文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Polygonaceae
Stems - Single tp typically multiple from a big taproot, erect, solid, herbaceous but stout, to +/-1m tall, strongly nerved to carinate, densely pubescent (at least in the basal 1/2), mostly glabrous in the inflorescence.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles densely pubescent, flat on the adaxial surface, rounded abaxially, 1-6cm long. Blades pubescent below, less so above, oblong to elliptic, cordate at the base (or rounded to truncate in the uppermost leaves), to +15cm long, +7cm broad, with crenulate to crisped margins, the apex somewhat acute. Midrib and lateral veins of the larger leaves often reddish. Ocrea +/-1.5cm long, densely pubescent, greenish-brown.
Inflorescence - Many thin spreading branches to +/-30cm long, glabrous. Branches typically perpendicular to the main axis of the stem. Whorls of flowers clearly and fairly evenly spaced along the branches of the inflorescence. Each whorl subtended by one bract. Bracts reduced upward, each whorl with +/-10 flowers. Pedicels 1-5mm long, glabrous, jointed in the middle.
Flowers - Flowers mostly perfect, 1-2mm long at anthesis, quickly expanding in fruit. Stamens 6. Filaments short, translucent, .2-.8mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, to 1.2mm long, .5mm broad. Ovary .7mm long (in flower), green, glabrous, 3-angled. Stigmas 3, translucent, expanded at the apex, .6mm long. Perianth green, glabrous, 3 "sepals" shorter the the 3 inner "petals." All parts of the flower glabrous (or with a few hairs on the outer parts). Margins of the expanded inner perianth parts with +/-5 teeth. Teeth pectinate to 3mm long. Tubercles 1-2 per flower, 1/2 as long as the valve.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Disturbed sites, railroads, roadsides.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This species has been reported from just one Missouri county (St. Louis) and has not been seen in the state since. It is much more common in states to the southeast. The plant can be identified by its densely pubescent (at least basally) stems, its pubescent leaves, its widely spreading inflorescence branches, and its pectinate fruits.
Stems - Single tp typically multiple from a big taproot, erect, solid, herbaceous but stout, to +/-1m tall, strongly nerved to carinate, densely pubescent (at least in the basal 1/2), mostly glabrous in the inflorescence.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles densely pubescent, flat on the adaxial surface, rounded abaxially, 1-6cm long. Blades pubescent below, less so above, oblong to elliptic, cordate at the base (or rounded to truncate in the uppermost leaves), to +15cm long, +7cm broad, with crenulate to crisped margins, the apex somewhat acute. Midrib and lateral veins of the larger leaves often reddish. Ocrea +/-1.5cm long, densely pubescent, greenish-brown.
Inflorescence - Many thin spreading branches to +/-30cm long, glabrous. Branches typically perpendicular to the main axis of the stem. Whorls of flowers clearly and fairly evenly spaced along the branches of the inflorescence. Each whorl subtended by one bract. Bracts reduced upward, each whorl with +/-10 flowers. Pedicels 1-5mm long, glabrous, jointed in the middle.
Flowers - Flowers mostly perfect, 1-2mm long at anthesis, quickly expanding in fruit. Stamens 6. Filaments short, translucent, .2-.8mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, to 1.2mm long, .5mm broad. Ovary .7mm long (in flower), green, glabrous, 3-angled. Stigmas 3, translucent, expanded at the apex, .6mm long. Perianth green, glabrous, 3 "sepals" shorter the the 3 inner "petals." All parts of the flower glabrous (or with a few hairs on the outer parts). Margins of the expanded inner perianth parts with +/-5 teeth. Teeth pectinate to 3mm long. Tubercles 1-2 per flower, 1/2 as long as the valve.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Disturbed sites, railroads, roadsides.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This species has been reported from just one Missouri county (St. Louis) and has not been seen in the state since. It is much more common in states to the southeast. The plant can be identified by its densely pubescent (at least basally) stems, its pubescent leaves, its widely spreading inflorescence branches, and its pectinate fruits.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Polygonaceae
Stems - Stems to -2m tall, simple or branching at the apex, erect, from a big taproot, herbaceous, glabrous, ribbed, becoming red with age.
Leaves - Basal leaves petiolate, to +/-50cm long (with petiole). Ocrea to -15cm long, scarious. Petiole to 20cm long, carinate. Blade lanceolate, crisped, glabrous, acute, +/-11cm broad, +/-45cm long, rounded at base, not cordate. Cauline leaves to +/-14cm long, glabrous, with smaller petiole than basal leaves, more crisped than basal leaves.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate panicles to +/-40cm long (tall). Pedicels to 5mm long, with small swollen joint in basal 1/2.
Flowers - Outer perianth segments 3, 1.5mm long, green, glabrous, with scarious margins, rounded at apex. Inner perianth segments broadly ovate, to 2.5mm long in flower, glabrous, green. Ovary 3-sided, green, glabrous, 1mm long. Styles 3, reflexed, .6mm long. Stamens 6, adnate at base of perianth segments. Anthers yellow, to +1mm long. Filaments greenish, glabrous, 1mm long. Fruiting perianth segments becoming ferruginous, glabrous, to 5mm long, each with a tubercle. Tubercles to 1/2 the length of the fruiting perianth segments. Achenes ferruginous.img src="1000303029_1000013406_1501669858.jpg">
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Fields, roadsides, railroads, waste ground, disturbed sites.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This aggressive species is found throughout Missouri. The plant spreads easily can grow to quite a large size.
The tissues of this species, and most plants in this genus, have high concentrations of oxalic acid and can be irritating to some people. Traditionally the plant is eaten or made into a tea for many ailments such and fever, scurvy, tumors, and cancer.
Stems - Stems to -2m tall, simple or branching at the apex, erect, from a big taproot, herbaceous, glabrous, ribbed, becoming red with age.
Leaves - Basal leaves petiolate, to +/-50cm long (with petiole). Ocrea to -15cm long, scarious. Petiole to 20cm long, carinate. Blade lanceolate, crisped, glabrous, acute, +/-11cm broad, +/-45cm long, rounded at base, not cordate. Cauline leaves to +/-14cm long, glabrous, with smaller petiole than basal leaves, more crisped than basal leaves.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate panicles to +/-40cm long (tall). Pedicels to 5mm long, with small swollen joint in basal 1/2.
Flowers - Outer perianth segments 3, 1.5mm long, green, glabrous, with scarious margins, rounded at apex. Inner perianth segments broadly ovate, to 2.5mm long in flower, glabrous, green. Ovary 3-sided, green, glabrous, 1mm long. Styles 3, reflexed, .6mm long. Stamens 6, adnate at base of perianth segments. Anthers yellow, to +1mm long. Filaments greenish, glabrous, 1mm long. Fruiting perianth segments becoming ferruginous, glabrous, to 5mm long, each with a tubercle. Tubercles to 1/2 the length of the fruiting perianth segments. Achenes ferruginous.img src="1000303029_1000013406_1501669858.jpg">
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Fields, roadsides, railroads, waste ground, disturbed sites.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This aggressive species is found throughout Missouri. The plant spreads easily can grow to quite a large size.
The tissues of this species, and most plants in this genus, have high concentrations of oxalic acid and can be irritating to some people. Traditionally the plant is eaten or made into a tea for many ailments such and fever, scurvy, tumors, and cancer.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Polygonaceae
Stems - To +1m tall, often reclining with age, herbaceous, glabrous, from big deep taproot, typically simple but sometimes branched below the inflorescence, with darker green striations.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, sheathing. Ocrea scarious, drying to brown, NOT fringed with ciliate bristles, typically deciduous by fruiting period. Petiole to 4cm long. Blades to +20cm long, +/-5cm broad, entire, lanceolate to lance-elliptic, acute to acuminate at apex, fairly abruptly constricted at base to petiole, glabrous. Margins only slightly undulate.
Inflorescence - Terminal verticillate racemes in a panicle to +/-30cm tall, dense. Branches of panicle ascending. Pedicels of flowers to 1cm long, jointed below middle, glabrous.
Flowers - Imperfect. Fruiting sepals green, drying to a brownish-copper color, to 6mm long, 5mm broad, entire. Tubercles 1, to 3.5mm long, 1.1mm broad. Achenes 3-sided, 3mm long, dark brown.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Moist ground by streams, sloughs, and ponds, thickets, waste ground, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species of Rumex is quite common throughout Missouri. The plant seems to prefer slightly moist ground but can grow in a variety of conditions because of its big taproot.
The young shoots of this plant and some other species in this genus can be cooked and eaten.
Stems - To +1m tall, often reclining with age, herbaceous, glabrous, from big deep taproot, typically simple but sometimes branched below the inflorescence, with darker green striations.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, sheathing. Ocrea scarious, drying to brown, NOT fringed with ciliate bristles, typically deciduous by fruiting period. Petiole to 4cm long. Blades to +20cm long, +/-5cm broad, entire, lanceolate to lance-elliptic, acute to acuminate at apex, fairly abruptly constricted at base to petiole, glabrous. Margins only slightly undulate.
Inflorescence - Terminal verticillate racemes in a panicle to +/-30cm tall, dense. Branches of panicle ascending. Pedicels of flowers to 1cm long, jointed below middle, glabrous.
Flowers - Imperfect. Fruiting sepals green, drying to a brownish-copper color, to 6mm long, 5mm broad, entire. Tubercles 1, to 3.5mm long, 1.1mm broad. Achenes 3-sided, 3mm long, dark brown.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Moist ground by streams, sloughs, and ponds, thickets, waste ground, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species of Rumex is quite common throughout Missouri. The plant seems to prefer slightly moist ground but can grow in a variety of conditions because of its big taproot.
The young shoots of this plant and some other species in this genus can be cooked and eaten.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Rhamnaceae
Stems - Woody, a shrub to +2m tall. Twigs glabrous, tannish-red, terete. New growth terete, glabrous or puberulent. Pith of the twigs white, spongy, solid.
Leaves - Leaves alternate, petiolate. Petioles to 5mm long, pubescent on the adaxial margin and with an adaxial groove. Blades lanceolate to elliptic, serrulate, acute, mostly glabrous but with some hairs on the midrib below, deep dull green adaxially, shiny light green abaxially, to +5cm long, +2cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from the leaf axils on the new-season's growth. Pedicels 3-4mm long, glabrous. Plants polygamodioecous (with male and female flowers on different plants and with some perfect flowers on the same plant).
Flowers (staminate) - Petals 4, alternating with the sepals, adnate at the apex of the calyx tube, erect, folded around the stamens, small, 1-1.3mm long, .5mm broad, glabrous, purplish, notched at the apex. Stamens 4, alternating with the calyx lobes, erect, adnate just below the petals. Filaments -1mm long, compressed, widest at the base and tapering to the apex, glabrous, translucent-green. Anthers to .7mm long, whtish to gold. Pistil reduced, .5-.6mm long, glabrous, green, superior, tapering to the apex. Calyx tube green, glabrous, 1-1.5mm long. Sepals 4, 2mm long, 1mm broad, acute, entire, green and sometimes with brown tips.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Open wooded slopes, usually on limestone.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This shrubby species can be found throughout most of Missouri but is apparently absent from the bootheel counties of the state. The plant is fairly non-distinct and easily missed when traversing the woods. Habitat is probably the best character to use when trying to locate this plant in the wild. In the Ozarks this species is not nearly as common and the larger R. caroliniana Walt.
Stems - Woody, a shrub to +2m tall. Twigs glabrous, tannish-red, terete. New growth terete, glabrous or puberulent. Pith of the twigs white, spongy, solid.
Leaves - Leaves alternate, petiolate. Petioles to 5mm long, pubescent on the adaxial margin and with an adaxial groove. Blades lanceolate to elliptic, serrulate, acute, mostly glabrous but with some hairs on the midrib below, deep dull green adaxially, shiny light green abaxially, to +5cm long, +2cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from the leaf axils on the new-season's growth. Pedicels 3-4mm long, glabrous. Plants polygamodioecous (with male and female flowers on different plants and with some perfect flowers on the same plant).
Flowers (staminate) - Petals 4, alternating with the sepals, adnate at the apex of the calyx tube, erect, folded around the stamens, small, 1-1.3mm long, .5mm broad, glabrous, purplish, notched at the apex. Stamens 4, alternating with the calyx lobes, erect, adnate just below the petals. Filaments -1mm long, compressed, widest at the base and tapering to the apex, glabrous, translucent-green. Anthers to .7mm long, whtish to gold. Pistil reduced, .5-.6mm long, glabrous, green, superior, tapering to the apex. Calyx tube green, glabrous, 1-1.5mm long. Sepals 4, 2mm long, 1mm broad, acute, entire, green and sometimes with brown tips.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Open wooded slopes, usually on limestone.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This shrubby species can be found throughout most of Missouri but is apparently absent from the bootheel counties of the state. The plant is fairly non-distinct and easily missed when traversing the woods. Habitat is probably the best character to use when trying to locate this plant in the wild. In the Ozarks this species is not nearly as common and the larger R. caroliniana Walt.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Polygonaceae
Stems - Twining, herbaceous, to +1m long, angled or ribbed, retrorse strigose on angles and ribs, often reddish in strong sun, branching, multiple from base.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles with a deep adaxial groove, retrorse strigose, to +2cm long. Blades sagittate, acute to acuminate, entire, glabrous, strigillose on the margins, to +4cm long, +3cm broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal flowers. Axillary flowers typically single or paired. Terminal flowers in bracteate racemes, in whorls of 4 at each node of the raceme, often subtended by reduced foliaceous bracts. Axis of racemes retrorse strigillose. Pedicels reddish in strong sun, 1-2mm long, mostly glabrous.
Flowers - Perianth greenish and often with whitish or pinkish apical margins, quickly expanding in size to 4mm long (1-2mm in flower). Stamens 6-8. Anthers pinkish, bilobed, .3mm broad. Filaments short, white, glabrous, .5mm long. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, 3-angled, .7mm long in flower. Style short, green, glabrous, .1mm long. Stigma green, capitate, .1-.2mm broad. Seeds dull black but shiny on the angles, 3-angled, to 3mm long.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri and is becoming more common. It spreads very quickly.
The leaves and habit of the plant resembles those of the genus Convolvulus, hence the species epithet.
Steyermark wrote that natives used to grind the seeds and make flour.
Stems - Twining, herbaceous, to +1m long, angled or ribbed, retrorse strigose on angles and ribs, often reddish in strong sun, branching, multiple from base.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles with a deep adaxial groove, retrorse strigose, to +2cm long. Blades sagittate, acute to acuminate, entire, glabrous, strigillose on the margins, to +4cm long, +3cm broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal flowers. Axillary flowers typically single or paired. Terminal flowers in bracteate racemes, in whorls of 4 at each node of the raceme, often subtended by reduced foliaceous bracts. Axis of racemes retrorse strigillose. Pedicels reddish in strong sun, 1-2mm long, mostly glabrous.
Flowers - Perianth greenish and often with whitish or pinkish apical margins, quickly expanding in size to 4mm long (1-2mm in flower). Stamens 6-8. Anthers pinkish, bilobed, .3mm broad. Filaments short, white, glabrous, .5mm long. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, 3-angled, .7mm long in flower. Style short, green, glabrous, .1mm long. Stigma green, capitate, .1-.2mm broad. Seeds dull black but shiny on the angles, 3-angled, to 3mm long.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri and is becoming more common. It spreads very quickly.
The leaves and habit of the plant resembles those of the genus Convolvulus, hence the species epithet.
Steyermark wrote that natives used to grind the seeds and make flour.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - To +1m tall, erect to arching, glabrous, glaucous, herbaceous, rhizomatous, simple, single from base.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, glabrous, somewhat glaucous below, entire, acute, to +18cm long, +7cm wide.
Inflorescence - Pedunculate drooping axillary clusters of 1-5 flowers. Peduncle to +3cm long, glabrous. Pedicels to 8mm long, glabrous, often with small linear bracts to about 1.1mm long.
Flowers - Whitish-green. Tepals 6, united except at apex, United portion to +/-1.5cm long, glabrous. Free portion of tepals 4mm long, acute, spreading to erect. Stamens 6, adnate about halfway up corolla tube, opposite tepals, included. Filaments to 4mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 4.5mm long, introrse. Ovary superior, 5mm long, ellipsoid, 3-locular. Placentation axile. Style glabrous, 1.1cm long, pale greenish-white. Berries to +1.2cm long (diameter), deep blue, glabrous.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Moist, rich woods, roadside ditches, edges of streams and ponds.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - You may find this plant being called P. canaliculatum, which was once thought to be a separate species, but the two are synonymous. This plant is common throughout Missouri.
When not in flower, this plant can be mistaken for another member of the Liliaceae, Smilacina. Smilacina in flower has a terminal raceme and is easy to ID. When not in flower, though, it is easy to mistake the two genera.
Stems - To +1m tall, erect to arching, glabrous, glaucous, herbaceous, rhizomatous, simple, single from base.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, glabrous, somewhat glaucous below, entire, acute, to +18cm long, +7cm wide.
Inflorescence - Pedunculate drooping axillary clusters of 1-5 flowers. Peduncle to +3cm long, glabrous. Pedicels to 8mm long, glabrous, often with small linear bracts to about 1.1mm long.
Flowers - Whitish-green. Tepals 6, united except at apex, United portion to +/-1.5cm long, glabrous. Free portion of tepals 4mm long, acute, spreading to erect. Stamens 6, adnate about halfway up corolla tube, opposite tepals, included. Filaments to 4mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 4.5mm long, introrse. Ovary superior, 5mm long, ellipsoid, 3-locular. Placentation axile. Style glabrous, 1.1cm long, pale greenish-white. Berries to +1.2cm long (diameter), deep blue, glabrous.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Moist, rich woods, roadside ditches, edges of streams and ponds.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - You may find this plant being called P. canaliculatum, which was once thought to be a separate species, but the two are synonymous. This plant is common throughout Missouri.
When not in flower, this plant can be mistaken for another member of the Liliaceae, Smilacina. Smilacina in flower has a terminal raceme and is easy to ID. When not in flower, though, it is easy to mistake the two genera.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Orchidaceae
Stems - To +/-50cm tall, erect, herbaceous, simple, single or double from the base, glabrous, with vertical ridges formed by decurrent leaf and bract tissue, green.
Leaves - 2-5 per stem, sessile, sheathing, glabrous, entire, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute at apex, the largest with blades to +/-12cm long, +/-2cm broad, dull green above, slightly more shiny below. The midrib deeply impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal spike to +/-10cm long (tall). Axis glabrous. Each flower subtended by a lanceolate bract. Bracts shorter or longer than the flowers (depending on the variety), green, glabrous, entire.
Flowers - Sessile, green. Floral tube -1cm long, typically twisted, glabrous. Sepals 3, ovate to orbicular, glabrous, entire, to 4mm long, 3mm broad. The lateral two spreading. Petals yellow-green. The spur to 6mm long, slightly curved, glabrous. Lower lip blunt at the apex to very slightly emarginate, to +/-4mm long, 3mm broad, glabrous, with two small basal projections and a tubercle at the base adaxially. Lateral petals rounded to ovate or obovate, spreading, 3-4mm long and broad, glabrous. Column -2mm long and broad, facing forward. Pollinia 1.3mm long. Pollen white.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Mesic bottoms, mesic prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is relatively uncommon. The plant is fairly easy to identify because of its green flowers, which are spurred and have an undivided lower lip.
P. flava is commonly divided into two varieties. Both these varieties occur in Missouri but may be hard to differentiate. The varieties are differentiated on the basis of bract length on the inflorescence and also number of leaves per plant. The longer-bracted plants, var. herbiola (R. Br.) Luer are more common in Missouri than the shorter-bracted plants, var. flava.
Stems - To +/-50cm tall, erect, herbaceous, simple, single or double from the base, glabrous, with vertical ridges formed by decurrent leaf and bract tissue, green.
Leaves - 2-5 per stem, sessile, sheathing, glabrous, entire, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute at apex, the largest with blades to +/-12cm long, +/-2cm broad, dull green above, slightly more shiny below. The midrib deeply impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal spike to +/-10cm long (tall). Axis glabrous. Each flower subtended by a lanceolate bract. Bracts shorter or longer than the flowers (depending on the variety), green, glabrous, entire.
Flowers - Sessile, green. Floral tube -1cm long, typically twisted, glabrous. Sepals 3, ovate to orbicular, glabrous, entire, to 4mm long, 3mm broad. The lateral two spreading. Petals yellow-green. The spur to 6mm long, slightly curved, glabrous. Lower lip blunt at the apex to very slightly emarginate, to +/-4mm long, 3mm broad, glabrous, with two small basal projections and a tubercle at the base adaxially. Lateral petals rounded to ovate or obovate, spreading, 3-4mm long and broad, glabrous. Column -2mm long and broad, facing forward. Pollinia 1.3mm long. Pollen white.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Mesic bottoms, mesic prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is relatively uncommon. The plant is fairly easy to identify because of its green flowers, which are spurred and have an undivided lower lip.
P. flava is commonly divided into two varieties. Both these varieties occur in Missouri but may be hard to differentiate. The varieties are differentiated on the basis of bract length on the inflorescence and also number of leaves per plant. The longer-bracted plants, var. herbiola (R. Br.) Luer are more common in Missouri than the shorter-bracted plants, var. flava.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Multiple from base, from taproot, ascending to erect, glabrous or with a few sparse hairs, to +15cm tall, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile to very short petiolate below, to +1.5cm long, +7mm broad, deeply pinnatifid to bipinnatifid. Ultimate divisions linear, lanate (sparse), green.
Inflorescence - Loose cymose arrangement of terminal flower heads. Heads globose to ovoid, to 8mm in diameter, with +100 flowers (florets).
Involucre - To 5mm tall. Phyllaries in two series, scarious-margined.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Green, 4-lobed, 1.1mm long, glabrous. Achenes to 1.1mm long, tan in flower, terete, ribbed. Pappus a minute crown or absent. Receptacle conic.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Rocky open ground, pastures, waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Western North America and Eurasia, introduced in many parts of the U.S.
Other info. - This is a tiny plant but interesting none the less. The green subglobose flower heads are eye-catching. The plant is often not seen because of its small size. I must admit, I nearly stepped on it the first time I saw it.
Stems - Multiple from base, from taproot, ascending to erect, glabrous or with a few sparse hairs, to +15cm tall, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile to very short petiolate below, to +1.5cm long, +7mm broad, deeply pinnatifid to bipinnatifid. Ultimate divisions linear, lanate (sparse), green.
Inflorescence - Loose cymose arrangement of terminal flower heads. Heads globose to ovoid, to 8mm in diameter, with +100 flowers (florets).
Involucre - To 5mm tall. Phyllaries in two series, scarious-margined.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Green, 4-lobed, 1.1mm long, glabrous. Achenes to 1.1mm long, tan in flower, terete, ribbed. Pappus a minute crown or absent. Receptacle conic.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Rocky open ground, pastures, waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Western North America and Eurasia, introduced in many parts of the U.S.
Other info. - This is a tiny plant but interesting none the less. The green subglobose flower heads are eye-catching. The plant is often not seen because of its small size. I must admit, I nearly stepped on it the first time I saw it.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Agavaceae
Stems - Plants acaulescent. Leaves and flowering stems from a bulbous herbaceous caudex.
Leaves - In a basal rosette, sessile, succulent, glabrous, glaucous, with denticulate margins, typically folded lengthwise, acuminate, to +/-20cm long, +/-5cm broad, often with purplish spots near base. Leaves of flowering scape reduced to bracts.
Inflorescence - Scapose spike to +2m tall. Axis of inflorescence slightly "zig-zag" in flowering portion. Each flower subtended by a single bract. Bracts to -1cm long, scarious, subulate.
Flowers - Tepals 6, united into a 6-lobed tube. Tube glabrous, green, to +3cm long. Lobes acuminate, to 6mm long. Stamens 6, adnate near base of corolla tube, exserted. Filaments to +3.5cm long, green at apex, brown and white basally, clavate, glabrous. Anthers to +1.5cm long, yellow to brownish. Style glabrous, exserted, equaling or shorter than the stamens. Stigma 3-lobed, 3mm broad. Ovary inferior, 3-locular. Placentation axial. Ovules many.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Glades, open rocky woods with alkaline soils.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the lower 1/3 of Missouri and is common throughout the Ozarks. The flowers of this species are not very showy but the plant is interesting and worthy of cultivation. This is one of the few true succulent plants found in the state.
A synonym is Agave virginica L.
Stems - Plants acaulescent. Leaves and flowering stems from a bulbous herbaceous caudex.
Leaves - In a basal rosette, sessile, succulent, glabrous, glaucous, with denticulate margins, typically folded lengthwise, acuminate, to +/-20cm long, +/-5cm broad, often with purplish spots near base. Leaves of flowering scape reduced to bracts.
Inflorescence - Scapose spike to +2m tall. Axis of inflorescence slightly "zig-zag" in flowering portion. Each flower subtended by a single bract. Bracts to -1cm long, scarious, subulate.
Flowers - Tepals 6, united into a 6-lobed tube. Tube glabrous, green, to +3cm long. Lobes acuminate, to 6mm long. Stamens 6, adnate near base of corolla tube, exserted. Filaments to +3.5cm long, green at apex, brown and white basally, clavate, glabrous. Anthers to +1.5cm long, yellow to brownish. Style glabrous, exserted, equaling or shorter than the stamens. Stigma 3-lobed, 3mm broad. Ovary inferior, 3-locular. Placentation axial. Ovules many.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Glades, open rocky woods with alkaline soils.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the lower 1/3 of Missouri and is common throughout the Ozarks. The flowers of this species are not very showy but the plant is interesting and worthy of cultivation. This is one of the few true succulent plants found in the state.
A synonym is Agave virginica L.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Orchidaceae
Stems - Flowering stems to 30cm tall, erect, herbaceous, glabrous, slightly angled or winged, from a fleshy corm and fleshy roots.
Leaves - One per flowering stem. Often a much reduced leaf may be present near the base of the flowering stem also. Stem leaf ovate, entire, glabrous, green adaxially, silvery-green abaxially, acute, to 8cm long, 5cm broad, sheathing at the base all the way to the base of the flowering stem.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, dense in flower, elongated in fruit. Pedicels to 1cm long, glabrous, subtended by a small subulate bract. Bracts to 3mm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Small, green, 5mm long, glabrous. Floral tube 2mm long. Upper sepals deflexed, 2mm long. Lower sepals rounded at the apex, 2mm long, the margins revolute. Lateral petals thin, linear, to 1.5mm long, recurved. Corolla lip 2-lobed, 2.5-3mm long. The lobes acute. The upper lip whitish-green. Column 3-lobed (the lobes acute), .75mm long. Capsules spreading, 3-6mm long, elliptic, ribbed.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Mesic to dry upland woods, typically on acidic substrates.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little orchid is found in the Ozark region of Missouri. Because of its green color and small size, the plant is easily overlooked in the field. This is an easy plant to ID, however, as nothing else in our flora resembles it.
Stems - Flowering stems to 30cm tall, erect, herbaceous, glabrous, slightly angled or winged, from a fleshy corm and fleshy roots.
Leaves - One per flowering stem. Often a much reduced leaf may be present near the base of the flowering stem also. Stem leaf ovate, entire, glabrous, green adaxially, silvery-green abaxially, acute, to 8cm long, 5cm broad, sheathing at the base all the way to the base of the flowering stem.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, dense in flower, elongated in fruit. Pedicels to 1cm long, glabrous, subtended by a small subulate bract. Bracts to 3mm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Small, green, 5mm long, glabrous. Floral tube 2mm long. Upper sepals deflexed, 2mm long. Lower sepals rounded at the apex, 2mm long, the margins revolute. Lateral petals thin, linear, to 1.5mm long, recurved. Corolla lip 2-lobed, 2.5-3mm long. The lobes acute. The upper lip whitish-green. Column 3-lobed (the lobes acute), .75mm long. Capsules spreading, 3-6mm long, elliptic, ribbed.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Mesic to dry upland woods, typically on acidic substrates.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little orchid is found in the Ozark region of Missouri. Because of its green color and small size, the plant is easily overlooked in the field. This is an easy plant to ID, however, as nothing else in our flora resembles it.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Euphorbiaceae
Stems - Branching at the base, from a stout but short taproot, herbaceous, erect, simple, often reddish, glabrescent below, fistulose, with small patches of multicellular hairs near the apex in the internodes, with white milky sap.
Leaves - Alternate (except in the inflorescence), sessile, oblong to oblanceolate, rounded to blunt at the apex, appearing glabrous but actually with a fine arachnoid pubescence (use a lens to see), irregular serrulate, to 5cm long, -2cm broad. Leaves in inflorescence opposite to sub-opposite, broadly ovate.
Inflorescence - Loose cymose arrangement of cyathia. Each division of cyme subtended by a pair of opposite bracts. Peduncles glabrous. Pedicels to 3mm long, broadening at the apex, glabrous.
Flowers - Glands of cyathia 4, red, truncate at the apex, 1-1.2mm broad, imperfectly surrounding the cyathia. Stamens +/-15, erect, exserted at the time of flowering. Filaments translucent to pale yellow, compressed, 1.5-2mm long. Anthers biglobose, yellow, .5mm broad. Ovary (in flower) -1.5mm in diameter, globose, green, tuberculate-papillate, quickly enlarging in fruit, with 3 ovules. Placentation axile. Styles 3, reflexed and resting on the surface of the ovary, green, glabrous, branched in the apical 2/3 (the branches spreading). Stigmas red, .2mm long.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Low woods, thickets, fallow fields, sandy ground, gravel bars.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This non-distinct species can be found mainly in the southeastern half of Missouri. Like most plants in the family, this plant bleeds copious amounts of milky sap when injured. Many plants in the genus Euphorbia can be difficult to ID in the field. E. obtusata can be identified by its alternate leaves (which have minute teeth along their margins), its erect growth habit, and the reddish glands around the apex of its cyathia.
Stems - Branching at the base, from a stout but short taproot, herbaceous, erect, simple, often reddish, glabrescent below, fistulose, with small patches of multicellular hairs near the apex in the internodes, with white milky sap.
Leaves - Alternate (except in the inflorescence), sessile, oblong to oblanceolate, rounded to blunt at the apex, appearing glabrous but actually with a fine arachnoid pubescence (use a lens to see), irregular serrulate, to 5cm long, -2cm broad. Leaves in inflorescence opposite to sub-opposite, broadly ovate.
Inflorescence - Loose cymose arrangement of cyathia. Each division of cyme subtended by a pair of opposite bracts. Peduncles glabrous. Pedicels to 3mm long, broadening at the apex, glabrous.
Flowers - Glands of cyathia 4, red, truncate at the apex, 1-1.2mm broad, imperfectly surrounding the cyathia. Stamens +/-15, erect, exserted at the time of flowering. Filaments translucent to pale yellow, compressed, 1.5-2mm long. Anthers biglobose, yellow, .5mm broad. Ovary (in flower) -1.5mm in diameter, globose, green, tuberculate-papillate, quickly enlarging in fruit, with 3 ovules. Placentation axile. Styles 3, reflexed and resting on the surface of the ovary, green, glabrous, branched in the apical 2/3 (the branches spreading). Stigmas red, .2mm long.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Low woods, thickets, fallow fields, sandy ground, gravel bars.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This non-distinct species can be found mainly in the southeastern half of Missouri. Like most plants in the family, this plant bleeds copious amounts of milky sap when injured. Many plants in the genus Euphorbia can be difficult to ID in the field. E. obtusata can be identified by its alternate leaves (which have minute teeth along their margins), its erect growth habit, and the reddish glands around the apex of its cyathia.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Chenopodiaceae
Stems - From a big taproot, erect, herbaceous but stout, much-branched, terete to ribbed, green, glabrescent but minutely villous, to +/-60cm tall.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile. Blade tapering to the base, with 3-4 coarse teeth per margin, acute, glabrous or with very few hairs, to +4cm long, 1cm broad, linear-oblong, green, lighter underneath.
Inflorescence - Open, loose spikes terminating each stem and branch. Flowers sessile, the lowest subtended by a greatly reduced foliaceous bract. Flowers compact at first but quickly expanding in fruit.
Flowers - Minute, green. Sepals green, convergent, keeled, 5, to 1mm long in flower, longer in fruit, dark green, mostly glabrous, subtended by white lanose hairs. Stigmas 3, erect, white, .7-1mm long. Ovary green, superior, globose, glabrous but surrounded by lanose hairs, .3-.7mm broad in flower, quickly expanding in fruit and becoming disk-shaped. Fruit winged, to 4mm broad. Wing white, +/-1mm broad, erose-margined. Seed dark purple, broadly conic, hard, 2mm broad.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Sand bars, gravel bars, sandy fields, railroads, sandy roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This interesting species can be found throughout Missouri along the major waterways and in sandy areas. The plant is simple to identify becasue of its round, winged fruits and choice of habitat.
Stems - From a big taproot, erect, herbaceous but stout, much-branched, terete to ribbed, green, glabrescent but minutely villous, to +/-60cm tall.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile. Blade tapering to the base, with 3-4 coarse teeth per margin, acute, glabrous or with very few hairs, to +4cm long, 1cm broad, linear-oblong, green, lighter underneath.
Inflorescence - Open, loose spikes terminating each stem and branch. Flowers sessile, the lowest subtended by a greatly reduced foliaceous bract. Flowers compact at first but quickly expanding in fruit.
Flowers - Minute, green. Sepals green, convergent, keeled, 5, to 1mm long in flower, longer in fruit, dark green, mostly glabrous, subtended by white lanose hairs. Stigmas 3, erect, white, .7-1mm long. Ovary green, superior, globose, glabrous but surrounded by lanose hairs, .3-.7mm broad in flower, quickly expanding in fruit and becoming disk-shaped. Fruit winged, to 4mm broad. Wing white, +/-1mm broad, erose-margined. Seed dark purple, broadly conic, hard, 2mm broad.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Sand bars, gravel bars, sandy fields, railroads, sandy roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This interesting species can be found throughout Missouri along the major waterways and in sandy areas. The plant is simple to identify becasue of its round, winged fruits and choice of habitat.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Brassicaceae
Stems - Repent, decumbent, or ascending, multiple from the base, radiating from a central point, from a long taproot, to 30cm long, herbaceous, terete, glabrous, green.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, pinnate, to 4-5cm long, 2cm broad, glabrous. Divisions of the leaves opposite, lobed or divided again, acute, linear-elliptic to linear oblong. Apices of ultimate divisions with a somewhat hardened point.
Inflorescence - Small raceme to 4cm long, opposite one of the stem leaves, compact in flower, quickly elongating in fruit. Axis glabrous. Pedicels to 2mm long in fruit.
Flowers - Greenish, minute. Petals absent. Sepals 4, to 1mm long, .75mm broad, strongly cupped, glabrous, with scarious margins, acute to rounded at the apex. Stamens 2, to .75mm long. Filaments white, swollen at the base, glabrous, succulent. Anthers purple, .1mm long. Staminodia 4, shorter than the stamens, one staminode arising on each side of the fertile stamens, with minute green nectaries at the base between the fertile stamen and the staminode. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, 1mm broad, .8mm long, compressed. Style absent. Stigma sessile between the two halves of the ovary. Fruits glabrous, 3-4mm broad, 2mm long, slightly compressed, sub-biglobose, 2-seeded.
Flowering - April - October.
Habitat - Waste ground, open places, lawns.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This sprawling weed can be found in just a handful of southeast Missouri counties but is spreading. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its spreading stems, pinnate leaves, and biglobose fruits. The species epithet "didymus" means "the testes" referring to the fruits.
Stems - Repent, decumbent, or ascending, multiple from the base, radiating from a central point, from a long taproot, to 30cm long, herbaceous, terete, glabrous, green.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, pinnate, to 4-5cm long, 2cm broad, glabrous. Divisions of the leaves opposite, lobed or divided again, acute, linear-elliptic to linear oblong. Apices of ultimate divisions with a somewhat hardened point.
Inflorescence - Small raceme to 4cm long, opposite one of the stem leaves, compact in flower, quickly elongating in fruit. Axis glabrous. Pedicels to 2mm long in fruit.
Flowers - Greenish, minute. Petals absent. Sepals 4, to 1mm long, .75mm broad, strongly cupped, glabrous, with scarious margins, acute to rounded at the apex. Stamens 2, to .75mm long. Filaments white, swollen at the base, glabrous, succulent. Anthers purple, .1mm long. Staminodia 4, shorter than the stamens, one staminode arising on each side of the fertile stamens, with minute green nectaries at the base between the fertile stamen and the staminode. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, 1mm broad, .8mm long, compressed. Style absent. Stigma sessile between the two halves of the ovary. Fruits glabrous, 3-4mm broad, 2mm long, slightly compressed, sub-biglobose, 2-seeded.
Flowering - April - October.
Habitat - Waste ground, open places, lawns.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This sprawling weed can be found in just a handful of southeast Missouri counties but is spreading. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its spreading stems, pinnate leaves, and biglobose fruits. The species epithet "didymus" means "the testes" referring to the fruits.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Chenopodiaceae
Stems - Herbaceous, from a taproot, to 25cm tall, simple to diffusely branched, erect, very fragrant, viscous, glandular with whitish glands, carinate, pubescent with multicellular trichomes.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, mostly pinnately lobed, fragrant. Petioles to 5mm long, pubescent and glandular as the stem but more so. Blades lanceolate, +/-1.3cm long, +/-9mm broad, cuneate at the base, pubescent adaxially, densely white glandular and pubescent abaxially.
Inflorescence - Axillary glomerules of minute flowers. Each flower on a very short pedicel. Pedicels to .2mm long.
Flowers - Apetalous. Stamens 1-5 per flower. Anthers bilobed, pale yellow to white, .3mm broad. Ovary minute, green, glabrous, .2mm in diameter. Stigmas 2. Calyx accrescent, green, sepals 5, distinct, oblong linear, cupped, -1mm long, acute, glandular pubescent, mostly covering the seeds in fruit. Seeds rotund, .5mm in diameter, purplish, smooth.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, rocky or sandy soils, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Australia.
Other info. - This small species can be found mostly in the southern 1/2 of Missouri but its range is expanding. The plant is an exotic and thrives in disturbed areas. This is one of the easier species of Chenopodium to identify because of its strong fragrance, sticky stems, small size, and pinnately-lobed leaves.
A synonym is C. incanum (S. Wats.) Heller.
Stems - Herbaceous, from a taproot, to 25cm tall, simple to diffusely branched, erect, very fragrant, viscous, glandular with whitish glands, carinate, pubescent with multicellular trichomes.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, mostly pinnately lobed, fragrant. Petioles to 5mm long, pubescent and glandular as the stem but more so. Blades lanceolate, +/-1.3cm long, +/-9mm broad, cuneate at the base, pubescent adaxially, densely white glandular and pubescent abaxially.
Inflorescence - Axillary glomerules of minute flowers. Each flower on a very short pedicel. Pedicels to .2mm long.
Flowers - Apetalous. Stamens 1-5 per flower. Anthers bilobed, pale yellow to white, .3mm broad. Ovary minute, green, glabrous, .2mm in diameter. Stigmas 2. Calyx accrescent, green, sepals 5, distinct, oblong linear, cupped, -1mm long, acute, glandular pubescent, mostly covering the seeds in fruit. Seeds rotund, .5mm in diameter, purplish, smooth.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, rocky or sandy soils, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Australia.
Other info. - This small species can be found mostly in the southern 1/2 of Missouri but its range is expanding. The plant is an exotic and thrives in disturbed areas. This is one of the easier species of Chenopodium to identify because of its strong fragrance, sticky stems, small size, and pinnately-lobed leaves.
A synonym is C. incanum (S. Wats.) Heller.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Scrophulariaceae
Stems - Multiple from base, simple, herbaceous, villous to velutinous or lanate, to +35cm long, erect to ascending, from a stout woody crown with thick roots.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile. Lower leaves linear, entire, pubescent above and below, to -8cm long. Upper leaves(bracts of flowers) 3-4 lobed(typically with two lateral lobes and a central lobe which is often divided), to +/-6cm long, pubescent above, dense pubescent below. Lobes entire, linear.
Inflorescence - Single sessile axillary flowers from upper 2/3 of stem. Flowers subtended by a lobed foliaceous bract.
Flowers -Corolla to +5.5cm long, well exserted beyond calyx, pale yellowish-white to light green at apex, bilabiate. Tube to 4cm long, villous near base, glandular pubescent at apex. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes attenuate, 4-5mm long. Upper lip 1cm long, galeate, with scarious margins, folded, attenuate. Stamens 4, didynamous. Filaments to 1.2cm long, glabrous, filiform. Anthers yellow-orange, 3-4mm long. Style filiform, glabrous, exserted just beyond upper lip of corolla. Stigma small, dark purple. Ovary superior, glabrous, green, 4-5mm long, slightly compressed. Locules 2. Placentation axile. Fruit dehiscent by two valves. Calyx tubular, laterally bilabiate, accrescent. Tube to 2.5cm long, light green to pale yellow, glandular pubescent externally, glabrous to sparse pubescent internally. Each lateral lip 2-lobed. Lobes attenuate, to -2cm long, dense glandular pubescent.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Dry exposed areas of loess hills.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - If you want to view this plant in this state you will have to travel up to Holt and Atchison Counties in the northwest corner of the state. The plant can be found on the upper ridges of the loess hills in the area. Good luck if you go out there.
This plant may not have an abundance of magnificent color to look at but it is an interesting little plant regardless. The flowers are inconspicuous but the scraggly bracts and ascending stems give the plant a "spidery" appearance.
Stems - Multiple from base, simple, herbaceous, villous to velutinous or lanate, to +35cm long, erect to ascending, from a stout woody crown with thick roots.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile. Lower leaves linear, entire, pubescent above and below, to -8cm long. Upper leaves(bracts of flowers) 3-4 lobed(typically with two lateral lobes and a central lobe which is often divided), to +/-6cm long, pubescent above, dense pubescent below. Lobes entire, linear.
Inflorescence - Single sessile axillary flowers from upper 2/3 of stem. Flowers subtended by a lobed foliaceous bract.
Flowers -Corolla to +5.5cm long, well exserted beyond calyx, pale yellowish-white to light green at apex, bilabiate. Tube to 4cm long, villous near base, glandular pubescent at apex. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes attenuate, 4-5mm long. Upper lip 1cm long, galeate, with scarious margins, folded, attenuate. Stamens 4, didynamous. Filaments to 1.2cm long, glabrous, filiform. Anthers yellow-orange, 3-4mm long. Style filiform, glabrous, exserted just beyond upper lip of corolla. Stigma small, dark purple. Ovary superior, glabrous, green, 4-5mm long, slightly compressed. Locules 2. Placentation axile. Fruit dehiscent by two valves. Calyx tubular, laterally bilabiate, accrescent. Tube to 2.5cm long, light green to pale yellow, glandular pubescent externally, glabrous to sparse pubescent internally. Each lateral lip 2-lobed. Lobes attenuate, to -2cm long, dense glandular pubescent.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Dry exposed areas of loess hills.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - If you want to view this plant in this state you will have to travel up to Holt and Atchison Counties in the northwest corner of the state. The plant can be found on the upper ridges of the loess hills in the area. Good luck if you go out there.
This plant may not have an abundance of magnificent color to look at but it is an interesting little plant regardless. The flowers are inconspicuous but the scraggly bracts and ascending stems give the plant a "spidery" appearance.
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