文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Family - Cyperaceae
Stems - Flowering stems to +/-40cm tall, erect, sharply 3-angled, glabrous, light bluish-green, often glaucous, typically single from the base, from creeping rhizomes.
Leaves - Alternate, sheathing, to +/-10cm long, 3-7mm broad, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Staminate spikes superior to the pistillate, to 4cm long, -5mm in diameter. Pistillate spikes on short stalks or sessile, to +/-3cm long, 5-9mm in diameter, with 8-30 fruits.
Flowers - Perigynia light green to yellowish or brownish, plump, widest above the middle (obovate), +/-4mm long, -3mm broad, with a slightly bent beak. Styles 3, withering in fruit.
Flowering - March - June.
Habitat - Limestone and dolomite glades, bluffs, upland prairies, openings of dry upland forests, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Although this species can be found throughout much of Missouri, it is most common in the Ozark region where it is a characteristic glade and dry upland species. The plant is easy to identify because of its habitat, its light green-blue stems, and its long rhizomes. The plump, light-colored fruits are another good character to use for identification. The plant is sometimes found in more mesic areas and will grow taller and less erect than in the dry locations.
Stems - Flowering stems to +/-40cm tall, erect, sharply 3-angled, glabrous, light bluish-green, often glaucous, typically single from the base, from creeping rhizomes.
Leaves - Alternate, sheathing, to +/-10cm long, 3-7mm broad, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Staminate spikes superior to the pistillate, to 4cm long, -5mm in diameter. Pistillate spikes on short stalks or sessile, to +/-3cm long, 5-9mm in diameter, with 8-30 fruits.
Flowers - Perigynia light green to yellowish or brownish, plump, widest above the middle (obovate), +/-4mm long, -3mm broad, with a slightly bent beak. Styles 3, withering in fruit.
Flowering - March - June.
Habitat - Limestone and dolomite glades, bluffs, upland prairies, openings of dry upland forests, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Although this species can be found throughout much of Missouri, it is most common in the Ozark region where it is a characteristic glade and dry upland species. The plant is easy to identify because of its habitat, its light green-blue stems, and its long rhizomes. The plump, light-colored fruits are another good character to use for identification. The plant is sometimes found in more mesic areas and will grow taller and less erect than in the dry locations.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Family - Dryopteridaceae
Stems - Rhizomes horizontal, prostrate, with long fibrous roots, compact, sometimes branched. Scales of rhizomes brownish-orange, ovate to linear-lanceolate. Leaves terminating rhizome.
Leaves - To 75cm long, slightly dimorphic, pinnate. Pinnae sub-opposite near base, becoming alternate, serrate (the teeth mucronate), to +5cm long, +1cm broad, lanceolate, typically with a single acute auricle at the base, deep green and glabrous adaxially, lighter green and with tan scaly hairs abaxially. Pinnae of the upper 1/3 of leaf reduced, fertile. Rachis densely scaly (especially at the base). Scales tan, becoming hair-like near apex of leaf. Petiolule of pinnae short, to .5mm long.
Sori - Circular, ferruginous, almost completely covering the abaxial surface of the fertile pinnae. Indusia circular, peltate, to 1.5mm in diameter, scarious. Spores 64 per sporangium.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Wooded slopes, in mesic and dry-mesic forests.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri and is probably the most common fern seen in the state. The leaves recline near the end of the year but remain green throughout the winter. The common name, "Christmas Fern", is so given because the plant stays green all year and because the pinnae resemble small Christmas stockings.
American Indians used the rhizomes of the plant to make a tea for chills, fevers, pneumonia, and to induce vomiting.
Stems - Rhizomes horizontal, prostrate, with long fibrous roots, compact, sometimes branched. Scales of rhizomes brownish-orange, ovate to linear-lanceolate. Leaves terminating rhizome.
Leaves - To 75cm long, slightly dimorphic, pinnate. Pinnae sub-opposite near base, becoming alternate, serrate (the teeth mucronate), to +5cm long, +1cm broad, lanceolate, typically with a single acute auricle at the base, deep green and glabrous adaxially, lighter green and with tan scaly hairs abaxially. Pinnae of the upper 1/3 of leaf reduced, fertile. Rachis densely scaly (especially at the base). Scales tan, becoming hair-like near apex of leaf. Petiolule of pinnae short, to .5mm long.
Sori - Circular, ferruginous, almost completely covering the abaxial surface of the fertile pinnae. Indusia circular, peltate, to 1.5mm in diameter, scarious. Spores 64 per sporangium.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Wooded slopes, in mesic and dry-mesic forests.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri and is probably the most common fern seen in the state. The leaves recline near the end of the year but remain green throughout the winter. The common name, "Christmas Fern", is so given because the plant stays green all year and because the pinnae resemble small Christmas stockings.
American Indians used the rhizomes of the plant to make a tea for chills, fevers, pneumonia, and to induce vomiting.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Family - Pteridaceae
Stems - Rhizomes compact, scaly. The scales ferruginous, linear.
Leaves - Leaves to 50cm long but often seen much shorter. Rachis deep purplish-brown, densely pubescent (mostly at the base). The hairs ferruginous and curling. Base of hairs often pustulate. Pinnae opposite, with petiolules (except for terminal pinna), the lowest often 1-2 times divided, +/-3cm long, hastate or linear to oblong (depending on fertility), deep green and glabrous adaxially, light green-blue abaxially with a few hairs on the midrib. Margins distinctly revolute and creating a false indusium for the sporangia. Sporangia many, marginal, brown, -.2mm in diameter when coiled, with +/-20(32) spores.
Flowering - Spores produced June - September.
Habitat - Crevices of limestone and dolomite outcrops, bluffs, boulders, and sinkholes. Sometimes in dry soils adjacent to dolomite glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small species can be found scattered throughout much of Missouri but is most common in the Ozark region of the state. The plant is almost always found growing from rock crevices. This is an easy species to ID because of its habitat and its distinctive look. Nothing else in our flora resembles it. The pinnae of the fertile leaves are much more long and thin than those of the sterile leaves.
Stems - Rhizomes compact, scaly. The scales ferruginous, linear.
Leaves - Leaves to 50cm long but often seen much shorter. Rachis deep purplish-brown, densely pubescent (mostly at the base). The hairs ferruginous and curling. Base of hairs often pustulate. Pinnae opposite, with petiolules (except for terminal pinna), the lowest often 1-2 times divided, +/-3cm long, hastate or linear to oblong (depending on fertility), deep green and glabrous adaxially, light green-blue abaxially with a few hairs on the midrib. Margins distinctly revolute and creating a false indusium for the sporangia. Sporangia many, marginal, brown, -.2mm in diameter when coiled, with +/-20(32) spores.
Flowering - Spores produced June - September.
Habitat - Crevices of limestone and dolomite outcrops, bluffs, boulders, and sinkholes. Sometimes in dry soils adjacent to dolomite glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small species can be found scattered throughout much of Missouri but is most common in the Ozark region of the state. The plant is almost always found growing from rock crevices. This is an easy species to ID because of its habitat and its distinctive look. Nothing else in our flora resembles it. The pinnae of the fertile leaves are much more long and thin than those of the sterile leaves.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Family - Dryopteridaceae
Stems - Rhizomes scaly, horizontal, with fibrous roots, densely reddish-yellow pubescent, 3-4mm in diameter. Scales typically 5-6mm long.
Leaves - From 1-5cm behind the tip of the rhizome, densely clustered, narrowly lanceolate to oblong in outline, to +/-30cm long, 5-6cm broad. Petioles long (+/-15cm), darker brown at the base, greenish apically, with an adaxial groove, when cut transversely 2 vascular bundles are noticeable. Leaves 1-2 pinnate. Pinnae mostly alternate, at right angles to the rachis, typically bipinnatifid, glabrous, serrate.
Inflorescence - Sori originating from the lateral veins on the pinnae, globular, .3mm in diameter. The indusia originating from one side of the sorus, glabrous, small. Typically +/-15 sporangia per sorus.
Flowering - Spores produced April - July.
Habitat - Mesic and bottomland forests, rich soils of slopes, ravine bottoms, streambanks, sinkhole bottoms.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This springtime fern can be found throughout Missouri in the habitats mentioned above. It is the only member of its genus in Missouri to not grow from rock ledges or crevices. The plant typically wilts once the daytime temperatures start to really rise but plants can persist until late summer.
Stems - Rhizomes scaly, horizontal, with fibrous roots, densely reddish-yellow pubescent, 3-4mm in diameter. Scales typically 5-6mm long.
Leaves - From 1-5cm behind the tip of the rhizome, densely clustered, narrowly lanceolate to oblong in outline, to +/-30cm long, 5-6cm broad. Petioles long (+/-15cm), darker brown at the base, greenish apically, with an adaxial groove, when cut transversely 2 vascular bundles are noticeable. Leaves 1-2 pinnate. Pinnae mostly alternate, at right angles to the rachis, typically bipinnatifid, glabrous, serrate.
Inflorescence - Sori originating from the lateral veins on the pinnae, globular, .3mm in diameter. The indusia originating from one side of the sorus, glabrous, small. Typically +/-15 sporangia per sorus.
Flowering - Spores produced April - July.
Habitat - Mesic and bottomland forests, rich soils of slopes, ravine bottoms, streambanks, sinkhole bottoms.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This springtime fern can be found throughout Missouri in the habitats mentioned above. It is the only member of its genus in Missouri to not grow from rock ledges or crevices. The plant typically wilts once the daytime temperatures start to really rise but plants can persist until late summer.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Family - Aspleniaceae
Stems - Short scaly rhizomes, dark brown. With fibrous, dark roots.
Leaves - To 10cm long, pinnately divided twice or three times, green, glabrous. Pinnae alternate, 1-3cm long. Pinnules spatulate, erose or just toothed at the apical margin.
Inflorescence - Sori one to many on the abaxial surface of the pinnae, linear. Indusium attached along one side of the sori.
Flowers - No flowers produced. Sporangia black, with 32 spores each.
Flowering - Spores produced May - September.
Habitat - Dolomite and limestone bluffs, in cracks and holes in the rock.
Origin - Native to U.S. and Europe.
Other info. - This neat little fern can be found in the southeastern Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is very easy to ID in the field as nothing else looks like it and it has a very limited habitat. The species is, however, rarely seen by casual observers as it grows along high bluffs and on rocky outcrops.
This is a small plant which would look great in a shaded limestone rock garden.
Stems - Short scaly rhizomes, dark brown. With fibrous, dark roots.
Leaves - To 10cm long, pinnately divided twice or three times, green, glabrous. Pinnae alternate, 1-3cm long. Pinnules spatulate, erose or just toothed at the apical margin.
Inflorescence - Sori one to many on the abaxial surface of the pinnae, linear. Indusium attached along one side of the sori.
Flowers - No flowers produced. Sporangia black, with 32 spores each.
Flowering - Spores produced May - September.
Habitat - Dolomite and limestone bluffs, in cracks and holes in the rock.
Origin - Native to U.S. and Europe.
Other info. - This neat little fern can be found in the southeastern Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is very easy to ID in the field as nothing else looks like it and it has a very limited habitat. The species is, however, rarely seen by casual observers as it grows along high bluffs and on rocky outcrops.
This is a small plant which would look great in a shaded limestone rock garden.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - Multiple from the base, scrambling to erect, mostly unbranched, angled, carinate, pubescent (sometimes sparsely), to +1m long, hollow, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, sessile, even-pinnate, to +10cm long, terminated by a branching tendril. Stipules of the lower leaves acute to acuminate, with one or two serrate teeth and a few ciliate hairs, with pointed basal auricles (auricles with ciliate margins), to 1cm long. The stipules each with a translucent spot in the middle. This spot is pubescent abaxially (use a lens to see this). Stipules of the upper leaves ovate to oblong, acuminate, smaller than those of the basal leaves (to 5mm long), mostly entire, purplish, with a translucent spot which is pubescent abaxially. Rachis of the leaves pubescent. Leaflets subopposite to alternate, with petiolules to 1mm long. Leaflets of lower leaves elliptic, truncate at the apex, mucronate, 2-3 pairs per leaf, to +/-2cm long, 1cm broad. Leaflets of the upper leaves linear to linear-oblong, truncate to emarginate at the apex, mucronate, to +2cm long, 5-7mm broad, sparse pubescent above, pubescent to sericeous below, entire, 5-6 pairs per leaf.
Inflorescence - Paired axillary flowers from the upper stems, sometimes in 3's. Pedicels pubescent, 2-3mm long.
Flowers - Corolla lilac to pale yellow. Standard to 3cm long, +/-2cm broad, glabrous. Wing petals adnate to the keel petals in the middle. Keel petals purplish at the apex. All petals glabrous. Stamens diadelphous, the stamen tube glabrous, -1cm long. Style distinctly upcurved, with floccose hairs at the apex, 3-4mm long. Ovary green, somewhat compressed, puberulent. Calyx tube oblique at the base, pubescent externally, glabrous internally, +/-1cm long, 5-lobed. Lobes attenuate, subequal, +/-5mm long, ciliate. Fruits +/-5cm long, 7-10mm broad, strongly compressed, with +/-10 seeds.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Fallow and cultivated fields, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This plant is uncommon in Missouri but will certainly expand its range with time. Steyermark reported just one collection of the plant in the state.
V. grandiflora is often called the "Yellow-flowered Vetch" but its flowers are typically only yellow when in bud or when first opened. The flowers quickly turn a more pale lilac color once opened. The flowers are solitary, paired, or in 3's in the leaf axils.
Like most plants of this genus, this species is weedy.
Stems - Multiple from the base, scrambling to erect, mostly unbranched, angled, carinate, pubescent (sometimes sparsely), to +1m long, hollow, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, sessile, even-pinnate, to +10cm long, terminated by a branching tendril. Stipules of the lower leaves acute to acuminate, with one or two serrate teeth and a few ciliate hairs, with pointed basal auricles (auricles with ciliate margins), to 1cm long. The stipules each with a translucent spot in the middle. This spot is pubescent abaxially (use a lens to see this). Stipules of the upper leaves ovate to oblong, acuminate, smaller than those of the basal leaves (to 5mm long), mostly entire, purplish, with a translucent spot which is pubescent abaxially. Rachis of the leaves pubescent. Leaflets subopposite to alternate, with petiolules to 1mm long. Leaflets of lower leaves elliptic, truncate at the apex, mucronate, 2-3 pairs per leaf, to +/-2cm long, 1cm broad. Leaflets of the upper leaves linear to linear-oblong, truncate to emarginate at the apex, mucronate, to +2cm long, 5-7mm broad, sparse pubescent above, pubescent to sericeous below, entire, 5-6 pairs per leaf.
Inflorescence - Paired axillary flowers from the upper stems, sometimes in 3's. Pedicels pubescent, 2-3mm long.
Flowers - Corolla lilac to pale yellow. Standard to 3cm long, +/-2cm broad, glabrous. Wing petals adnate to the keel petals in the middle. Keel petals purplish at the apex. All petals glabrous. Stamens diadelphous, the stamen tube glabrous, -1cm long. Style distinctly upcurved, with floccose hairs at the apex, 3-4mm long. Ovary green, somewhat compressed, puberulent. Calyx tube oblique at the base, pubescent externally, glabrous internally, +/-1cm long, 5-lobed. Lobes attenuate, subequal, +/-5mm long, ciliate. Fruits +/-5cm long, 7-10mm broad, strongly compressed, with +/-10 seeds.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Fallow and cultivated fields, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This plant is uncommon in Missouri but will certainly expand its range with time. Steyermark reported just one collection of the plant in the state.
V. grandiflora is often called the "Yellow-flowered Vetch" but its flowers are typically only yellow when in bud or when first opened. The flowers quickly turn a more pale lilac color once opened. The flowers are solitary, paired, or in 3's in the leaf axils.
Like most plants of this genus, this species is weedy.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Anacardiaceae
Stems - Typically vines or shrubs, often with aerial roots, rhizomatous, woody, typically reddish in the herbaceous portions. Young shoots densely pubescent to hirsute, greenish.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, trifoliolate. Petioles densely pubescent. Leaflets ovate, coarsely serrate or lobed to entire, acute to acuminate, glabrous to pubescent above and below. Petiolules of lateral leaflets to 5mm long. Terminal leaflet to +13cm long, +8cm broad, on petiolule to 4cm long. All petiolules densely pubescent.
Inflorescence - Axillary paniculate thryse to +10cm long. Axis of thryse densely pubescent. Pedicels to 2mm long, pubescent. Plants dioecious.
Flowers - Petals 5, free, yellowish-green, 1.7mm long, 1.1mm broad, glabrous, oblong, obtuse at apex, spreading to reflexed. Staminate flowers with 5 stamens. Stamens alternating with petals. Filaments whitish to yellowish, glabrous, broader at base than at apex. Anthers orange, 1.2mm long. Pistillate flowers with a globose ovary. Ovary superior, glabrous. Style short, 3-lobed. Pistillate flowers often with staminal vestiges. Stigmas whitish to yellowish. Sepals 5, green with yellow on margins, glabrous, lance-ovate, 1.1mm long, 1mm broad, united at base. Drupes globose, creamy white to tannish, +/-4mm in diameter.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Prairies, woodlands, glades, waste ground, fence rows, bluffs, thickets, roadsides, railroads, nearly everywhere.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - As you may have guessed by now, this is the classic "Poison Ivy" that most folks are afraid of. I won't go on and on about how allergenic this plant is but I do want to say that most people are not immediately allergic to the plant. The allergy is acquired through contact over a period of time with the volatile oils in the tissues of the species. It took me 30 years to become only mildly allergic to the plant. The only way to know for sure if your allergic is to come into contact with the plant and see what happens.
Toxicodendron means "Poison Tree".
This species is highly variable in leaf shape, leaf pubescence, and growth habit. I won't go into the many varieties here but I will say the plant described above is typical of nearly all of the Missouri material.
An old synonym is Rhus radicans L.
Stems - Typically vines or shrubs, often with aerial roots, rhizomatous, woody, typically reddish in the herbaceous portions. Young shoots densely pubescent to hirsute, greenish.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, trifoliolate. Petioles densely pubescent. Leaflets ovate, coarsely serrate or lobed to entire, acute to acuminate, glabrous to pubescent above and below. Petiolules of lateral leaflets to 5mm long. Terminal leaflet to +13cm long, +8cm broad, on petiolule to 4cm long. All petiolules densely pubescent.
Inflorescence - Axillary paniculate thryse to +10cm long. Axis of thryse densely pubescent. Pedicels to 2mm long, pubescent. Plants dioecious.
Flowers - Petals 5, free, yellowish-green, 1.7mm long, 1.1mm broad, glabrous, oblong, obtuse at apex, spreading to reflexed. Staminate flowers with 5 stamens. Stamens alternating with petals. Filaments whitish to yellowish, glabrous, broader at base than at apex. Anthers orange, 1.2mm long. Pistillate flowers with a globose ovary. Ovary superior, glabrous. Style short, 3-lobed. Pistillate flowers often with staminal vestiges. Stigmas whitish to yellowish. Sepals 5, green with yellow on margins, glabrous, lance-ovate, 1.1mm long, 1mm broad, united at base. Drupes globose, creamy white to tannish, +/-4mm in diameter.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Prairies, woodlands, glades, waste ground, fence rows, bluffs, thickets, roadsides, railroads, nearly everywhere.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - As you may have guessed by now, this is the classic "Poison Ivy" that most folks are afraid of. I won't go on and on about how allergenic this plant is but I do want to say that most people are not immediately allergic to the plant. The allergy is acquired through contact over a period of time with the volatile oils in the tissues of the species. It took me 30 years to become only mildly allergic to the plant. The only way to know for sure if your allergic is to come into contact with the plant and see what happens.
Toxicodendron means "Poison Tree".
This species is highly variable in leaf shape, leaf pubescence, and growth habit. I won't go into the many varieties here but I will say the plant described above is typical of nearly all of the Missouri material.
An old synonym is Rhus radicans L.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Orchidaceae
Stems - Flowering stem to +/-60cm tall, erect, herbaceous, greenish-brown, glabrous, essentially leafless. Flowering stem from a small corm.
Leaves - Basal leaf single, entire (the margins often sinuous), glabrous, to +9cm long, +5cm broad, elliptic to ovate or somewhat cordate, dull to shiny green above (most often with purple spots), shiny purple abaxially, acute to subacute at apex. Purple spots on blade often slightly raised compared to the rest of the leaf tissue. Petiole of leaf to +3cm long, glabrous, purple. Leaves of flowering stem reduced to minute bracts.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme to 30cm tall. Pedicels spreading, to 8mm long, glabrous, each flower subtended by a minute scale-like bract. Bracts maroon, .1mm long (use a lens to see).
Flowers - Ovary inferior, 6-7mm long in flower, glabrous, greenish-brown. Sepals 3, spreading, 7-8mm long, 2-3mm broad, glabrous, elliptic, greenish-brown. Petals 3. Lateral 2 petals spreading, 5-6mm long, 1-2mm broad, linear-elliptic. Central petal deflexed, 6-7mm long, with 2 basal appendages, lighter in color than the other petals or sepals, glabrous, curled at base (slightly). Spur of central lower lip long, longer than ovary and pedicel combined, +2cm long, fairly straight. Column light green, rounded at apex, 4-5mm long, 1.5mm broad. Pollinia yellow, 1mm broad.
Flowering - July - August.
Habitat - Moist soil of mesic forests, stream terraces, tops of shallow sand dunes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - T. discolor is a relatively new species to Missouri, having only been reported for the first time in 1983. It is believed that this species is expanding its range in the U.S. and the Missouri population may be part of this expansion. The plant can only be found in the extreme southeastern corner of the state. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its distinctive leaves (which appear in the fall, overwinter, and wilt at anthesis) and its plain-colored inflorescences, which appear in the summer.
T. discolor is sometimes mistaken for another species, Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl.) Torr., but the latter has a silvery leaf with many veins. Here is a picture of the leaf of Aplectrum.
Stems - Flowering stem to +/-60cm tall, erect, herbaceous, greenish-brown, glabrous, essentially leafless. Flowering stem from a small corm.
Leaves - Basal leaf single, entire (the margins often sinuous), glabrous, to +9cm long, +5cm broad, elliptic to ovate or somewhat cordate, dull to shiny green above (most often with purple spots), shiny purple abaxially, acute to subacute at apex. Purple spots on blade often slightly raised compared to the rest of the leaf tissue. Petiole of leaf to +3cm long, glabrous, purple. Leaves of flowering stem reduced to minute bracts.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme to 30cm tall. Pedicels spreading, to 8mm long, glabrous, each flower subtended by a minute scale-like bract. Bracts maroon, .1mm long (use a lens to see).
Flowers - Ovary inferior, 6-7mm long in flower, glabrous, greenish-brown. Sepals 3, spreading, 7-8mm long, 2-3mm broad, glabrous, elliptic, greenish-brown. Petals 3. Lateral 2 petals spreading, 5-6mm long, 1-2mm broad, linear-elliptic. Central petal deflexed, 6-7mm long, with 2 basal appendages, lighter in color than the other petals or sepals, glabrous, curled at base (slightly). Spur of central lower lip long, longer than ovary and pedicel combined, +2cm long, fairly straight. Column light green, rounded at apex, 4-5mm long, 1.5mm broad. Pollinia yellow, 1mm broad.
Flowering - July - August.
Habitat - Moist soil of mesic forests, stream terraces, tops of shallow sand dunes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - T. discolor is a relatively new species to Missouri, having only been reported for the first time in 1983. It is believed that this species is expanding its range in the U.S. and the Missouri population may be part of this expansion. The plant can only be found in the extreme southeastern corner of the state. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its distinctive leaves (which appear in the fall, overwinter, and wilt at anthesis) and its plain-colored inflorescences, which appear in the summer.
T. discolor is sometimes mistaken for another species, Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl.) Torr., but the latter has a silvery leaf with many veins. Here is a picture of the leaf of Aplectrum.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - To 50cm tall, from caudex and long woody roots, multiple from base, herbaceous, densely villous to hirsute, erect to reclining or sprawling, often reddish-purple, simple to few branching.
Leaves - Alternate, odd-pinnate, stipulate. Stipules to 11mm long. Leaflets opposite to subopposite, with short petiolules or sessile, 11-25, oblong-elliptic, mucronate to apiculate, to 2.5cm long, 1cm broad, entire, sericeous below, pubescent above, with prominent midrib. Terminal leaflet typically emarginate, cuneate, slightly smaller than lateral leaflets.
Inflorescence - Terminal compact racemes to -10cm long (tall). Pedicels to 1cm long in flower, hirsute to densely villous. Each flower subtended by a bract to +1cm long. Bracts pubescent to villous.
Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous, bicolored, to +1.5cm long and broad. Standard yellow to tannish, 1.5cm broad, +1.5cm long, with slight purple mottling at base, densely pubescent externally, glabrous internally. Keel and wings pink to rose, to 1.5cm long, glabrous. Stamens monodelphous(but sometimes appearing diadelphous), the tube(filaments) glabrous and white. Ovary canescent, 8-9mm long. Style upcurved, bearded, green, 8mm long. Calyx tube purplish above, green below, canescent externally, glabrous internally, to +3mm long. Upper lip 2-lobed. Lobes acuminate or attenuate, to 4mm long. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes acuminate to attenuate, to 6mm long. Fruit to +5cm long, 5mm broad, compressed, brownish with some black, canescent.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, glades, prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - T. virginiana is a very striking and important plant. The large roots contain nitrogen fixing bacteria and also rotenone, the latter being used as an insecticide and fish poison. Traditionally, the plant had been used to treat many ailments such as tuberculosis, rheumatism, and bladder troubles. The plant has also been studied in cancer research.
Steyermark stated that the plant "does not transplant successfully" and doesn't really take from seed either because of the special relationships and requirements the plant has with the acid soil in which it grows.
The pubescence of the leaves can vary from glabrous to sericeous above.
The plant is common throughout Missouri but is apparently absent from the northwest corner of the state.
Stems - To 50cm tall, from caudex and long woody roots, multiple from base, herbaceous, densely villous to hirsute, erect to reclining or sprawling, often reddish-purple, simple to few branching.
Leaves - Alternate, odd-pinnate, stipulate. Stipules to 11mm long. Leaflets opposite to subopposite, with short petiolules or sessile, 11-25, oblong-elliptic, mucronate to apiculate, to 2.5cm long, 1cm broad, entire, sericeous below, pubescent above, with prominent midrib. Terminal leaflet typically emarginate, cuneate, slightly smaller than lateral leaflets.
Inflorescence - Terminal compact racemes to -10cm long (tall). Pedicels to 1cm long in flower, hirsute to densely villous. Each flower subtended by a bract to +1cm long. Bracts pubescent to villous.
Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous, bicolored, to +1.5cm long and broad. Standard yellow to tannish, 1.5cm broad, +1.5cm long, with slight purple mottling at base, densely pubescent externally, glabrous internally. Keel and wings pink to rose, to 1.5cm long, glabrous. Stamens monodelphous(but sometimes appearing diadelphous), the tube(filaments) glabrous and white. Ovary canescent, 8-9mm long. Style upcurved, bearded, green, 8mm long. Calyx tube purplish above, green below, canescent externally, glabrous internally, to +3mm long. Upper lip 2-lobed. Lobes acuminate or attenuate, to 4mm long. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes acuminate to attenuate, to 6mm long. Fruit to +5cm long, 5mm broad, compressed, brownish with some black, canescent.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, glades, prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - T. virginiana is a very striking and important plant. The large roots contain nitrogen fixing bacteria and also rotenone, the latter being used as an insecticide and fish poison. Traditionally, the plant had been used to treat many ailments such as tuberculosis, rheumatism, and bladder troubles. The plant has also been studied in cancer research.
Steyermark stated that the plant "does not transplant successfully" and doesn't really take from seed either because of the special relationships and requirements the plant has with the acid soil in which it grows.
The pubescence of the leaves can vary from glabrous to sericeous above.
The plant is common throughout Missouri but is apparently absent from the northwest corner of the state.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Caryophyllaceae
Stems - To +50cm tall, from a taproot, erect, typically simple but also branching, retrorse strigillose below, glandular above, mostly hollow, herbaceous, typically with dark viscid patches along internodes in upper portions of stems.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, sessile, linear-oblong, entire, acute, glabrous, with strigillose margins, to 5cm long, 6mm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal cymes (dychasia), each division subtended by a pair of linear bracts. Bracts glabrous. Pedicels to 2cm long, glabrous, thin.
Flowers - Apetalous or petals included within the calyx and inconspicuous. Calyx 10-ribbed, 5-toothed, typically 6mm long in flower, quickly expanding. Calyx teeth to 1mm long, ciliolate on margins. Petals 5, white, glabrous, 4-5mm long, 1-1.5mm broad. Stamens 10, included. Filaments whitish, glabrous, 4mm long. Anthers whitish, 2-lobed, .3-.4mm long. Ovary green, cylindric, glabrous, superior, 3.1mm long, 1mm in diameter, 3-locular. Placentation axile. Ovules many, tuberculate. Style wanting. Stigmas 3, white, 1.2mm long.
Flowering - April - September.
Habitat - Roadsides, railroads, pastures, fields, waste ground, alluvial woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This interesting little species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is typically found with dark viscid patches along the stem which can trap insects. The petals are rarely seen and many times absent all together. Steyermark breaks the species up into 4 forms characterized by whether or not the plant has petals, the color of those petals, and whether or not the plant has the typical viscid patches. These forms integrate too much and are no longer valid.
Stems - To +50cm tall, from a taproot, erect, typically simple but also branching, retrorse strigillose below, glandular above, mostly hollow, herbaceous, typically with dark viscid patches along internodes in upper portions of stems.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, sessile, linear-oblong, entire, acute, glabrous, with strigillose margins, to 5cm long, 6mm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal cymes (dychasia), each division subtended by a pair of linear bracts. Bracts glabrous. Pedicels to 2cm long, glabrous, thin.
Flowers - Apetalous or petals included within the calyx and inconspicuous. Calyx 10-ribbed, 5-toothed, typically 6mm long in flower, quickly expanding. Calyx teeth to 1mm long, ciliolate on margins. Petals 5, white, glabrous, 4-5mm long, 1-1.5mm broad. Stamens 10, included. Filaments whitish, glabrous, 4mm long. Anthers whitish, 2-lobed, .3-.4mm long. Ovary green, cylindric, glabrous, superior, 3.1mm long, 1mm in diameter, 3-locular. Placentation axile. Ovules many, tuberculate. Style wanting. Stigmas 3, white, 1.2mm long.
Flowering - April - September.
Habitat - Roadsides, railroads, pastures, fields, waste ground, alluvial woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This interesting little species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is typically found with dark viscid patches along the stem which can trap insects. The petals are rarely seen and many times absent all together. Steyermark breaks the species up into 4 forms characterized by whether or not the plant has petals, the color of those petals, and whether or not the plant has the typical viscid patches. These forms integrate too much and are no longer valid.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Polygonaceae
Stems - To -50cm tall, from creeping rhizomes, erect, multiple from base, angled, glabrous, striate, branching above at inflorescence, thin.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, sheathing. Ocrea reddish at base near petiole, the remainder scarious. Petioles to 4cm long, with adaxial groove. Blade hastate, to +3cm long, glabrous, entire. Lateral lobes +/-1cm long, 4-5mm broad, acute. Central lobe +1cm broad, acute. Leaves reduced upward.
Inflorescence - Terminal paniculate arrangement of verticillate racemes to +20cm tall. Pedicels to 2mm long, jointed just below the flower. Plants dioeceous or polygamous.
Flowers - Staminate flowers - Sepals 6, in two whorls, to -1mm long, .5mm broad, acute to rounded at apex, scarious, spreading with maturity. Stamens 6. Filaments to .5mm long, glabrous, yellowish. Anthers to -1mm long, yellow. Pistillate flowers - Fruiting sepals green, to +1.5mm long, tuberculate but not with 1-3 large tubercles as seen in other species of the genus. Achene brown, +/-1mm long, 3-sided.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Fields, waste ground, glades, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This little plant has spread rapidly throughout Missouri and can be found throughout. The pollen of the plant is a cause of hay fever.
The leaves of this species are edible and were used traditionally as treatment for fevers, tumors, scurvy and other ailments. The plant is fairly high in tannins and oxalic acid so care should be taken not to consume it in great quantity.
Stems - To -50cm tall, from creeping rhizomes, erect, multiple from base, angled, glabrous, striate, branching above at inflorescence, thin.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, sheathing. Ocrea reddish at base near petiole, the remainder scarious. Petioles to 4cm long, with adaxial groove. Blade hastate, to +3cm long, glabrous, entire. Lateral lobes +/-1cm long, 4-5mm broad, acute. Central lobe +1cm broad, acute. Leaves reduced upward.
Inflorescence - Terminal paniculate arrangement of verticillate racemes to +20cm tall. Pedicels to 2mm long, jointed just below the flower. Plants dioeceous or polygamous.
Flowers - Staminate flowers - Sepals 6, in two whorls, to -1mm long, .5mm broad, acute to rounded at apex, scarious, spreading with maturity. Stamens 6. Filaments to .5mm long, glabrous, yellowish. Anthers to -1mm long, yellow. Pistillate flowers - Fruiting sepals green, to +1.5mm long, tuberculate but not with 1-3 large tubercles as seen in other species of the genus. Achene brown, +/-1mm long, 3-sided.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Fields, waste ground, glades, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This little plant has spread rapidly throughout Missouri and can be found throughout. The pollen of the plant is a cause of hay fever.
The leaves of this species are edible and were used traditionally as treatment for fevers, tumors, scurvy and other ailments. The plant is fairly high in tannins and oxalic acid so care should be taken not to consume it in great quantity.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Anacardiaceae
Stems - Woody, to +/-8m tall, typically with a single trunk but forming colonies from stolons, with sticky sap(sap quickly darkening with exposure to air). New seasons twigs densely pilose, tan to slightly reddish.
Leaves - Alternate, odd-pinnate, petiolate. Petiole and rachis densely pilose, slightly reddish. Petioles to +5cm long. Leaflets opposite, typically 11-31 per leaf, sessile, serrate, acute to acuminate, elliptic-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, pubescent to glabrate and deep green above. Dull green below.
Inflorescence - Terminal thryse. Axis and branches of thryse densely pilose. Pistillate inflorescence smaller but much more dense than staminate inflorescence. Pistillate inflorescence to +11cm long(tall), +/-5cm in diameter. Branches of thryse each subtended by a long attenuate bract. Bracts to 2cm long, 2-3mm broad at base, densely pilose. Staminate inflorescence more of a pyramid shape than pistillate. Plants polygamo-dioecious.
Flowers - Petals 5, greenish-yellow, 2.1mm long, oblong to rotund, glabrous, spreading to reflexed. Sepals 5, alternating with petals, acute to acuminate, greenish. Pistillate flowers often with staminal vestiges. Style 3-parted, +/-.5mm long. Stigmas capitate, yellowish. Ovary superior, densely white pubescent.
Staminate flowers - Stamens 5, erect, exserted. Filaments whitish, +1.2mm long. Anthers yellow, 1mm long. Drupes brilliant red, pubescent, to 5mm in diameter.
Flowering - June - July.
Habitat - Cultivated and escaped to roadsides, disturbed sites and waste ground.
Origin - Native to eastern U.S.
Other info. - This species is becoming common in some parts of the state and can be found in the habitats mentioned above. The species quickly spreads by means of stolons and can form large colonies. The fruits of the plant persist through winter and are eaten by wildlife. The fruits are also popular with humans and can be brewed into a tea. Traditionally the tea was used for medicinal purposes.
A similar species, R. glabra L. grows wild in Missouri and is very common. R. glabra has glabrous stems, leaf petioles, and inflorescences.
Stems - Woody, to +/-8m tall, typically with a single trunk but forming colonies from stolons, with sticky sap(sap quickly darkening with exposure to air). New seasons twigs densely pilose, tan to slightly reddish.
Leaves - Alternate, odd-pinnate, petiolate. Petiole and rachis densely pilose, slightly reddish. Petioles to +5cm long. Leaflets opposite, typically 11-31 per leaf, sessile, serrate, acute to acuminate, elliptic-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, pubescent to glabrate and deep green above. Dull green below.
Inflorescence - Terminal thryse. Axis and branches of thryse densely pilose. Pistillate inflorescence smaller but much more dense than staminate inflorescence. Pistillate inflorescence to +11cm long(tall), +/-5cm in diameter. Branches of thryse each subtended by a long attenuate bract. Bracts to 2cm long, 2-3mm broad at base, densely pilose. Staminate inflorescence more of a pyramid shape than pistillate. Plants polygamo-dioecious.
Flowers - Petals 5, greenish-yellow, 2.1mm long, oblong to rotund, glabrous, spreading to reflexed. Sepals 5, alternating with petals, acute to acuminate, greenish. Pistillate flowers often with staminal vestiges. Style 3-parted, +/-.5mm long. Stigmas capitate, yellowish. Ovary superior, densely white pubescent.
Staminate flowers - Stamens 5, erect, exserted. Filaments whitish, +1.2mm long. Anthers yellow, 1mm long. Drupes brilliant red, pubescent, to 5mm in diameter.
Flowering - June - July.
Habitat - Cultivated and escaped to roadsides, disturbed sites and waste ground.
Origin - Native to eastern U.S.
Other info. - This species is becoming common in some parts of the state and can be found in the habitats mentioned above. The species quickly spreads by means of stolons and can form large colonies. The fruits of the plant persist through winter and are eaten by wildlife. The fruits are also popular with humans and can be brewed into a tea. Traditionally the tea was used for medicinal purposes.
A similar species, R. glabra L. grows wild in Missouri and is very common. R. glabra has glabrous stems, leaf petioles, and inflorescences.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Anacardiaceae
Stems - Woody, single or multiple from base, branching, to 3m tall, reddish, glabrate, with lenticels. New seasons growth puberulent to tomentose.
Leaves - Alternate, odd-pinnate, petiolate. Petiole reddish above(adaxially), green below(abaxially), puberulent to tomentose, to 6cm long. Rachis between leaflets winged. Wings to 4mm broad, shiny green. Leaflets 5-11, sessile, elliptic-lanceolate, entire, acute to acuminate, often slightly oblique at base, puberulent on midrib and veins above, pubescent below, deep green above, dull green below, to +7cm long, +3.5cm broad. Terminal leaflet sometimes divided, abruptly contracted at base and appearing to have a petiolule.
Inflorescence - Terminal thryse to +15cm long. Axis and branches of thryse tomentose. Plants polygamodioecious.
Flowers - Petals 5, greenish-yellow, 2.1m long, 1.2mm broad, with minutely ciliolate margins, spreading to reflexed. Sepals 5, pubescent, broadly ovate, green, 1mm long, 1mm broad. Pistillate flowers - Style 3-parted, .5mm long, yellow, thick, sparse pubescent. Stigmas capitate, yellow-orange. Ovary globose, tomentose to puberulent, .9mm in diameter. Staminal vestiges often present in pistillate flowers. Staminate flowers - Stamens 5, erect, exserted, alternating with petals. Filaments white, to 1.5mm long. Anthers yellow-orange, 1mm long. Drupes to 4mm in diameter, reddish, with simple and glandular pubescence.
Flowering - May - November.
Habitat - Prairies, thickets, open woods, glades, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is common throughout most of Missouri with the exception of most of the northern counties. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its winged leaves and the fact that it is a more compact species than any other Rhus in this state. The leaves turn a brilliant crimson red in the fall. Like many of the genus, this plant was used by indians to treat ailments such as dysentery and mouth sores.
Stems - Woody, single or multiple from base, branching, to 3m tall, reddish, glabrate, with lenticels. New seasons growth puberulent to tomentose.
Leaves - Alternate, odd-pinnate, petiolate. Petiole reddish above(adaxially), green below(abaxially), puberulent to tomentose, to 6cm long. Rachis between leaflets winged. Wings to 4mm broad, shiny green. Leaflets 5-11, sessile, elliptic-lanceolate, entire, acute to acuminate, often slightly oblique at base, puberulent on midrib and veins above, pubescent below, deep green above, dull green below, to +7cm long, +3.5cm broad. Terminal leaflet sometimes divided, abruptly contracted at base and appearing to have a petiolule.
Inflorescence - Terminal thryse to +15cm long. Axis and branches of thryse tomentose. Plants polygamodioecious.
Flowers - Petals 5, greenish-yellow, 2.1m long, 1.2mm broad, with minutely ciliolate margins, spreading to reflexed. Sepals 5, pubescent, broadly ovate, green, 1mm long, 1mm broad. Pistillate flowers - Style 3-parted, .5mm long, yellow, thick, sparse pubescent. Stigmas capitate, yellow-orange. Ovary globose, tomentose to puberulent, .9mm in diameter. Staminal vestiges often present in pistillate flowers. Staminate flowers - Stamens 5, erect, exserted, alternating with petals. Filaments white, to 1.5mm long. Anthers yellow-orange, 1mm long. Drupes to 4mm in diameter, reddish, with simple and glandular pubescence.
Flowering - May - November.
Habitat - Prairies, thickets, open woods, glades, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is common throughout most of Missouri with the exception of most of the northern counties. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its winged leaves and the fact that it is a more compact species than any other Rhus in this state. The leaves turn a brilliant crimson red in the fall. Like many of the genus, this plant was used by indians to treat ailments such as dysentery and mouth sores.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Polygalaceae
Stems - To +20cm tall, erect, single from the base, from a small taproot, herbaceous, dichotomously branching, purplish near the base, 4-angled, glabrous.
Leaves - At least the most basal sets whorled, all leaves sessile, glabrous, entire, acute, linear-lanceolate, with single costa, to +/-2.5cm long, +4mm broad. Upper leaves reduced to bracts by the inflorescence.
Inflorescence - Terminal and lateral indeterminate racemes, to +2cm long, 5mm in diameter. Pedicels to .6mm long. Pedicels and axis glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 3, united into a 3-lobed tube, folded around the pistil and stamens, purplish at the apex. The middle lobe fringed (with 5 fringes). Stamens minute, 6-8, adnate to the corolla tube, in two rows. Anthers yellow. Ovary superior, green, subglobose to compressed, glabrous, 1mm long, 2-locular, 2-ovuled. Sepals 5, unequal. The uppermost sepal to 1mm long, green, acute. The lower 2 sepals -1mm long, with a purple midvein, acute. The lateral 2 sepals ovate, whitish-green, with a purple midvein, to 1.5mm long. Capsules to +2mm long. Seeds black, pilosulous, to +2mm long.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Rocky glades, prairies, open woods, fallow fields, eroded open slopes, upland flats, typically in acid soils.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found scattered throughout Missouri. This is an easy species to overlook in the field as it is small and non-distinct.
Steyermark breaks the Missouri material into 5 varieties based on leaf arrangement and size, inflorescence size, flower color, and branch arrangement. The variety described above is most likely variety isocycla Fern., which is the most common variety found in Missouri. Some varieties integrate but others are more readily separated. I won't go into the rest of the varieties here.
Stems - To +20cm tall, erect, single from the base, from a small taproot, herbaceous, dichotomously branching, purplish near the base, 4-angled, glabrous.
Leaves - At least the most basal sets whorled, all leaves sessile, glabrous, entire, acute, linear-lanceolate, with single costa, to +/-2.5cm long, +4mm broad. Upper leaves reduced to bracts by the inflorescence.
Inflorescence - Terminal and lateral indeterminate racemes, to +2cm long, 5mm in diameter. Pedicels to .6mm long. Pedicels and axis glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 3, united into a 3-lobed tube, folded around the pistil and stamens, purplish at the apex. The middle lobe fringed (with 5 fringes). Stamens minute, 6-8, adnate to the corolla tube, in two rows. Anthers yellow. Ovary superior, green, subglobose to compressed, glabrous, 1mm long, 2-locular, 2-ovuled. Sepals 5, unequal. The uppermost sepal to 1mm long, green, acute. The lower 2 sepals -1mm long, with a purple midvein, acute. The lateral 2 sepals ovate, whitish-green, with a purple midvein, to 1.5mm long. Capsules to +2mm long. Seeds black, pilosulous, to +2mm long.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Rocky glades, prairies, open woods, fallow fields, eroded open slopes, upland flats, typically in acid soils.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found scattered throughout Missouri. This is an easy species to overlook in the field as it is small and non-distinct.
Steyermark breaks the Missouri material into 5 varieties based on leaf arrangement and size, inflorescence size, flower color, and branch arrangement. The variety described above is most likely variety isocycla Fern., which is the most common variety found in Missouri. Some varieties integrate but others are more readily separated. I won't go into the rest of the varieties here.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Family - Plantaginaceae
Stems - Plants acaulescent, from a big taproot.
Leaves - All basal, linear to linear-oblong, mostly entire but with a few small whitish tubercles on each margin, glabrous to sparse pilose adaxially, pilose abaxially, with 2-4 main side nerves (nerves run parallel to the midrib), dull-green, to 17cm long, -1cm broad, rounded to subacute at the apex.
Inflorescence - Many long-pedunculate flower spikes. Scapes to 30cm long, terete, solid, green, antrorse appressed pubescent in the upper 2/3, pilose at the base. Spikes to 7-8cm long, +/-8mm in diameter, very densely-flowered. Rachis densely pilose. Each flower subtended by 1 subulate bract. Bracts 4-5mm long, 1-1.7mm broad, green with translucent margins. Margins pilose basally.
Flowers - Sessile. Sepals 4, joined at the base, green with large translucent margins, rounded at the apex, to +4mm long, 2mm broad, pilose externally, glabrous internally, completely enveloping the ovary of the flower. Ovary green, glabrous, shiny, 4mm long, +2mm in diameter, with a transverse suture in the basal 1/3, 2-celled. Corolla 4-lobed, translucent. The two lateral lobes larger than the dorsal and ventral lobes, to +3mm long, 2-3mm broad, rounded at the apices, glabrous. Corolla tube short (-1mm long) ferruginous. Stamens 4, adnate to the corolla tube, alternating with the corolla lobes, only the anthers exserted. Anthers yellow, .6mm long, .3mm broad, sagittate. Style absent. Stigma included, 1-1.5mm long.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Disturbed sites, waste places, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species has been reported in just two Missouri counties (St. Louis and Scott) and is much more common in the southeastern U.S.
The plant can be identified by its long, thin leaves, pubescent flowering scapes, and pilose calices.
Stems - Plants acaulescent, from a big taproot.
Leaves - All basal, linear to linear-oblong, mostly entire but with a few small whitish tubercles on each margin, glabrous to sparse pilose adaxially, pilose abaxially, with 2-4 main side nerves (nerves run parallel to the midrib), dull-green, to 17cm long, -1cm broad, rounded to subacute at the apex.
Inflorescence - Many long-pedunculate flower spikes. Scapes to 30cm long, terete, solid, green, antrorse appressed pubescent in the upper 2/3, pilose at the base. Spikes to 7-8cm long, +/-8mm in diameter, very densely-flowered. Rachis densely pilose. Each flower subtended by 1 subulate bract. Bracts 4-5mm long, 1-1.7mm broad, green with translucent margins. Margins pilose basally.
Flowers - Sessile. Sepals 4, joined at the base, green with large translucent margins, rounded at the apex, to +4mm long, 2mm broad, pilose externally, glabrous internally, completely enveloping the ovary of the flower. Ovary green, glabrous, shiny, 4mm long, +2mm in diameter, with a transverse suture in the basal 1/3, 2-celled. Corolla 4-lobed, translucent. The two lateral lobes larger than the dorsal and ventral lobes, to +3mm long, 2-3mm broad, rounded at the apices, glabrous. Corolla tube short (-1mm long) ferruginous. Stamens 4, adnate to the corolla tube, alternating with the corolla lobes, only the anthers exserted. Anthers yellow, .6mm long, .3mm broad, sagittate. Style absent. Stigma included, 1-1.5mm long.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Disturbed sites, waste places, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species has been reported in just two Missouri counties (St. Louis and Scott) and is much more common in the southeastern U.S.
The plant can be identified by its long, thin leaves, pubescent flowering scapes, and pilose calices.
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