文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Apiaceae
Stems - Flowering stems to +/-25cm tall, branching or simple, single or multiple from the base, fragrant, carinate, villous to hirsute, herbaceous, erect, from a thick bulbous taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, 3-4 times pinnately divided. Petioles sheathing at base and often purplish at base. Entire leaf to -20cm long, 10-15cm broad, pilose. Primary divisions opposite, all other divisions alternate. Ultimate divisions linear to linear-oblanceolate, mucronate with a small whitish tip (use a lens to see), 3-4mm long, -1mm broad, with ciliate margins.
Inflorescence - Single terminal compound umbel per stem. Rays to 2cm long, densely pilose. Umbellets subtended by an involucre densely pilose bractlets. Bractlets linear-attenuate, to 4-5mm long, -1mm broad, +/-13 in number. Flowers +/-15 per umbellet. Pedicels to 2mm in flower, longer in fruit.
Flowers - Petals 5, yellow, glabrous, with an inflexed acuminate tip, 1.6-2mm long, .7mm broad. Stamens 5, spreading to erect. Filaments yellowish, +2mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .6mm long. Styles 2, erect, 2.5mm long, curled, yellowish, glabrous, surrounded by an inflated nectary at base. Ovary inferior, green, glabrous, 1.5mm long, 2-locular. Sepals 5, whitish-green, acuminate, to .7mm long, glabrous. Fruits to 4mm long, 2.5mm broad, ellipsoid, pubescent, 2-seeded.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, rocky open ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species is found in just a few counties in west-central Missouri. This species is easy to ID in the field. The fragrance and overall look of the plant (called gustalt by Doug Ladd), clearly place it in the Apiaceae. The big taproot is also a good indicator.
Stems - Flowering stems to +/-25cm tall, branching or simple, single or multiple from the base, fragrant, carinate, villous to hirsute, herbaceous, erect, from a thick bulbous taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, 3-4 times pinnately divided. Petioles sheathing at base and often purplish at base. Entire leaf to -20cm long, 10-15cm broad, pilose. Primary divisions opposite, all other divisions alternate. Ultimate divisions linear to linear-oblanceolate, mucronate with a small whitish tip (use a lens to see), 3-4mm long, -1mm broad, with ciliate margins.
Inflorescence - Single terminal compound umbel per stem. Rays to 2cm long, densely pilose. Umbellets subtended by an involucre densely pilose bractlets. Bractlets linear-attenuate, to 4-5mm long, -1mm broad, +/-13 in number. Flowers +/-15 per umbellet. Pedicels to 2mm in flower, longer in fruit.
Flowers - Petals 5, yellow, glabrous, with an inflexed acuminate tip, 1.6-2mm long, .7mm broad. Stamens 5, spreading to erect. Filaments yellowish, +2mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .6mm long. Styles 2, erect, 2.5mm long, curled, yellowish, glabrous, surrounded by an inflated nectary at base. Ovary inferior, green, glabrous, 1.5mm long, 2-locular. Sepals 5, whitish-green, acuminate, to .7mm long, glabrous. Fruits to 4mm long, 2.5mm broad, ellipsoid, pubescent, 2-seeded.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, rocky open ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species is found in just a few counties in west-central Missouri. This species is easy to ID in the field. The fragrance and overall look of the plant (called gustalt by Doug Ladd), clearly place it in the Apiaceae. The big taproot is also a good indicator.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Boraginaceae
Stems - To +30cm tall, multiple from base, branching above, herbaceous, hirsute, from thick taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, linear-oblong, to +5cm long, 1cm broad, entire, sessile, ciliate-margined, pubescent above and below, reduced above.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from leaf axils. Pedicels short, to 1.5mm long.
Flowers - Corolla salverform, orange, pubescent externally, glabrous internally, 5-lobed. Lobes 3.5mm long and broad, rounded. Expanded portion of corolla 1-1.5cm broad, 1.2cm long. Tube of corolla 7mm long, 2.5mm in diameter. Stamens 5, adnate to corolla tube near its base. Filaments very short. Anthers brown, 1mm long. Ovary 4-parted, glabrous. Style 1, filiform, 5-10mm long, often exserted. Sepals 5, barely connected at base, rounded to acute at the apex, 3-6mm long, 1mm broad, hirsute. Nutlets(ovaries) becoming very hard, shiny, and yellowish with maturity.
Flowering - March - June.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, rocky open ground, rocky woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The genus name of the plant means "stone-seeded" and the plant is appropriately named. The nutlets are very hard when mature and resemble small polished stones. Different flowers of the plant can actually have different sized styles (heterostylous), some shorter, some longer. The size I gave is a good average for the plants I have examined. This little plant is very common throughout most of the state and is quite striking.
The plant was used by natives as a leaf tea for fevers and seizures.
Stems - To +30cm tall, multiple from base, branching above, herbaceous, hirsute, from thick taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, linear-oblong, to +5cm long, 1cm broad, entire, sessile, ciliate-margined, pubescent above and below, reduced above.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from leaf axils. Pedicels short, to 1.5mm long.
Flowers - Corolla salverform, orange, pubescent externally, glabrous internally, 5-lobed. Lobes 3.5mm long and broad, rounded. Expanded portion of corolla 1-1.5cm broad, 1.2cm long. Tube of corolla 7mm long, 2.5mm in diameter. Stamens 5, adnate to corolla tube near its base. Filaments very short. Anthers brown, 1mm long. Ovary 4-parted, glabrous. Style 1, filiform, 5-10mm long, often exserted. Sepals 5, barely connected at base, rounded to acute at the apex, 3-6mm long, 1mm broad, hirsute. Nutlets(ovaries) becoming very hard, shiny, and yellowish with maturity.
Flowering - March - June.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, rocky open ground, rocky woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The genus name of the plant means "stone-seeded" and the plant is appropriately named. The nutlets are very hard when mature and resemble small polished stones. Different flowers of the plant can actually have different sized styles (heterostylous), some shorter, some longer. The size I gave is a good average for the plants I have examined. This little plant is very common throughout most of the state and is quite striking.
The plant was used by natives as a leaf tea for fevers and seizures.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Linaceae
Stems - To +/-60cm tall, erect, herbaceous, from a taproot, ribbed from decurrent leaf tissue, glabrous, glandular (use lens to see), mostly simple but branching near apex, purplish at base, single or multiple from base.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, linear-oblong, entire, acuminate, to 2cm long, +2mm broad, with single midrib, glabrous, glandular (use lens to see), with pair of opposing blackish glands at leaf base.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary loose panicles or racemes. Each flower subtended by a foliaceous bract. Bracts glandular-serrulate. Pedicels glabrous, 2-3mm in flower, slightly elongating in fruit to 4-5mm.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, +1cm broad, 7-8mm long. Petals 5, glabrous externally, pubescent near base internally, rounded at apex, with short basal retrorse lobes (lobes acute and triangular), connate basally for 1-2mm. Stamens 5, erect. Filaments scarious, compressed and united at base into short tube under the ovary, glabrous, 4mm long, slightly yellowish near the apex. Styles 5, 3mm long, united at base, glabrous, whitish-yellow. Ovary superior, green, 5-locular, (1-2 ovules per locule), glabrous, globose-ovoid, 1.5mm in diameter. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, scarious but with a green midrib, glandular-serrulate, glabrous, to 4mm long, 1.5mm broad, acuminate, persistent in fruit. Capsule globose, glabrous, 3mm in diameter, 5-valved, dehiscing into 5, 2-parted segments.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Glades, prairies, sometimes in open woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little plant is inconspicuous when not in flower but is still easy to identify because of the pair of opposing, blackish glands at the base of each leaf. The plant is common throughout most of Missouri except in the extreme southeastern and northwestern corners of the state.
Stems - To +/-60cm tall, erect, herbaceous, from a taproot, ribbed from decurrent leaf tissue, glabrous, glandular (use lens to see), mostly simple but branching near apex, purplish at base, single or multiple from base.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, linear-oblong, entire, acuminate, to 2cm long, +2mm broad, with single midrib, glabrous, glandular (use lens to see), with pair of opposing blackish glands at leaf base.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary loose panicles or racemes. Each flower subtended by a foliaceous bract. Bracts glandular-serrulate. Pedicels glabrous, 2-3mm in flower, slightly elongating in fruit to 4-5mm.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, +1cm broad, 7-8mm long. Petals 5, glabrous externally, pubescent near base internally, rounded at apex, with short basal retrorse lobes (lobes acute and triangular), connate basally for 1-2mm. Stamens 5, erect. Filaments scarious, compressed and united at base into short tube under the ovary, glabrous, 4mm long, slightly yellowish near the apex. Styles 5, 3mm long, united at base, glabrous, whitish-yellow. Ovary superior, green, 5-locular, (1-2 ovules per locule), glabrous, globose-ovoid, 1.5mm in diameter. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, scarious but with a green midrib, glandular-serrulate, glabrous, to 4mm long, 1.5mm broad, acuminate, persistent in fruit. Capsule globose, glabrous, 3mm in diameter, 5-valved, dehiscing into 5, 2-parted segments.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Glades, prairies, sometimes in open woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little plant is inconspicuous when not in flower but is still easy to identify because of the pair of opposing, blackish glands at the base of each leaf. The plant is common throughout most of Missouri except in the extreme southeastern and northwestern corners of the state.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Lauraceae
Stems - Stems to 5m tall, multiple from the base. Twigs glabrous, olive-brown, with small lenticels.
Inflorescence - Staminate flowers in a few-flowered (4-8) fascicle, emerging with the new leaves. Pedicels glabrous, to 3mm long (slightly longer in fruit).
Flowers - Petals absent. Sepals 6, greenish-yellow to scarious-yellow, 2.3mm long, 1.5mm broad, glabrous, rounded at the apex, oblong-obovate. Stamens 9 (in staminate flowers), alternating with smaller capitate staminodes. Filaments glabrous, to 1.8mm long. All floral organs united at the base. Reduced ovary in staminate flowers to -1mm long. Drupe bright red, ovoid, to 1cm long, 5mm broad.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Low moist woods, bottoms, thickets along streams, base of bluffs, seeps along wooded slopes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This shrubby species is easy to identify in the field because of its habitat and its pleasant fragrance. When crushed, the leaves give off a lemon scent that is reminiscent of "Pledge" furniture polish. The small flowers of the plant are some of the first to be seen in the spring. They are short lived and the plant is typically seen with just leaves or in fruit. This is a dioeceous species, meaning plants will have either male or female flowers. Staminate plants typically have many more flowers than pistillate plants.
Natives used a tea made from all parts of the plant to treat ailments such as coughs, cramps, measels, and anemia. Oil from the fruits was applied to bruises. A tea made from the bark was used to expel parasitic worms. The tea is quite good, if a sweetener is added. (give me a break, I'm from the south)
A similar species, L. melissaefolium (Walt.) Blume, is extremely rare in Missouri and is endangered in North America. This latter species occurs in just one southern Missouri County (Ripley). L. melissaefolium has larger fruits than L. benzoin and more rhombic leaves. The leaves are shown below:
Stems - Stems to 5m tall, multiple from the base. Twigs glabrous, olive-brown, with small lenticels.
Inflorescence - Staminate flowers in a few-flowered (4-8) fascicle, emerging with the new leaves. Pedicels glabrous, to 3mm long (slightly longer in fruit).
Flowers - Petals absent. Sepals 6, greenish-yellow to scarious-yellow, 2.3mm long, 1.5mm broad, glabrous, rounded at the apex, oblong-obovate. Stamens 9 (in staminate flowers), alternating with smaller capitate staminodes. Filaments glabrous, to 1.8mm long. All floral organs united at the base. Reduced ovary in staminate flowers to -1mm long. Drupe bright red, ovoid, to 1cm long, 5mm broad.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Low moist woods, bottoms, thickets along streams, base of bluffs, seeps along wooded slopes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This shrubby species is easy to identify in the field because of its habitat and its pleasant fragrance. When crushed, the leaves give off a lemon scent that is reminiscent of "Pledge" furniture polish. The small flowers of the plant are some of the first to be seen in the spring. They are short lived and the plant is typically seen with just leaves or in fruit. This is a dioeceous species, meaning plants will have either male or female flowers. Staminate plants typically have many more flowers than pistillate plants.
Natives used a tea made from all parts of the plant to treat ailments such as coughs, cramps, measels, and anemia. Oil from the fruits was applied to bruises. A tea made from the bark was used to expel parasitic worms. The tea is quite good, if a sweetener is added. (give me a break, I'm from the south)
A similar species, L. melissaefolium (Walt.) Blume, is extremely rare in Missouri and is endangered in North America. This latter species occurs in just one southern Missouri County (Ripley). L. melissaefolium has larger fruits than L. benzoin and more rhombic leaves. The leaves are shown below:
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +2m tall, erect, single from the base, glabrous above, typically hispid near the base, glaucous or not, with pure white milky sap, herbaceous, from a taproot, fistulose, typically simple except in the inflorescence.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, lobed or not, to +/-15cm long, 7cm broad, with a distinct white midrib, glabrous, glaucous, auriculate, clasping. Margins spinulose. Midrib with spines abaxially. Sinuses of lobes rounded. Lobes typically retrorse. Terminal lobe larger than the lateral lobes, acute. Entire leaves typically oblong.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary paniculate clusters of multiple flower heads. Inflorescence to +/-45cm long (tall). Axis of inflorescence glabrous. Each division of inflorescence subtended by a clasping bract.
Involucre - To 9mm tall, 2-3mm in diameter. Phyllaries imbricate, unequal, innermost the longest, subulate, to 8mm long, green to reddish in strong sun, glabrous except for a minute tuft of white hairs at the apex (sometimes), with thin scarious margins.
Ray flowers - Flowers +/-12 per head, fertile. Ligule yellow, 5-notched at the apex, glabrous, 7-8mm long, 2mm broad. Corolla tube whitish, 4mm long, glabrous but with a ring of hairs at the apex. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, glabrous, 1.5mm long, pale yellow. Anthers yellow, connate around the style, -1.2mm long, exserted. Style exserted beyond the anthers, pubescent in the apical 1/3, pale yellow, bifurcate. Pappus of many capillary bristles, to 5mm long. Achene in flower beaked, slightly compressed, ovoid, -1mm long. Achene dark brown to black in fruit, beaked, to 4mm long. Beak 4mm long.
Disk flowers - Absent.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Waste ground, fields, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This weedy species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is easy to identify because of its pure white sap, prickly leaves, and yellow flowers.
Two varieties occur in Missouri. Variety integrifolia (Bogenh.) G. Beck has leaves which are entirely unlobed. Variety scariola has leaves which are pinnately lobed. This latter variety is more common in Missouri.
The leaves of this species are edible and quite good. Natives used a tea made from the leaves to stimulate milk flow and as a diuretic. The sap of the plant can be irritating.
A synonym is L. serriola L.
Stems - To +2m tall, erect, single from the base, glabrous above, typically hispid near the base, glaucous or not, with pure white milky sap, herbaceous, from a taproot, fistulose, typically simple except in the inflorescence.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, lobed or not, to +/-15cm long, 7cm broad, with a distinct white midrib, glabrous, glaucous, auriculate, clasping. Margins spinulose. Midrib with spines abaxially. Sinuses of lobes rounded. Lobes typically retrorse. Terminal lobe larger than the lateral lobes, acute. Entire leaves typically oblong.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary paniculate clusters of multiple flower heads. Inflorescence to +/-45cm long (tall). Axis of inflorescence glabrous. Each division of inflorescence subtended by a clasping bract.
Involucre - To 9mm tall, 2-3mm in diameter. Phyllaries imbricate, unequal, innermost the longest, subulate, to 8mm long, green to reddish in strong sun, glabrous except for a minute tuft of white hairs at the apex (sometimes), with thin scarious margins.
Ray flowers - Flowers +/-12 per head, fertile. Ligule yellow, 5-notched at the apex, glabrous, 7-8mm long, 2mm broad. Corolla tube whitish, 4mm long, glabrous but with a ring of hairs at the apex. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, glabrous, 1.5mm long, pale yellow. Anthers yellow, connate around the style, -1.2mm long, exserted. Style exserted beyond the anthers, pubescent in the apical 1/3, pale yellow, bifurcate. Pappus of many capillary bristles, to 5mm long. Achene in flower beaked, slightly compressed, ovoid, -1mm long. Achene dark brown to black in fruit, beaked, to 4mm long. Beak 4mm long.
Disk flowers - Absent.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Waste ground, fields, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This weedy species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is easy to identify because of its pure white sap, prickly leaves, and yellow flowers.
Two varieties occur in Missouri. Variety integrifolia (Bogenh.) G. Beck has leaves which are entirely unlobed. Variety scariola has leaves which are pinnately lobed. This latter variety is more common in Missouri.
The leaves of this species are edible and quite good. Natives used a tea made from the leaves to stimulate milk flow and as a diuretic. The sap of the plant can be irritating.
A synonym is L. serriola L.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Scapes to +15cm tall, glabrous or with glandular pubescence, terete, +/-1.2mm in diameter, multiple from base, from fibrous roots, with much milky sap.
Leaves - Nearly all basal, +/-8cm long, +1cm broad, spatulate to oblanceolate, coarsely toothed to pinnately lobed or entire, glabrous or with glandular pubescence.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating each scape.
Involucre - 6-8mm tall, 4-5mm broad. Phyllaries glabrous or with very sparse glandular pubescence externally, glabrous internally, in essentially two series, linear to subulate, 5mm long, to 1.5mm broad. The inner phyllaries with scarious margins at least in the basal 2/3.
Ray flowers - Ligules yellow-orange, to 7-8mm long, 1-2mm broad, glabrous, 4-5-notched at the apex. Achenes chocolate-brown at maturity, -2mm long, with 15 ribs, retrorse strigillose. Pappus of 5 barbellate bristles to 4mm long and 5 erose scales to -1mm long.
Flowering - April - August.
Habitat - Prairies, meadows, rocky or sandy open ground, glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found mainly in the southern half of Missouri. This species can easily be grown from seed and would look good in a cultivated rock garden. It is an annual plant.
The plant can be identified in the field because of its small size, bright yellowish-orange flowers, and coarsely toothed leaves.
K. virginica can be confused with a similar species, K. dandelion (L.) Nutt., but the latter has larger flower heads, more bristles and scales making up the pappus, and potato-like tubers on the roots. K. dandelion is a perennial plant. K. occidentalis Nutt. is also similar but occurs in only a handful of southeast Missouri counties. This species differs from K. virginica in having only 5-8 phyllaries per flower head that remain erect in fruit.
Stems - Scapes to +15cm tall, glabrous or with glandular pubescence, terete, +/-1.2mm in diameter, multiple from base, from fibrous roots, with much milky sap.
Leaves - Nearly all basal, +/-8cm long, +1cm broad, spatulate to oblanceolate, coarsely toothed to pinnately lobed or entire, glabrous or with glandular pubescence.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating each scape.
Involucre - 6-8mm tall, 4-5mm broad. Phyllaries glabrous or with very sparse glandular pubescence externally, glabrous internally, in essentially two series, linear to subulate, 5mm long, to 1.5mm broad. The inner phyllaries with scarious margins at least in the basal 2/3.
Ray flowers - Ligules yellow-orange, to 7-8mm long, 1-2mm broad, glabrous, 4-5-notched at the apex. Achenes chocolate-brown at maturity, -2mm long, with 15 ribs, retrorse strigillose. Pappus of 5 barbellate bristles to 4mm long and 5 erose scales to -1mm long.
Flowering - April - August.
Habitat - Prairies, meadows, rocky or sandy open ground, glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found mainly in the southern half of Missouri. This species can easily be grown from seed and would look good in a cultivated rock garden. It is an annual plant.
The plant can be identified in the field because of its small size, bright yellowish-orange flowers, and coarsely toothed leaves.
K. virginica can be confused with a similar species, K. dandelion (L.) Nutt., but the latter has larger flower heads, more bristles and scales making up the pappus, and potato-like tubers on the roots. K. dandelion is a perennial plant. K. occidentalis Nutt. is also similar but occurs in only a handful of southeast Missouri counties. This species differs from K. virginica in having only 5-8 phyllaries per flower head that remain erect in fruit.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Flowering scapes to +/-35cm long (tall), terete, hollow, 2-3mm in diameter, striate-nerved, glabrous except at the apex below the involucre, simple, typically 1-2 per plant but can be many more. Hairs of the scapes below the involucre glandular (the glands at the tips of the hairs are purple). Roots of the plant long and fibrous, with large nodular growths. All parts of the plant with milky sap.
Leaves - In a basal rosette, entire to coarsely (2-6) dentate, acute, linear-oblong, bluish-green, often glaucous, glabrous except at the very base (adaxially), to +/-15cm long, +/-1.5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single flowerhead terminating the flowering scape.
Involucre - Involucre to 1.5cm long, uniseriate. Phyllaries distinct, linear, -1.5cm long, 2mm broad, bluish-green, glabrous.
Ray flowers - Fertile. Corolla tube to 6mm long, whitish, glabrous to sparse pillose. Ligule yellow-orange, to +1.5cm long, +2.5mm broad, sparse pilose externally, glabrous internally, 5-toothed at the apex. Stamens adnate at the apex of the corolla tube. Filaments short, to 1mm long, glabrous. Anthers connate around the style, +/-5mm long, yellow-orange. Style exserted beyond the anthers, antrorsely barbellate, typically undivided. Pappus in two series (biseriate). Outer series of +/-10 short lanceolate scales to -1mm long. Inner series of +/-20 capillary bristles to -1cm long. The bristles barbellate. Achenes with +/-15 ribs, mostly glabrous except on the angles where they are antrorse strigose, +/-3mm long at maturity, brownish-black at maturity. Receptacle flat, naked.
Disk flowers - Absent.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, bluffs, sandy fields, open woods, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This handsome species can be found in the Ozark region of Missouri. It can be identified by its large yellow-orange flowerheads, basal leaves, milky sap, and large root nodules. Another species, K. virginica is similar but lacks the root nodules and has much smaller flowerheads. Both species can grow side by side.
Stems - Flowering scapes to +/-35cm long (tall), terete, hollow, 2-3mm in diameter, striate-nerved, glabrous except at the apex below the involucre, simple, typically 1-2 per plant but can be many more. Hairs of the scapes below the involucre glandular (the glands at the tips of the hairs are purple). Roots of the plant long and fibrous, with large nodular growths. All parts of the plant with milky sap.
Leaves - In a basal rosette, entire to coarsely (2-6) dentate, acute, linear-oblong, bluish-green, often glaucous, glabrous except at the very base (adaxially), to +/-15cm long, +/-1.5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single flowerhead terminating the flowering scape.
Involucre - Involucre to 1.5cm long, uniseriate. Phyllaries distinct, linear, -1.5cm long, 2mm broad, bluish-green, glabrous.
Ray flowers - Fertile. Corolla tube to 6mm long, whitish, glabrous to sparse pillose. Ligule yellow-orange, to +1.5cm long, +2.5mm broad, sparse pilose externally, glabrous internally, 5-toothed at the apex. Stamens adnate at the apex of the corolla tube. Filaments short, to 1mm long, glabrous. Anthers connate around the style, +/-5mm long, yellow-orange. Style exserted beyond the anthers, antrorsely barbellate, typically undivided. Pappus in two series (biseriate). Outer series of +/-10 short lanceolate scales to -1mm long. Inner series of +/-20 capillary bristles to -1cm long. The bristles barbellate. Achenes with +/-15 ribs, mostly glabrous except on the angles where they are antrorse strigose, +/-3mm long at maturity, brownish-black at maturity. Receptacle flat, naked.
Disk flowers - Absent.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, bluffs, sandy fields, open woods, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This handsome species can be found in the Ozark region of Missouri. It can be identified by its large yellow-orange flowerheads, basal leaves, milky sap, and large root nodules. Another species, K. virginica is similar but lacks the root nodules and has much smaller flowerheads. Both species can grow side by side.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Multiple from the base, from slightly thickened roots, branching, herbaceous, erect to ascending, mostly glabrous or with a few glandular hairs near the base of the stem leaves and in the internodes, glaucous, terete or slightly ridged from decurrent leaf midrib tissue, to +15cm tall, with white milky sap.
Leaves - Cauline leaves mainly opposite to sub-opposite, sessile, linear-spatulate, entire or with a few coarse-shallow teeth, light bluish-green, acute, glabrous, to +5cm long, +1cm broad. Upper leaves shorter and more broad than the lower.
Inflorescence - Single flower heads terminating long peduncles in an umbel-like arrangement from the upper leaf axils. Peduncles to -5cm long, glabrous below, with glandular hairs at the apex below the involucre.
Involucre - Involucre to 5mm long, 6mm broad (in fruit), smaller in flower, cupulate. Phyllaries +/-8, uniseriate, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, 5mm long, to +2mm broad, acute, the tips slightly spreading (in fruit).
Ray flowers - Flowers +/-25 per head, yellow to yellow-orange, fertile. Achenes brown in fruit, 1.5mm long, .5-.8mm broad, ribbed and rugose (under magnification), glabrous. Receptacle naked, dome-shaped.
Disk flowers - Absent.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Low moist fallow fields, sandy open alluvial ground, glades, meadows, lawns, prairies, upland sterile slopes and ridges, pastures, ditches, sloughs, ponds, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found mainly in the southern half of the state. The plant can be easily identified by its sub-opposite leaves, milky sap, yellow-orange ray flowers, and glaucous stems.
Synonyms for this species are Krigia oppositifolia Raf. and Serenia oppositifolia (Raf.) Ktze.
Stems - Multiple from the base, from slightly thickened roots, branching, herbaceous, erect to ascending, mostly glabrous or with a few glandular hairs near the base of the stem leaves and in the internodes, glaucous, terete or slightly ridged from decurrent leaf midrib tissue, to +15cm tall, with white milky sap.
Leaves - Cauline leaves mainly opposite to sub-opposite, sessile, linear-spatulate, entire or with a few coarse-shallow teeth, light bluish-green, acute, glabrous, to +5cm long, +1cm broad. Upper leaves shorter and more broad than the lower.
Inflorescence - Single flower heads terminating long peduncles in an umbel-like arrangement from the upper leaf axils. Peduncles to -5cm long, glabrous below, with glandular hairs at the apex below the involucre.
Involucre - Involucre to 5mm long, 6mm broad (in fruit), smaller in flower, cupulate. Phyllaries +/-8, uniseriate, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, 5mm long, to +2mm broad, acute, the tips slightly spreading (in fruit).
Ray flowers - Flowers +/-25 per head, yellow to yellow-orange, fertile. Achenes brown in fruit, 1.5mm long, .5-.8mm broad, ribbed and rugose (under magnification), glabrous. Receptacle naked, dome-shaped.
Disk flowers - Absent.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Low moist fallow fields, sandy open alluvial ground, glades, meadows, lawns, prairies, upland sterile slopes and ridges, pastures, ditches, sloughs, ponds, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found mainly in the southern half of the state. The plant can be easily identified by its sub-opposite leaves, milky sap, yellow-orange ray flowers, and glaucous stems.
Synonyms for this species are Krigia oppositifolia Raf. and Serenia oppositifolia (Raf.) Ktze.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To 30cm tall, simple, from fibrous roots, glabrous, herbaceous, with milky sap.
Leaves - Mostly basal with typically one leaf on stem at base of lower peduncle. Basal leaves to +10cm long, +3cm broad, tissue abruptly contracted and then long cuneate to base, glabrous, shallowly lobed or not, with sparse shallow teeth or entire. Cauline leaf sessile, clasping, ovate, acute, to 3cm long, 2cm broad, glabrous, glaucous, entire.
Inflorescence - 1-3 flower heads terminating stem.
Involucre - In one or two series, 9mm tall (long), 7-8mm in diameter. Phyllaries 8-9mm long, 1.5mm broad, linear, glabrous, glaucous, greenish with lighter margins. Peduncles to +6cm long.
Ray flowers - Entire flower head +/-2.5cm broad. Ligules yellow-orange, to 1.4cm long, 2-3mm broad, glabrous, notched at apex. Pappus in two series - Inner series of plumose bristles to 6mm long - Outer series of short scales to .5mm long. Achenes glabrous, terete.
Disk flowers - Absent.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, thickets, prairies, near streams, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is one of the easier members of the Asteraceae to identify because of its flowering habit. The few large flowers are clustered at the tip of the stems and the peduncles subtended by the single cauline leaf. There are no disk flowers present. The stems can vary somewhat from glabrous to glandular.
Stems - To 30cm tall, simple, from fibrous roots, glabrous, herbaceous, with milky sap.
Leaves - Mostly basal with typically one leaf on stem at base of lower peduncle. Basal leaves to +10cm long, +3cm broad, tissue abruptly contracted and then long cuneate to base, glabrous, shallowly lobed or not, with sparse shallow teeth or entire. Cauline leaf sessile, clasping, ovate, acute, to 3cm long, 2cm broad, glabrous, glaucous, entire.
Inflorescence - 1-3 flower heads terminating stem.
Involucre - In one or two series, 9mm tall (long), 7-8mm in diameter. Phyllaries 8-9mm long, 1.5mm broad, linear, glabrous, glaucous, greenish with lighter margins. Peduncles to +6cm long.
Ray flowers - Entire flower head +/-2.5cm broad. Ligules yellow-orange, to 1.4cm long, 2-3mm broad, glabrous, notched at apex. Pappus in two series - Inner series of plumose bristles to 6mm long - Outer series of short scales to .5mm long. Achenes glabrous, terete.
Disk flowers - Absent.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, thickets, prairies, near streams, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is one of the easier members of the Asteraceae to identify because of its flowering habit. The few large flowers are clustered at the tip of the stems and the peduncles subtended by the single cauline leaf. There are no disk flowers present. The stems can vary somewhat from glabrous to glandular.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - Aerial stems (scapes) to +1m tall, erect, herbaceous, glabrous, glaucous, simple, single from base, hollow to subhollow, from thickened root crown.
Leaves - In basal rosette, linear, grasslike, to +40cm long, 2cm broad, partially folded, either entire or with minute, sharp teeth along the margins, glabrous, glaucous.
Inflorescence - Dense indeterminate spikiform raceme to 20cm tall. Pedicels to 2mm long. Flowers drooping.
Flowers - Perianth yellow to orange-red or all red, tubular, 6-lobed, glabrous. Tube to +2.5cm long. Lobes 2-3mm long, rounded to acute. Stamens 6 (sometimes 4), slightly exserted or included. Filaments to 2.5cm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 2mm long and broad. Style 2.7cm long, whitish, glabrous. Ovary superior, glabrous, 3-4mm long, 3-locular. Placentation axile. Fruit dehiscent by 6 valves, many seeded.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to southern Africa.
Other info. - The genus Kniphofia is popular in cultivation. Many different varieties of each species are grown. If you wish to see more of the varieties, do a search on the web, you'll find plenty of sites which discuss the genus.
These plants can form large clumps over time.
Stems - Aerial stems (scapes) to +1m tall, erect, herbaceous, glabrous, glaucous, simple, single from base, hollow to subhollow, from thickened root crown.
Leaves - In basal rosette, linear, grasslike, to +40cm long, 2cm broad, partially folded, either entire or with minute, sharp teeth along the margins, glabrous, glaucous.
Inflorescence - Dense indeterminate spikiform raceme to 20cm tall. Pedicels to 2mm long. Flowers drooping.
Flowers - Perianth yellow to orange-red or all red, tubular, 6-lobed, glabrous. Tube to +2.5cm long. Lobes 2-3mm long, rounded to acute. Stamens 6 (sometimes 4), slightly exserted or included. Filaments to 2.5cm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 2mm long and broad. Style 2.7cm long, whitish, glabrous. Ovary superior, glabrous, 3-4mm long, 3-locular. Placentation axile. Fruit dehiscent by 6 valves, many seeded.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to southern Africa.
Other info. - The genus Kniphofia is popular in cultivation. Many different varieties of each species are grown. If you wish to see more of the varieties, do a search on the web, you'll find plenty of sites which discuss the genus.
These plants can form large clumps over time.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Onagraceae
Stems - With various growth patterns from erect to repent, on land or floating, herbaceous, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, often reddish, from fibrous roots, to +50cm long.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, glabrous, oblong to elliptic, tapering to base, acute at apex, entire, to +/-12cm long (with petiole), +2cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers on long peduncles. Peduncles to +/-6cm in flower, elongating in fruit, glabrous or very sparse pilose pubescence, erect, with two sub-opposite bracts.
Flowers - Floral tube to 1.2cm in flower, 5-angled, tube subtended by two green scalelike bracts. Petals 5, free, yellow, 1.7cm long, 1.2cm broad, glabrous. Style 6-7mm long, glabrous. Stigma flattened, 3mm broad. Stamens 10. Filaments to 4.5mm long, glabrous, pale yellow. Anthers yellow, 2.1mm long. Ovary inferior, many seeded. Sepals 5, lanceolate, 1cm long, 3mm broad, acute, glabrous. Capsule (fruit) to -4cm long, +/-4mm in diameter, glabrous or with sparse pubescence. Seeds many.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Shallow still water, muddy soil, pond margins.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout much of MIssouri but is mostly absent in the northern 1/4 of the state and also in the central Ozark region. The petals of this plant, and most of the plants related to it, fall off very easily. In still areas the plant can be quite showy when in full flower. In windy or high traffic areas the flowers may hold their petals only a short time.
If the plant is rooted in wet soil it can creep over dry ground for a good distance. The stems are "spongy" internally and easily broken.
The most modern synonym for this species is Ludwigia peploides (H.B.K.) Raven. Jussiaea diffusa Forsk., and Ludwigia ascendens (L.) Hara are older synonyms.
Stems - With various growth patterns from erect to repent, on land or floating, herbaceous, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, often reddish, from fibrous roots, to +50cm long.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, glabrous, oblong to elliptic, tapering to base, acute at apex, entire, to +/-12cm long (with petiole), +2cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers on long peduncles. Peduncles to +/-6cm in flower, elongating in fruit, glabrous or very sparse pilose pubescence, erect, with two sub-opposite bracts.
Flowers - Floral tube to 1.2cm in flower, 5-angled, tube subtended by two green scalelike bracts. Petals 5, free, yellow, 1.7cm long, 1.2cm broad, glabrous. Style 6-7mm long, glabrous. Stigma flattened, 3mm broad. Stamens 10. Filaments to 4.5mm long, glabrous, pale yellow. Anthers yellow, 2.1mm long. Ovary inferior, many seeded. Sepals 5, lanceolate, 1cm long, 3mm broad, acute, glabrous. Capsule (fruit) to -4cm long, +/-4mm in diameter, glabrous or with sparse pubescence. Seeds many.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Shallow still water, muddy soil, pond margins.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout much of MIssouri but is mostly absent in the northern 1/4 of the state and also in the central Ozark region. The petals of this plant, and most of the plants related to it, fall off very easily. In still areas the plant can be quite showy when in full flower. In windy or high traffic areas the flowers may hold their petals only a short time.
If the plant is rooted in wet soil it can creep over dry ground for a good distance. The stems are "spongy" internally and easily broken.
The most modern synonym for this species is Ludwigia peploides (H.B.K.) Raven. Jussiaea diffusa Forsk., and Ludwigia ascendens (L.) Hara are older synonyms.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Amaryllidaceae
Stems - Flowering stems to +10cm tall, herbaceous, typically hirsute but sometimes less so, +/-1mm in diameter, from a corm.
Leaves - Basal, linear, to +15cm long, +3mm broad, pubescent.
Inflorescence - 1-6 flowers terminating the aerial stems, in a crude umbel. Pedicels to +2cm long, pubescent, sometimes subtended by small linear bracts.
Flowers - Tepals 6, spreading, entire, -1cm long, 2-3mm broad, oblong, glabrous internally. Outer tepals pubescent and greenish-yellow externally. Stamens 6, adnate at apex of ovary. Filaments glabrous, 2-3mm long. Anthers orange, 2.1mm long, sagittate. Style 1.5mm long, glabrous. Ovary inferior, 3-locular. Ovules tuberculate, keeled.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, bluffs, dry woods, fields.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species is common in Missouri and easily seen growing in fields even though it is quite small. The small yellow flowers open in the morning and typically wilt in hot sun. The amount of pubescence on this species can be variable.
Stems - Flowering stems to +10cm tall, herbaceous, typically hirsute but sometimes less so, +/-1mm in diameter, from a corm.
Leaves - Basal, linear, to +15cm long, +3mm broad, pubescent.
Inflorescence - 1-6 flowers terminating the aerial stems, in a crude umbel. Pedicels to +2cm long, pubescent, sometimes subtended by small linear bracts.
Flowers - Tepals 6, spreading, entire, -1cm long, 2-3mm broad, oblong, glabrous internally. Outer tepals pubescent and greenish-yellow externally. Stamens 6, adnate at apex of ovary. Filaments glabrous, 2-3mm long. Anthers orange, 2.1mm long, sagittate. Style 1.5mm long, glabrous. Ovary inferior, 3-locular. Ovules tuberculate, keeled.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, bluffs, dry woods, fields.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species is common in Missouri and easily seen growing in fields even though it is quite small. The small yellow flowers open in the morning and typically wilt in hot sun. The amount of pubescence on this species can be variable.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To 60cm tall, simple, from fibrous roots, with milky sap, pubescent (pubescence consists of stellate, strigose, papillose-hispid, and appressed hairs). Hairs often purplish at base.
Leaves - Mostly basal but one or two on very lowest portion of erect stem. Blades typically entire, rounded to acute at apex, oblanceolate to obovate or spatulate, pubescent with pubescence as stem, 9-10cm long, +2.6cm broad.
Inflorescence - Cylindric paniculate or racemose arrangement of flower heads. Pubescence of inflorescence glandular and often purplish.
Involucre - 1cm long(tall), 3-4mm in diameter. Phyllaries with purple glandular pubescence on midveins. Outer series of phyllaries small. Inner phyllaries to 8.1mm long, linear, 1-1.5mm broad, glabrous internally, with scarious margins.
Ray flowers - Ligules yellow, to 1.2cm long, 1.5-2mm broad, 5-6 toothed at apex. Style yellow, bifurcate, to +/-1cm long. Pappus of capillary bristles. Achenes to 4mm long.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Dry woods, rocky soil, bluffs, glades, thickets, fields.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is distinctive and tough to miss in the wild. The scabrous leaves and long inflorescence make it easy to ID. The amount and type of pubescence can vary greatly from plant to plant and the plants I have found in New England and North Carolina were much less pubescent than those I've found here in Missouri. This species produces a fair portion of milky sap if injured.
Stems - To 60cm tall, simple, from fibrous roots, with milky sap, pubescent (pubescence consists of stellate, strigose, papillose-hispid, and appressed hairs). Hairs often purplish at base.
Leaves - Mostly basal but one or two on very lowest portion of erect stem. Blades typically entire, rounded to acute at apex, oblanceolate to obovate or spatulate, pubescent with pubescence as stem, 9-10cm long, +2.6cm broad.
Inflorescence - Cylindric paniculate or racemose arrangement of flower heads. Pubescence of inflorescence glandular and often purplish.
Involucre - 1cm long(tall), 3-4mm in diameter. Phyllaries with purple glandular pubescence on midveins. Outer series of phyllaries small. Inner phyllaries to 8.1mm long, linear, 1-1.5mm broad, glabrous internally, with scarious margins.
Ray flowers - Ligules yellow, to 1.2cm long, 1.5-2mm broad, 5-6 toothed at apex. Style yellow, bifurcate, to +/-1cm long. Pappus of capillary bristles. Achenes to 4mm long.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Dry woods, rocky soil, bluffs, glades, thickets, fields.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is distinctive and tough to miss in the wild. The scabrous leaves and long inflorescence make it easy to ID. The amount and type of pubescence can vary greatly from plant to plant and the plants I have found in New England and North Carolina were much less pubescent than those I've found here in Missouri. This species produces a fair portion of milky sap if injured.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +1.5m tall, erect to ascending, multiple from base, herbaceous, from taproot, branching, scabrous to viscid, hirsute, glandular, reddish.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile(the lowest sometimes petiolate), auriculate-clasping, viscid, glandular, hirsute, fragrant, serrate-dentate(teeth mucronate), undulate, to 5cm long, 3cm broad, acute, dense on stem. Lower leaves with two small lateral lobes at base. Upper leaves simple.
Inflorescence - Single flower heads terminating branches.
Involucre - Cylindrical, to +8mm tall, 1cm in diameter. Phyllaries viscid, sparse pubescent externally, glabrous internally, imbricate, linear, the longest to 7mm long, 1mm broad. Margins scarious. Sometimes with reddish tip.
Ray flowers - Flowers fertile. Corolla tube pubescent. Ligule yellow, 1.4cm long, 2.1mm broad, glabrous. Achene (in flower) white, thickened, 2mm long, somewhat triangular, mostly glabrous. Pappus absent.
Disk flowers - Disk to 1cm broad. Corolla yellow, 5-lobed, glabrous, to 4.5mm long. Lobes acute, -1mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube, included. Anthers yellow, 2.2mm long, connate around style. Style bifurcate, slightly exserted. Achenes dense pubescent, 2mm long, white, weakly 4-angled. Pappus in two series. Outer series of short scales. Inner series of capillary bristles. Receptacle flat.
Flowering - August - November.
Habitat - Loess hills, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found mainly in the southeast corner of the state but is also present in a few more scattered counties. This is a fairly easy plant to ID in the field. The glandular hirsute stems and leaves plus the cylindric involucres are good characteristics for a positive ID. The leaves are also fragrant. Many taxonomists disagree about the nomenclature of the plant but let's not worry about that here.
Stems - To +1.5m tall, erect to ascending, multiple from base, herbaceous, from taproot, branching, scabrous to viscid, hirsute, glandular, reddish.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile(the lowest sometimes petiolate), auriculate-clasping, viscid, glandular, hirsute, fragrant, serrate-dentate(teeth mucronate), undulate, to 5cm long, 3cm broad, acute, dense on stem. Lower leaves with two small lateral lobes at base. Upper leaves simple.
Inflorescence - Single flower heads terminating branches.
Involucre - Cylindrical, to +8mm tall, 1cm in diameter. Phyllaries viscid, sparse pubescent externally, glabrous internally, imbricate, linear, the longest to 7mm long, 1mm broad. Margins scarious. Sometimes with reddish tip.
Ray flowers - Flowers fertile. Corolla tube pubescent. Ligule yellow, 1.4cm long, 2.1mm broad, glabrous. Achene (in flower) white, thickened, 2mm long, somewhat triangular, mostly glabrous. Pappus absent.
Disk flowers - Disk to 1cm broad. Corolla yellow, 5-lobed, glabrous, to 4.5mm long. Lobes acute, -1mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube, included. Anthers yellow, 2.2mm long, connate around style. Style bifurcate, slightly exserted. Achenes dense pubescent, 2mm long, white, weakly 4-angled. Pappus in two series. Outer series of short scales. Inner series of capillary bristles. Receptacle flat.
Flowering - August - November.
Habitat - Loess hills, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found mainly in the southeast corner of the state but is also present in a few more scattered counties. This is a fairly easy plant to ID in the field. The glandular hirsute stems and leaves plus the cylindric involucres are good characteristics for a positive ID. The leaves are also fragrant. Many taxonomists disagree about the nomenclature of the plant but let's not worry about that here.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Erect, typically simple until the inflorescence, terete, herbaceous, to +2m tall, typically 4-7mm broad at the base, glaucous, from elongate horizontal rhizomes and forming large colonies.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, dense in the middle of the stem, spread apart more in the apical 1/3 of the plant, typically dried and deciduous in the basal 1/3 of the plant at anthesis, thin, glabrous, typically conduplicate, to +10cm long, 1-3mm broad, falcate.
Inflorescence - Open, corymbose arrangement of flower heads on long peduncles. Peduncles glabrous, with a few reduced bracts, 5-20cm long.
Involucre - +1cm broad and tall, of imbricate phyllaries. Phyllaries long attenuate, 1-1.5cm long, 2-3mm broad at the base, mostly glabrous but with spreading hairs at the base and appressed hairs along the margins, viscid externally.
Ray flowers - +/-12 per head. Ligules yellow, +/-2.5cm long, 7-10mm broad, elliptic, glabrous. Corolla tube 2mm long, glabrous. Pappus of +/-5 translucent arista. Arista 1-3mm long.
Disk flowers - Disk +/-1cm broad. Corolla tube +/-5mm long, slightly glandular at the base externally, yellow, glabrous internally, +/-1mm in diameter, 5-lobed. Lobes purplish-brown, 1mm long, acute, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the corolla tube. Filaments yellow, glabrous, 2-3mm long. Anthers 3-4mm long, mostly exserted, connate around the style and stigma. Styles bifurcate at the apex, mostly glabrous but pubescent on the stigmas, yellow. Stigmas +/-2mm long, recurved. Receptacle chaffy. Chaff to -1cm long, folded around the disk florets, pubescent and translucent in the basal 2/3, greenish and puberulent in the apical 1/3, acute. Mature achenes not seen.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Upland prairies, limestone glades, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive species can be found in a handful of western Missouri counties. The plant is easy to identify becasue of its thin, dense, falcate leaves. The leaves are congested at the middle of the stem at anthesis.
H. salicifolius would make a great garden subject as it forms large colonies and the plants attain a tall height when mature. Each plant produces many medium-sized flower heads.
Stems - Erect, typically simple until the inflorescence, terete, herbaceous, to +2m tall, typically 4-7mm broad at the base, glaucous, from elongate horizontal rhizomes and forming large colonies.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, dense in the middle of the stem, spread apart more in the apical 1/3 of the plant, typically dried and deciduous in the basal 1/3 of the plant at anthesis, thin, glabrous, typically conduplicate, to +10cm long, 1-3mm broad, falcate.
Inflorescence - Open, corymbose arrangement of flower heads on long peduncles. Peduncles glabrous, with a few reduced bracts, 5-20cm long.
Involucre - +1cm broad and tall, of imbricate phyllaries. Phyllaries long attenuate, 1-1.5cm long, 2-3mm broad at the base, mostly glabrous but with spreading hairs at the base and appressed hairs along the margins, viscid externally.
Ray flowers - +/-12 per head. Ligules yellow, +/-2.5cm long, 7-10mm broad, elliptic, glabrous. Corolla tube 2mm long, glabrous. Pappus of +/-5 translucent arista. Arista 1-3mm long.
Disk flowers - Disk +/-1cm broad. Corolla tube +/-5mm long, slightly glandular at the base externally, yellow, glabrous internally, +/-1mm in diameter, 5-lobed. Lobes purplish-brown, 1mm long, acute, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the corolla tube. Filaments yellow, glabrous, 2-3mm long. Anthers 3-4mm long, mostly exserted, connate around the style and stigma. Styles bifurcate at the apex, mostly glabrous but pubescent on the stigmas, yellow. Stigmas +/-2mm long, recurved. Receptacle chaffy. Chaff to -1cm long, folded around the disk florets, pubescent and translucent in the basal 2/3, greenish and puberulent in the apical 1/3, acute. Mature achenes not seen.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Upland prairies, limestone glades, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive species can be found in a handful of western Missouri counties. The plant is easy to identify becasue of its thin, dense, falcate leaves. The leaves are congested at the middle of the stem at anthesis.
H. salicifolius would make a great garden subject as it forms large colonies and the plants attain a tall height when mature. Each plant produces many medium-sized flower heads.
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