabrous, to +12cm long, exceeding the leaves, curved at apex.
Flowers - Petals 5, violet (rarely white) and with some white at base, with deep purple venation, rounded at apex, -2cm long, 7-8mm broad, generally obovate to oblanceolate. Lateral petals heavily bearded. Upper petals also slightly bearded. All petals glabrous externally. Lowest petal saccate at base, (the sac protruding beyond the sepals). Stamens 5, converging around the pistil, to +4mm long. Lower 2 stamens with appendages. Appendages to 3mm long, green. Anther connective orange, expanding beyond the anther, to 1.5mm long. Anthers pale yellow. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, 3mm long, unilocular, somewhat conic. Ovules many. Style 2mm long, greenish white, glabrous, expanded at apex. Stigma truncate, deltoid. Sepals 5, green with scarious margins, lanceolate, acute, to 8mm long, 3mm broad, glabrous, entire but ciliolate. Lowest two sepals with small auricles. Auricles to 1mm long, ciliolate-margined.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Dry rocky open woods, thickets, bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - V. triloba is just one of the many small purple-flowered violets you are sure to encounter in the Missouri woods. When young, this plant is difficult to tell apart from other violets, such as V. sororia, but as the plant mature its leaves will become lobed. V. triloba is found mostly in the lower half of the state and prefers acidic soils.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月29日
Family - Campanulaceae
Stems - From a taproot, multiple from the base, simple, glabrous, green, to +60cm tall, +/-2mm in diameter, erect to ascending, with whitish sap, winged from decurrent leaf tissue. Wings to .2mm broad, with spreading to retrose minute prickles (use a lens to see).
Leaves - Alternate, sessile. Lowest 2-4 leaves spatulate, all other leaves ovate to lanceolate, acute, shallow crenate-serrate (the teeth with white tips), glabrous adaxially, mostly glabrous abaxially but with minute straight prickles on the veins. Lowest leaves to 2cm long, +/-1cm broad. Cauline leaves gradually reduced upward. those in the middle of the stem +/-1.5cm long, +/-1cm broad, nearly always somewhat folded (conduplicate).
Inflorescence - Cleistogamous flower in every leaf axil, single, paired, or in 3's, sessile, each usually subtended by a minute subulate bract. Chasmogamous flowers produced in the most apical 1-3 leaf axils only, sessile, with a larger hypanthium than the cleistogamous flowers.
Flowers - Corolla purple, 5-lobed, to +/-1.5cm broad. Lobes glabrous, 6-8mm long, 2-4mm broad. Corolla tube 1-1.5mm long. Stamens 5, alternating with the corolla lobes. Filaments translucent, expanded at the base, ciliate on the margins basally, to +1mm broad at the base, thin and twisted in the apical 2/3, to 2mm long. Anthers yellow, to +2mm long, .4mm broad, linear. Style 1, +/-5mm long, whitish basally, purple apically, with a few small hairs apically. Stigmas 3, spreading, +/-1mm long. Ovary many-ovuled, 3-locular, placentation axile. Hypanthium (of chasmogamous flowers) green, to 1cm long, 2-3mm in diameter, glabrous. Sepals 5, subulate to lanceolate, acuminate, 5-7mm long, +/-2mm broad, spreading, glabrous, with a single midrib below. Sepals on cleistogamous flowers smaller than those of the chasmogamous flowers and usually unequal. Hypanthium of the cleistogamous flowers with a few minute prickles. Seeds brown, shiny, .5-.6mm long, ellisoid to orbicular, falling from two pores. Pores located just beneath the sepals.
Stems - From a taproot, multiple from the base, simple, glabrous, green, to +60cm tall, +/-2mm in diameter, erect to ascending, with whitish sap, winged from decurrent leaf tissue. Wings to .2mm broad, with spreading to retrose minute prickles (use a lens to see).
Leaves - Alternate, sessile. Lowest 2-4 leaves spatulate, all other leaves ovate to lanceolate, acute, shallow crenate-serrate (the teeth with white tips), glabrous adaxially, mostly glabrous abaxially but with minute straight prickles on the veins. Lowest leaves to 2cm long, +/-1cm broad. Cauline leaves gradually reduced upward. those in the middle of the stem +/-1.5cm long, +/-1cm broad, nearly always somewhat folded (conduplicate).
Inflorescence - Cleistogamous flower in every leaf axil, single, paired, or in 3's, sessile, each usually subtended by a minute subulate bract. Chasmogamous flowers produced in the most apical 1-3 leaf axils only, sessile, with a larger hypanthium than the cleistogamous flowers.
Flowers - Corolla purple, 5-lobed, to +/-1.5cm broad. Lobes glabrous, 6-8mm long, 2-4mm broad. Corolla tube 1-1.5mm long. Stamens 5, alternating with the corolla lobes. Filaments translucent, expanded at the base, ciliate on the margins basally, to +1mm broad at the base, thin and twisted in the apical 2/3, to 2mm long. Anthers yellow, to +2mm long, .4mm broad, linear. Style 1, +/-5mm long, whitish basally, purple apically, with a few small hairs apically. Stigmas 3, spreading, +/-1mm long. Ovary many-ovuled, 3-locular, placentation axile. Hypanthium (of chasmogamous flowers) green, to 1cm long, 2-3mm in diameter, glabrous. Sepals 5, subulate to lanceolate, acuminate, 5-7mm long, +/-2mm broad, spreading, glabrous, with a single midrib below. Sepals on cleistogamous flowers smaller than those of the chasmogamous flowers and usually unequal. Hypanthium of the cleistogamous flowers with a few minute prickles. Seeds brown, shiny, .5-.6mm long, ellisoid to orbicular, falling from two pores. Pores located just beneath the sepals.
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