文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To -1m tall, branching in upper 1/2, herbaceous, erect, short pubescent, minutely winged (ribbed) from leaf bases, from rhizomes.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, linear, 3-5 nerved, entire, slightly scabrous, acute to acuminate, to +/-10cm long, 8-9mm broad, reduced upward by inflorescence, glandular-punctate (use a lens to see).
Inflorescence - Corymbose arrangement of flower heads. Peduncles winged and pubescent to strigose on wing margins.
Involucre - 5mm tall, 2mm in diameter, cylindrical. Phyllaries imbricate, glabrous, yellowish and often with green apices (viewed with a lens you can see a yellow midvein in the green tip), linear, with scarious margins. Innermost phyllaries to 3.1mm long, .6mm broad.
Ray flowers - Fertile. Ligule yellow, to -3mm long, .5mm broad, glabrous. Achene (in flower) white, .5mm long, pubescent. Pappus of capillary bristles.
Disk flowers - 15-20 per flowerhead. Corolla tube to 2mm long, pale yellow, 5-lobed. Lobes yellow, 1.3mm long, acute, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate 1/2 way up corolla tube. Anthers yellow, connate around style, included, 1.4mm long. Style bifurcate, just exserted beyond corolla lobes. Achene pubescent, .7mm long (in flower). Pappus of capillary bristles to 3.4mm long.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Prairies, fields, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - graminifolia means "grass-leaf" and indeed the leaves on this species are thin and long, much like grass blades. This species is most common in the northeastern 1/4 of Missouri but is scattered in counties through the upper 1/2 of the state.
Steyermark gives two varieties for the plant. Variety media (Greene) Harris, is pictured and described above. Variety nuttallii (Greene) Fern., has leaves which are typically pubescent and more broad than the previous variety.
Stems - To -1m tall, branching in upper 1/2, herbaceous, erect, short pubescent, minutely winged (ribbed) from leaf bases, from rhizomes.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, linear, 3-5 nerved, entire, slightly scabrous, acute to acuminate, to +/-10cm long, 8-9mm broad, reduced upward by inflorescence, glandular-punctate (use a lens to see).
Inflorescence - Corymbose arrangement of flower heads. Peduncles winged and pubescent to strigose on wing margins.
Involucre - 5mm tall, 2mm in diameter, cylindrical. Phyllaries imbricate, glabrous, yellowish and often with green apices (viewed with a lens you can see a yellow midvein in the green tip), linear, with scarious margins. Innermost phyllaries to 3.1mm long, .6mm broad.
Ray flowers - Fertile. Ligule yellow, to -3mm long, .5mm broad, glabrous. Achene (in flower) white, .5mm long, pubescent. Pappus of capillary bristles.
Disk flowers - 15-20 per flowerhead. Corolla tube to 2mm long, pale yellow, 5-lobed. Lobes yellow, 1.3mm long, acute, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate 1/2 way up corolla tube. Anthers yellow, connate around style, included, 1.4mm long. Style bifurcate, just exserted beyond corolla lobes. Achene pubescent, .7mm long (in flower). Pappus of capillary bristles to 3.4mm long.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Prairies, fields, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - graminifolia means "grass-leaf" and indeed the leaves on this species are thin and long, much like grass blades. This species is most common in the northeastern 1/4 of Missouri but is scattered in counties through the upper 1/2 of the state.
Steyermark gives two varieties for the plant. Variety media (Greene) Harris, is pictured and described above. Variety nuttallii (Greene) Fern., has leaves which are typically pubescent and more broad than the previous variety.
0
0
文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +2m tall, erect, stout, terete, puberulent, to +/-1cm in diameter at the base, from slender rhizomes, typically branching in the apical 1/2, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile or on petioles to +/-2mm long, many on the stem, widest in the middle portion of the stem. Basal leaves absent at anthesis. Blades to 15cm long, +2cm broad, shallow serrate, pubescent abaxially, scabrous adaxially from antrorse strigillose hairs or glabrous, green above, lighter below, linear-lanceolate.
Inflorescence - Terminal pyramidal paniculate inflorescence of many branches and flower heads. Inflorescence to +15cm broad , +20cm tall. Flower heads secund in few to many-flowered axillary panicles on the inflorescence branches. Each small group subtended by a linear bract. Each flower head subtended by a minute subulate bract. Bracts, peduncles, and branches of the inflorescence pubescent. Peduncles of each flower head to 1mm long.
Involucre - To 3-5mm tall, 1-1.5mm broad, light-green, pale yellow, or whitish. Phyllaries imbricate, linear, glabrous, 1-2mm long, .5mm broad.
Ray flowers - +/-5 per head, yellow, pistillate. Ligule yellow, glabrous, to 2mm long, .5mm broad, notched at the apex. Corolla tube to 3mm long, translucent-yellow, with a few translucent hairs at the apex. Style yellowish, bifurcate for +/-1mm, +3mm long, glabrous. Pappus white, uniseriate, of capillary bristles, antrorse barbellate, +/-3mm long. Achenes (in flower) retrorse pubescent. Mature achenes not seen.
Disk flowers - Flowers 1-3 per head, yellow, 5-lobed. Lobes spreading, linear-ovate to subulate, +/-1mm long, glabrous, yellow. Corolla tube +2mm long, glabrous externally and internally, pale yellow to whitish. Style 1, yellow, glabrous, exserted, to +/-3mm long, mostly undivided. Stamens 5. Anthers small, included, reddish, -1mm long, -.3mm broad. Filaments translucent, glabrous, -2mm long, adnate at the base of the corolla tube. Pappus as in the ray flowers.
Flowering - August - November.
Habitat - Fallow fields, prairies, bottoms, rocky outcrops, open woods, thickets, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is one the most common species of goldenrod in Missouri. The plant grows quite large ("altissima" means "tall") and can be seen along nearly every roadside of the state in the fall.
This species is in the group of tall Goldenrods which includes other similar species like S. gigantea Ait. and S. canadensis L.. These species have no basal rosettes at anthesis and have leaves which are largest in the central portion of the stem but are typically all similar in size. The best way to differentiate these species is vegetatively and Justin Thomas has written an excellent key to the Solidago species based on vegetative characters only. You can acquire a copy of this key in the 2003 issue of Missouriensis, a publication of the Missouri Native Plant Society.
S. altissima can be identified by its pubescent stems, three-nerved leaves, pyramid-shaped inflorescences, and small flowerheads, which are only about 3-5mm tall.
Stems - To +2m tall, erect, stout, terete, puberulent, to +/-1cm in diameter at the base, from slender rhizomes, typically branching in the apical 1/2, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile or on petioles to +/-2mm long, many on the stem, widest in the middle portion of the stem. Basal leaves absent at anthesis. Blades to 15cm long, +2cm broad, shallow serrate, pubescent abaxially, scabrous adaxially from antrorse strigillose hairs or glabrous, green above, lighter below, linear-lanceolate.
Inflorescence - Terminal pyramidal paniculate inflorescence of many branches and flower heads. Inflorescence to +15cm broad , +20cm tall. Flower heads secund in few to many-flowered axillary panicles on the inflorescence branches. Each small group subtended by a linear bract. Each flower head subtended by a minute subulate bract. Bracts, peduncles, and branches of the inflorescence pubescent. Peduncles of each flower head to 1mm long.
Involucre - To 3-5mm tall, 1-1.5mm broad, light-green, pale yellow, or whitish. Phyllaries imbricate, linear, glabrous, 1-2mm long, .5mm broad.
Ray flowers - +/-5 per head, yellow, pistillate. Ligule yellow, glabrous, to 2mm long, .5mm broad, notched at the apex. Corolla tube to 3mm long, translucent-yellow, with a few translucent hairs at the apex. Style yellowish, bifurcate for +/-1mm, +3mm long, glabrous. Pappus white, uniseriate, of capillary bristles, antrorse barbellate, +/-3mm long. Achenes (in flower) retrorse pubescent. Mature achenes not seen.
Disk flowers - Flowers 1-3 per head, yellow, 5-lobed. Lobes spreading, linear-ovate to subulate, +/-1mm long, glabrous, yellow. Corolla tube +2mm long, glabrous externally and internally, pale yellow to whitish. Style 1, yellow, glabrous, exserted, to +/-3mm long, mostly undivided. Stamens 5. Anthers small, included, reddish, -1mm long, -.3mm broad. Filaments translucent, glabrous, -2mm long, adnate at the base of the corolla tube. Pappus as in the ray flowers.
Flowering - August - November.
Habitat - Fallow fields, prairies, bottoms, rocky outcrops, open woods, thickets, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is one the most common species of goldenrod in Missouri. The plant grows quite large ("altissima" means "tall") and can be seen along nearly every roadside of the state in the fall.
This species is in the group of tall Goldenrods which includes other similar species like S. gigantea Ait. and S. canadensis L.. These species have no basal rosettes at anthesis and have leaves which are largest in the central portion of the stem but are typically all similar in size. The best way to differentiate these species is vegetatively and Justin Thomas has written an excellent key to the Solidago species based on vegetative characters only. You can acquire a copy of this key in the 2003 issue of Missouriensis, a publication of the Missouri Native Plant Society.
S. altissima can be identified by its pubescent stems, three-nerved leaves, pyramid-shaped inflorescences, and small flowerheads, which are only about 3-5mm tall.
0
0
文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Family - Solanaceae
Stems - From thick taproot, to +30cm tall, herbaceous, erect, branching, multiple from base, with dense spines to +1cm long, stellate pubescent.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, (bi)pinnately lobed, spiny. Petiole to 9cm long, with spines. Blade to +12cm long, 10cm broad, stellate pubescent. Ultimate leaf divisions rounded.
Inflorescence - Racemes from side of stems to 15cm long. Peduncle spiny. Pedicels to +1cm long, spiny.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, -4cm broad, stellate pubescent externally, glabrous internally, funnelform, Margins of corolla undulate to slightly crisped. Stamens 5, adnate near base of corolla tube, 4 similar, 1 different. Filaments 2mm long, yellow, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 8mm long, connivent. Odd stamen to -1cm long, purplish-yellow, with flattened filament. Style yellow, glabrous, 1.7cm long, uncinate at apex. Ovary superior, glabrous (at least in upper half). Calyx tube to 2.5mm long, spiny, stellate pubescent, 5-lobed. Lobes to 8mm long, 2mm broad, linear, stellate pubescent. Fruit a globose berry surrounded by the accrescent calyx, to +1cm in diameter, many seeded.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Pastures, waste ground, rocky open ground, moist soils, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to the southwestern U.S., introduced into the midwest and further east.
Other info. - Nasty, nasty, nasty. This plant is not one to be handled or even stepped on. The spines are very dense, stiff, and sharp. The plant is just brutal. Identification in the field is easy, just touch it and you'll know what plant you have. It's actually quite nice to look at, just don't mess with it. This species is also somewhat toxic.
Stems - From thick taproot, to +30cm tall, herbaceous, erect, branching, multiple from base, with dense spines to +1cm long, stellate pubescent.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, (bi)pinnately lobed, spiny. Petiole to 9cm long, with spines. Blade to +12cm long, 10cm broad, stellate pubescent. Ultimate leaf divisions rounded.
Inflorescence - Racemes from side of stems to 15cm long. Peduncle spiny. Pedicels to +1cm long, spiny.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, -4cm broad, stellate pubescent externally, glabrous internally, funnelform, Margins of corolla undulate to slightly crisped. Stamens 5, adnate near base of corolla tube, 4 similar, 1 different. Filaments 2mm long, yellow, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 8mm long, connivent. Odd stamen to -1cm long, purplish-yellow, with flattened filament. Style yellow, glabrous, 1.7cm long, uncinate at apex. Ovary superior, glabrous (at least in upper half). Calyx tube to 2.5mm long, spiny, stellate pubescent, 5-lobed. Lobes to 8mm long, 2mm broad, linear, stellate pubescent. Fruit a globose berry surrounded by the accrescent calyx, to +1cm in diameter, many seeded.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Pastures, waste ground, rocky open ground, moist soils, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to the southwestern U.S., introduced into the midwest and further east.
Other info. - Nasty, nasty, nasty. This plant is not one to be handled or even stepped on. The spines are very dense, stiff, and sharp. The plant is just brutal. Identification in the field is easy, just touch it and you'll know what plant you have. It's actually quite nice to look at, just don't mess with it. This species is also somewhat toxic.
0
0
文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Family - Brassicaceae
Stems - To +1.2m tall, erect, herbaceous, from large taproot, typically branching above, pilose to hirsute.
Leaves - Alternate, lyrate-pinnatifid, reduced upward, pilose to hirsute, acute at apex. Lower leaves to 15cm long, 6cm broad. Lobes with coarse irregular teeth. terminal lobes of upper leaves typically hastate and truncate at base.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal racemes, greatly elongating in fruit to +30cm long (tall). Pedicels to 8mm long in flower, slightly longer in fruit, thin (-1mm in diameter), glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 4, free, clawed, yellow, glabrous. Claw to 3mm long. Limb to 3mm long and broad, rounded at apex. Stamens 6, 4 longer and 2 shorter, erect. Filaments to 3.5mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, -1mm long. Ovary green, terete, 3mm long. Stigma capitate. Style very short. Sepals 4, yellow, spreading, glabrous, linear to linear-oblong, free, 3.5mm long, 1.4mm broad, with small protrusion at apex and a single pilose hair arising from protrusion. Fruit a teret silique to 3cm long, 1mm in diameter, glabrous, with beak of persistent stigma and style.
Flowering - Late April - October.
Habitat - Disturbed sites, waste ground, thickets, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - Uncommon just 30 years ago, this plant is spreading quite quickly throughout the state. The bright straight racemes are easy to pick out along roadsides and railroads but are easily confused with other showy members of the family like Barbarea vulgaris. A closer look quickly differentiates the two.
Stems - To +1.2m tall, erect, herbaceous, from large taproot, typically branching above, pilose to hirsute.
Leaves - Alternate, lyrate-pinnatifid, reduced upward, pilose to hirsute, acute at apex. Lower leaves to 15cm long, 6cm broad. Lobes with coarse irregular teeth. terminal lobes of upper leaves typically hastate and truncate at base.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal racemes, greatly elongating in fruit to +30cm long (tall). Pedicels to 8mm long in flower, slightly longer in fruit, thin (-1mm in diameter), glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 4, free, clawed, yellow, glabrous. Claw to 3mm long. Limb to 3mm long and broad, rounded at apex. Stamens 6, 4 longer and 2 shorter, erect. Filaments to 3.5mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, -1mm long. Ovary green, terete, 3mm long. Stigma capitate. Style very short. Sepals 4, yellow, spreading, glabrous, linear to linear-oblong, free, 3.5mm long, 1.4mm broad, with small protrusion at apex and a single pilose hair arising from protrusion. Fruit a teret silique to 3cm long, 1mm in diameter, glabrous, with beak of persistent stigma and style.
Flowering - Late April - October.
Habitat - Disturbed sites, waste ground, thickets, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - Uncommon just 30 years ago, this plant is spreading quite quickly throughout the state. The bright straight racemes are easy to pick out along roadsides and railroads but are easily confused with other showy members of the family like Barbarea vulgaris. A closer look quickly differentiates the two.
0
0
文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +1m tall, simple to branching near apex, erect, herbaceous, hirsute to hispid-scabrous, from caudex and thick roots and rhizomes.
Leaves - Alternate, short petiolate below, sessile above. Blades lanceolate, to +15cm long, +4cm broad, coarse serrate, acute, scabrous and pubescent above, pubescent below. Upper leaves rounded at base. Lower leaves with leaf tissue tapering at base and creating a winged petiole. Teeth of margins with minute whitish apex.
Inflorescence - Terminal flower heads in a compact corymbiform cluster. Peduncles to +/-2cm long, hirsute to hispid.
Involucre - To +1cm tall, +1.5cm in diameter. Phyllaries imbricate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, to 1.5cm long, +6mm broad, spreading to recurved, pubescent to hispidulous.
Ray flowers - Fertile, typically 9 or 10. Ligules yellow, to 2.5cm long, 1cm broad, narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong, with small notch at apex, glabrous. Achenes compressed, winged, 5-6mm long, 3mm broad (in flower), mostly glabrous but with cilia on margins near apex, becoming black in fruit. Pappus absent.
Disk flowers - Disk yellow, +/-1.1cm in diameter. Flower staminate. Corolla tubes to 5-6mm long, yellow, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes glandular pubescent. Style yellow, undivided, well exserted. Achenes white, terete, glabrous, 5-6mm long. Pappus absent. Receptacle flat. Chaff 1cm long, 2mm broad, yellowish and acute at apex, pubescent above with some glandular hairs.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, glades, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant can be found in the southern-most counties of Missouri.
There is uncertainty about the taxonomy of this species and two others, S. radula and S. integrifolium, which all share common characteristics. Some authors wish to lump all three species under S. asteriscus, others do not. Further study of the complex is needed. Regardless of the name, this plant is part of a genus which looks similar to the sunflowers, genus Helianthus, but the sunflowers have bifurcate styles and plants of the genus Silphium do not. There are other differences between the two genus but the styles are a major characteristic to look for when trying to ID these plants in the field.
Stems - To +1m tall, simple to branching near apex, erect, herbaceous, hirsute to hispid-scabrous, from caudex and thick roots and rhizomes.
Leaves - Alternate, short petiolate below, sessile above. Blades lanceolate, to +15cm long, +4cm broad, coarse serrate, acute, scabrous and pubescent above, pubescent below. Upper leaves rounded at base. Lower leaves with leaf tissue tapering at base and creating a winged petiole. Teeth of margins with minute whitish apex.
Inflorescence - Terminal flower heads in a compact corymbiform cluster. Peduncles to +/-2cm long, hirsute to hispid.
Involucre - To +1cm tall, +1.5cm in diameter. Phyllaries imbricate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, to 1.5cm long, +6mm broad, spreading to recurved, pubescent to hispidulous.
Ray flowers - Fertile, typically 9 or 10. Ligules yellow, to 2.5cm long, 1cm broad, narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong, with small notch at apex, glabrous. Achenes compressed, winged, 5-6mm long, 3mm broad (in flower), mostly glabrous but with cilia on margins near apex, becoming black in fruit. Pappus absent.
Disk flowers - Disk yellow, +/-1.1cm in diameter. Flower staminate. Corolla tubes to 5-6mm long, yellow, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes glandular pubescent. Style yellow, undivided, well exserted. Achenes white, terete, glabrous, 5-6mm long. Pappus absent. Receptacle flat. Chaff 1cm long, 2mm broad, yellowish and acute at apex, pubescent above with some glandular hairs.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, glades, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant can be found in the southern-most counties of Missouri.
There is uncertainty about the taxonomy of this species and two others, S. radula and S. integrifolium, which all share common characteristics. Some authors wish to lump all three species under S. asteriscus, others do not. Further study of the complex is needed. Regardless of the name, this plant is part of a genus which looks similar to the sunflowers, genus Helianthus, but the sunflowers have bifurcate styles and plants of the genus Silphium do not. There are other differences between the two genus but the styles are a major characteristic to look for when trying to ID these plants in the field.
0
0
文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Multiple from base, to 40cm tall, from thick taproot, arachnoid pubescent when young, glabrescent when mature, branching, herbaceous, erect, purplish in strong sun, slightly ribbed, fistulose.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile to very short petiolate, auriculate and sub-clasping above, pinnately lobed (the lobes rounded at the apex), to +6cm long, 2.5cm broad, reduced upward, sparse arachnoid pubescent to glabrescent. Lobes typically serrate-dentate.
Inflorescence - Compact paniculate or corymbose clusters of many (10-20) flower heads terminating main stems. Peduncles of flower heads sometimes elongating in fruit to +3cm long. Leaves reduced to bracts and subtending each peduncle in the inflorescence.
Involucre - To 8-10mm long(tall), 5-6mm in diameter. Inner phyllaries uniseriate, to 8mm long, 1mm broad, acute to acuminate, sometimes with a black apex. Outer phyllaries short, 2-3mm long, acuminate, black-tipped. Phyllaries spreading in fruit.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Flowers yellow at the apex, pale basally, 5-lobed, glabrous, 5mm long, funnelform near the apex. Lobes rounded, erect to spreading, glabrous, .5mm long. Stamens 5, adnate near the apical 1/5 of the corolla tube, included to partially exserted. Anthers yellow-brown, connate around the style, -1mm long. Filaments white, glabrous, -1mm long. Style bifurcate, purplish at the apex (stigma), glabrous. Achenes brown at maturity, 3mm long, -1mm in diameter, linear, terete, 9-nerved, with short retrorse strigose pubescence. The pubescence situated in the grooves between the ribs, silvery-white. Pappus of numerous capillary bristles. Bristles barbellate, to +/-6mm long.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This little plant is becoming much more common in Missouri than in the past. The fruits are dispersed by the wind helping the plant to thrive and expand its range. This species is easy to identify in the field because of its pinnately lobed leaves, small but numerous flower heads, and purplish stems.
Some species in this genus are used medicinally but many contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which can be toxic.
Stems - Multiple from base, to 40cm tall, from thick taproot, arachnoid pubescent when young, glabrescent when mature, branching, herbaceous, erect, purplish in strong sun, slightly ribbed, fistulose.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile to very short petiolate, auriculate and sub-clasping above, pinnately lobed (the lobes rounded at the apex), to +6cm long, 2.5cm broad, reduced upward, sparse arachnoid pubescent to glabrescent. Lobes typically serrate-dentate.
Inflorescence - Compact paniculate or corymbose clusters of many (10-20) flower heads terminating main stems. Peduncles of flower heads sometimes elongating in fruit to +3cm long. Leaves reduced to bracts and subtending each peduncle in the inflorescence.
Involucre - To 8-10mm long(tall), 5-6mm in diameter. Inner phyllaries uniseriate, to 8mm long, 1mm broad, acute to acuminate, sometimes with a black apex. Outer phyllaries short, 2-3mm long, acuminate, black-tipped. Phyllaries spreading in fruit.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Flowers yellow at the apex, pale basally, 5-lobed, glabrous, 5mm long, funnelform near the apex. Lobes rounded, erect to spreading, glabrous, .5mm long. Stamens 5, adnate near the apical 1/5 of the corolla tube, included to partially exserted. Anthers yellow-brown, connate around the style, -1mm long. Filaments white, glabrous, -1mm long. Style bifurcate, purplish at the apex (stigma), glabrous. Achenes brown at maturity, 3mm long, -1mm in diameter, linear, terete, 9-nerved, with short retrorse strigose pubescence. The pubescence situated in the grooves between the ribs, silvery-white. Pappus of numerous capillary bristles. Bristles barbellate, to +/-6mm long.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This little plant is becoming much more common in Missouri than in the past. The fruits are dispersed by the wind helping the plant to thrive and expand its range. This species is easy to identify in the field because of its pinnately lobed leaves, small but numerous flower heads, and purplish stems.
Some species in this genus are used medicinally but many contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which can be toxic.
0
0
文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To 50cm tall, simple to branching near apex, fistulose, erect, with dense arachnoid pubescence below and also scattered along the stem and in the axils of the branches and leaves, with shallow ridges, from slightly thickened roots.
Leaves - Alternate. Basal leaves long petiolate. Petioles to +10cm long, densely arachnoid pubescent at base and less so above. Blade undivided, elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic-ovate, to 6.5cm long, 2.5cm broad, serrate, villosuous below to glabrous, thickened (subsucculent). Cauline leaves deeply divided (pinnatifid to bipinnatifid), petiolate below, becoming sessile above, densely arachnoid pubescent at base, with scattered arachnoid pubescence on rest of leaf or appearing glabrous on lobes, thickened (subsucculent). Lobes typically shallowly lobed again, entire.
Inflorescence - Numerous flower heads in a corymbiform cyme terminating stems. Branches of inflorescence with floccose-arachnoid pubescence in axils. Peduncles with minute linear bracts often subtending flower heads.
Involucre - Cylindrical, 6-7mm tall(long), 6-7mm in diameter, truncate at base. Phyllaries in a single series, connate for most of length, arachnoid pubescent at least at base, with scarious acuminate tips.
Ray flowers - Typically 13 per flower head, fertile. Ligules to 1cm long, 3mm broad, truncate or with a shallow notch at apex, orangish-yellow. Achenes densely clavate pubescent. Pappus of barbed capillary bristles to 5mm long.
Disk flowers - Disk to 8mm in diameter. Flowers fertile. Corollas orange-yellow, 5-lobed. Lobes acute. Achenes clavate pubescent. Pappus of numerous barbed capillary bristles. Receptacle flat.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Dry upland prairies, bluffs, rocky open woods, glades, loess hills.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout Missouri. It may be difficult to distinguish from some other species of Senecio but the dense arachnoid pubescence at the base of the stems and leaves and in the inflorescence is a good characteristic to look for. Also, the leaves will typically have some pubescence at least abaxially. The basal leaves are also undivided in this species.
Stems - To 50cm tall, simple to branching near apex, fistulose, erect, with dense arachnoid pubescence below and also scattered along the stem and in the axils of the branches and leaves, with shallow ridges, from slightly thickened roots.
Leaves - Alternate. Basal leaves long petiolate. Petioles to +10cm long, densely arachnoid pubescent at base and less so above. Blade undivided, elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic-ovate, to 6.5cm long, 2.5cm broad, serrate, villosuous below to glabrous, thickened (subsucculent). Cauline leaves deeply divided (pinnatifid to bipinnatifid), petiolate below, becoming sessile above, densely arachnoid pubescent at base, with scattered arachnoid pubescence on rest of leaf or appearing glabrous on lobes, thickened (subsucculent). Lobes typically shallowly lobed again, entire.
Inflorescence - Numerous flower heads in a corymbiform cyme terminating stems. Branches of inflorescence with floccose-arachnoid pubescence in axils. Peduncles with minute linear bracts often subtending flower heads.
Involucre - Cylindrical, 6-7mm tall(long), 6-7mm in diameter, truncate at base. Phyllaries in a single series, connate for most of length, arachnoid pubescent at least at base, with scarious acuminate tips.
Ray flowers - Typically 13 per flower head, fertile. Ligules to 1cm long, 3mm broad, truncate or with a shallow notch at apex, orangish-yellow. Achenes densely clavate pubescent. Pappus of barbed capillary bristles to 5mm long.
Disk flowers - Disk to 8mm in diameter. Flowers fertile. Corollas orange-yellow, 5-lobed. Lobes acute. Achenes clavate pubescent. Pappus of numerous barbed capillary bristles. Receptacle flat.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Dry upland prairies, bluffs, rocky open woods, glades, loess hills.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout Missouri. It may be difficult to distinguish from some other species of Senecio but the dense arachnoid pubescence at the base of the stems and leaves and in the inflorescence is a good characteristic to look for. Also, the leaves will typically have some pubescence at least abaxially. The basal leaves are also undivided in this species.
0
0
文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To 50cm tall, from fibrous roots, erect, herbaceous, with leafy offshoots, hollow, carinate, typically simple.
Leaves - Alternate. Basal leaves long-petiolate, purplish below. Petioles to +7cm long, winged from decurrent leaf tissue, typically glabrous but with some arachnoid pubescence at the base. Blade orbicular, serrate, 4cm in diameter, tapering the base to the winged petiole, glabrous. Cauline leaves sessile, pinnatifid, glabrous but with arachnoid pubescence at the base, silvery green below, dull green above, reduced to bracts in the apical portions of the stem. Divisions of the leaf cleft.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary corymbose arrangement of flower heads. Peduncles carinate, with axillary tufts of arachnoid pubescence and with arachnoid pubescence just below the involucre.
Involucre - Cylindrical, 5mm tall (long), 4-5mm in diameter. Phyllaries uniseriate, linear, 4mm long, 1mm broad, reddish at the apices, arachnoid pubescent externally, glabrous internally.
Ray flowers - Flowers pistillate, fertile. Ligules yellow, to +1cm long, 2.5-3mm broad, glabrous, with 2 teeth at apex, oblong-linear. Styles yellow. Pappus of white capillary bristles to 5mm long. Achene glabrous.
Disk flowers - Corolla white at the base, expanded and yellow at the apex, 5-lobed, glabrous, 5mm long. Lobes acute, spreading to recurved, .6-.7mm long. Stamens 5, adnate in the upper half of the corolla tube. Anthers connate around the style, 1.9mm long. Style bifurcate, yellow at the apex, included or slightly exserted. Pappus of capillary bristles. Bristles to 5mm long, white, uniseriate. Receptacle flat.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Rich and rocky woods, slopes, base of bluffs, borders of glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This common woodland species can be found in many areas of Missouri but seems to be absent from the extreme northwest and southeast corners of the state. The showy flower clusters are easy to spot against the floor of the woods.
This species grows well from seed and would make a good shade garden specimen.
A few of the plants in this genus look very much alike and it can take some practice to ID them in the field correctly.
Stems - To 50cm tall, from fibrous roots, erect, herbaceous, with leafy offshoots, hollow, carinate, typically simple.
Leaves - Alternate. Basal leaves long-petiolate, purplish below. Petioles to +7cm long, winged from decurrent leaf tissue, typically glabrous but with some arachnoid pubescence at the base. Blade orbicular, serrate, 4cm in diameter, tapering the base to the winged petiole, glabrous. Cauline leaves sessile, pinnatifid, glabrous but with arachnoid pubescence at the base, silvery green below, dull green above, reduced to bracts in the apical portions of the stem. Divisions of the leaf cleft.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary corymbose arrangement of flower heads. Peduncles carinate, with axillary tufts of arachnoid pubescence and with arachnoid pubescence just below the involucre.
Involucre - Cylindrical, 5mm tall (long), 4-5mm in diameter. Phyllaries uniseriate, linear, 4mm long, 1mm broad, reddish at the apices, arachnoid pubescent externally, glabrous internally.
Ray flowers - Flowers pistillate, fertile. Ligules yellow, to +1cm long, 2.5-3mm broad, glabrous, with 2 teeth at apex, oblong-linear. Styles yellow. Pappus of white capillary bristles to 5mm long. Achene glabrous.
Disk flowers - Corolla white at the base, expanded and yellow at the apex, 5-lobed, glabrous, 5mm long. Lobes acute, spreading to recurved, .6-.7mm long. Stamens 5, adnate in the upper half of the corolla tube. Anthers connate around the style, 1.9mm long. Style bifurcate, yellow at the apex, included or slightly exserted. Pappus of capillary bristles. Bristles to 5mm long, white, uniseriate. Receptacle flat.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Rich and rocky woods, slopes, base of bluffs, borders of glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This common woodland species can be found in many areas of Missouri but seems to be absent from the extreme northwest and southeast corners of the state. The showy flower clusters are easy to spot against the floor of the woods.
This species grows well from seed and would make a good shade garden specimen.
A few of the plants in this genus look very much alike and it can take some practice to ID them in the field correctly.
0
0
文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - From many fibrous roots, erect, herbaceous, carinate, hollow, glabrous, often purplish, +1cm in diameter, +1m tall, mostly simple except in the inflorescence, easily broken.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate basally, sessile above, pinnately divided. Lowest leaves to +20cm long, +5cm broad, with a shallow adaxial groove along the rachis, glabrous. Terminal division of the leaf rounded, shallow-coarse serrate, larger than the lateral divisions. Lateral leaf divisions opposite, spatulate, toothes as the termianl leaflet. Leaves reduced upward, few on the stem, with stipules. Stipules lobed.
Inflorescence - Terminal corymbiform cluster of flower heads to +/-20cm broad. Divisions of the inflorescence subtended by small attenuate bracts. Bracts with dense arachnoid pubescence at their bases adaxially, often purplish. Larger bracts clasping, with toothed margins. Peduncles and pedicels of the inflorescnece glabrous and carinate.
Involucre - 4-6mm long, 3-4mm in diameter, cupulate to (later) urceolate. Phyllaries uniseriate, glabrous, green, acute, linear, 4-5mm long, .8mm broad, united for most of their length.
Ray flowers - Flowers pistillate, +/-10 per head. Ligule yellow, glabrous, -1cm long, +/-2mm broad, 2-3-toothed at the apex. Corolla tube 4-5mm long, greenish-white, glabrous. Style glabrous, 5mm long, barely exserted, bifurcate in the apical -1mm, whitish basally, yellow apically. Pappus and achenes as in the disk flowers.
Disk flowers - Disk 4-5mm broad. Corolla tube 5mm long, glabrous, white in the basal 2/3, yellow in the apical 1/3, contracted in the basal 2/3, expanded in the apical 1/3, 5-lobed. Lobes erect to spreading, .8mm long, .5mm broad at the base, acute. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the contracted portion of the corolla tube, mostly included. Filaments glabrous, translucent, thin in the basal 2/3, expanded and whitish in the apical 1/3, 1-1.5mm long. Anthers yellow, connate around the style, -1.5mm long, partially exserted. Style 1, glabrous, to 6mm long, exserted just beyond the anthers, white basally, yellow apically, bifurcate in the apical 1mm. Pappus of white, uniseriate capillary bristles to 4mm long. Achene white in flower, glabrous, cylindrical, 1mm long. Achenes in fruit +/-2mm long at maturity, brown, 4-5-angled, glabrous or with retrorse hairs on the angles. Receptacle flat, naked.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Low wet ground along streams, pond margins, swamps, ditches, low fallow fields, wet woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species can be found throughout Missouri in nearly every county bordering a major riverway. The plant is very easy to identify becasue of its distinctive leaves, hollow, easily broken stems, and bright yellow flowers. It is a common weed of moist to wet fallow agricultural land.
Stems - From many fibrous roots, erect, herbaceous, carinate, hollow, glabrous, often purplish, +1cm in diameter, +1m tall, mostly simple except in the inflorescence, easily broken.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate basally, sessile above, pinnately divided. Lowest leaves to +20cm long, +5cm broad, with a shallow adaxial groove along the rachis, glabrous. Terminal division of the leaf rounded, shallow-coarse serrate, larger than the lateral divisions. Lateral leaf divisions opposite, spatulate, toothes as the termianl leaflet. Leaves reduced upward, few on the stem, with stipules. Stipules lobed.
Inflorescence - Terminal corymbiform cluster of flower heads to +/-20cm broad. Divisions of the inflorescence subtended by small attenuate bracts. Bracts with dense arachnoid pubescence at their bases adaxially, often purplish. Larger bracts clasping, with toothed margins. Peduncles and pedicels of the inflorescnece glabrous and carinate.
Involucre - 4-6mm long, 3-4mm in diameter, cupulate to (later) urceolate. Phyllaries uniseriate, glabrous, green, acute, linear, 4-5mm long, .8mm broad, united for most of their length.
Ray flowers - Flowers pistillate, +/-10 per head. Ligule yellow, glabrous, -1cm long, +/-2mm broad, 2-3-toothed at the apex. Corolla tube 4-5mm long, greenish-white, glabrous. Style glabrous, 5mm long, barely exserted, bifurcate in the apical -1mm, whitish basally, yellow apically. Pappus and achenes as in the disk flowers.
Disk flowers - Disk 4-5mm broad. Corolla tube 5mm long, glabrous, white in the basal 2/3, yellow in the apical 1/3, contracted in the basal 2/3, expanded in the apical 1/3, 5-lobed. Lobes erect to spreading, .8mm long, .5mm broad at the base, acute. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the contracted portion of the corolla tube, mostly included. Filaments glabrous, translucent, thin in the basal 2/3, expanded and whitish in the apical 1/3, 1-1.5mm long. Anthers yellow, connate around the style, -1.5mm long, partially exserted. Style 1, glabrous, to 6mm long, exserted just beyond the anthers, white basally, yellow apically, bifurcate in the apical 1mm. Pappus of white, uniseriate capillary bristles to 4mm long. Achene white in flower, glabrous, cylindrical, 1mm long. Achenes in fruit +/-2mm long at maturity, brown, 4-5-angled, glabrous or with retrorse hairs on the angles. Receptacle flat, naked.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Low wet ground along streams, pond margins, swamps, ditches, low fallow fields, wet woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species can be found throughout Missouri in nearly every county bordering a major riverway. The plant is very easy to identify becasue of its distinctive leaves, hollow, easily broken stems, and bright yellow flowers. It is a common weed of moist to wet fallow agricultural land.
0
0
文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Family - Brassicaceae
Stems - To 30cm tall, erect, glabrous, herbaceous, multiple from base, from taproot, fragrant.
Leaves - Mostly in a basal rosette, pinnately divided (pinnatifid), to +3.5cm long, 7mm broad. Divisions typically 3-lobed, glabrous, 13-14 pairs per leaf. Lobes acute.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate raceme, compact in flower, elongating in fruit to +7cm long. Pedicels to 2.5cm long(in flower), glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 4, yellow, glabrous, 1.3cm long, to 5mm broad at apex, spatulate to oblanceolate, emarginate at apex, glabrous. Stamens 6, erect, subtended by small green nectaries. Filaments to 6mm long, yellow, glabrous. Anthers 1.2mm long, yellow-orange. Ovary on small gynophore (to 1mm long), 3mm long, glabrous, green, narrowly ovoid. Style to -4mm long, greenish-yellow. Sepals 4, slightly gibbous at base, greenish at first but becoming yellow, glabrous, 5-6mm long, to 3mm broad, acute, entire. Silique erect, highly compressed, to +2cm long, +7mm broad, beaked by persistent style, glabrous, light green with darker margins.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Glades, rocky prairies, waste ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small, striking species can be found in a handful of west-central counties in the state. The plant can be found in large colonies and the brilliant yellow flowers light up their glade habitat. The plant is easy to I.D. in the field because of its pinnatifid leaves and striking flowers. S. aurea would make a magnificent garden subject in the right conditions were provided.
Stems - To 30cm tall, erect, glabrous, herbaceous, multiple from base, from taproot, fragrant.
Leaves - Mostly in a basal rosette, pinnately divided (pinnatifid), to +3.5cm long, 7mm broad. Divisions typically 3-lobed, glabrous, 13-14 pairs per leaf. Lobes acute.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate raceme, compact in flower, elongating in fruit to +7cm long. Pedicels to 2.5cm long(in flower), glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 4, yellow, glabrous, 1.3cm long, to 5mm broad at apex, spatulate to oblanceolate, emarginate at apex, glabrous. Stamens 6, erect, subtended by small green nectaries. Filaments to 6mm long, yellow, glabrous. Anthers 1.2mm long, yellow-orange. Ovary on small gynophore (to 1mm long), 3mm long, glabrous, green, narrowly ovoid. Style to -4mm long, greenish-yellow. Sepals 4, slightly gibbous at base, greenish at first but becoming yellow, glabrous, 5-6mm long, to 3mm broad, acute, entire. Silique erect, highly compressed, to +2cm long, +7mm broad, beaked by persistent style, glabrous, light green with darker margins.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Glades, rocky prairies, waste ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small, striking species can be found in a handful of west-central counties in the state. The plant can be found in large colonies and the brilliant yellow flowers light up their glade habitat. The plant is easy to I.D. in the field because of its pinnatifid leaves and striking flowers. S. aurea would make a magnificent garden subject in the right conditions were provided.
0
0
文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Erect, to +2m tall, branching, herbaceous, from fibrous roots, hirsute to strigose, reddish-green.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, sessile above, scabrous, strigose. Lower leaves 3-lobed, scabrous, to +/-15cm long, +/-10cm broad. Upper leaves becoming simple, coarse serrate, attenuate, wih ciliate margins, ovate to ovate-lanceolate. Tissue of leaves abruptly contracted at base and winging petiole.
Inflorescence - Loose cymose arrangement of single flower heads terminating stem branches.
Involucre - Phyllaries to +/-1cm long, 2.5mm broad at base, in single series, recurving, ciliate-margined, typically 8 in number, scabrous, pubescent to strigose.
Ray flowers - Ligule yellow, to +/-2cm long, 7mm broad, notched at apex, glabrous to sparse appressed pubescent below, glabrous above. Achenes to 1.1mm long in flower, glabrous, white, somewhat compressed. Pappus absent or a minute crown. Flowers sterile.
Disk flowers - Disk to 1.2cm in diameter. Corolla deep purple, 5-lobed. Corolla tube to 2.5mm long, glabrous. Lobes acute, .8mm long. Style bifurcate, deep purple. Achene 2mm long in flower, white, glabrous, 4-angled, black in fruit. Pappus absent or a minute crown. Receptacle conic. Chaff whitish below, deep purple at apex, glabrous, to 5.5mm long, acuminate.Flowering - June - November.
Habitat - Low wet woods, thickets, rocky slopes, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a tall, much-branched plant. The flowers are smaller than any other Rudbeckia in Missouri but the plant is still striking. It would do well in cultivation but it has a tendency to drop its leaves at anthesis and can look pretty ragged. A slightly moist soil will prevent this.
Our plants belong to var. triloba. A southeastern variety, var. pinnatiloba T.& G., has lower leaves with 5-7 lobes.
Stems - Erect, to +2m tall, branching, herbaceous, from fibrous roots, hirsute to strigose, reddish-green.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, sessile above, scabrous, strigose. Lower leaves 3-lobed, scabrous, to +/-15cm long, +/-10cm broad. Upper leaves becoming simple, coarse serrate, attenuate, wih ciliate margins, ovate to ovate-lanceolate. Tissue of leaves abruptly contracted at base and winging petiole.
Inflorescence - Loose cymose arrangement of single flower heads terminating stem branches.
Involucre - Phyllaries to +/-1cm long, 2.5mm broad at base, in single series, recurving, ciliate-margined, typically 8 in number, scabrous, pubescent to strigose.
Ray flowers - Ligule yellow, to +/-2cm long, 7mm broad, notched at apex, glabrous to sparse appressed pubescent below, glabrous above. Achenes to 1.1mm long in flower, glabrous, white, somewhat compressed. Pappus absent or a minute crown. Flowers sterile.
Disk flowers - Disk to 1.2cm in diameter. Corolla deep purple, 5-lobed. Corolla tube to 2.5mm long, glabrous. Lobes acute, .8mm long. Style bifurcate, deep purple. Achene 2mm long in flower, white, glabrous, 4-angled, black in fruit. Pappus absent or a minute crown. Receptacle conic. Chaff whitish below, deep purple at apex, glabrous, to 5.5mm long, acuminate.Flowering - June - November.
Habitat - Low wet woods, thickets, rocky slopes, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a tall, much-branched plant. The flowers are smaller than any other Rudbeckia in Missouri but the plant is still striking. It would do well in cultivation but it has a tendency to drop its leaves at anthesis and can look pretty ragged. A slightly moist soil will prevent this.
Our plants belong to var. triloba. A southeastern variety, var. pinnatiloba T.& G., has lower leaves with 5-7 lobes.
0
0
文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +1.2m tall, from thick rhizomes, carinate, tomentose, branching above, herbaceous, erect.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, 3-lobed (simple in upper-most portion of plant), subtomentose below, scabrous above. Lateral lobes smaller than terminal lobe, serrate, acute to acuminate. Terminal lobe serrate, lance-ovate, acuminate. Leaves thick and firm. Petioles subtomentose.
Inflorescence - Loose cymose arrangement of terminal flower heads. Peduncles tomentose. Each division of inflorescence subtended by foliaceous bract.
Involucre - Phyllaries tomentose, spreading, linear-subulate, in several series, to +/-1.2cm long, -3mm broad.
Ray flowers - Sterile. Ligule yellow, to 3.5cm long, 6-7mm broad, pubescent below, glabrous above. Achenes 3-angled, 1.2mm long. Pappus absent or a minute crown.
Disk flowers - Disk to 1.6cm in diameter. Corolla tube 2mm long, 5-lobed, glabrous, purplish-brown. Lobes acute, recurved to spreading. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube. Anthers connate around style, purplish-brown, 1.3mm long, slightly exserted from corolla. Style bifurcate, deep purple. Achene 2.2mm long (in flower), white, glabrous, 4-angled. Pappus absent or a minute crown. Receptacle conic. Chaff to 5mm long, purplish, pubescent at apex.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Prairies, low meadows, open slopes, streambanks, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a common plant throughout most of Missouri.The flowers are easily recognized as are the thick, rough, 3-lobed leaves.
Two forms of R. subtomentosa exist in Missouri. The form pictured above is form subtomentosa, which has purplish-brown disk flowers. Form craigii (Sherff) Fern. has yellow disk flowers and is rare.
This is NOT the plant typically called "Black-eyed Susan", that plant is the similar R. hirta L.
Stems - To +1.2m tall, from thick rhizomes, carinate, tomentose, branching above, herbaceous, erect.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, 3-lobed (simple in upper-most portion of plant), subtomentose below, scabrous above. Lateral lobes smaller than terminal lobe, serrate, acute to acuminate. Terminal lobe serrate, lance-ovate, acuminate. Leaves thick and firm. Petioles subtomentose.
Inflorescence - Loose cymose arrangement of terminal flower heads. Peduncles tomentose. Each division of inflorescence subtended by foliaceous bract.
Involucre - Phyllaries tomentose, spreading, linear-subulate, in several series, to +/-1.2cm long, -3mm broad.
Ray flowers - Sterile. Ligule yellow, to 3.5cm long, 6-7mm broad, pubescent below, glabrous above. Achenes 3-angled, 1.2mm long. Pappus absent or a minute crown.
Disk flowers - Disk to 1.6cm in diameter. Corolla tube 2mm long, 5-lobed, glabrous, purplish-brown. Lobes acute, recurved to spreading. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube. Anthers connate around style, purplish-brown, 1.3mm long, slightly exserted from corolla. Style bifurcate, deep purple. Achene 2.2mm long (in flower), white, glabrous, 4-angled. Pappus absent or a minute crown. Receptacle conic. Chaff to 5mm long, purplish, pubescent at apex.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Prairies, low meadows, open slopes, streambanks, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a common plant throughout most of Missouri.The flowers are easily recognized as are the thick, rough, 3-lobed leaves.
Two forms of R. subtomentosa exist in Missouri. The form pictured above is form subtomentosa, which has purplish-brown disk flowers. Form craigii (Sherff) Fern. has yellow disk flowers and is rare.
This is NOT the plant typically called "Black-eyed Susan", that plant is the similar R. hirta L.
0
0
文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +/-60cm tall, from a stout rhizome and thick-fleshy roots, hirsute, scabrous (the hairs with swollen bases), multiple from the base, erect, branching at the apex, slightly angled or not.
Leaves - 1st year leaves in a basal rosette. Leaves petiolate. Petioles very slightly winged, +/-5cm long. Blades linear-oblong to linear-spatulate, appearing entire but actually shallow serrate, with a single midrib and 2 prominent lateral veins arising near the base of the blade and becoming parallel with the midrib, pubescent as the stem, to 15cm long (with petiole), 1.4cm broad. Teeth of margins with a minute yellow or yellowish-green tip.
Inflorescence - Single pedunculate flower head terminating each stem. The peduncle hollow below the receptacle.
Involucre - Basically flat to cupulate, -2.5cm broad. Phyllaries imbricate, in 2-3 series, lanceolate, to +1cm long, 4mm broad, spreading, sparse pubescent internally, pubescent as the stem externally.
Ray flowers - 10-13 per flower head, sterile. Ligules yellow, pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, with a shallow notch at the apex, to 2.3cm long, 6-7mm broad. Achene (in flower) white, 3-sided, glabrous, 1.5mm long. Pappus absent.
Disk flowers - Disk to 1.5cm broad. Corollas glabrous 4-5mm long, white at the base, deep purplish brown above, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, to 1mm long, erect to spreading. Stamens 5, mostly included, adnate near the base of the corolla tube. Filaments compressed, 1.2mm long, translucent, with an obvious midvein. Anthers deep purplish-brown, -2mm long, connate at the base, surrounding the style. Style glabrous, slightly exserted, white basally, deep purplish brown at the apex, bifurcate. Achene (in flower) 4-sided, white, glabrous, 2mm long. Pappus absent. Receptacle conic. Chaff partially enclosing the disk flowers, to +5mm long, translucent but with purple margins near the apex, acute, glabrous or with a few hairs externally.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Glades, barrens, bald knobs, rocky prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a characteristic Missouri Ozark species. It is quite common in the habitats mentioned above and is therefore easy to identify in the field because of its habitat. Hundreds of plants can be found in an undisturbed area. This species grows on limestone substrata.
Stems - To +/-60cm tall, from a stout rhizome and thick-fleshy roots, hirsute, scabrous (the hairs with swollen bases), multiple from the base, erect, branching at the apex, slightly angled or not.
Leaves - 1st year leaves in a basal rosette. Leaves petiolate. Petioles very slightly winged, +/-5cm long. Blades linear-oblong to linear-spatulate, appearing entire but actually shallow serrate, with a single midrib and 2 prominent lateral veins arising near the base of the blade and becoming parallel with the midrib, pubescent as the stem, to 15cm long (with petiole), 1.4cm broad. Teeth of margins with a minute yellow or yellowish-green tip.
Inflorescence - Single pedunculate flower head terminating each stem. The peduncle hollow below the receptacle.
Involucre - Basically flat to cupulate, -2.5cm broad. Phyllaries imbricate, in 2-3 series, lanceolate, to +1cm long, 4mm broad, spreading, sparse pubescent internally, pubescent as the stem externally.
Ray flowers - 10-13 per flower head, sterile. Ligules yellow, pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, with a shallow notch at the apex, to 2.3cm long, 6-7mm broad. Achene (in flower) white, 3-sided, glabrous, 1.5mm long. Pappus absent.
Disk flowers - Disk to 1.5cm broad. Corollas glabrous 4-5mm long, white at the base, deep purplish brown above, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, to 1mm long, erect to spreading. Stamens 5, mostly included, adnate near the base of the corolla tube. Filaments compressed, 1.2mm long, translucent, with an obvious midvein. Anthers deep purplish-brown, -2mm long, connate at the base, surrounding the style. Style glabrous, slightly exserted, white basally, deep purplish brown at the apex, bifurcate. Achene (in flower) 4-sided, white, glabrous, 2mm long. Pappus absent. Receptacle conic. Chaff partially enclosing the disk flowers, to +5mm long, translucent but with purple margins near the apex, acute, glabrous or with a few hairs externally.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Glades, barrens, bald knobs, rocky prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a characteristic Missouri Ozark species. It is quite common in the habitats mentioned above and is therefore easy to identify in the field because of its habitat. Hundreds of plants can be found in an undisturbed area. This species grows on limestone substrata.
0
0
文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To 3m tall, from fibrous and fleshy roots, erect, branching, single or multiple from the base, slightly fragrant, glabrous, glaucous, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, reduced to bracts in inflorescence and often unlobed near the apex of the plant. Petioles to +10cm long, with a shallow adaxial groove. Blades deeply lobed (the lobes often divided again), to +/-25cm broad, +/-40cm long. Lobes serrate, deep green above, light green below, glabrous but the margins of the serrations often antrorse strigillose. The lateral venation splitting at the base of the sinuses.
Inflorescence - Loose cymose arrangement of terminal flowerheads, bracteate. Peduncles to 15cm long.
Involucre - Flat, to -3cm broad. Phyllaries unequal, some or all reflexed, linear oblong, in one or two series, to 1.5cm long, -6mm broad, acute, green, glabrous.
Ray flowers - +/-9 per flowerhead, sterile. Ligule yellow, antrorse appressed pubescent externally, glabrous internally, with a single notch at apex, oblong-elliptic, 1.3cm broad, +/-4cm long. Achenes 3mm long in flower, glabrous, angled.
Disk flowers - Disk to 2cm in diameter, conic to globose. Corolla yellow, glabrous, 5-lobed, -4mm long. Lobes erect, .6mm long, triangular. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the corolla tube. Filaments yellow, compressed, glabrous, 2mm long. Anthers deep purple, connate around the style, -2mm long, mostly exserted. Style exserted, bifurcate, the apices spreading, glabrous, pale yellow. Achenes in flower pinkish, 4-angled, 4mm long, glabrous, becoming deep purple to black and 5mm long in fruit. Receptacle cylindric. Chaff slightly enclosing the achenes, pubescent at the apex, whitish to whitish-green, 5mm long.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Rich low woods, streambanks, woodlands along lakes and sloughs, wet thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is common throughout Missouri. The plant gets quite large and produces many flowers. Some varieties of this species are cultivated frequently.
Traditionally the plant was used to treat indigestion, burns, and other ailments. The plant may be toxic if eaten in large quantities.
The species epithet "laciniata" means "torn" because of the divided nature of the leaves.
Stems - To 3m tall, from fibrous and fleshy roots, erect, branching, single or multiple from the base, slightly fragrant, glabrous, glaucous, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, reduced to bracts in inflorescence and often unlobed near the apex of the plant. Petioles to +10cm long, with a shallow adaxial groove. Blades deeply lobed (the lobes often divided again), to +/-25cm broad, +/-40cm long. Lobes serrate, deep green above, light green below, glabrous but the margins of the serrations often antrorse strigillose. The lateral venation splitting at the base of the sinuses.
Inflorescence - Loose cymose arrangement of terminal flowerheads, bracteate. Peduncles to 15cm long.
Involucre - Flat, to -3cm broad. Phyllaries unequal, some or all reflexed, linear oblong, in one or two series, to 1.5cm long, -6mm broad, acute, green, glabrous.
Ray flowers - +/-9 per flowerhead, sterile. Ligule yellow, antrorse appressed pubescent externally, glabrous internally, with a single notch at apex, oblong-elliptic, 1.3cm broad, +/-4cm long. Achenes 3mm long in flower, glabrous, angled.
Disk flowers - Disk to 2cm in diameter, conic to globose. Corolla yellow, glabrous, 5-lobed, -4mm long. Lobes erect, .6mm long, triangular. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the corolla tube. Filaments yellow, compressed, glabrous, 2mm long. Anthers deep purple, connate around the style, -2mm long, mostly exserted. Style exserted, bifurcate, the apices spreading, glabrous, pale yellow. Achenes in flower pinkish, 4-angled, 4mm long, glabrous, becoming deep purple to black and 5mm long in fruit. Receptacle cylindric. Chaff slightly enclosing the achenes, pubescent at the apex, whitish to whitish-green, 5mm long.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Rich low woods, streambanks, woodlands along lakes and sloughs, wet thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is common throughout Missouri. The plant gets quite large and produces many flowers. Some varieties of this species are cultivated frequently.
Traditionally the plant was used to treat indigestion, burns, and other ailments. The plant may be toxic if eaten in large quantities.
The species epithet "laciniata" means "torn" because of the divided nature of the leaves.
0
0
文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Multiple from base, erect, herbaceous, scabrous, hirsute to papillose-hispid (hairs with purple swollen bases), branching, carinate, to +1m tall.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate to sessile, serrate to subentire, hirsute to papillose-hispid, scabrous. Lowest leaves with long petioles. Blade to 15cm long, 5cm broad, lance-elliptic to broadly lanceolate or oblong, with tissue contracted in lower 1/5 of blade.. Upper leaves becoming sessile, linear-lanceolate.
Inflorescence - Single large flower head terminating stem, on long peduncle.
Involucre - Outer phyllaries reflexed, scabrous, hirsute to papillose-hispid, to 2.5cm long, 5-6mm broad, linear-oblong. Inner phyllaries smaller, spreading.
Ray flowers - Sterile. Ligule yellow, to +4cm long, 1cm broad, 3-toothed at apex, appressed pubescent below, glabrous above. Achene 2.1mm long, 1.3mm broad(in flower). Pappus absent.
Disk flowers - Disk to 1.8cm in diameter, broadly ovoid to hemispheric, flowers fertile. Disk corollas 4.5mm long, dark purple-brown at apex, 5-lobed. Lobes acute. Style brown, bifurcate (the divisions subulate-attenuate). Achenes black, 1.8mm long (in flower), glabrous, subterete to 4-angled. Pappus absent. Receptacle conic. Chaff to 7mm long, purplish-brown, pubescent at apex.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Open woods, thickets, waste ground, rocky prairies, meadows, pastures, slopes, roadsides, railroads, also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This hardy plant is extremely popular in cultivation and is very common in the wild. The species is classified as biennial but can grow as an annual also. It readily grows from seed. This species fairly closely resembles R. fulgida Ait. but the latter grows wild only in the southern 1/3 of the state and prefers moist to wet habitats. There are other differences between the two species also but habitat is really a good determining factor.
Stems - Multiple from base, erect, herbaceous, scabrous, hirsute to papillose-hispid (hairs with purple swollen bases), branching, carinate, to +1m tall.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate to sessile, serrate to subentire, hirsute to papillose-hispid, scabrous. Lowest leaves with long petioles. Blade to 15cm long, 5cm broad, lance-elliptic to broadly lanceolate or oblong, with tissue contracted in lower 1/5 of blade.. Upper leaves becoming sessile, linear-lanceolate.
Inflorescence - Single large flower head terminating stem, on long peduncle.
Involucre - Outer phyllaries reflexed, scabrous, hirsute to papillose-hispid, to 2.5cm long, 5-6mm broad, linear-oblong. Inner phyllaries smaller, spreading.
Ray flowers - Sterile. Ligule yellow, to +4cm long, 1cm broad, 3-toothed at apex, appressed pubescent below, glabrous above. Achene 2.1mm long, 1.3mm broad(in flower). Pappus absent.
Disk flowers - Disk to 1.8cm in diameter, broadly ovoid to hemispheric, flowers fertile. Disk corollas 4.5mm long, dark purple-brown at apex, 5-lobed. Lobes acute. Style brown, bifurcate (the divisions subulate-attenuate). Achenes black, 1.8mm long (in flower), glabrous, subterete to 4-angled. Pappus absent. Receptacle conic. Chaff to 7mm long, purplish-brown, pubescent at apex.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Open woods, thickets, waste ground, rocky prairies, meadows, pastures, slopes, roadsides, railroads, also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This hardy plant is extremely popular in cultivation and is very common in the wild. The species is classified as biennial but can grow as an annual also. It readily grows from seed. This species fairly closely resembles R. fulgida Ait. but the latter grows wild only in the southern 1/3 of the state and prefers moist to wet habitats. There are other differences between the two species also but habitat is really a good determining factor.
0
0
