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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Winter’s icy winds and heavy snows are subsiding and the kiss of summer sun is on the horizon. Now is the time to take stock of the damage to your plants. Fraying palm tips are common sights after storms. They may also be caused by mechanical damage, desiccation, disease and even nutrient deficiency or excesses. Identify the cause and learn what to do about your palm tree shedding and fraying.
Palm Tree Shedding and Fraying Foliage Fraying or shedding palm fronds occur naturally or as the result of pest damage or disease. They are unsightly but usually don’t affect the plant’s health unless all the foliage is heavily tattered, which can affect photosynthesis. This reduces the plant’s ability to collect solar energy to turn into important carbohydrates. Most damage from wind, ice and snow is limited to the most exposed leaves and can simply be cut out after all danger of frost has passed. Other reasons for the damage may require a more thorough solution.
Natural Fraying and Shedding of Palms Palm trees regularly grow new leaves and shed the old ones. This palm tree shedding is part of the tree’s natural growth and is not cause for concern. Some palms do not self clean, so you can prune out the dead leaves. Palm leaf shedding starts with fraying foliage, which eventually leaves the entire frond and stem brown and dead. Frayed palm leaves may also be caused from ice damage. Although it mars the appearance of the lovely foliage, it is not necessary to trim the ends unless it really offends you. Fraying or shedding palm fronds may be yellow, black or brown at just the ends or on the entire leaf and stem. This distinction can help you diagnose the cause.
Site Conditions for Damaged Palm Fronds Wind and icy weather causes tip damage, which is usually brown from ice and yellow to brown from wind. Dryness is also a factor. Palm trees are often native to warm climes but they still need additional water to prevent the foliage from drying out when the area is extremely arid. The tips will start to dry and discolor and eventually the entire frond will turn brown. Yellow fronds indicate that the plant is receiving too much water. Soil acidity is another factor in fraying palm tips. Clues that the soil is too salty or alkaline will appear in the form of blackened fraying palm tips. Add a little gypsum or sulfur to combat this issue.
Bugs and Other Pests Causing Frayed Palm Leaves Scale, whiteflies, and aphids are frequent eaters at the palm tree buffet. Their feeding habits suck vital fluids from the plant, causing reduced vigor and discolored leaves. Rodents nibble at the ends of the new growth producing frayed palm leaves. Gophers and rabbits will also add their feed damage, which is unfortunate for the tree’s health when they eat off all the baby leaves. This inhibits regular healthy growth, so it is important to get a handle on any furry pests in the area.
Diseases Causing Palm Leaf Damage Fungal diseases occur when conditions are moist and warm. Avoid overhead watering which can increase the spore growth and reduce leaf health. Diseases that attack palms may include false smut. It is also called Graphiola leaf spot and has an appearance similar to the normal smut or speckled discoloration found on many palm species when the fronds are young. In this case, the false smut starts out as warty black spots on fronds and can progress to killing the entire leaf and petiole. Copper fungicides and the removal of infected leaves will prevent the spread of the disease and further palm leaves shedding from damage.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Palm trees don’t just make an appearance in Hollywood. Different varieties can be grown around the United States, even places where snow is a regular winter feature. Snow and freezing temps aren’t exactly a palm trees milieu, so what kind of winter protection must you provide for palms?
Winter Palm Tree Care Frost and freezing temperatures damage the tissue of plants, in general weakening them and leaving them susceptible to diseases. Cold snaps, in particular, are of concern. Winterizing your palm tree to protect it from cold damage may be of paramount importance, especially depending on your region. Winter palm tree care usually requires wrapping palm trees in winter. The question is how to wrap the palm tree for winter and with what?
How to Wrap Palm Trees for Winter If your palm is small, you can cover it with a box or blanket and weigh it down. Don’t leave the cover on for longer than 5 days. You can also cover a small palm with straw or similar mulch. Remove the mulch immediately when the weather warms up. As to winterizing a palm tree by wrapping it, there are 4 basic methods: stringing Christmas lights, the chicken wire method, utilizing heat tape and using water pipe insulation. Christmas lights – Christmas lights to wrap the palm are the easiest method. Do not use the newer LED lights, but stick with good old-fashioned bulbs. Tie the leaves together into a bundle and wrap them with a string of lights. The heat emitted by the lights should be enough to protect the tree, and it looks festive!
Chicken wire – When using the chicken wire method, lace 4 stakes, 3 feet apart, in a square with the palm at the center. Wrap 1-2” chicken wire or fencing wire around the posts to create a basket of about 3-4 feet high. Fill the “basket” with leaves. Remove the leaves in early March. Pipe insulation – When using water pipe insulation, cover the soil around the trees with mulch to protect the roots. Wrap the first 3-6 leaves and the trunk with water pipe insulation. Fold the top over to keep water from getting inside the insulation. Again, in March, remove the wrapping and mulch. Heat tape – Lastly, you can winterize the palm tree by using heat tape. Pull the fronds back and tie them. Wrap a heat tape (bought at a building supply store), around the trunk beginning at the base. Leave the thermostat out at the bottom of the trunk. Continue wrapping around the entire trunk up to the top. One 4′ tall palm needs a 15′ long heat tape. Then, wrap the trunk with 3-4 layer of burlap and secure with duct tape. Over top of all of this, wrap the entirety, including the fronds, with plastic wrap. Plug the tape into a ground fault receptacle. Remove the wrapping just as the weather begins to warm up lest you risk rotting the tree.
All of that is too much work for me. I am lazy. I use the Christmas lights and keep my fingers crossed. I am sure there are many other winter protection methods for palms. Use your imagination and be sure not to wrap the tree too far ahead of the cold and to unwrap it just as the weather warms.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Small palm trees are an excellent and versatile addition to a yard. Miniature palm trees are generally defined as being under 20 feet tall, which in terms of palms is really quite short. Within this category there are two types of palm trees: small tree and bushy. Each has its own uses and comes in many varieties. Read on to learn more about these types of palm trees.
Low Growing Palm Trees Small palm trees that grow up from a single trunk are excellent for front yard garden beds because they have such small root balls. You can plant small palm trees close to your house and avoid the damage to your foundation another tree’s roots might cause, while adding an interesting extra level of height to your landscape. So what are some short height palm trees? The following palms all reach heights under 12 feet at maturity: Pygmy Date Palm Bottle Palm Sago Palm Spindle Palm Parlor Palm
Palms that grow between 15 and 25 feet include: Christmas Palm Pindo or Jelly Palm Florida Thatch Palm
Bushy Types of Palm Trees Many palm trees feature underground trunks or low-to-the-ground clustering branches that give them the appearance of a bush and make them excellent ground cover or property dividers. The Serenoa repens palm has a trunk that grows horizontally with dense leaves that give it a bush-like appearance. It usually reaches heights of 6 feet. The Sabal minor grows in the same way but gets no taller than 5 feet. The Chinese needle and dwarf palmetto are both short, slow-growing groundcover palms with fanning leaves.
Coontie palms reach only 3-5 feet in height and take on the appearance of small, manageable bushes. The Cardboard Palm is a close relative with many small, broad leaves and a nearly unnoticeable trunk. Now that you know a little more about low growing palm trees, take advantage of their short features and add one or two to your landscape.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
If you’re looking for sun loving palm trees, you’re in luck because the selection is huge and there is no shortage of full sun palm trees, including those well suited for containers. Palms are versatile plants and many varieties prefer filtered light, while a few even tolerate shade. However, potted palms for full sun are easy to find for nearly every environment under the sun. If you have a sunny spot, you can even try growing palm trees in container. Be sure to check the cold tolerance because palm tree hardiness varies widely.
Growing Palm Trees in Containers Here are some of the more popular palm trees for pots in sun: Adonidia (Adonidia merrillii) – Also known as Manila palm or Christmas palm, Adonidia is one of the most popular potted palms for full sun. Adonidia is available in a double variety, which reaches about 15 feet, and a triple variety, which tops out at 15 to 25 feet. Both do well in large containers. It is a warm weather palm suitable for growing where temps don’t fall below 32 degrees F. (0 C.). Chinese Fan Palm (Livistona chinensis) – Also known as fountain palm, Chinese fan palm is a slow-growing palm with a graceful, weeping appearance. At a mature height of about 25 feet, Chinese fan palm works well in large pots. This is a hardier palm that tolerates temps down to about 15 degrees F. (-9 C.).
Bismarck Palm (Bismarcka nobilis) – This highly sought after, warm weather palm thrives in heat and full sun, but won’t tolerate temperatures below about 28 F. (-2 C.). Although Bismarck palm grows to heights of 10 to 30 feet, growth is slower and more manageable in a container. Silver Saw Palmetto (Acoelorrhape wrightii) – Also known as Everglades palm or Paurotis Palm, Silver saw palmetto is a medium sized, full sun palm tree that prefers plenty of moisture. It is a great container plant and will be happy in a big pot for several years. Silver saw palmetto is hardy to 20 degrees F. (-6 C.).
Pindo Palm (Butia capitatia) – Pindo palm is a bushy palm that can eventually reach heights of 20 feet. This popular tree thrives in full sun or partial shade, and when fully mature, can tolerate temps as chilly as 5 to 10 degrees F. (-10 to -12 C.).
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Ganodera palm disease, also called ganoderma butt rot, is a white rot fungus that causes palm tree trunk diseases. It can kill palm trees. Ganoderma is caused by the pathogen Ganoderma zonatum, and any palm tree can come down with it. However, little is known about the environmental conditions that encourage the condition. Read on for information about ganoderma in palms and good ways of dealing with ganoderma butt rot.
Ganoderma in Palms Fungi, like plants, are divided into genera. The fungal genus Ganoderma contains different wood-decaying fungi found around the world on almost any type of wood, including hard wood, soft wood and palms. These fungi can result in ganoderma palm disease or other palm tree trunk diseases. The first sign you are likely to have when ganoderma palm disease has infected your palm is the conk or basidiocarp that forms on the side of a palm trunk or stump. It appears as a soft, but solid, white mass in a circular shape lying flat against the tree.
As the conk matures, it grows into a shape that resembles a little, half-moon-shaped shelf and it turns partially gold. As it gets old, it darkens even more into brown shades, and even the base of the shelf is no longer white. The conks produce spores that experts believe are the primary means of spreading this ganoderma in palms. It is also possible, however, that pathogens found in the soil are capable of spreading this and other palm tree trunk diseases.
Ganoderma Palm Disease Ganoderma zonatum produces enzymes that cause the ganoderma palm disease. They rot or degrade woody tissue in the lower five feet of the palm trunk. In addition to the conks, you may see a general wilting of all of the leaves in the palm other than the spear leaf. The tree growth slows and the palm fronds turn off color. Scientists cannot say, as yet, how long it takes before a tree infected with Ganoderma zanatum produces a conk. However, until a conk appears, it is not possible to diagnose a palm as having ganoderma palm disease. That means that when you plant a palm in your yard, there is no way for you to be sure that it is not already infected by the fungus.
No pattern of cultural practices has been associated with the development of this disease. Since the fungi only appears on the lower segment of the trunk, it is not related to improper pruning of the fronds. At this time, the best recommendation is to watch for signs of ganoderma in palms and remove a palm if conks appear on it.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Fusarium wilt is a common disease of ornamental trees and shrubs. Palm tree Fusarium wilt comes in different forms but is recognizable by similar symptoms. Fusarium wilt in palm trees is host specific and has no cure. The end result in untreated palms is death. Learn how to treat Fusarium wilt in palms with a careful management program. If nothing else, careful hygiene and cultural practices can extend the life of the tree.
Causes of Palm Tree Fusarium Wilt Fusarium wilt is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. The two main strains are Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Canariensis, which only attacks Canary palms, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Palmarum, which is found in several ornamental palms. The disease does the most damage in plants that are in dry regions. Plants growing in cooler, wetter areas will still show symptoms but decline and die more slowly. As a rule, plants with Fusarium wilt of palms should be removed but this is a big chore in some cases. There is no Fusarium wilt treatment for palms and the disease is contagious and can infect other plants nearby.
The fungus responsible for Fusarium wilt in palm trees can persist in soil for years. Spores enter plants through the roots and travel into the vascular system. Fusarium attacks the xylem, reducing water uptake. Over time it closes up the water collecting tissue with a sticky substance that the fungus produces. Gradually, the tree will show signs of stress due to inadequate water. The pathogen can also spread through mechanical means. The most common ways plants are infected is from contaminated purchased trees and from unsanitary pruning practices. Tools with the pathogen on them can introduce it during cutting. It is, therefore, extremely important to sanitize tools before using them on another plant.
Symptoms of Fusarium Wilt of Palms Because water introduction is interrupted, the fronds or leaves of the tree are the first to display signs of infection. Just as any plant’s leaves will droop and discolor when there is too little moisture, the fronds will turn yellow and finally brown, crinkle at the ends of leaflets and eventually die. The effect usually starts at the lower or older fronds and moves up the palm. A companion disease, called pink rot, hastens the dying process in many cases. It is an opportunistic fungus which only attacks old, weak or injured plants. Fusarium wilt treatment for palms must, therefore, start with an application of Thiophanate-methyl fungicide to stem the march of pink rot.
How to Treat Fusarium Wilt Because there is no cure for the disease, the only course of action is careful management of the tree, unless you elect to remove it entirely. Provide supplemental water and clean up infected debris immediately. Do not try to compost infected material, as spores can still survive and infest your compost heap. Prune off dying fronds but disinfect tools before using them on other plants. Do not use a chainsaw and trim on a windless day to prevent infected sawdust from drifting over to healthy specimens.
Hygiene is one of the most important facets of Fusarium wilt treatment for palms. Good water and nutrient sources for the tree can prolong its life for several years.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Lethal yellowing is a tropical disease that affects several species of palm. This disfiguring disease can devastate landscapes in South Florida that rely on palms. Find out about lethal yellowing treatment and detection in this article.
What is Lethal Yellowing? As the name implies, lethal yellowing is a fatal disease. It is caused by a phytoplasma, which is a microscopic organism a little less sophisticated than a bacteria. Insects called planthoppers carry the phytoplasma from tree to tree. Planthoppers can’t survive at temperatures below freezing, and this prevents the disease from spreading into other parts of the country. Lethal yellowing disease can’t be controlled by killing the insect vector because insecticides often fail to come into contact with these constantly moving, flying insects. Lethal yellowing disease affects coconut palms, date palms, and a few other palm species. In the U.S., it occurs in the lower third of the state of Florida where temperatures never drop below freezing. Palm trees in some parts of the Caribbean, as well as Central and South America, may also suffer from the disease. There is no cure, but you can extend the life of your tree and prevent lethal yellowing from spreading.
Treating or Preventing Lethal Yellowing of Palms Before you embark or a campaign to control leafhoppers and planthoppers, make sure you have lethal yellowing and not a less severe disease with similar symptoms. The symptoms of lethal yellowing appears in these three stages: In the first stage, the nuts fall from the trees prematurely. Fallen nuts have a blackened or browned area near the point where they were attached to the stem. The second stage affects the tips of the male flowers. All new male flowers blacken from the tips down and then die. The tree can’t set fruit. The disease derives its name from the third stage where the fronds turn yellow. Yellowing begins with the lower fronds and advances toward the top of the tree. Trees infected with lethal yellowing disease should be removed and replaced with a resistant species. Consider planting native varieties, which have a natural resistance to the protoplasm. Taking the tree down as soon as you detect the disease helps prevent the spread to other trees.
When trees are rare or valuable, they can be injected with antibiotics. This is an expensive treatment, and the antibiotics are only available to professional arborists in the lower third of the state of Florida. Injections are only used as part of a broader control plan that includes the eventual replacement of the tree. Do not eat coconuts collected from treated palms.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Palm trees are quite hardy in their native ranges but problems can arise when these transplants are sited in regions that aren’t specifically adapted to their needs. Palms that live in areas with violent storms, cold snaps and even excessively wet winters can be prey to leaf loss. There are innumerable reasons for palm tree fronds falling off, from natural “cleaning” to damaging cultivation, disease and pest issues. If there are no fronds on palm tree, the plant may be in real trouble but it is possible to still save it.
Can You Save a Palm Tree Without Fronds? Palms are notable for their air of tropical elegance and ability to conjure up warm trade winds and sandy beaches. In areas with hurricanes, it is common to find sickly looking trees which require special care to resurrect. Reviving dying palm trees may take expert assistance depending upon the level of damage sustained by the plant. In cases where just some of the foliage has been killed, a palm has a good chance at thriving after a good rest and some excellent care. First, you should discover why you have palm tree fronds falling off and nip the cause in the bud.
Self-Cleaning Palms Many palms, such as Washington palms, naturally replace their leaves. The Washington palm forms a skirt with its old leaves while others, such as Foxtail palms, will dispose of dead leaves. If you have a self-cleaning plant, it will naturally replace old fronds with new ones. The large old leaves littering the ground may worry you, but it is a natural process and as long as the tree has a full crown of foliage, nothing to stress about. Every species of palm has a certain number of fronds it will produce in maturity. As new fronds form, old ones fall off. The balance of the perfect number of fronds is essential to the plant’s appearance and health. A palm tree dropping fronds and not replacing them could be a sign of a problem.
Storm Damage, Cold Injuries, Pests and Disease Not all palms are tropical. Some are suited for desert settings, while others have remarkable cold tolerance. If you find palm tree fronds falling off after a heavy weather event, it is likely due to the fact that you do not have a hardy palm tree. Cold injured plants can lose all their leaves. Additionally, wild winds (such as those in a hurricane) can tatter, shred and kill palm leaves. It is a good idea in hurricane prone areas to leave the old skirt of dead leaves to protect the trunk and crown of the plant. Pests can cause damage to fronds. Scale insects are a classic problem. Their sucking feeding activity reduces the tree’s sap and can diminish health. A palm tree dropping fronds is the result in heavy infestations. Diseases, such as root rot, affect the entire tree’s health with leaf loss the number one symptom. It is best to call in a professional if a disease is suspected.
Reviving Dying Palm Trees With winter injured trees, wait until the weather warms before removing dead leaves. These will help protect the tree during the remaining cold months. As long as new leaves start to form after winter, the plant can survive but will need to be watched for any additional stresses. When no fronds on palm trees are forming, start to get concerned. Without leaves, the plant cannot gather solar energy to turn into carbohydrates for fuel. Be judicious about your pruning. Most palms don’t need severe pruning and removing leaves for the sake of beauty can actually be the cruelest cut of all regarding plant vitality.
Use a good palm fertilizer in spring and give the tree deep infrequent watering to enhance its health. One thing to note about damaged palms – if the core of the plant is mushy or heavily damaged, the plant is probably on its way out. Be patient with any foliar loss. Over time the plant may regain its health and grow a new crown of foliage.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Cutting back a palm tree will not make it grow faster. This myth has caused gardeners to do extensive palm tree pruning that doesn’t help and can hurt the tree. Pruning palm plants, like any plant pruning, must be undertaken carefully. If you want to know how and when to prune a palm tree to make it stronger and healthier, read on.
Trimming a Palm Tree Some experts recommend avoiding all palm tree pruning, but most suggest you avoid cutting too much or too often. When should you think about pruning palm plants? Think about cutting back a palm tree if you notice dead or dying fronds. Removing these fronds by pruning palm plants not only prevents breakage damage, it also eliminates nesting places for rats, scorpions and other pests. Another good reason to start trimming a palm tree is when it has become a fire hazard or visual hazard in your yard. If it blocks the views from your driveway or sidewalk, you’ll have to start palm tree pruning.
How and When to Prune a Palm Tree Experts recommend that you wait until spring to prune your palm tree. Those dead fronds may be somewhat unattractive, but they will help protect the palm from summer’s heat and winter’s cold. Sterilize and sharpen your pruning tools before you begin. Generally, you’ll need pruners, garden knives and pruning saws when you are trimming a palm tree. Wear safety glasses and protective gloves, as well as heavy pants and a shirt with long sleeves. Remove any hanging, dead or unhealthy fronds. All dry, wilted or diseased fronds should be removed. On the other hand, when you are pruning palm plants, don’t think you need to prune green, healthy fronds. There is no biological reason to do so and it can stress the tree. Be sure not to remove green fronds growing horizontally or pointing up.
What to Avoid When Cutting Back a Palm Tree When cutting back a palm tree, don’t remove most of the fronds. Some gardeners make the mistake of doing this every year, and the tree becomes weak and unhealthy. In fact, leave as many green fronds as you possibly can on the palm. Palms need many green fronds to produce a steady food supply so that the plant can grow. A palm tree cannot stay healthy and build reserves without a considerable number of green fronds.
And resist the urge to start pruning palm plants for cosmetic reasons. Pruning them into pineapple shapes or skinning their trunks weaken the trees.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Pink rot fungus, also known as Gliocladium blight, is a palm tree disease that infects damaged or weakened palms. Like many fungi, it is easier to prevent than it is to treat. Here are some tips on dealing with pink rot on palms.
Pink Rot Fungus in Palms You won’t see a healthy, robust palm tree planted in just the right place with pink rot fungus. Called an opportunistic fungus, pink rot likes to invade a plant that is already weakened by poor conditions or injuries. Here are a few situations that can lead to pink rot on palms: Palms that don’t get the right amount of sunlight Palms planted to deeply or not deeply enough Soil that is wet, poorly drained or compacted Too much, too little or the wrong type of fertilizer Cold weather damage Palms poorly suited to the area In addition to these environmental conditions, wounds can leave a palm susceptible to pink rot. Pruning away old leaves too soon creates a wound that serves as an entry point for disease. Remove leaf bases during warm, dry weather and only if they come away easily. Wounds caused by freeze damage and landscape maintenance injuries can also lead to pink rot.
Preventing Pink Rot Disease in Palm Trees Make sure the soil drains freely before planting palms. To test the soil drainage, dig a hole about a foot deep and fill it with water. Let the water drain completely and then immediately fill it again. The water level should drop between one and six inches per hour. Will the palm get the right amount of sunlight in the proposed site? The amount of sunlight or shade the tree needs depends on the species, so check the growing information on the plant tag. If the tree isn’t just right for the location you have in mind, consider another type of palm or a different site.
Fertilize palm trees with a special fertilizer designed for palms. Palm fertilizers contain the high concentrations of trace elements that palms need. Follow the package instructions regarding the amount of fertilizer to use and the frequency. Make sure your climate is right for the palm you choose. If temperatures drop too low for the species, the resulting injury can encourage pink rot. A local nursery can help you find the right palm for your area.
Treating Palms with Pink Rot The first step in treating the disease is to correct the stress condition that brought it on. If you can’t change the condition in the tree’s current location, you’ll have to decide whether you are willing to continue battling pink rot. If not, you may have no choice but to remove the tree and replace it with one better suited to the location. There are a couple of fungicides that can help treat pink rot disease in palm trees. You should consider fungicides a temporary measure to help restore the tree while you correct the cultural conditions. Look for fungicide treatments containing thiophanate methyl and mancozeb.
Follow the label instructions and use these pink rot palm treatments on the area of infection. You can also use them as a preventative measure to treat wounds and after pruning.
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