文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Fumariaceae
Stems - To 30cm tall, multiple from base or simple, from stout taproot, branching above, sub-succulent, angled, erect to ascending, glaucous, reddish.
Leaves - Alternate, glabrous, glaucous, dull green. Lowest leaves petiolate (the petioles to +7cm long), pinnately divided. Ultimate divisions entire, acute to mucronate. Upper leaves sessile or short petiolate, reduced, pinnately lobed. Lobes entire, acute to mucronate.
Inflorescence - Axillary racemes to 8cm long, elongating in fruit. Flowers on pedicels 7-10mm long. Pedicels elongating and drooping in fruit, glabrous. Each pedicels subtended by a glabrous foliaceous bract. Bracts to 1cm long, 7mm broad, acute.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, irregular. Petals 4, unequal, slightly joined at base. Uppermost petal spurred, to 1cm long, glabrous. Apex of upper petal toothed, undulate, to 5mm broad. Spur to -3mm long, curved downward slightly. Inner 2 petals connate around the 6 stamens. Stamens diadelphous. Sepals 2, early deciduous.
Fruit - Terete to slightly compressed capsule to 2.5cm long, 2.5mm in diameter, glabrous, pendant. Seeds black, shiny, 2mm in diameter, with a tuberculate keel.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Moist slopes, low woods, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The woodland plants are some of the earliest to bloom in Missouri. This plant is no exception. The little yellow flowers are easy to find along slopes and ravines in spring. You will most likely find this plant accompanied by others such as Dicentra, Asarum, Phlox, and Ranunculus.
Stems - To 30cm tall, multiple from base or simple, from stout taproot, branching above, sub-succulent, angled, erect to ascending, glaucous, reddish.
Leaves - Alternate, glabrous, glaucous, dull green. Lowest leaves petiolate (the petioles to +7cm long), pinnately divided. Ultimate divisions entire, acute to mucronate. Upper leaves sessile or short petiolate, reduced, pinnately lobed. Lobes entire, acute to mucronate.
Inflorescence - Axillary racemes to 8cm long, elongating in fruit. Flowers on pedicels 7-10mm long. Pedicels elongating and drooping in fruit, glabrous. Each pedicels subtended by a glabrous foliaceous bract. Bracts to 1cm long, 7mm broad, acute.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, irregular. Petals 4, unequal, slightly joined at base. Uppermost petal spurred, to 1cm long, glabrous. Apex of upper petal toothed, undulate, to 5mm broad. Spur to -3mm long, curved downward slightly. Inner 2 petals connate around the 6 stamens. Stamens diadelphous. Sepals 2, early deciduous.
Fruit - Terete to slightly compressed capsule to 2.5cm long, 2.5mm in diameter, glabrous, pendant. Seeds black, shiny, 2mm in diameter, with a tuberculate keel.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Moist slopes, low woods, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The woodland plants are some of the earliest to bloom in Missouri. This plant is no exception. The little yellow flowers are easy to find along slopes and ravines in spring. You will most likely find this plant accompanied by others such as Dicentra, Asarum, Phlox, and Ranunculus.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Fumariaceae
Stems - From a thick taproot, multiple from base, erect, herbaceous, to +17cm tall, typically simple, hollow, angled, glabrous.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, glabrous, pinnately divided. The base of the petiole decurrent onto the stem. Leaves to +6cm long (including the petiole), +/-2cm broad. Pinnae alternate, divided again. Ultimate divisions rounded to subacute, silvery-green below, green above, oblanceolate to elliptic.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate raceme, compact in flower, elongating in fruit to +10cm. Each flower subtended by a single ovate bract. Bracts to +6mm long, 4mm broad, acute, entire. Pedicels to 2mm long in flower, elongating slightly in fruit to +/-3mm, erect, glabrous, glaucous.
Flowers - Perianth yellow, to 2cm long. Lower petal 1.1cm long, expanded at apex, glabrous. Margins wavy to erose at the apex. Upper petal to 2cm long, with gibbous base, (base slightly curved downward), expanded at the apex, with a dorsal keel and slightly erose margins. Lateral petals to 4mm long, glabrous, connate at the apex and surrounding pistil and staminal fascicles. Stamens in fascicles, adnate to upper petal near point of attachment to pedicel, upper and lower staminal fascicles surrounding pistil. Filaments united until near their apices and then becoming 3-lobed, glabrous, with nectariferous basal spurs which empty into petal spur. Anthers pale yellow, .5mm long. Anther connective keeled, scarious, 6mm long. Ovary 4-5mm long, 1.1mm in diameter, mealy. Placentation parietal. Style green, 3-4mm long, glabrous. Stigma green, 2-lobed, each lobe with small protuberances. Sepals 2, +/-2mm long, green, bract-like, fugacious. Fruit sericeous and mealy, with persistent style, erect. Seeds few, tuberculate.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Glades, prairies, open rocky ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is an attractive plant which can be found in the western 1/3 of the state and mostly south of the Missouri River. This species is easily distinguished from others in the genus by its mealy fruits. The flowers of this genus (and family) are very interesting morphologically and can be difficult to interpret at first.
Stems - From a thick taproot, multiple from base, erect, herbaceous, to +17cm tall, typically simple, hollow, angled, glabrous.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, glabrous, pinnately divided. The base of the petiole decurrent onto the stem. Leaves to +6cm long (including the petiole), +/-2cm broad. Pinnae alternate, divided again. Ultimate divisions rounded to subacute, silvery-green below, green above, oblanceolate to elliptic.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate raceme, compact in flower, elongating in fruit to +10cm. Each flower subtended by a single ovate bract. Bracts to +6mm long, 4mm broad, acute, entire. Pedicels to 2mm long in flower, elongating slightly in fruit to +/-3mm, erect, glabrous, glaucous.
Flowers - Perianth yellow, to 2cm long. Lower petal 1.1cm long, expanded at apex, glabrous. Margins wavy to erose at the apex. Upper petal to 2cm long, with gibbous base, (base slightly curved downward), expanded at the apex, with a dorsal keel and slightly erose margins. Lateral petals to 4mm long, glabrous, connate at the apex and surrounding pistil and staminal fascicles. Stamens in fascicles, adnate to upper petal near point of attachment to pedicel, upper and lower staminal fascicles surrounding pistil. Filaments united until near their apices and then becoming 3-lobed, glabrous, with nectariferous basal spurs which empty into petal spur. Anthers pale yellow, .5mm long. Anther connective keeled, scarious, 6mm long. Ovary 4-5mm long, 1.1mm in diameter, mealy. Placentation parietal. Style green, 3-4mm long, glabrous. Stigma green, 2-lobed, each lobe with small protuberances. Sepals 2, +/-2mm long, green, bract-like, fugacious. Fruit sericeous and mealy, with persistent style, erect. Seeds few, tuberculate.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Glades, prairies, open rocky ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is an attractive plant which can be found in the western 1/3 of the state and mostly south of the Missouri River. This species is easily distinguished from others in the genus by its mealy fruits. The flowers of this genus (and family) are very interesting morphologically and can be difficult to interpret at first.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To -1m tall, erect, single from base but branching in upper half, densely pilose with long and short hairs(short hairs often glandular and viscid), herbaceous, with light green vertical lines, from thin branching taproot or fibrous roots.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, oblong to oblong-linear, pilose, entire (lower leaves sometimes dentate), to +4cm long, -1cm broad, acute to mucronate, dense on stem.
Inflorescence - Loose clusters of terminal flower heads. Each flower head long pedunculate.
Involucre - To 7mm tall(long), 6.5mm in diameter. Phyllaries imbricate, pilose externally, glabrous internally, linear, the longest to 6mm, with scarious margins.
Ray flowers - Fertile, pistillate. Ligules yellow, 8mm long, 2.2mm broad, glabrous. Tube pubescent. Achenes (in flower) pubescent, 1.1mm long, compressed. Pappus of outer series of scales to 1mm long and inner series of capillary bristles to 5mm long.
Disk flowers - Disk 5-6mm in diameter. Corolla tubes to 3mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, .5mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube, included. Anthers yellow, connate around style, 2mm long. Style bifurcate. Stigmas barbellate. Achenes (in flower) pubescent, ovoid and compressed, 2mm long. Pappus same as in ray flowers. Fruiting head brownish-tan and globose. Fruiting achenes 10-nerved.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Rocky dry prairies, fields, glades, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the southern Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field. The pilose stems and bright golden flowers are good characteristics to look for. The species is sometimes used in native landscaping and deserves more attention in cultivation.
Stems - To -1m tall, erect, single from base but branching in upper half, densely pilose with long and short hairs(short hairs often glandular and viscid), herbaceous, with light green vertical lines, from thin branching taproot or fibrous roots.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, oblong to oblong-linear, pilose, entire (lower leaves sometimes dentate), to +4cm long, -1cm broad, acute to mucronate, dense on stem.
Inflorescence - Loose clusters of terminal flower heads. Each flower head long pedunculate.
Involucre - To 7mm tall(long), 6.5mm in diameter. Phyllaries imbricate, pilose externally, glabrous internally, linear, the longest to 6mm, with scarious margins.
Ray flowers - Fertile, pistillate. Ligules yellow, 8mm long, 2.2mm broad, glabrous. Tube pubescent. Achenes (in flower) pubescent, 1.1mm long, compressed. Pappus of outer series of scales to 1mm long and inner series of capillary bristles to 5mm long.
Disk flowers - Disk 5-6mm in diameter. Corolla tubes to 3mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, .5mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube, included. Anthers yellow, connate around style, 2mm long. Style bifurcate. Stigmas barbellate. Achenes (in flower) pubescent, ovoid and compressed, 2mm long. Pappus same as in ray flowers. Fruiting head brownish-tan and globose. Fruiting achenes 10-nerved.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Rocky dry prairies, fields, glades, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the southern Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field. The pilose stems and bright golden flowers are good characteristics to look for. The species is sometimes used in native landscaping and deserves more attention in cultivation.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - From a taproot, widely branching above the base, herbaceous but stout at the base, erect to ascending, to +/-50cm tall, antrorse pubescent.
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, even-pinnate, with +/-11 pairs of leaflets. Stipules erect, appressed, lanceolate, striate-nerved, to 6mm long, green but often with a reddish apex, antrorse strigose (at least on the margins). Gland of the petiole stalkless, to about .6mm in diameter, purplish. Petiole and rachis antrorse pubescent. Leaflets sessile, opposite, entire, to 1.4cm long, 4mm broad, linear-oblong, oblique at the base, rounded and mucronate at the apex, with antrorse strigose margins, glabrous and deep green adaxially, light green and glabrous abaxially, lateral veins evident abaxially.
Inflorescence - Fascicles of 4-5 flowers from the side of the stem (within the internode). Each flower subtended by a linear-lanceolate bract. Bracts exceeding the pedicel. Pedicels short, to 1.2mm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, yellow, unequal, glabrous, distinct. Lowest petal enlarged, to -9mm long, 7-8mm broad, rotund. Upper petals smaller than the lowest, cupped around the other floral organs, at least one of the lateral petals with erose margins. Stamens 5, distinct, glabrous. Filaments whitish, short (to 1.2mm long). Anthers purplish to reddish, apically dehiscent, 2.5mm long. Ovary green, superior, 3mm long, densely appressed pubescent. Style up-curved, -2mm long, greenish, glabrous. Calyx deeply 5-lobed, the tube sparse pubescent, green, -1mm long. Lobes spreading, yellowish, linear-lanceolate, entire, sparse antrorse pubescent externally, glabrous internally, +/-5mm long, 1.2mm broad, often folded slightly.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Slopes, ridges, open woods, prairies, thickets, roadsides, railroads. Usually on acid soils.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found mainly in the southern 1/2 of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its small yellow flowers and finely pinnate leaves. The leaves are sensitive to the touch and will close when touched or when hit by strong sunlight. This action, however, is not nearly as quick or dramatic as it is in other species from the family.
Traditionally the roots of this species were used to make a tea that was believed to relieve fatigue. The fruits of C. nictitans can be glabrous or spreading hairy and are eaten by wildlife.
Stems - From a taproot, widely branching above the base, herbaceous but stout at the base, erect to ascending, to +/-50cm tall, antrorse pubescent.
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, even-pinnate, with +/-11 pairs of leaflets. Stipules erect, appressed, lanceolate, striate-nerved, to 6mm long, green but often with a reddish apex, antrorse strigose (at least on the margins). Gland of the petiole stalkless, to about .6mm in diameter, purplish. Petiole and rachis antrorse pubescent. Leaflets sessile, opposite, entire, to 1.4cm long, 4mm broad, linear-oblong, oblique at the base, rounded and mucronate at the apex, with antrorse strigose margins, glabrous and deep green adaxially, light green and glabrous abaxially, lateral veins evident abaxially.
Inflorescence - Fascicles of 4-5 flowers from the side of the stem (within the internode). Each flower subtended by a linear-lanceolate bract. Bracts exceeding the pedicel. Pedicels short, to 1.2mm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, yellow, unequal, glabrous, distinct. Lowest petal enlarged, to -9mm long, 7-8mm broad, rotund. Upper petals smaller than the lowest, cupped around the other floral organs, at least one of the lateral petals with erose margins. Stamens 5, distinct, glabrous. Filaments whitish, short (to 1.2mm long). Anthers purplish to reddish, apically dehiscent, 2.5mm long. Ovary green, superior, 3mm long, densely appressed pubescent. Style up-curved, -2mm long, greenish, glabrous. Calyx deeply 5-lobed, the tube sparse pubescent, green, -1mm long. Lobes spreading, yellowish, linear-lanceolate, entire, sparse antrorse pubescent externally, glabrous internally, +/-5mm long, 1.2mm broad, often folded slightly.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Slopes, ridges, open woods, prairies, thickets, roadsides, railroads. Usually on acid soils.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found mainly in the southern 1/2 of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its small yellow flowers and finely pinnate leaves. The leaves are sensitive to the touch and will close when touched or when hit by strong sunlight. This action, however, is not nearly as quick or dramatic as it is in other species from the family.
Traditionally the roots of this species were used to make a tea that was believed to relieve fatigue. The fruits of C. nictitans can be glabrous or spreading hairy and are eaten by wildlife.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - To +/-2m tall, multiple from caudex, glabrous, herbaceous, erect, with "zig-zag" growth pattern near apex.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, even-pinnate, to +20cm long, with +/-20 leaflets. Petiole with pair of glands at base. Glands cylindrical, 2.5mm long, 2mm in diameter, brown. Leaflets glabrous, oblong to narrowly ovate, to +5cm long, -2cm broad, mucronate. Margins of leaflets ciliate and yellowish in color. Petiolules to 2.5mm long, sparse pubescent.
Inflorescence - Dense axillary racemes to 6cm long. Peduncle with black glands. Pedicels to 1.5cm long, with black glands, sparse pubescent.
Flowers - Petals 5, yellow, spreading, free, subequal, to 1.3cm long, 5mm broad, rounded at apex, glabrous, spatulate. Stamens 10, unequal. Upper 3 stamens much reduced. Lower 3 stamens to 1.2cm long. Filaments glabrous, yellow. Anthers brown, flattened to terete. Style green, 3mm long. Ovary 8mm long, densely pubescent in opposing vertical lines. Sepals 5, yellow, 5-6mm long, 3-4mm broad, acute, ciliate margined, glabrous, reflexed. Fruit a thin flat pod to +/-10 cm long, +/-1cm broad, black.
Flowering - July - August.
Habitat - Open rocky woods, thickets, wet meadows, bases of bluffs, slopes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a common plant in the state. It seems to prefer a moist soil location and bright sun.
Being a perennial and having a shrubby growth habit, it seems ideal for cultivation and frequently is planted for ornamental use.
Stems - To +/-2m tall, multiple from caudex, glabrous, herbaceous, erect, with "zig-zag" growth pattern near apex.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, even-pinnate, to +20cm long, with +/-20 leaflets. Petiole with pair of glands at base. Glands cylindrical, 2.5mm long, 2mm in diameter, brown. Leaflets glabrous, oblong to narrowly ovate, to +5cm long, -2cm broad, mucronate. Margins of leaflets ciliate and yellowish in color. Petiolules to 2.5mm long, sparse pubescent.
Inflorescence - Dense axillary racemes to 6cm long. Peduncle with black glands. Pedicels to 1.5cm long, with black glands, sparse pubescent.
Flowers - Petals 5, yellow, spreading, free, subequal, to 1.3cm long, 5mm broad, rounded at apex, glabrous, spatulate. Stamens 10, unequal. Upper 3 stamens much reduced. Lower 3 stamens to 1.2cm long. Filaments glabrous, yellow. Anthers brown, flattened to terete. Style green, 3mm long. Ovary 8mm long, densely pubescent in opposing vertical lines. Sepals 5, yellow, 5-6mm long, 3-4mm broad, acute, ciliate margined, glabrous, reflexed. Fruit a thin flat pod to +/-10 cm long, +/-1cm broad, black.
Flowering - July - August.
Habitat - Open rocky woods, thickets, wet meadows, bases of bluffs, slopes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a common plant in the state. It seems to prefer a moist soil location and bright sun.
Being a perennial and having a shrubby growth habit, it seems ideal for cultivation and frequently is planted for ornamental use.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - From a taproot, herbaceous, to .75m tall, erect, with antrorse pubescence, branching, often purplish.
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, petiolate, even-pinnate, with +/-13 pairs of leaflets. Stipules attenuate, +1cm long, -2mm broad at base, with antrorse pubescence, erect, green. Petiole with a glad on the adaxial surface. Gland stalked, (the stalk to .5mm long), -1mm in diameter. Leaflets opposite, sessile, entire, glabrous, glaucous below, green above, mucronate, oblique at the base, 5mm broad, 2cm long, linear.
Inflorescence - Short pedunculate fascicles of flowers from the internodes of the stem. Fascicles with +/-5 flowers each. Pedicels subtended by an attenuate bract. Bracts much like the stipules in form. Pedicels to +/-2cm long, antrorse pubescent, with a pair of opposite bracts in the apical 1/3. Bracts like the stipules in form.
Flowers - Petals 5, yellow, glabrous, unequal, uppermost being the largest, to 2.5cm long, 2cm broad, orbicular. One of the lateral petals typically cupped over the other floral organs. All petals short-clawed and reddish at the base. Stamens 10, unequal, erect, to 1cm long. Anthers purple. Pistil deflexed. Ovary to 4mm long, with dense white matted hairs. Style to +1cm long, greenish white, becoming glabrous towards apex, curved. Sepals 5, linear to linear-lanceolate, 1.7cm long, 4mm brad, spreading, greenish with a yellowish midvein, margins scarious. Fruits compressed, glabrous to short appressed-pubescent, to +6cm long, +5mm broad, elastically dehiscent.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, fields, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is an extremely common plant throughout Missouri. The large yellow flowers are easy to spot along roadways. The fruits of this species are elastically dehiscent and can fling seeds quite a good distance. Hence, the plant spreads quickly and can take over a garden if not controlled carefully.
Steyermark lists different varieties and forms for the plants based on stem pubescence and flower color (which can also be white), but I won't go into those here as some may no longer be valid.
Many ID books and botanical keys mention that the way to differentiate between this species and the very similar C. nictitans L. is by the presence or absence of a stalk on the gland which is at the base of the leaf petioles. I have found this characteristic to not hold-up in the field at all. The best way to tell the two species apart is by the flower, which is very different in size between the two species. Vegetatively the two species are practically identical.
A synonym for the plant is Cassia fasciculata Michx.
Stems - From a taproot, herbaceous, to .75m tall, erect, with antrorse pubescence, branching, often purplish.
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, petiolate, even-pinnate, with +/-13 pairs of leaflets. Stipules attenuate, +1cm long, -2mm broad at base, with antrorse pubescence, erect, green. Petiole with a glad on the adaxial surface. Gland stalked, (the stalk to .5mm long), -1mm in diameter. Leaflets opposite, sessile, entire, glabrous, glaucous below, green above, mucronate, oblique at the base, 5mm broad, 2cm long, linear.
Inflorescence - Short pedunculate fascicles of flowers from the internodes of the stem. Fascicles with +/-5 flowers each. Pedicels subtended by an attenuate bract. Bracts much like the stipules in form. Pedicels to +/-2cm long, antrorse pubescent, with a pair of opposite bracts in the apical 1/3. Bracts like the stipules in form.
Flowers - Petals 5, yellow, glabrous, unequal, uppermost being the largest, to 2.5cm long, 2cm broad, orbicular. One of the lateral petals typically cupped over the other floral organs. All petals short-clawed and reddish at the base. Stamens 10, unequal, erect, to 1cm long. Anthers purple. Pistil deflexed. Ovary to 4mm long, with dense white matted hairs. Style to +1cm long, greenish white, becoming glabrous towards apex, curved. Sepals 5, linear to linear-lanceolate, 1.7cm long, 4mm brad, spreading, greenish with a yellowish midvein, margins scarious. Fruits compressed, glabrous to short appressed-pubescent, to +6cm long, +5mm broad, elastically dehiscent.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, fields, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is an extremely common plant throughout Missouri. The large yellow flowers are easy to spot along roadways. The fruits of this species are elastically dehiscent and can fling seeds quite a good distance. Hence, the plant spreads quickly and can take over a garden if not controlled carefully.
Steyermark lists different varieties and forms for the plants based on stem pubescence and flower color (which can also be white), but I won't go into those here as some may no longer be valid.
Many ID books and botanical keys mention that the way to differentiate between this species and the very similar C. nictitans L. is by the presence or absence of a stalk on the gland which is at the base of the leaf petioles. I have found this characteristic to not hold-up in the field at all. The best way to tell the two species apart is by the flower, which is very different in size between the two species. Vegetatively the two species are practically identical.
A synonym for the plant is Cassia fasciculata Michx.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Brassicaceae
Stems - To +60cm tall, from stout taproot, herbaceous, glaucous above, with stellate and simple hairs below (dense), erect, typically simple.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, clasping, stellate and simple pubescent. Lowest leaves 5-6cm long, 1.5-2cm broad, oblong, entire. Middle and upper leaves reduced upward, lanceolate. Auricles typically pointed.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, compact in flower, elongating in fruit to +30cm tall (long). Pedicels to 3mm in flower, elongating to 1.5cm in fruit, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 4, pale-yellow, to +/-5mm long. 1.2mm broad at apex, glabrous. Stamens 6. Filaments glabrous, 3mm long. Anthers yellow, .2mm long and broad. Ovary ovoid, 2-valved. Style 1mm long, persistent in fruit and forming beak. Stigma globose.
Fruit - Obovoid silicle tapering at base, to 5mm long, 4mm in diameter, glabrous, many seeded(+/-10). Beak to 2mm long. Valves margined.
Flowering - April - September.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This is an easily identifiable plant which you are not likely to see unless you like to walk railroad tracks. The flowers close and shrivel very quickly on sunny, warm days, so the plant is best viewed when it's overcast. Pulling the plant from the ground is an effort in futility as the taproot is quite large.
Stems - To +60cm tall, from stout taproot, herbaceous, glaucous above, with stellate and simple hairs below (dense), erect, typically simple.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, clasping, stellate and simple pubescent. Lowest leaves 5-6cm long, 1.5-2cm broad, oblong, entire. Middle and upper leaves reduced upward, lanceolate. Auricles typically pointed.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, compact in flower, elongating in fruit to +30cm tall (long). Pedicels to 3mm in flower, elongating to 1.5cm in fruit, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 4, pale-yellow, to +/-5mm long. 1.2mm broad at apex, glabrous. Stamens 6. Filaments glabrous, 3mm long. Anthers yellow, .2mm long and broad. Ovary ovoid, 2-valved. Style 1mm long, persistent in fruit and forming beak. Stigma globose.
Fruit - Obovoid silicle tapering at base, to 5mm long, 4mm in diameter, glabrous, many seeded(+/-10). Beak to 2mm long. Valves margined.
Flowering - April - September.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This is an easily identifiable plant which you are not likely to see unless you like to walk railroad tracks. The flowers close and shrivel very quickly on sunny, warm days, so the plant is best viewed when it's overcast. Pulling the plant from the ground is an effort in futility as the taproot is quite large.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Brassicaceae
Stems - To 1.5m tall, herbaceous, branching, erect, reddish-purple below, greenish-red above, glabrous, from large thickened taproot to +10cm in diameter.
Leaves - Alternate, glabrous. Lowest leaves to +25cm long, lyrate-pinnatifid, with small prickles above and below on leaf tissue. Middle and upper cauline leaves clasping, glabrous, glaucous, lanceolate. Margins crenate with prickles caused by veins extending beyond leaf tissue.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, compact in flower, elongating in fruit to +40cm long. Pedicels of flowers 5-6mm long, elongating in fruit to 1.5cm long, -1mm in diameter.
Flowers - Petals 4, 4-5mm broad at apex, obtuse, yellow, glabrous, to 1cm long, clawed. Stamens 6, erect. Longer 4 stamens with filaments to 4.5mm long, white, glabrous. Shorter stamens with filaments to 2mm long. Anthers yellow, +2mm long. Ovary 4.5mm long, slightly flattened, glabrous. Style 2mm long, persistent in fruit as beak. Sepals 4, yellow, glabrous, 1.5mm broad, 6mm long, linear, spreading to erect.
Flowering - April - September.
Habitat - Cultivated and escaped to waste places, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This is the commonly cultivated rutabaga enjoyed by many. The plant is actually quite nice to look at. Turnips, B. campestris L., resemble rutabagas but the roots are flat across the top.
Stems - To 1.5m tall, herbaceous, branching, erect, reddish-purple below, greenish-red above, glabrous, from large thickened taproot to +10cm in diameter.
Leaves - Alternate, glabrous. Lowest leaves to +25cm long, lyrate-pinnatifid, with small prickles above and below on leaf tissue. Middle and upper cauline leaves clasping, glabrous, glaucous, lanceolate. Margins crenate with prickles caused by veins extending beyond leaf tissue.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, compact in flower, elongating in fruit to +40cm long. Pedicels of flowers 5-6mm long, elongating in fruit to 1.5cm long, -1mm in diameter.
Flowers - Petals 4, 4-5mm broad at apex, obtuse, yellow, glabrous, to 1cm long, clawed. Stamens 6, erect. Longer 4 stamens with filaments to 4.5mm long, white, glabrous. Shorter stamens with filaments to 2mm long. Anthers yellow, +2mm long. Ovary 4.5mm long, slightly flattened, glabrous. Style 2mm long, persistent in fruit as beak. Sepals 4, yellow, glabrous, 1.5mm broad, 6mm long, linear, spreading to erect.
Flowering - April - September.
Habitat - Cultivated and escaped to waste places, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This is the commonly cultivated rutabaga enjoyed by many. The plant is actually quite nice to look at. Turnips, B. campestris L., resemble rutabagas but the roots are flat across the top.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Brassicaceae
Stems - To +80cm tall, bluish-green, glabrous, glaucous, herbaceous, erect, branching above, typically single from base, from taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, glabrous, glaucous. Basal leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, dentate, to +15cm long. Auricles rounded. Cauline leaves sessile, clasping, auriculate, reduced above, to 9cm long, 3cm broad. Auricles rounded and broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal racemes, compact in flower and elongating in fruit to +30cm. Pedicels 6-10cm long in flower, elongating in fruit to +3cm and eventually at or near perpendicular to the axis of the inflorescence, glabrous, glaucous.
Flowers - Petals 4, yellow, clawed, glabrous. Claw to 5mm long, pale yellow to whitish. Limb to 5mm long, 4mm broad, rounded to blunt at apex. Stamens 6, 4 larger and 2 smaller (the two smaller stamens opposite and outside of the larger stamens). Filaments to 7mm long, glabrous, yellow-green. Anthers yellow, 2mm long. Ovary glabrous, green, terete, 4-5mm long. Style 1.7mm long, persistent in fruit. Stigma capitate. Sepals 4, 6-7mm long, to 2mm broad, linear, glabrous, yellow-green, erect to spreading, often with revolute margins. Siliques to +6cm long, terete, ascending and almost parallel with the axis of inflorescence, beaked, glabrous. Beak to 9mm long.
Flowering - April - September.
Habitat - Roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This is the species plant which gives rise to the Rutabaga. Chromosome numbers show that, originally, the plant was a hybrid between B. campestris L. (Turnip) and B. oleracea L. (Cabbage, Broccoli, etc.).
B. napusis not commonly found wild in Missouri but is beginning to spread throughout the state.
Stems - To +80cm tall, bluish-green, glabrous, glaucous, herbaceous, erect, branching above, typically single from base, from taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, glabrous, glaucous. Basal leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, dentate, to +15cm long. Auricles rounded. Cauline leaves sessile, clasping, auriculate, reduced above, to 9cm long, 3cm broad. Auricles rounded and broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal racemes, compact in flower and elongating in fruit to +30cm. Pedicels 6-10cm long in flower, elongating in fruit to +3cm and eventually at or near perpendicular to the axis of the inflorescence, glabrous, glaucous.
Flowers - Petals 4, yellow, clawed, glabrous. Claw to 5mm long, pale yellow to whitish. Limb to 5mm long, 4mm broad, rounded to blunt at apex. Stamens 6, 4 larger and 2 smaller (the two smaller stamens opposite and outside of the larger stamens). Filaments to 7mm long, glabrous, yellow-green. Anthers yellow, 2mm long. Ovary glabrous, green, terete, 4-5mm long. Style 1.7mm long, persistent in fruit. Stigma capitate. Sepals 4, 6-7mm long, to 2mm broad, linear, glabrous, yellow-green, erect to spreading, often with revolute margins. Siliques to +6cm long, terete, ascending and almost parallel with the axis of inflorescence, beaked, glabrous. Beak to 9mm long.
Flowering - April - September.
Habitat - Roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This is the species plant which gives rise to the Rutabaga. Chromosome numbers show that, originally, the plant was a hybrid between B. campestris L. (Turnip) and B. oleracea L. (Cabbage, Broccoli, etc.).
B. napusis not commonly found wild in Missouri but is beginning to spread throughout the state.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +2m tall, erect, multiple from the base, from a taproot and woody crown, herbaceous, terete, branching near the apex, with dense reddish-purple pubescence. The hairs multicellular.
Leaves - Alternate, the lowest petiolate. Petioles to +/-10cm long, pubescent as the stem. Leaves becoming sessile upward. Blades cordate, crenate, ovate, pubescent on both surfaces, to +15cm long, +10cm broad, rounded to blunt at the apex, reduced upward.
Inflorescence - Corymbiform clusters of flower heads terminating the stems. Peduncles densely purplish pubescent.
Involucre - Phyllaries imbricate, to +1cm long, 7mm broad, pubescent, obovate to oblanceolate, green in apical half, whitish green near the base, slightly tapering to a subacute to blunt apex, entire. Involucre to 2cm broad.
Ray flowers - Fertile and pistillate. Ligule elliptic, often notched at the apex, yellow, glabrous adaxially, pubescent abaxially, to +1.5cm long, 1cm broad. Corolla tube 1mm long, pubescent. Stigmas purple, to 1.5mm long. Achenes orbicular to broadly ovate, compressed, glabrous on one side, comose on other side, to +4mm in diameter (in flower), becoming black at maturity. Pappus absent.
Disk flowers - Flowers staminate. Disk to 1.3cm broad. Disk corollas purple, to 4mm long, 5-lobed, glabrous. Lobes subacute to rounded, .6-.7mm long, densely grayish pubescent externally. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the corolla tube. Filaments yellowish, glabrous, to 2mm long, connivent around the stigmas. Style 1.5mm long, pale yellow, glabrous. Stigma undivided, yellow, to +2mm long, pubescent. Achene pubescent, 2mm long (in flower), cylindric, .4mm in diameter. Pappus absent. Receptacle convex. Chaff densely pubescent. enclosing the achene and partially enclosing the corolla, to 5mm long, rounded and greenish at the apex, tapering to the base and whitish below.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Dry rocky open woods, glades, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the southern Ozark region of Missouri. It is a characteristic plant of glades and rocky woods. B. texana is a very showy plant and deserves to be in cultivation.
The plant is easily identified in the field by its densely pubescent stems, clasping leaves, and habitat.
Stems - To +2m tall, erect, multiple from the base, from a taproot and woody crown, herbaceous, terete, branching near the apex, with dense reddish-purple pubescence. The hairs multicellular.
Leaves - Alternate, the lowest petiolate. Petioles to +/-10cm long, pubescent as the stem. Leaves becoming sessile upward. Blades cordate, crenate, ovate, pubescent on both surfaces, to +15cm long, +10cm broad, rounded to blunt at the apex, reduced upward.
Inflorescence - Corymbiform clusters of flower heads terminating the stems. Peduncles densely purplish pubescent.
Involucre - Phyllaries imbricate, to +1cm long, 7mm broad, pubescent, obovate to oblanceolate, green in apical half, whitish green near the base, slightly tapering to a subacute to blunt apex, entire. Involucre to 2cm broad.
Ray flowers - Fertile and pistillate. Ligule elliptic, often notched at the apex, yellow, glabrous adaxially, pubescent abaxially, to +1.5cm long, 1cm broad. Corolla tube 1mm long, pubescent. Stigmas purple, to 1.5mm long. Achenes orbicular to broadly ovate, compressed, glabrous on one side, comose on other side, to +4mm in diameter (in flower), becoming black at maturity. Pappus absent.
Disk flowers - Flowers staminate. Disk to 1.3cm broad. Disk corollas purple, to 4mm long, 5-lobed, glabrous. Lobes subacute to rounded, .6-.7mm long, densely grayish pubescent externally. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the corolla tube. Filaments yellowish, glabrous, to 2mm long, connivent around the stigmas. Style 1.5mm long, pale yellow, glabrous. Stigma undivided, yellow, to +2mm long, pubescent. Achene pubescent, 2mm long (in flower), cylindric, .4mm in diameter. Pappus absent. Receptacle convex. Chaff densely pubescent. enclosing the achene and partially enclosing the corolla, to 5mm long, rounded and greenish at the apex, tapering to the base and whitish below.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Dry rocky open woods, glades, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the southern Ozark region of Missouri. It is a characteristic plant of glades and rocky woods. B. texana is a very showy plant and deserves to be in cultivation.
The plant is easily identified in the field by its densely pubescent stems, clasping leaves, and habitat.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Brassicacaea
Stems - To -1m tall, multiple from base, branching, glabrous, herbaceous, from taproot, erect, carinate, greenish-purple.
Leaves - Alternate. Lower leaves lyrate, petiolate, glabrous or with some sparse pubescence, to +20cm long. Lobes with coarse shallow teeth or entire. Upper leaves reduced, sessile, entire or with a few coarse teeth.
Inflorescence - Compact terminal racemes elongating in fruit to +40cm long. Flowers on pedicels to 3mm long. Pedicels elongating in fruit to 6mm long, 4-angled, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 4, yellow, free, 7-8mm long, 2-3mm broad, truncate at apex, glabrous, tapering and lighter yellow to white at base. Stamens 6, erect. Longer 4 stamens with filaments to 4mm long. Filaments glabrous, whitish yellow, with glands at base. Anthers yellow, 1.1-1.5mm broad. Ovary (sub)terete, green, glabrous, 4mm long. Style 1.8mm long, persistent. Stigma sub-biglobose. Sepals 4, greenish-yellow, glabrous, 4-5mm long, 1-1.5mm broad, with lighter yellow margins.
Fruit - Siliques glabrous, many seeded, erect to spreading, 2-3cm long, slightly compressed, beaked. Beak to 3mm long.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, pastures, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - Its hard to miss this plant in the middle of spring. The bright and abundant yellow flowers dominate the roadsides and waste places. It is yet another one of aggressive, introduced members of the Brassicaceae we see so often in this state. Care should be taken not to spread the plant.
The leaves can be eaten but have a sharp, bitter quality.
Stems - To -1m tall, multiple from base, branching, glabrous, herbaceous, from taproot, erect, carinate, greenish-purple.
Leaves - Alternate. Lower leaves lyrate, petiolate, glabrous or with some sparse pubescence, to +20cm long. Lobes with coarse shallow teeth or entire. Upper leaves reduced, sessile, entire or with a few coarse teeth.
Inflorescence - Compact terminal racemes elongating in fruit to +40cm long. Flowers on pedicels to 3mm long. Pedicels elongating in fruit to 6mm long, 4-angled, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 4, yellow, free, 7-8mm long, 2-3mm broad, truncate at apex, glabrous, tapering and lighter yellow to white at base. Stamens 6, erect. Longer 4 stamens with filaments to 4mm long. Filaments glabrous, whitish yellow, with glands at base. Anthers yellow, 1.1-1.5mm broad. Ovary (sub)terete, green, glabrous, 4mm long. Style 1.8mm long, persistent. Stigma sub-biglobose. Sepals 4, greenish-yellow, glabrous, 4-5mm long, 1-1.5mm broad, with lighter yellow margins.
Fruit - Siliques glabrous, many seeded, erect to spreading, 2-3cm long, slightly compressed, beaked. Beak to 3mm long.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, pastures, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - Its hard to miss this plant in the middle of spring. The bright and abundant yellow flowers dominate the roadsides and waste places. It is yet another one of aggressive, introduced members of the Brassicaceae we see so often in this state. Care should be taken not to spread the plant.
The leaves can be eaten but have a sharp, bitter quality.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - To +40cm tall, from thick caudex, villous to glabrous and glaucous, herbaceous, branching divaricately or divergently.
Leaves - Alternate, palmately 3-lobed, sessile to short petiolate(the petiole winged), stipulate. Stipules to -4cm long, 2cm broad, lanceolate-attenuate, ciliate margined, pubescent to glabrous. Lobes of leaves to +6cm long, +1.5cm broad, oblanceolate to spatulate, pubescent to glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal-horizontally spreading raceme to +25cm long. Flowers secund to top of axis. Each flower subtended by a single, ovate-lanceolate, foliaceous bract. Pedicels to +2.5cm long, hirsute to glabrous.
Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous, yellow. Standard to -3cm broad, +2cm long. Stamens 10, free. Filaments to 2cm long, glabrous, greenish-white. Anthers orange-yellow, 2mm long. Ovary terete, dense antrorse pubescent, tapering at apex. Calyx tubular, bilabiate. Calyx tube to 6mm long, pubescent externally(sometimes very sparse), internally lanate at apex and glabrous at base. Upper lip of calyx single-lobed. Lobe with notch at apex, 5mm long. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes 4mm long, deltoid.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Prairies, rocky open woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a fairly low growing plant which is easily spotted in the late spring growing along roadside prairies and open woods. The yellow horizontal inflorescences are unmistakable.
Steyermark lists two varieties for the plant. Variety leucophaea has pubescent stems and leaves. Variety glabrescens Larisey has stems which are glabrous and often glaucous, and leaves which are glabrous but still have ciliate margins. Variety glabrescens is also found more in the eastern half of the state.
A synonym for the plant is B. bracteata Muhl. var glabrescens (Larisely) Isely
Stems - To +40cm tall, from thick caudex, villous to glabrous and glaucous, herbaceous, branching divaricately or divergently.
Leaves - Alternate, palmately 3-lobed, sessile to short petiolate(the petiole winged), stipulate. Stipules to -4cm long, 2cm broad, lanceolate-attenuate, ciliate margined, pubescent to glabrous. Lobes of leaves to +6cm long, +1.5cm broad, oblanceolate to spatulate, pubescent to glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal-horizontally spreading raceme to +25cm long. Flowers secund to top of axis. Each flower subtended by a single, ovate-lanceolate, foliaceous bract. Pedicels to +2.5cm long, hirsute to glabrous.
Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous, yellow. Standard to -3cm broad, +2cm long. Stamens 10, free. Filaments to 2cm long, glabrous, greenish-white. Anthers orange-yellow, 2mm long. Ovary terete, dense antrorse pubescent, tapering at apex. Calyx tubular, bilabiate. Calyx tube to 6mm long, pubescent externally(sometimes very sparse), internally lanate at apex and glabrous at base. Upper lip of calyx single-lobed. Lobe with notch at apex, 5mm long. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes 4mm long, deltoid.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Prairies, rocky open woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a fairly low growing plant which is easily spotted in the late spring growing along roadside prairies and open woods. The yellow horizontal inflorescences are unmistakable.
Steyermark lists two varieties for the plant. Variety leucophaea has pubescent stems and leaves. Variety glabrescens Larisey has stems which are glabrous and often glaucous, and leaves which are glabrous but still have ciliate margins. Variety glabrescens is also found more in the eastern half of the state.
A synonym for the plant is B. bracteata Muhl. var glabrescens (Larisely) Isely
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, herbaceous, multiple from base, branching above, sub-tomentose, producing stolons. Vascular tissue of stem appearing as parallel vertical lines on stem. Stems fragrant if crushed.
Leaves - Alternate, mostly sessile, sparse lanate and hispidulous on upper surface, sparse lanate below, deeply pinnatifid (the main divisions again pinnately lobed). Ultimate divisions toothed and mucronate (at least on the lower leaves). Lower leaves to +/-7cm long, 3cm broad. Upper leaves shorter but slightly more broad. All leaves fragrant when crushed.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating stem.
Involucre - Broad, flattish, 1.8cm in diameter. Phyllaries imbricate, 4-5mm long, 1.4mm broad, green with scarious margins, sparse lanate externally mostly near apex. Apices sometimes appearing lacerate.
Ray flowers - Ligules to 1.2cm long, 4-5mm broad, glabrous, truncate to emarginate at apex. Flowers fertile. Pappus none. Achene 2mm long (in flower), flattened to 4-angled.
Disk flowers - Disk to 2.2cm broad and dome shaped when mature. Corolla 5-lobed, yellow. Tube to 3mm long, glabrous. Flowers fertile. Pappus none. Achene 2mm long (in flower), grayish-white, slightly 4-angled. Chaff of receptacle to 6mm long, flattened and scarious below in lower half, tapering to a terete-pointed yellow apex.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Waste ground, fields, moist woods, also cultivated.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This is just one of the genus Anthemis that is recognized as "Chamomile" that people like to grow and brew for tea and other uses. The plant is not that common in the wilds of Missouri but is cultivated fairly regularly. The stems of the plant begin to lean as the plant gets to tall.
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, herbaceous, multiple from base, branching above, sub-tomentose, producing stolons. Vascular tissue of stem appearing as parallel vertical lines on stem. Stems fragrant if crushed.
Leaves - Alternate, mostly sessile, sparse lanate and hispidulous on upper surface, sparse lanate below, deeply pinnatifid (the main divisions again pinnately lobed). Ultimate divisions toothed and mucronate (at least on the lower leaves). Lower leaves to +/-7cm long, 3cm broad. Upper leaves shorter but slightly more broad. All leaves fragrant when crushed.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating stem.
Involucre - Broad, flattish, 1.8cm in diameter. Phyllaries imbricate, 4-5mm long, 1.4mm broad, green with scarious margins, sparse lanate externally mostly near apex. Apices sometimes appearing lacerate.
Ray flowers - Ligules to 1.2cm long, 4-5mm broad, glabrous, truncate to emarginate at apex. Flowers fertile. Pappus none. Achene 2mm long (in flower), flattened to 4-angled.
Disk flowers - Disk to 2.2cm broad and dome shaped when mature. Corolla 5-lobed, yellow. Tube to 3mm long, glabrous. Flowers fertile. Pappus none. Achene 2mm long (in flower), grayish-white, slightly 4-angled. Chaff of receptacle to 6mm long, flattened and scarious below in lower half, tapering to a terete-pointed yellow apex.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Waste ground, fields, moist woods, also cultivated.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This is just one of the genus Anthemis that is recognized as "Chamomile" that people like to grow and brew for tea and other uses. The plant is not that common in the wilds of Missouri but is cultivated fairly regularly. The stems of the plant begin to lean as the plant gets to tall.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +60cm tall, erect, herbaceous, annual, from a taproot, typically single from the base and simple in the basal 1/2-2/3. Lower stem appearing woody, 3-5mm in diameter, grayish-brown. Stems in inflorescence divaricate, glabrous, green, angled or grooved.
Leaves - Mostly absent at anthesis. Leaves of the inflorescence linear, sessile, with punctate dots (use lens to see) and minute serrulate teeth on the leaf margins (use lens to see), +/-1mm broad, to 6cm long.
Inflorescence - Many small flower heads terminating each branch of the inflorescence. Stems spreading to +/-50cm broad at anthesis in a "mound" shape. Each flower head subtended by linear bracts giving way to the involucre.
Involucre - +/-2-3mm broad, 2-3mm tall, essentially biseriate. Lower series with green phyllaries. Phyllaries glabrous, linear-lanceolate, +/-2mm long, 1mm broad, acute. Inner series of phyllaries yellow-green (translucent at the base), glabrous, +3mm long, 1.5-1.8mm broad at the apex, acute, with the apical 1/4 spreading outward.
Ray flowers - +/-8 per flower head, spreading, pistillate and fertile. Ligule yellow, 3-4mm long, 2mm broad, elliptic-oblong, glabrous, with 2 impressed veins above (expressed below). Corolla tube 1-1.5mm long, whitish, glabrous. Style slightly exserted and bifurcate, whitish, .5-.6mm long, glabrous. Stigmas 1mm long, yellow, glabrous. Pappus absent or a minute, translucent crown.
Disk flowers - Disk +/-3mm broad, with +/-15 flowers. Flowers staminate. Corolla tube translucent-yellow, glabrous, 3mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes spreading, yellow, acute, +/-.5mm long, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the corolla tube. Filaments translucent, .7mm long. Anthers yellow, connivent around the undivided style, 1mm long, partially exserted. Style +2mm long, translucent in the basal 2/3, with the apical 1/3 pubescent and yellowish and exserted. Receptacle flat, naked but with ridges around the flower bases. Pappus a translucent awned crown. Awns equaling or exceeding the corolla. Crown (undivided portion) short, .3-.5mm long.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Upland prairies, limestone and dolomite glades, bluff tops, riverbanks, fallow fields, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive little species can be found in the southwest corner of Missouri. Although it is not seen in the plant photo above, the plant nearly always grows from a single trunk-like base and then branches widely in the upper half (the whole plant being as wide or wider than tall). This species grows in profusion along roadsides in the Great Plains and is quite common there. It is far less abundant in Missouri.
A synonym is Gutierrezia dracunculoides (DC.) S.F. Blake
Stems - To +60cm tall, erect, herbaceous, annual, from a taproot, typically single from the base and simple in the basal 1/2-2/3. Lower stem appearing woody, 3-5mm in diameter, grayish-brown. Stems in inflorescence divaricate, glabrous, green, angled or grooved.
Leaves - Mostly absent at anthesis. Leaves of the inflorescence linear, sessile, with punctate dots (use lens to see) and minute serrulate teeth on the leaf margins (use lens to see), +/-1mm broad, to 6cm long.
Inflorescence - Many small flower heads terminating each branch of the inflorescence. Stems spreading to +/-50cm broad at anthesis in a "mound" shape. Each flower head subtended by linear bracts giving way to the involucre.
Involucre - +/-2-3mm broad, 2-3mm tall, essentially biseriate. Lower series with green phyllaries. Phyllaries glabrous, linear-lanceolate, +/-2mm long, 1mm broad, acute. Inner series of phyllaries yellow-green (translucent at the base), glabrous, +3mm long, 1.5-1.8mm broad at the apex, acute, with the apical 1/4 spreading outward.
Ray flowers - +/-8 per flower head, spreading, pistillate and fertile. Ligule yellow, 3-4mm long, 2mm broad, elliptic-oblong, glabrous, with 2 impressed veins above (expressed below). Corolla tube 1-1.5mm long, whitish, glabrous. Style slightly exserted and bifurcate, whitish, .5-.6mm long, glabrous. Stigmas 1mm long, yellow, glabrous. Pappus absent or a minute, translucent crown.
Disk flowers - Disk +/-3mm broad, with +/-15 flowers. Flowers staminate. Corolla tube translucent-yellow, glabrous, 3mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes spreading, yellow, acute, +/-.5mm long, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the corolla tube. Filaments translucent, .7mm long. Anthers yellow, connivent around the undivided style, 1mm long, partially exserted. Style +2mm long, translucent in the basal 2/3, with the apical 1/3 pubescent and yellowish and exserted. Receptacle flat, naked but with ridges around the flower bases. Pappus a translucent awned crown. Awns equaling or exceeding the corolla. Crown (undivided portion) short, .3-.5mm long.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Upland prairies, limestone and dolomite glades, bluff tops, riverbanks, fallow fields, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive little species can be found in the southwest corner of Missouri. Although it is not seen in the plant photo above, the plant nearly always grows from a single trunk-like base and then branches widely in the upper half (the whole plant being as wide or wider than tall). This species grows in profusion along roadsides in the Great Plains and is quite common there. It is far less abundant in Missouri.
A synonym is Gutierrezia dracunculoides (DC.) S.F. Blake
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Rosaceae
Stems - To .75m tall, erect, herbaceous, simple to branching above, from short rhizomes and fibrous roots, densely pubescent with short and long hairs (the longer hairs typically ascending).
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, pinnately divided, to +20cm long. Large leaflets oblanceolate to elliptic, coarse serrate, slightly scabrous above, pubescent below, to +/-7cm long, +/-4cm broad. Stipules foliaceous, serrate, to +/-2cm long, +/-1cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal spikiform racemes elongating in fruit to +30cm. Each flower subtended by small 3-lobed bract. Bracts and axis of inflorescence pubescent.
Flowers - Petals 5, yellow, 2.5-3mm long, -2mm broad, elliptic. Stamens 10. Filaments glabrous, pale yellow to white, 1.2mm long. Anthers orange, .6mm broad. Styles (and pistils) 2, protruding from center of nectar ring, glabrous, .9mm long. Ovary concealed in hypanthium. Hypanthium turbinate, pubescent, 10-nerved, 1.1mm long(in flower), with ring of uncinate bristles subtending corolla. Bristles to 1mm long. Sepals 5, spreading, acute, 1.5mm long, 1.1mm broad, glabrous or with a few hairs at apex. Fruit an achene within the hypanthium.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Dry rocky woods, ravines, floodbanks, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is one of the four species of Agrimonia that occur in Missouri. While fruiting, this little plant is likely to be overlooked in the field. The fruits, however, attach to all clothing and will certainly be noticed when you get home. They are a bit of a pain to pull from your apparel. The small flowers are actually quite easy to notice as they add a splash of light to the dark forest floor.
Stems - To .75m tall, erect, herbaceous, simple to branching above, from short rhizomes and fibrous roots, densely pubescent with short and long hairs (the longer hairs typically ascending).
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, pinnately divided, to +20cm long. Large leaflets oblanceolate to elliptic, coarse serrate, slightly scabrous above, pubescent below, to +/-7cm long, +/-4cm broad. Stipules foliaceous, serrate, to +/-2cm long, +/-1cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal spikiform racemes elongating in fruit to +30cm. Each flower subtended by small 3-lobed bract. Bracts and axis of inflorescence pubescent.
Flowers - Petals 5, yellow, 2.5-3mm long, -2mm broad, elliptic. Stamens 10. Filaments glabrous, pale yellow to white, 1.2mm long. Anthers orange, .6mm broad. Styles (and pistils) 2, protruding from center of nectar ring, glabrous, .9mm long. Ovary concealed in hypanthium. Hypanthium turbinate, pubescent, 10-nerved, 1.1mm long(in flower), with ring of uncinate bristles subtending corolla. Bristles to 1mm long. Sepals 5, spreading, acute, 1.5mm long, 1.1mm broad, glabrous or with a few hairs at apex. Fruit an achene within the hypanthium.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Dry rocky woods, ravines, floodbanks, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is one of the four species of Agrimonia that occur in Missouri. While fruiting, this little plant is likely to be overlooked in the field. The fruits, however, attach to all clothing and will certainly be noticed when you get home. They are a bit of a pain to pull from your apparel. The small flowers are actually quite easy to notice as they add a splash of light to the dark forest floor.
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