文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月08日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +1m tall ,erect, herbaceous, from taproot, fistulose, purplish, glabrous, glaucous, with milky sap, single or multiple from base, branching, often carinate.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, clasping, auriculate, with undulate spiny margins, deep shiny green above, glaucous below. Lowest leaves obovate to spatulate or somewhat lyrate-pinnatifid, to +15cm long. Upper leaves reduced, becoming ovate-lanceolate. Auricles spiny but round at the apex.
Inflorescence - Terminal loose corymbiform cluster. Cluster subtended by foliaceous bracts. Peduncles long, glaucous, occasionally with sparse glandular pubescence but typically glabrous. Small scarious bracts usually present at the divisions of the inflorescence or somewhere on the peduncles.
Involucre - To 1.5cm tall(long), +/-1cm in diameter at base, vase-shaped. Phyllaries imbricate. Outer phyllaries with small prickles at apex, shorter than inner phyllaries. Inner phyllaries in 3 or 4 series, to 1.5cm long, glabrous, innermost with scarious margins or completely scarious, linear.
Ray flowers - Perfect, fertile. Flower heads to 2.7cm broad. Ligules to 6mm long, 1.5mm broad, 4-notched at apex, yellow. Corolla tube pubescent, 1cm long, white. Style bifurcate, pubescent. Achenes slightly flattened, ovoid to narrowly so, to 3mm long, 1.1mm broad, with 3 nerves on each side(6 total), glabrous. Pappus of numerous capillary bristles to 9mm long, white. Receptacle slightly concave in flower.
Disk flowers - Absent.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - Because of the long pappus of the fruits, this plant can spread easily and quickly, and spread it has! This introduced weed can be found over much of the U.S. and continues to spread. The prickly leaves and big taproot make the plant difficult at best to remove from the ground. The milky sap is very sticky. A closely related species, S. oleraceus L. is also common and looks quite similar. The difference in the two plants lies in that S. oleraceus has leaf auricles which come to an acute point, those of S. aspera are always rounded. The lower leaves of S. oleraceus are nearly always deeply lyrate-pinnatifid. S. oleraceus is a much less stout species also which can be handled easily without injury to the person doing the handling.
Stems - To +1m tall ,erect, herbaceous, from taproot, fistulose, purplish, glabrous, glaucous, with milky sap, single or multiple from base, branching, often carinate.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, clasping, auriculate, with undulate spiny margins, deep shiny green above, glaucous below. Lowest leaves obovate to spatulate or somewhat lyrate-pinnatifid, to +15cm long. Upper leaves reduced, becoming ovate-lanceolate. Auricles spiny but round at the apex.
Inflorescence - Terminal loose corymbiform cluster. Cluster subtended by foliaceous bracts. Peduncles long, glaucous, occasionally with sparse glandular pubescence but typically glabrous. Small scarious bracts usually present at the divisions of the inflorescence or somewhere on the peduncles.
Involucre - To 1.5cm tall(long), +/-1cm in diameter at base, vase-shaped. Phyllaries imbricate. Outer phyllaries with small prickles at apex, shorter than inner phyllaries. Inner phyllaries in 3 or 4 series, to 1.5cm long, glabrous, innermost with scarious margins or completely scarious, linear.
Ray flowers - Perfect, fertile. Flower heads to 2.7cm broad. Ligules to 6mm long, 1.5mm broad, 4-notched at apex, yellow. Corolla tube pubescent, 1cm long, white. Style bifurcate, pubescent. Achenes slightly flattened, ovoid to narrowly so, to 3mm long, 1.1mm broad, with 3 nerves on each side(6 total), glabrous. Pappus of numerous capillary bristles to 9mm long, white. Receptacle slightly concave in flower.
Disk flowers - Absent.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - Because of the long pappus of the fruits, this plant can spread easily and quickly, and spread it has! This introduced weed can be found over much of the U.S. and continues to spread. The prickly leaves and big taproot make the plant difficult at best to remove from the ground. The milky sap is very sticky. A closely related species, S. oleraceus L. is also common and looks quite similar. The difference in the two plants lies in that S. oleraceus has leaf auricles which come to an acute point, those of S. aspera are always rounded. The lower leaves of S. oleraceus are nearly always deeply lyrate-pinnatifid. S. oleraceus is a much less stout species also which can be handled easily without injury to the person doing the handling.
0
0
文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月08日
Many cacti can be successful houseplants. All are succulent plants, and they have two basic kinds of growth. Forest cacti are epiphytes that grow in trees and have flattened, green, leafy-looking stems with few or no spines. Desert cacti, those of dry, hot climates, have thick stems and usually many spines. They can be globular, cylindrical, columnar or have paddle-shaped stems. An indoor forest cactus requires care different from the care an indoor desert cactus needs.
Growing Medium
All cacti require very good drainage, but the growing medium they need varies. A forest cactus such as Christmas cactus (Schlumbergera truncata), which is hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 10 through 12, needs open, well-aerated soil that is rich in organic matter. A suitable growing medium for it contains 1 part commercial potting mix, 1 part perlite and 2 parts peat moss. A basic mixture for a spiny, desert cactus ensures good drainage and a high mineral content. Mix 1 part coarse sand, 5 parts perlite and 4 parts of a good-quality soilless potting mix for the spiny, desert cactus. Use pots with bottom drainage holes, and avoid overpotting by using a pot size 1 or 2 inches larger than its plant's diameter.
Water Needs
Perhaps the least understood part of cactus care is proper watering. All kinds of cacti are susceptible to rot if their roots are constantly wet, but they still need regular watering while growing in spring and summer. Allow an indoor forest cactus' growing medium surface to dry before watering it, and allow a desert cactus' top 1 to 2 inches of growing medium to dry before you water it. When you water the growing medium, do so thoroughly, to the point water runs out the pot's bottom drainage holes. If the plant is in a sunny site and in a small pot, it may need water every few days. Reduce watering in fall and winter, perhaps to every few weeks. If a saucer is under your cactus' pot, don't allow water to sit in it.
Light Requirements
Forest cacti require bright, indirect light and can scorch in direct sunlight. Desert cacti tolerate full sun to partial shade, depending on the species. Most densely spined cacti grow best in full sun, with their many spines providing built-in shade. Keep a sun-loving desert cactus in front of a window that faces west, south or east so the plant receives some direct sunlight every day. If the desert cactus has grown in partial shade, expose it gradually to sunlight or else it can receive a sunburn.
Fertilizer and Pruning
A cactus needs fertilizer regularly during its growing season, and a fertilizer low in nitrogen and high in phosphorus promotes blooming. Use a water-soluble fertilizer such as 15-30-15 at about one-half strength once each month from April to September. Mix 1 1/2 teaspoon of that fertilizer in 1 gallon of water, and water your cactus' growing medium with the mixture until it flows from the pot's bottom drainage holes.
A cactus can be pruned to remove pads, offsets or branches to keep it a certain size or to propagate it. Use pruning shears that were disinfected with a cloth dipped in rubbing alcohol to prevent plant diseases, and use disinfected kitchen tongs to handle a spiny cactus.
Winter Dormancy Temperature
Many desert cacti need a dormant period during winter to grow and bloom well the next year. In late fall, place a dormant desert cactus in an area such as an unheated porch or bedroom that is about 45 to 55 degrees Fahrenheit. The location should have light conditions similar to those the plant is accustomed. Although many cacti are hardy outdoors year-round in USDA zones 9 through 11, hardiness varies greatly among cacti species. For instance, prickly pear (Opuntia spp.) is hardy in USDA zones 3b through 11.
Diseases and Pests
Most problems associated with houseplant cacti result from overwatering, which causes fungal and bacterial rots. Prevent those issues by using well-draining soil mixes and appropriate watering practices. Sometimes cacti are infested with insects such as scales and mealybugs. Those insects are brown to white, lay flat on a plant's surface and feed on the plant's sap. As soon as you observe insects on your indoor cactus, remove them by using a cotton swab that was dipped in rubbing alcohol.
Growing Medium
All cacti require very good drainage, but the growing medium they need varies. A forest cactus such as Christmas cactus (Schlumbergera truncata), which is hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 10 through 12, needs open, well-aerated soil that is rich in organic matter. A suitable growing medium for it contains 1 part commercial potting mix, 1 part perlite and 2 parts peat moss. A basic mixture for a spiny, desert cactus ensures good drainage and a high mineral content. Mix 1 part coarse sand, 5 parts perlite and 4 parts of a good-quality soilless potting mix for the spiny, desert cactus. Use pots with bottom drainage holes, and avoid overpotting by using a pot size 1 or 2 inches larger than its plant's diameter.
Water Needs
Perhaps the least understood part of cactus care is proper watering. All kinds of cacti are susceptible to rot if their roots are constantly wet, but they still need regular watering while growing in spring and summer. Allow an indoor forest cactus' growing medium surface to dry before watering it, and allow a desert cactus' top 1 to 2 inches of growing medium to dry before you water it. When you water the growing medium, do so thoroughly, to the point water runs out the pot's bottom drainage holes. If the plant is in a sunny site and in a small pot, it may need water every few days. Reduce watering in fall and winter, perhaps to every few weeks. If a saucer is under your cactus' pot, don't allow water to sit in it.
Light Requirements
Forest cacti require bright, indirect light and can scorch in direct sunlight. Desert cacti tolerate full sun to partial shade, depending on the species. Most densely spined cacti grow best in full sun, with their many spines providing built-in shade. Keep a sun-loving desert cactus in front of a window that faces west, south or east so the plant receives some direct sunlight every day. If the desert cactus has grown in partial shade, expose it gradually to sunlight or else it can receive a sunburn.
Fertilizer and Pruning
A cactus needs fertilizer regularly during its growing season, and a fertilizer low in nitrogen and high in phosphorus promotes blooming. Use a water-soluble fertilizer such as 15-30-15 at about one-half strength once each month from April to September. Mix 1 1/2 teaspoon of that fertilizer in 1 gallon of water, and water your cactus' growing medium with the mixture until it flows from the pot's bottom drainage holes.
A cactus can be pruned to remove pads, offsets or branches to keep it a certain size or to propagate it. Use pruning shears that were disinfected with a cloth dipped in rubbing alcohol to prevent plant diseases, and use disinfected kitchen tongs to handle a spiny cactus.
Winter Dormancy Temperature
Many desert cacti need a dormant period during winter to grow and bloom well the next year. In late fall, place a dormant desert cactus in an area such as an unheated porch or bedroom that is about 45 to 55 degrees Fahrenheit. The location should have light conditions similar to those the plant is accustomed. Although many cacti are hardy outdoors year-round in USDA zones 9 through 11, hardiness varies greatly among cacti species. For instance, prickly pear (Opuntia spp.) is hardy in USDA zones 3b through 11.
Diseases and Pests
Most problems associated with houseplant cacti result from overwatering, which causes fungal and bacterial rots. Prevent those issues by using well-draining soil mixes and appropriate watering practices. Sometimes cacti are infested with insects such as scales and mealybugs. Those insects are brown to white, lay flat on a plant's surface and feed on the plant's sap. As soon as you observe insects on your indoor cactus, remove them by using a cotton swab that was dipped in rubbing alcohol.
1
0
文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月08日
Succulents are often exotic-looking plants with thick, fleshy leaves and stems designed to store water and help the plants thrive in warm, dry areas. Succulents grow throughout the world and include such diverse plants as jade (Crassula argentea), which grows as a perennial outdoors in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 10 through 11, and greenii hens and chicks (Sempervivum tectorum subspecies greenii), which is hardy in USDA zones 4 through 9. Although certain succulents must be moved indoors during the winter months in some U.S. locations, many thrive outdoors in even very cold temperatures when they receive proper care.
Plant Winter-Hardy Varieties
Choose winter-hardy succulents for the easiest winter care. Those plants include greenii hens and chicks, hardy ice plant (Delosperma cooperi, USDA zones 5 through 11) and 'Golden Sword' yucca (Yucca filamentosa 'Golden Sword', USDA zones 4 through 9). Although these succulents may wither or change color during cold weather, that is normal, and you will not have to provide them with winter protection.
Keep the Soil Dry
In northern U.S. states, succulents need far less water during the winter months than they do in summer. Stop fertilizing and watering succulents in late fall to prevent hydrated plants from freezing during winter. During cold months, keep their soil as dry as possible, and ensure your succulents receive enough air circulation to prevent dampness. If the soil around your succulents appears wet, then add sand to the soil to keep the plants' roots dry. A mixture that is one-third loam, one-third sand and one-third peat moss is reliable.
Protect Them from Frost
If freezing temperatures are expected, cover the succulents with fabric, such as an old bed sheet, or with a frost cloth, which is available from plant nurseries. Completely cover the succulents with the material, and place cinder blocks or other heavy objects on the material's edges to keep it in place. Avoid using a plastic cover, which prevents air circulation and makes sunlight too intense for plants.
As soon as the danger of frost passes, remove the material to encourage air circulation and provide sunlight.
Relocate Them as Needed
If your succulents are in pots, then place them in the most ideal conditions possible for cold weather. For example, put the potted plants in a sunny location under a porch or eaves if winters in your area are rainy. If temperatures become cooler than normal, place the container succulents near boulders, shrubs or walls that face south or west; those structures and plants retain heat.
Another option is to move potted succulents indoors to help them thrive during frosty weeks or months. Place them in front of a bright, sunny window, and water their soil to prevent the plants from withering; water thoroughly, until water comes out the pots' bottom drain holes. Allow the soil to dry out completely before you water again.
Do not fertilize the succulents during the winter months.
Plant Winter-Hardy Varieties
Choose winter-hardy succulents for the easiest winter care. Those plants include greenii hens and chicks, hardy ice plant (Delosperma cooperi, USDA zones 5 through 11) and 'Golden Sword' yucca (Yucca filamentosa 'Golden Sword', USDA zones 4 through 9). Although these succulents may wither or change color during cold weather, that is normal, and you will not have to provide them with winter protection.
Keep the Soil Dry
In northern U.S. states, succulents need far less water during the winter months than they do in summer. Stop fertilizing and watering succulents in late fall to prevent hydrated plants from freezing during winter. During cold months, keep their soil as dry as possible, and ensure your succulents receive enough air circulation to prevent dampness. If the soil around your succulents appears wet, then add sand to the soil to keep the plants' roots dry. A mixture that is one-third loam, one-third sand and one-third peat moss is reliable.
Protect Them from Frost
If freezing temperatures are expected, cover the succulents with fabric, such as an old bed sheet, or with a frost cloth, which is available from plant nurseries. Completely cover the succulents with the material, and place cinder blocks or other heavy objects on the material's edges to keep it in place. Avoid using a plastic cover, which prevents air circulation and makes sunlight too intense for plants.
As soon as the danger of frost passes, remove the material to encourage air circulation and provide sunlight.
Relocate Them as Needed
If your succulents are in pots, then place them in the most ideal conditions possible for cold weather. For example, put the potted plants in a sunny location under a porch or eaves if winters in your area are rainy. If temperatures become cooler than normal, place the container succulents near boulders, shrubs or walls that face south or west; those structures and plants retain heat.
Another option is to move potted succulents indoors to help them thrive during frosty weeks or months. Place them in front of a bright, sunny window, and water their soil to prevent the plants from withering; water thoroughly, until water comes out the pots' bottom drain holes. Allow the soil to dry out completely before you water again.
Do not fertilize the succulents during the winter months.
3
4
文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月08日
Cacti are angiosperms. Although cacti grow slowly, their life cycles are the same as for any other flowering plant. Cacti reproduce sexually through flower and seed production, or asexually by the fragmentation and rooting of stems.
Germination
Cactus seeds are often distributed by birds, which are attracted to the fruit. Germination occurs in the presence of sufficient water and warm temperatures.
Vegetative Growth
After seed germination it can take several months for the basic barrel shape of the cactus seedling to become visible. It takes five to 10 years for small species to reach flowering size.
Flowering
If there has been sufficient rainfall, flowering occurs in most species during the spring, once temperatures are warm enough.
Pollination
Most cacti are self-sterile, requiring pollen from a different individual plant. Depending on the cactus species, bees, wasps, beetles, butterflies, moths, birds and bats can pollinate cactus flowers.
Fruit Formation
Cactus fruits are seed-filled berries. They form at the base of the flowers and are often brightly colored and sweet to attract birds.
Forced Flowering
In cultivation, cactus plants can sometimes be induced to flower by keeping them in a dark place for up to six weeks and then providing light and water.
0
0
文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月08日
Most Florida cactus plants produce flat stems and no leaves. However, they have characteristics that distinguish them from one another. The prickly pear cactus, for instance, produces flowers while a Christmas cactus might drop berries. Others, like the triangle cactus, only bloom at night. Florida's warm climate is the home to different species of cactus, some of which you can find in nurseries for home growth.
Christmas cactus.
The Christmas cactus is a rain forest native that needs more moisture and shade than desert cacti. This plant doesn't have leaves, but it produces flowers that bloom at the tip of flat stems that look like foliage. It grows in soil that's rich and moist. It does well as a container plant.
Prickly pear cactus.
Prickly pear is an edible cactus with nine species native to Florida, devil's tongue being one. This cactus grows 18 inches tall with a wide spread. Its flat stems look like leaves and produce 3 inch long spines, as well as smaller ones called "glochids." The bright yellow prickly pear flowers bloom one at a time for several weeks, each lasting only one day.
Close up of triangle cactus.
Triangle cactus grows in Florida, producing a large night-blooming flower that attracts hummingbird moths. Spines sprout from the cactus' leaf-like stems. The plant also produces an edible sweet red fruit. Triangle cactus tolerates freezing temperatures down to 20 degrees F.
Night blooming Cereus flower.
This climbing cactus has no spines and produces large fragrant flowers that bloom for a night in the summer. According to the Cornell University Cooperative Extension Service, night-blooming cereus needs little care to thrive and will spread like a vine up to 40 feet long. To control its propagation, it's best to grow it in a container.
0
0
文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月08日
Succulent plants tend to have tough leaves and stems rarely troubled by pests. Insects, however, sometimes infest new growth and can cause long-term disfigurement. Small black insects on succulent plants could be aphids or ants associated with them, or hempitera bugs. Indoor potted succulents can also host sciarid flies in their soil.
Aphids
Black aphids or blackfly infest the young leaves and flower shoots of succulents. They are small, soft-bodied insects up to 1/16 inch long and form colonies. Treat aphids with a spray based on insecticidal soap. Clemson University horticulture specialist Janet McLeod Scott advises testing any chemical on a small section of your plant and leaving it for 48 hours to make sure it is not toxic.
Ants
Ants do not damage succulents but may visit them to feed on the nectar in flowers. Ants also feed on a sweet substance produced by aphids and in return, tend aphid colonies and protect them from predators. Remove ants from succulents by treating the aphids that attract them.
Sciarid Flies
Sciarid flies or soil midges are tiny flying insects that live in damp soil and leaf litter. They are not common around succulents because they favor damp soil but can be a nuisance around indoor succulents. Sciarid fly larvae occasionally feed on the roots and lower stems of succulent plants. Treat sciarid flies by allowing the soil around your succulents to dry out and by avoiding peat-based composts.
Hemiptera Bugs
Hemiptera bugs are small, mobile insects with sucking mouthparts. Several species feed on succulents such as yuccas and cacti. Among them, Hesperolabops gelastop has a reddish colored head and blackish body. It lives in small groups on the upper surfaces of succulent leaves and causes pale blotches up to 1/2 inch across. Some yucca plants have Halticotoma bugs infestations, according to Texas A&M University professor Bastiaan M. Drees. They are 1/4 inch long with dark-gray bodies. Halticotoma bugs live in groups and scatter quickly when disturbed. Treat hemiptera bugs with a systemic insecticide containing dinotefuran or imidacloprid, applied in the spring.
0
0
文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月08日
Cacti are fleshy, succulent plants that mostly come from the American continent. They store water in their stems that they use sparingly, and therefore, rarely need watering. They acquire water from their extensive, fibrous root systems that draw moisture from the soil through exceptional suction pressure. Cacti are flowering plants that differ greatly in shape and size. Spines, which are cacti's most notable feature, also vary greatly, with some species have long, brightly colored spines and others having short, sparse spines.
Rainforest Cacti
While the majority of cactus species are found in the hot, arid desert, a few species exist in rainforests. Orchid cacti have flat stems that resemble leaves and big bright flowers that vary in color. Holiday cacti bloom small flowers from long branching stems at Easter, Thanksgiving and Christmas. Rainforest cacti prefer cooler, shadier, wetter conditions than desert cacti.
Prickly Pear Cacti
Prickly pear cacti encompasses the largest genus with over 300 species growing in a wide range of regions from Canada to Argentina. They have flat, paddle-like stems with spines that can be short or long. Prickly pear cacti flower in a variety of colors that are large and wide and bear edible fruits. Light, nutrient-rich soil keeps prickly pear cacti happy, as well as a bright, warm area.
Columnar Cacti
Columnar cacti have tall, narrow, cylindrical-shaped stems with vertical ribs. Spike density, size and flowering varies with each species. As with other arid cacti, columnar cacti prefer dry, warm, bright conditions and little moisture.
Barrel Cacti
Barrel cacti are cylindrical, resembling the shape of barrels native to the American Southwest and high limestone altitudes of Mexico. They have strong, colorful, showy spines and flowers, and can grow up to 10 feet tall. They prefer loamy, slightly acidic soil and a warm sunny location. Barrel cacti also grow very slow and don't need much fertilizing.
Hedgehog Cacti
Hedgehog cacti get their name from their globular shapes that are densely covered in spines that make them resemble hedgehogs. Native to Mexico and the southwestern U.S., they have cup-shaped flowers that, unlike other cacti, don't close up at night. Hedgehog cacti like sunny, warm areas and are sensitive to moisture and should only be watered from the bottom.
Pincushion Cacti
The majority of pincushion cacti are found in Mexico, but also grow in other parts of Central America and areas of the U.S. This small, ball-like cactus puts on a magnificent display of star-shaped flowers and has a thick coat of spines. Pincushion cacti are tolerant of a variety of different soils and prefer dry conditions.
1
0
文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月08日
Succulent plants have thick, fleshy leaves that store water. Some varieties flower while others only produce attractive foliage and stems. Most succulents thrive in dry conditions because too much moisture can cause the plants to rot. Rocky soil that drains quickly works well for most succulent varieties. You can grow them indoors in a dish filled with gravel, which provides adequate moisture drainage, although some soil is still necessary to provide nutrients and a medium for the succulent roots.
Step 1
Fill a 3- to 5-inch-deep pot or dish with a one inch layer of gravel. Use a dish with no bottom drainage holes.
Step 2
Sprinkle a tablespoon of powdered activated charcoal over the top of the gravel layer. Charcoal prevents odors from developing in the moisture trapped within the the gravel layer.
Step 3
Place a peat-based potting soil on top the gravel, filling the dish to within 1/2 inch of the rim. Alternatively, make your own mix by combining two parts peat with one part compost.
Step 4
Water the soil layer until it is evenly moistened throughout. Stick your finger into the soil mixture to judge the moisture level.
Step 5
Plant the succulents in the potting soil. Set them so their roots are buried to the same depth. Spacing requirements depend on the specific plant type, but generally a 2- to 4-inch spacing is sufficient.
Step 6
Water the succulents when the potting soil layer is completely dry. Provide only enough moisture to slightly dampen the soil. The excess moisture drains into the gravel bed beneath the soil.
0
1
文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月08日
Fusarium crown rot disease is a serious problem that can affect a wide range of plant species, both annual and perennial alike. It rots the roots and crown of a plant and can lead to wilting and discoloration on the stems and leaves. There is no chemical fusarium crown rot treatment, and it can cause stunted growth and even eventual death. There are steps you can take toward fusarium crown rot control, however, that include prevention, isolation and sanitation.
Keep reading to learn more about fusarium crown rot disease and fusarium crown rot treatment. Fusarium Crown Rot Control Many of the symptoms of fusarium crown rot disease take place, unfortunately, underground. There are, however, signs that affect the above-ground part of the plant, too. The leaves may become wilted and take on a yellowed, scorched appearance.
Also brown, dead lesions or streaks may appear on the lower part of the stem. Usually, by the time fusarium is visible above ground, its spread is pretty extensive below ground. It can also be seen in bulbs that are shriveled or rotten. Never plant these bulbs – they may be harboring the fusarium fungus and planting them could introduce it to otherwise healthy soil.
Treating Fusarium Rot in Plants Once fusarium is in the soil, it can live there for years. The best way to prevent it is to keep the soil well drained and to plant cultivars that are resistant to the disease. If it has already appeared, the best method of treating fusarium rot is removing and destroying affected plants. You can sterilize soil by moistening it and laying down clear plastic sheeting. Leave the sheeting in place for four to six weeks during the summer – the intensified heat of the sun should kill the fungus living in the soil. You can also leave an infected area unplanted for four years – without plants to grow on, the fungus will eventually die.
Keep reading to learn more about fusarium crown rot disease and fusarium crown rot treatment. Fusarium Crown Rot Control Many of the symptoms of fusarium crown rot disease take place, unfortunately, underground. There are, however, signs that affect the above-ground part of the plant, too. The leaves may become wilted and take on a yellowed, scorched appearance.
Also brown, dead lesions or streaks may appear on the lower part of the stem. Usually, by the time fusarium is visible above ground, its spread is pretty extensive below ground. It can also be seen in bulbs that are shriveled or rotten. Never plant these bulbs – they may be harboring the fusarium fungus and planting them could introduce it to otherwise healthy soil.
Treating Fusarium Rot in Plants Once fusarium is in the soil, it can live there for years. The best way to prevent it is to keep the soil well drained and to plant cultivars that are resistant to the disease. If it has already appeared, the best method of treating fusarium rot is removing and destroying affected plants. You can sterilize soil by moistening it and laying down clear plastic sheeting. Leave the sheeting in place for four to six weeks during the summer – the intensified heat of the sun should kill the fungus living in the soil. You can also leave an infected area unplanted for four years – without plants to grow on, the fungus will eventually die.
0
0
文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月07日
Canna
Cannas bring tropical splendor to gardens in all regions. These bold plants feature clustered, flaglike blooms in a brilliant color array on tall stems. Recent flower breeding has created canna foliage that is even showier than the petals, with variegated leaf combinations of orange, yellow, and greens that glow in the summer sun. Dwarf cannas are also available for container gardening and other small spaces. Cannas are usually grown from tuberous roots but some newer varieties can also be raised from seed, with flowering guaranteed for the first year.
Cannas provide architectural interest in summer borders and they also flourish along the damp margins of a pond. If you garden in a climate colder than Zone 9 (7 for the hardier types of cannas), you'll need to dig canna plants up and store them bareroot for the next season or overwinter potted specimens indoors. A destructive mottling virus has threatened canna stock in nurseries across the U.S., so be sure to buy your plants from a reputable source.
LIGHT:Part Sun, Shade, Sun
TYPE:Bulb
HEIGHT:From 1 to 8 feet
WIDTH:To 3 feet wide
FLOWER COLOR:Orange, Pink, Red, White, Yellow
FOLIAGE COLOR:Purple/Burgundy
SEASONAL FEATURES:Summer Bloom
PROBLEM SOLVERS:Deer Resistant, Good For Privacy, Groundcover, Slope/Erosion Control
SPECIAL FEATURES:Attracts Birds, Fragrance, Good for Containers, Low Maintenance
ZONES:9-11
0
1
文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
This low spreading annual plant has sprawling stems that gradually harden and become rigid, hence its scientific specific name rigida. The flowers of Rayless Chamomile are usually yellow, sometimes flushed with pink, and the stems and leaves of the plant are slightly hairy.
Distribution
Found in the eastern Mediterranean region of Europe, Anthemis rigida is particularly common in Crete but is also often found in Greece and Cyprus.
Habitat and Blooming Times
Rayless Chamomile grows in rocky, stony or sandy places, and although occasionally found inland it is most common in coastal areas. This member of the Daisy family, asteraceae (formerly known as the compositae) blooms from February through until May.
Taxonomy
Anthemis, the genus name, comes from the Greek anthemon, meaning flower, and indicates that this plant produces many flowers. The specific epithet rigida implies, just as it sounds, that the flower stems eventually become hard and rigid.
Distribution
Found in the eastern Mediterranean region of Europe, Anthemis rigida is particularly common in Crete but is also often found in Greece and Cyprus.
Habitat and Blooming Times
Rayless Chamomile grows in rocky, stony or sandy places, and although occasionally found inland it is most common in coastal areas. This member of the Daisy family, asteraceae (formerly known as the compositae) blooms from February through until May.
Taxonomy
Anthemis, the genus name, comes from the Greek anthemon, meaning flower, and indicates that this plant produces many flowers. The specific epithet rigida implies, just as it sounds, that the flower stems eventually become hard and rigid.
0
0
文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
Ramsons, or Wild Garlic as it is sometimes (correctly) called, advertises its presence by its very strong odour, especially if stems are crushed.
Identification
Plants of Ramsons typically have two or three leaves up to 4cm wide and 30cm long. Bulbs form from the base of a leaf stalk. Umbels of garlic-scented white flowers produce capsules that contain the seeds, but reproduction is mainly vegetative rather than via the seeds. The flowers, 1.5 to 2cm across, are star-like and have six white tepals (three petals and three sepals), and they have stamens shorter than the perianth. The triangular-section stems and strong garlic-like odour are helpful features distinguishing young Ramsons plants from those of the seriously poisonous Lily-of-the-Valley.
Distribution
Allium ursinum is common and widespread throughout Britain and Ireland as well as on mainland central and northern Europe. It is recorded also from parts of Asia.
Habitat
Ramsons carpets woodland floors and roadside verges in damp shady places.
Blooming Times
The first few flowers may appear towards the end of March or in early April, but May and early June are when this striking wildflower is at its best in Britain.
Uses
Ramsons, a relative of the cultivated Leek, is an edible plant and has been used in cooking for hundreds of years. It has a more delicate flavour than the garlic cloves with which we are more familiar. Whether Ramsons deters vampires is uncertain, but Ramsons certainly exists!
Identification
Plants of Ramsons typically have two or three leaves up to 4cm wide and 30cm long. Bulbs form from the base of a leaf stalk. Umbels of garlic-scented white flowers produce capsules that contain the seeds, but reproduction is mainly vegetative rather than via the seeds. The flowers, 1.5 to 2cm across, are star-like and have six white tepals (three petals and three sepals), and they have stamens shorter than the perianth. The triangular-section stems and strong garlic-like odour are helpful features distinguishing young Ramsons plants from those of the seriously poisonous Lily-of-the-Valley.
Distribution
Allium ursinum is common and widespread throughout Britain and Ireland as well as on mainland central and northern Europe. It is recorded also from parts of Asia.
Habitat
Ramsons carpets woodland floors and roadside verges in damp shady places.
Blooming Times
The first few flowers may appear towards the end of March or in early April, but May and early June are when this striking wildflower is at its best in Britain.
Uses
Ramsons, a relative of the cultivated Leek, is an edible plant and has been used in cooking for hundreds of years. It has a more delicate flavour than the garlic cloves with which we are more familiar. Whether Ramsons deters vampires is uncertain, but Ramsons certainly exists!
0
0
文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
By the time Wild Leek is in full bloom, its leaves are very likely to have shriveled and become unrecognisable. Fortunately, however, the flowers are quite distinctive.
Identification
From bulbs up to 3cm in diameter, round stems, known as scapes, grow to typically 50cm but exceptionally to well over a metre in height. Each scape carries an umbel of typically 100 but occasionally up to 500 deeply-cupped flowers.
The individual flowers are up to 6mm in diameter with white, pink or reddish tepals. The anthers are often yellow but sometimes purple.
Distribution
In Britain and Ireland this lovely wildflower is rare and restricted to the coastal areas of the south west of England and the West of Ireland. This relative of Wild Garlic is common in the Iberian Peninsula and throughout the Mediterranean region.
Together with all other Allium species and several other related groups, this wildflower was until recently classified as a member of the Lily family (liliaceae), but recent taxonomic revisions now place it in the family Asparagaceae.
Habitat
Wild Leek colonises sandy edges of fields and coastal paths, but these plants can also be found on fallow farmland further inland.
Blooming Times
Depending on location Wild Leek blooms from May until July.
At first the inflorescence appears in an almost perfect globe, but as the flowers age they droop forming the rather attractive waterfall effect seen in the picture on the left.
Uses
It is widely believed that cultivated leeks were derived from this species.
Identification
From bulbs up to 3cm in diameter, round stems, known as scapes, grow to typically 50cm but exceptionally to well over a metre in height. Each scape carries an umbel of typically 100 but occasionally up to 500 deeply-cupped flowers.
The individual flowers are up to 6mm in diameter with white, pink or reddish tepals. The anthers are often yellow but sometimes purple.
Distribution
In Britain and Ireland this lovely wildflower is rare and restricted to the coastal areas of the south west of England and the West of Ireland. This relative of Wild Garlic is common in the Iberian Peninsula and throughout the Mediterranean region.
Together with all other Allium species and several other related groups, this wildflower was until recently classified as a member of the Lily family (liliaceae), but recent taxonomic revisions now place it in the family Asparagaceae.
Habitat
Wild Leek colonises sandy edges of fields and coastal paths, but these plants can also be found on fallow farmland further inland.
Blooming Times
Depending on location Wild Leek blooms from May until July.
At first the inflorescence appears in an almost perfect globe, but as the flowers age they droop forming the rather attractive waterfall effect seen in the picture on the left.
Uses
It is widely believed that cultivated leeks were derived from this species.
0
0
文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
Also known as Garlic Mustard, this biennial spring wildflower smells remarkably like garlic when the stems are crushed.
Identification
The elongated heart-shaped stalked leaves are 5 to 8cm long (excluding the stalks) and bright yellowish green in early spring, darkening somewhat as the year advances; they are toothed and look like stinging nettles. In their second year the plants grow to 30cm to 120cm tall.
The white flowers appear in small clusters in spring and early summer. As with other members of the Cabbage family (Brassicaceae) each flower has four petals; they are oblong and 4 to 8mm long by 2 to 3mm wide. The fruit (seedpod) is a slender upright four-sided silique some 4 to 5.5cm long and containing two rows of black seeds that are released once the pod dries out and splits open.
Distribution
Alliaria petiolata is widespread and common throughout Britain and Ireland, and is found throughout Mainland Europe and in Africa and India. In North America it is an invasive alien plant.
Habitat
Appropriately named, this is a plant of hedgerows, but in shaded places you will also find it lining the banks of ditches and streams.
Blooming Times
The best of the flowers of Garlic Mustard or Jack-by-the-Hedge appear in April and early May, but you can occasionally find a few blooms right through until August.
Uses
Jack-by-the-Hedge is edible and, if collected when young, the leaves make an excellent addition to salads, sauces and other dishes.
Identification
The elongated heart-shaped stalked leaves are 5 to 8cm long (excluding the stalks) and bright yellowish green in early spring, darkening somewhat as the year advances; they are toothed and look like stinging nettles. In their second year the plants grow to 30cm to 120cm tall.
The white flowers appear in small clusters in spring and early summer. As with other members of the Cabbage family (Brassicaceae) each flower has four petals; they are oblong and 4 to 8mm long by 2 to 3mm wide. The fruit (seedpod) is a slender upright four-sided silique some 4 to 5.5cm long and containing two rows of black seeds that are released once the pod dries out and splits open.
Distribution
Alliaria petiolata is widespread and common throughout Britain and Ireland, and is found throughout Mainland Europe and in Africa and India. In North America it is an invasive alien plant.
Habitat
Appropriately named, this is a plant of hedgerows, but in shaded places you will also find it lining the banks of ditches and streams.
Blooming Times
The best of the flowers of Garlic Mustard or Jack-by-the-Hedge appear in April and early May, but you can occasionally find a few blooms right through until August.
Uses
Jack-by-the-Hedge is edible and, if collected when young, the leaves make an excellent addition to salads, sauces and other dishes.
0
0
文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
A bronze tint to the upper leaves is a distinctive feature that helps separate Bugle from most other members of the Mint family.
Identification
Stems have a square cross section, hairy on just two opposing sides; they bear pairs of opposite oval leaves that are unstalked apart from a basal rosette of leaves which have short stalks. The blue-violet flowers are typically 1.5cm long and have a pattern of veins on the lower lip.
Bugle can grow up to 20cm tall but is often little more than half that height. The plants propagate mainly by growing surface runners (which are known as stolons) that root at intervals along their length.
Distribution
Unlike its close relative Pyramidal Bugle Ajuga pyramidalis, this plant is common throughout Britain and Ireland and is found also across much of mainland Europe.
Habitat
Bugle prefers heavy, wet soils and forms large, dense mats in favoured locations. This attractive low creeping perennial wildflower thrives on woodland edges and in damp grassland.
Blooming Times
In Britain the first flowers usually appear in April, and Bugle continues blooming until late June or early July. The lips of the flowers are veined with darker blue.
Uses
Although Bugle has been used in herbal remedies to stem bleeding, it is more important as a source of nectar for butterflies including the Pearl-bordered Fritillary Boloria euphrosyne, the Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary Boloria selene, the Dark Green Fritillary Argynnis aglaja, and the High Brown Fritillary Fabriciana adippe.
Identification
Stems have a square cross section, hairy on just two opposing sides; they bear pairs of opposite oval leaves that are unstalked apart from a basal rosette of leaves which have short stalks. The blue-violet flowers are typically 1.5cm long and have a pattern of veins on the lower lip.
Bugle can grow up to 20cm tall but is often little more than half that height. The plants propagate mainly by growing surface runners (which are known as stolons) that root at intervals along their length.
Distribution
Unlike its close relative Pyramidal Bugle Ajuga pyramidalis, this plant is common throughout Britain and Ireland and is found also across much of mainland Europe.
Habitat
Bugle prefers heavy, wet soils and forms large, dense mats in favoured locations. This attractive low creeping perennial wildflower thrives on woodland edges and in damp grassland.
Blooming Times
In Britain the first flowers usually appear in April, and Bugle continues blooming until late June or early July. The lips of the flowers are veined with darker blue.
Uses
Although Bugle has been used in herbal remedies to stem bleeding, it is more important as a source of nectar for butterflies including the Pearl-bordered Fritillary Boloria euphrosyne, the Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary Boloria selene, the Dark Green Fritillary Argynnis aglaja, and the High Brown Fritillary Fabriciana adippe.
0
0
