文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Berberidaceae
Stems - From rhizomes, to +/-50cm tall, erect, herbaceous, multiple from the base, glaucous, terete, green with purple at the base, glabrous.
Leaves - Mostly one leaf per stem, triternate. Leaflets 3(4-5)-lobed a the apex, entire, glabrous, 4-5cm long, +/-3cm broad. Lobes of the leaflets acute, with a small whitish apex. Main veins of the leaflets arising from the base of the leaflet. All veins impressed above, expressed below. Lateral leaflets often oblique at the base.
Inflorescence - Axillary panicle to +4cm long. Peduncle to +3cm long, glabrous. Ech division of the panicle subtended a minute bract. Bracts 1-2mm long, acute, scarious on the margins.
Flowers - Petaloid sepals 6, yellow-green, spatulate, rounded at the apex, +/-5mm long, 2-3mm broad, with slightly darker veins, distinct. Petals smaller than the sepals, green, glabrous, hooded, 2mm long, 2mm broad at the apex. Stamens 6, ascending. Filaments green, glabrous, 1.5mm long. Anthers yellow, 1mm long, 1mm broad, bi-lobed. Ovary green, obovoid, glabrous, +2mm long, -2mm broad, slightly 3-sided, unilocular, with 3 ovules, tapering into a -1mm long style. Stigma minute. Placentation basal.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Rich woods in valleys, ravines, north-facing wooded slopes, moist base of bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S. and Asia.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout most of Missouri but is generally found in the eastern half of the state. The plant can be identified in the field by its glaucous stems, ternately divided leaves (the leaf picture above is of just the terminal division of a leaf), its greenish flowers, and its brilliant blue seeds (which I have no pictures of at this time). The plant also has a thick root which was used medicinally by natives. A tea made from the root was used to treat a variety of ailments such as abdominal cramps, urinary tract infections, and problems with the uterus. The roots may also have contraceptive properties. The root of the plant contains glycosides and alkaloids and many people get a reaction from handling the roots. The seeds of the plant are toxic and should not be eaten.
Stems - From rhizomes, to +/-50cm tall, erect, herbaceous, multiple from the base, glaucous, terete, green with purple at the base, glabrous.
Leaves - Mostly one leaf per stem, triternate. Leaflets 3(4-5)-lobed a the apex, entire, glabrous, 4-5cm long, +/-3cm broad. Lobes of the leaflets acute, with a small whitish apex. Main veins of the leaflets arising from the base of the leaflet. All veins impressed above, expressed below. Lateral leaflets often oblique at the base.
Inflorescence - Axillary panicle to +4cm long. Peduncle to +3cm long, glabrous. Ech division of the panicle subtended a minute bract. Bracts 1-2mm long, acute, scarious on the margins.
Flowers - Petaloid sepals 6, yellow-green, spatulate, rounded at the apex, +/-5mm long, 2-3mm broad, with slightly darker veins, distinct. Petals smaller than the sepals, green, glabrous, hooded, 2mm long, 2mm broad at the apex. Stamens 6, ascending. Filaments green, glabrous, 1.5mm long. Anthers yellow, 1mm long, 1mm broad, bi-lobed. Ovary green, obovoid, glabrous, +2mm long, -2mm broad, slightly 3-sided, unilocular, with 3 ovules, tapering into a -1mm long style. Stigma minute. Placentation basal.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Rich woods in valleys, ravines, north-facing wooded slopes, moist base of bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S. and Asia.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout most of Missouri but is generally found in the eastern half of the state. The plant can be identified in the field by its glaucous stems, ternately divided leaves (the leaf picture above is of just the terminal division of a leaf), its greenish flowers, and its brilliant blue seeds (which I have no pictures of at this time). The plant also has a thick root which was used medicinally by natives. A tea made from the root was used to treat a variety of ailments such as abdominal cramps, urinary tract infections, and problems with the uterus. The roots may also have contraceptive properties. The root of the plant contains glycosides and alkaloids and many people get a reaction from handling the roots. The seeds of the plant are toxic and should not be eaten.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +2m tall, glabrous, glaucous, herbaceous, erect, from a short caudex and large thickened roots, fistulose, simple but widely branching in the inflorescence, sometimes with few black glands near nodes (from leaf petioles).
Leaves - Basal leaves long-petiolate. Petioles with an adaxial groove (groove "U" shaped), often purplish at the base. Blades large, cordate, coarse shallow dentate, deep green adaxially, glaucous abaxially, to +20cm long, +15cm broad. Sinuses and teeth rounded. Cauline leaves similar to basals but reduced, becoming more sharply toothed, often cuneate at the base of the blade or truncate. Petioles of cauline leaves often with abaxial black glands.
Inflorescence - Terminal corymbiform arrangement of multiple flower heads, to +/-20cm broad at maturity. The peduncles glabrous. Some divisions of the inflorescence subtended by small bracts.
Involucre - Uniseriate, of linear bracts (5-6), to 1cm tall, 3-4mm in diameter, cylindric. Phyllaries overlapping on margins, appearing united, with scarious margins, yellowish-green to greenish-white, subacute at apex, to 1.5mm broad.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - 4-5 per flower head, exserted from the involucre. Corolla greenish-white, glabrous, 5-lobed. Corolla tube to 5mm long. Lobes to +3mm long, linear, curling. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, exserted. Filaments green, glabrous, 2mm long. Anthers connate around the style, brownish, to +2mm long. Style green, glabrous, well exserted, bifurcate. Stigmas spreading. Achenes green in flower, +/-2mm long, terete, glabrous. Pappus of white barbellate bristles, to 5mm long, many.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Wooded slopes, rocky stream margins, open woods, railroads, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The leaves of this species are quite thick and leathery. The plant is often found wilted in periods of little rain. The leaf pictured above is typical of the plants I have encountered but the leaves can be quite variable in shape.
Stems - To +2m tall, glabrous, glaucous, herbaceous, erect, from a short caudex and large thickened roots, fistulose, simple but widely branching in the inflorescence, sometimes with few black glands near nodes (from leaf petioles).
Leaves - Basal leaves long-petiolate. Petioles with an adaxial groove (groove "U" shaped), often purplish at the base. Blades large, cordate, coarse shallow dentate, deep green adaxially, glaucous abaxially, to +20cm long, +15cm broad. Sinuses and teeth rounded. Cauline leaves similar to basals but reduced, becoming more sharply toothed, often cuneate at the base of the blade or truncate. Petioles of cauline leaves often with abaxial black glands.
Inflorescence - Terminal corymbiform arrangement of multiple flower heads, to +/-20cm broad at maturity. The peduncles glabrous. Some divisions of the inflorescence subtended by small bracts.
Involucre - Uniseriate, of linear bracts (5-6), to 1cm tall, 3-4mm in diameter, cylindric. Phyllaries overlapping on margins, appearing united, with scarious margins, yellowish-green to greenish-white, subacute at apex, to 1.5mm broad.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - 4-5 per flower head, exserted from the involucre. Corolla greenish-white, glabrous, 5-lobed. Corolla tube to 5mm long. Lobes to +3mm long, linear, curling. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, exserted. Filaments green, glabrous, 2mm long. Anthers connate around the style, brownish, to +2mm long. Style green, glabrous, well exserted, bifurcate. Stigmas spreading. Achenes green in flower, +/-2mm long, terete, glabrous. Pappus of white barbellate bristles, to 5mm long, many.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Wooded slopes, rocky stream margins, open woods, railroads, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The leaves of this species are quite thick and leathery. The plant is often found wilted in periods of little rain. The leaf pictured above is typical of the plants I have encountered but the leaves can be quite variable in shape.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - To 2m tall, herbaceous, erect, much branched, glabrous, from rhizomes, green. Branches thin and drooping.
Leaves - Alternate and reduced to scales on main stem, glabrous. Leaves of upper branches linear, to 2.5cm long, .5mm broad, in groups of 1-5 per node, glabrous, appearing as if in fascicles like pine needles.
Inflorescence - Single or paired flowers from leaf axils. Pedicels jointed, to +1cm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Perianth segments(tepals) whitish-green, to 6.5mm long, 1.5mm broad, with subscarious margins, rounded to obtuse at apex, glabrous. Stamens 6, adnate at base of perianth segments, included. Filaments to 3mm long, glabrous. Anthers orange, 1.6mm long. Style 1.1mm long, glabrous. Stigmas 3. Ovary superior, 1.8mm long, green, 3-locular. Berries to 1cm in diameter, red, glabrous, with 3-6 seeds.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Pastures, fencerows, old cultivated fields, disturbed sites, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - The flowering period is not really as important with this plant as the sprouting period. This is when you can go out and collect the young shoots to eat. Why spend $2 a pound when you can drive down the road and collect 5 or 6 pounds in less than an hour? You just have to know where to go. White asparagus, very trendy these days, are actually sprouts which have been grown under a layer of mulch so that they do not produce chlorophyll. White and green asparagus come from the same species or even the same plant.
The upper leaves of this species are not really leaves at all but are, in fact, reduced branches. The true leaves are scalelike and on the main stem. A officinalis is a dioecious plant meaning that male (staminate) and female (pistillate) flowers are produced on different plants.
Stems - To 2m tall, herbaceous, erect, much branched, glabrous, from rhizomes, green. Branches thin and drooping.
Leaves - Alternate and reduced to scales on main stem, glabrous. Leaves of upper branches linear, to 2.5cm long, .5mm broad, in groups of 1-5 per node, glabrous, appearing as if in fascicles like pine needles.
Inflorescence - Single or paired flowers from leaf axils. Pedicels jointed, to +1cm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Perianth segments(tepals) whitish-green, to 6.5mm long, 1.5mm broad, with subscarious margins, rounded to obtuse at apex, glabrous. Stamens 6, adnate at base of perianth segments, included. Filaments to 3mm long, glabrous. Anthers orange, 1.6mm long. Style 1.1mm long, glabrous. Stigmas 3. Ovary superior, 1.8mm long, green, 3-locular. Berries to 1cm in diameter, red, glabrous, with 3-6 seeds.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Pastures, fencerows, old cultivated fields, disturbed sites, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - The flowering period is not really as important with this plant as the sprouting period. This is when you can go out and collect the young shoots to eat. Why spend $2 a pound when you can drive down the road and collect 5 or 6 pounds in less than an hour? You just have to know where to go. White asparagus, very trendy these days, are actually sprouts which have been grown under a layer of mulch so that they do not produce chlorophyll. White and green asparagus come from the same species or even the same plant.
The upper leaves of this species are not really leaves at all but are, in fact, reduced branches. The true leaves are scalelike and on the main stem. A officinalis is a dioecious plant meaning that male (staminate) and female (pistillate) flowers are produced on different plants.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Asclepiadaceae
Stems - To +50cm long, erect or ascending, multiple from base, from thick roots, herbaceous, with milky sap, glabrous, often purple-green.
Leaves - Alternate, short petiolate. Petioles to 6mm long, minutely pubescent. Blade ovate-lanceolate, typically truncate at base but also slightly rounded, entire, to 12cm long, 5cm broad, sparse appressed pubescent, apex blunt to emarginate or rounded. Veins often pinkish above.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal umbellate cymes. Peduncles glabrous, green, to -5cm long. Pedicels to 3cm long, puberulent, subtended by linear bracts to 6mm long, -1mm broad.
Flowers - Petals 5, erect, lanceolate-ovate, -2cm long, to 8mm broad, glabrous. Hoods purple, 5-6mm long, margins infolded. Horns absent. Anther head 3mm in diameter, 3mm tall, blackish and green. Pollinia purple and gold, 2-3mm long. Carpels 2, 3.5mm long, enclosed by column. Sepals 5, 5mm long, 2mm broad, lanceolate, pubescent externally. Follicles to 13cm long, sparse pubescent. Seed to +6mm long, broadly ovate to suborbicular. Coma to 4cm long, whitish.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Rocky prairies and glades, fields, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is a beauty and should be cultivated more. The slightly spreading nature and big flower clusters make the plant (I think) very desirable in the garden. The plant would need no care once established. Milkweeds are gaining popularity and I hope this species does also. The plant is very common in Missouri, especially in the southern half of the state. Responsible seed collection would be a simple matter as the follicles are hard to miss.
Stems - To +50cm long, erect or ascending, multiple from base, from thick roots, herbaceous, with milky sap, glabrous, often purple-green.
Leaves - Alternate, short petiolate. Petioles to 6mm long, minutely pubescent. Blade ovate-lanceolate, typically truncate at base but also slightly rounded, entire, to 12cm long, 5cm broad, sparse appressed pubescent, apex blunt to emarginate or rounded. Veins often pinkish above.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal umbellate cymes. Peduncles glabrous, green, to -5cm long. Pedicels to 3cm long, puberulent, subtended by linear bracts to 6mm long, -1mm broad.
Flowers - Petals 5, erect, lanceolate-ovate, -2cm long, to 8mm broad, glabrous. Hoods purple, 5-6mm long, margins infolded. Horns absent. Anther head 3mm in diameter, 3mm tall, blackish and green. Pollinia purple and gold, 2-3mm long. Carpels 2, 3.5mm long, enclosed by column. Sepals 5, 5mm long, 2mm broad, lanceolate, pubescent externally. Follicles to 13cm long, sparse pubescent. Seed to +6mm long, broadly ovate to suborbicular. Coma to 4cm long, whitish.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Rocky prairies and glades, fields, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is a beauty and should be cultivated more. The slightly spreading nature and big flower clusters make the plant (I think) very desirable in the garden. The plant would need no care once established. Milkweeds are gaining popularity and I hope this species does also. The plant is very common in Missouri, especially in the southern half of the state. Responsible seed collection would be a simple matter as the follicles are hard to miss.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Euphorbiaceae
Stems - Woody, to +/-1.5m tall, erect, branching. Twigs ferruginous, with some long strigose hairs or glabrate, often with some vertical grooves, ribs, or angles.
Leaves - Alternate, short-petiolate to sub-sessile. Petioles to 2mm long, glabrous or with some hairs adaxially. Blades orbicular (more or less), entire, glabrous, deep green above, lighter below, +/-2.5cm long and broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary fascicles of few to many flowers. Fascicles subtended by ferruginous bracts. Bracts to 2mm long, .6mm broad (at the base), attenuate, ciliate-margined, with some hairs on both surfaces. Pedicels of flowers to 1.5cm long in pistillate flowers and shorter in staminate flowers, glabrous, thin.
Flowers - Staminate flowers with 4-5 petals and 4-5 sepals being similar, green, to 2mm long, 1.5mm broad, ovate to obovate, rounded at the apex. Sepals with some cilia on the margins. Petals and sepals mostly glabrous or with a few hairs externally. Stamens 5, erect, with green expanded nectaries at the base. The nectaries flattened, +/-1mm long. Filaments greenish, 1.5-2mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow to tan, .2-.3mm long. Styles 3, glabrous, greenish, 1.1-1.2mm long. Pistillate flowers with 5 sepals. Sepals accrescent, to 5mm long, 4mm broad, broadly obovate, glabrous, rounded at the apex. Capsule with the styles persistent and short. Styles bifurcate at the apex and reflexed, 1mm long, becoming purple, the stigmas recurved. Capsule to +/-7mm in diameter, 6-seeded, 6-valved, green, glabrous.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Gravel bars, limestone bluffs, knobs, glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This interesting species can be found in just a handful of southern Ozark counties. It is the only woody member of its family to be found in Missouri and is easy to identify because of its rounded leaves, small flowers, and habitat.
Steyermark wrote that perhaps this species was a relic from the time before the last Tertiary uplift which has survived because of adaptations to cold, drought, and exposure. The rest of the woody euphorbs are all tropical.
Stems - Woody, to +/-1.5m tall, erect, branching. Twigs ferruginous, with some long strigose hairs or glabrate, often with some vertical grooves, ribs, or angles.
Leaves - Alternate, short-petiolate to sub-sessile. Petioles to 2mm long, glabrous or with some hairs adaxially. Blades orbicular (more or less), entire, glabrous, deep green above, lighter below, +/-2.5cm long and broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary fascicles of few to many flowers. Fascicles subtended by ferruginous bracts. Bracts to 2mm long, .6mm broad (at the base), attenuate, ciliate-margined, with some hairs on both surfaces. Pedicels of flowers to 1.5cm long in pistillate flowers and shorter in staminate flowers, glabrous, thin.
Flowers - Staminate flowers with 4-5 petals and 4-5 sepals being similar, green, to 2mm long, 1.5mm broad, ovate to obovate, rounded at the apex. Sepals with some cilia on the margins. Petals and sepals mostly glabrous or with a few hairs externally. Stamens 5, erect, with green expanded nectaries at the base. The nectaries flattened, +/-1mm long. Filaments greenish, 1.5-2mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow to tan, .2-.3mm long. Styles 3, glabrous, greenish, 1.1-1.2mm long. Pistillate flowers with 5 sepals. Sepals accrescent, to 5mm long, 4mm broad, broadly obovate, glabrous, rounded at the apex. Capsule with the styles persistent and short. Styles bifurcate at the apex and reflexed, 1mm long, becoming purple, the stigmas recurved. Capsule to +/-7mm in diameter, 6-seeded, 6-valved, green, glabrous.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Gravel bars, limestone bluffs, knobs, glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This interesting species can be found in just a handful of southern Ozark counties. It is the only woody member of its family to be found in Missouri and is easy to identify because of its rounded leaves, small flowers, and habitat.
Steyermark wrote that perhaps this species was a relic from the time before the last Tertiary uplift which has survived because of adaptations to cold, drought, and exposure. The rest of the woody euphorbs are all tropical.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Euphorbiaceae
Stems - From a taproot, herbaceous, erect, branching, to +/-50cm tall, antrorse pubescent, single from the base.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-4cm long, antrorse pubescent. Blades lanceolate-rhombic to rhombic, crenate-serrate, deep green and sparse antrorse strigose above(with a somewhat shiny appearance), light green and mostly glabrous below(or with a few very sparse hairs on the veins), acute. to +/-7cm long, +/-4cm broad. Lowest pair of lateral veins coming from the base of the blade.
Inflorescence - Axillary bracteate androgynous racemes to 2cm long. Bracts subtending the female flowers serrate, to 1.3cm long, 1.5cm broad, mostly glabrous above, sparse pubescent and glandular below. Teeth of bracts to 5mm long, acute. Margins of teeth antrorse strigillose and glandular pubescent. Peduncle of male flowers densely antrorse pubescent. Pedicels of male flowers to .3mm long.
Flowers - Male flowers in capitate clusters terminating the peduncle. Flowers minute. Sepals 4, golden-green, antrorsely bent, .3mm long, acute to blunt. Stamens many. Female flowers apetalous, the sepals minute and green. Ovary 3-locular, pubescent. Styles 3, laciniate. Mature capsule to +/-2mm in diameter, pubescent at the apex. One seed per locule.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Open woods, moist soils, gravel bars, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This weedy species is found throughout Missouri. The plant is a member of the Euphorbiaceae but unlike many members of that family, it has clear sap. The typical plants from this family have milky white sap. This species can grow larger than the other members of this genus in Missouri.
Stems - From a taproot, herbaceous, erect, branching, to +/-50cm tall, antrorse pubescent, single from the base.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-4cm long, antrorse pubescent. Blades lanceolate-rhombic to rhombic, crenate-serrate, deep green and sparse antrorse strigose above(with a somewhat shiny appearance), light green and mostly glabrous below(or with a few very sparse hairs on the veins), acute. to +/-7cm long, +/-4cm broad. Lowest pair of lateral veins coming from the base of the blade.
Inflorescence - Axillary bracteate androgynous racemes to 2cm long. Bracts subtending the female flowers serrate, to 1.3cm long, 1.5cm broad, mostly glabrous above, sparse pubescent and glandular below. Teeth of bracts to 5mm long, acute. Margins of teeth antrorse strigillose and glandular pubescent. Peduncle of male flowers densely antrorse pubescent. Pedicels of male flowers to .3mm long.
Flowers - Male flowers in capitate clusters terminating the peduncle. Flowers minute. Sepals 4, golden-green, antrorsely bent, .3mm long, acute to blunt. Stamens many. Female flowers apetalous, the sepals minute and green. Ovary 3-locular, pubescent. Styles 3, laciniate. Mature capsule to +/-2mm in diameter, pubescent at the apex. One seed per locule.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Open woods, moist soils, gravel bars, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This weedy species is found throughout Missouri. The plant is a member of the Euphorbiaceae but unlike many members of that family, it has clear sap. The typical plants from this family have milky white sap. This species can grow larger than the other members of this genus in Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Euphorbiaceae
Stems - From a single taproot, erect, branching, herbaceous, often purplish with green vertical striations, glandular pubescent and with vertical lines of tomentoulose hairs extending downward from the leaf petiole bases, to 40cm tall.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-4cm long, puberulent and with some glandular pubescence near the apex, often reddish near the apex. Blades cordate at the base, ovate, acute at the apex, evenly serrate, to +5cm long, 3cm broad, sparse pubescent above and below. Blades appear peltate because of the strongly cordate base.
Inflorescence - Staminate inflorescences axillary, short pedunculate, cylindric, to +/-1cm long. Peduncles tomentose, 3mm long. Flowers dense, with a glabrous pedicel to .3mm long. Pistillate inflorescence terminal, cylindric, sessile, to +/-1.5cm long in flower, quickly elongating in fruit. Flowers dense, sessile. Each pistillate flower subtended by a sessile bract to 1.5mm broad. Bracts 10-lobed (or 5-lobed and the lobes divided), green. Lobes of the bracts linear, .6-.7mm long, aristate. Base of the bracts strigose.
Flowers - Staminate flowers with 4 translucent to green sepals. Sepals ovate, .4mm long, acute, often with some red tinge. Pistillate flowers with 3 styles. Styles deeply divided into long-attenuate to hairlike divisions to 3mm long. The divisions whitened in the apical 1/2. Ovary green, globose, 1mm in diameter in flower, with green papillae on the surface.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Moist open ground, fallow ground, cultivated areas, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This weedy species can be found in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to identify because of its cordate leaves, which appear peltate, and its terminal spike of pistillate flowers.
In cultivated areas and disturbed sites the plant can form large colonies.
Stems - From a single taproot, erect, branching, herbaceous, often purplish with green vertical striations, glandular pubescent and with vertical lines of tomentoulose hairs extending downward from the leaf petiole bases, to 40cm tall.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-4cm long, puberulent and with some glandular pubescence near the apex, often reddish near the apex. Blades cordate at the base, ovate, acute at the apex, evenly serrate, to +5cm long, 3cm broad, sparse pubescent above and below. Blades appear peltate because of the strongly cordate base.
Inflorescence - Staminate inflorescences axillary, short pedunculate, cylindric, to +/-1cm long. Peduncles tomentose, 3mm long. Flowers dense, with a glabrous pedicel to .3mm long. Pistillate inflorescence terminal, cylindric, sessile, to +/-1.5cm long in flower, quickly elongating in fruit. Flowers dense, sessile. Each pistillate flower subtended by a sessile bract to 1.5mm broad. Bracts 10-lobed (or 5-lobed and the lobes divided), green. Lobes of the bracts linear, .6-.7mm long, aristate. Base of the bracts strigose.
Flowers - Staminate flowers with 4 translucent to green sepals. Sepals ovate, .4mm long, acute, often with some red tinge. Pistillate flowers with 3 styles. Styles deeply divided into long-attenuate to hairlike divisions to 3mm long. The divisions whitened in the apical 1/2. Ovary green, globose, 1mm in diameter in flower, with green papillae on the surface.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Moist open ground, fallow ground, cultivated areas, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This weedy species can be found in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to identify because of its cordate leaves, which appear peltate, and its terminal spike of pistillate flowers.
In cultivated areas and disturbed sites the plant can form large colonies.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Euphorbiaceae
Stems - To +40cm tall, erect, simple or branching in the apical 1/2, single from a taproot and fibrous roots, herbaceous, typically reddish at least at the base, appressed pubescent, terete.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles +/-5mm long, antrorse pubescent. Blades linear-lanceolate to linear oblong, to +5cm long, 1cm broad, entire to shallow serrate or crenate, dull green above, light green below, punctate below, antrorse pubescent. Lowest pair of lateral veins emerging at or -1mm above the base of the leaf tissue.
Inflorescence - Brachtiate androgynous racemes to 8-9mm long. Bracts surrounding the pistillate flowers toothed, with 3-5 teeth on each margin, ciliate-margined, antrorse pubescent.
Flowers - Pistillate flowers minute, 3-4 per raceme. Ovary densely pubescent, .4-.6mm long. Style pubescent, -1mm long. Petals translucent, .5mm long, ciliate. Fruits pubescent, with one seed per carpel. Staminate flowers dense and terminating the raceme, in a capitate cluster to +/-5mm long. Petals 4, reflexed, cupped and deflexed at the apices, glabrous, whitish to golden yellow, ovate, acute, .4mm long. Pedicels glabrous, .5mm long, jointed in the middle. Anthers curled. Pollen yellow.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Rocky open glades, rocky prairies, low meadows, rocky open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species is found throughout much of Missouri but is less common in the northern 1/3 of the state. The plant can be identified by its linear-oblong leaves, short petioles, and appressed pubescent stems.
Stems - To +40cm tall, erect, simple or branching in the apical 1/2, single from a taproot and fibrous roots, herbaceous, typically reddish at least at the base, appressed pubescent, terete.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles +/-5mm long, antrorse pubescent. Blades linear-lanceolate to linear oblong, to +5cm long, 1cm broad, entire to shallow serrate or crenate, dull green above, light green below, punctate below, antrorse pubescent. Lowest pair of lateral veins emerging at or -1mm above the base of the leaf tissue.
Inflorescence - Brachtiate androgynous racemes to 8-9mm long. Bracts surrounding the pistillate flowers toothed, with 3-5 teeth on each margin, ciliate-margined, antrorse pubescent.
Flowers - Pistillate flowers minute, 3-4 per raceme. Ovary densely pubescent, .4-.6mm long. Style pubescent, -1mm long. Petals translucent, .5mm long, ciliate. Fruits pubescent, with one seed per carpel. Staminate flowers dense and terminating the raceme, in a capitate cluster to +/-5mm long. Petals 4, reflexed, cupped and deflexed at the apices, glabrous, whitish to golden yellow, ovate, acute, .4mm long. Pedicels glabrous, .5mm long, jointed in the middle. Anthers curled. Pollen yellow.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Rocky open glades, rocky prairies, low meadows, rocky open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species is found throughout much of Missouri but is less common in the northern 1/3 of the state. The plant can be identified by its linear-oblong leaves, short petioles, and appressed pubescent stems.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Scrophulariaceae
Stems - To +3m tall, erect, typically simple, from large fleshy roots, glabrous, 4-angled, (the angles rounded), fluted with a single groove on each side of stem, herbaceous. Pith white.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-7cm long, often purplish above, with an adaxial groove, sparse glandular pubescent. Blades cordate to truncate at base, serrate, ovate, acuminate, dull green and glabrous above, light green and puberulent on veins below, to +15cm long, +/-9cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary thrysoid panicles to 30cm long(tall). Each division of inflorescence subtended by gradually smaller linear bracts. Lowest division of inflorescence subtended by foliaceous bracts. Peduncles and pedicels with glandular pubescence. Glands deep purple to black, (use a lens to see the color). Pedicels to 1.5cm long in flower, slightly longer in fruit.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, greenish, glabrous, 8-9mm long. Upper lip 2-lobed. Lobes rounded, reddish or at least with reddish margins, -3mm in diameter. Lower lip 3-lobed. Central lobe reflexed. Lobes 2mm long, rounded. Style exserted, greenish-white, often deflexed on the central lobe of the lower lip of the corolla, sparsely glandular pubescent or glabrous. Stamens 4, didynamous, one pair slightly exserted by the lower lip of the corolla. Filaments to 4mm long, greenish-white, glandular pubescent. Anthers yellow, 1.3mm broad. Staminode purplish, adnate to the upper lip of the corolla, included. Ovary superior, green, ovoid, 1.2mm long, 1.2mm in diameter, subtended by a thick yellow nectariferous ring, 2-locular. Placentation axile. Seeds(ovules) many. Calyx green, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes ovate, 2mm long, 1.5mm broad, rounded at the apex. Calyx tube to -1mm long.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Rich woods, ravines, thickets, stream banks, woodland borders.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is found throughout Missouri. When not in flower, this species can be confused with another species, Agastache nepetoides (L.) O. Ktze., from the Lamiaceae. When in flower, though, S. marilandica is unmistakable because of its tall size and big open thrysoid panicles.
Steyermark lists two forms for the plant based on leaf pubescence but even he admits they are probably not valid.
Traditionally this species was used as a tea and a poultice for many ailments from fever to anxiety.
While I was out taking some of these pictures my co-worker Dan slipped and fell on this Copperhead:
Copperheads, Agkistrodon contortrix, are great snakes and this fine specimen didn't even try to bite and stayed very still so that we could take her picture.
Stems - To +3m tall, erect, typically simple, from large fleshy roots, glabrous, 4-angled, (the angles rounded), fluted with a single groove on each side of stem, herbaceous. Pith white.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-7cm long, often purplish above, with an adaxial groove, sparse glandular pubescent. Blades cordate to truncate at base, serrate, ovate, acuminate, dull green and glabrous above, light green and puberulent on veins below, to +15cm long, +/-9cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary thrysoid panicles to 30cm long(tall). Each division of inflorescence subtended by gradually smaller linear bracts. Lowest division of inflorescence subtended by foliaceous bracts. Peduncles and pedicels with glandular pubescence. Glands deep purple to black, (use a lens to see the color). Pedicels to 1.5cm long in flower, slightly longer in fruit.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, greenish, glabrous, 8-9mm long. Upper lip 2-lobed. Lobes rounded, reddish or at least with reddish margins, -3mm in diameter. Lower lip 3-lobed. Central lobe reflexed. Lobes 2mm long, rounded. Style exserted, greenish-white, often deflexed on the central lobe of the lower lip of the corolla, sparsely glandular pubescent or glabrous. Stamens 4, didynamous, one pair slightly exserted by the lower lip of the corolla. Filaments to 4mm long, greenish-white, glandular pubescent. Anthers yellow, 1.3mm broad. Staminode purplish, adnate to the upper lip of the corolla, included. Ovary superior, green, ovoid, 1.2mm long, 1.2mm in diameter, subtended by a thick yellow nectariferous ring, 2-locular. Placentation axile. Seeds(ovules) many. Calyx green, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes ovate, 2mm long, 1.5mm broad, rounded at the apex. Calyx tube to -1mm long.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Rich woods, ravines, thickets, stream banks, woodland borders.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is found throughout Missouri. When not in flower, this species can be confused with another species, Agastache nepetoides (L.) O. Ktze., from the Lamiaceae. When in flower, though, S. marilandica is unmistakable because of its tall size and big open thrysoid panicles.
Steyermark lists two forms for the plant based on leaf pubescence but even he admits they are probably not valid.
Traditionally this species was used as a tea and a poultice for many ailments from fever to anxiety.
While I was out taking some of these pictures my co-worker Dan slipped and fell on this Copperhead:
Copperheads, Agkistrodon contortrix, are great snakes and this fine specimen didn't even try to bite and stayed very still so that we could take her picture.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Caryophyllaceae
Stems - Multiple from the base, ascending, herbaceous, from a weak taproot. The horizontal portion of the stem with scarious scales. The erect flowering portion of the stem to +15cm tall, retrorse puberulent on half of the stem, sparsely pubescent on the other half, branching, terete.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, sessile, linear to subulate, entire, to +1cm long, 1mm broad, glabrous but ciliate-margined at the base. The bases of the opposite leaves connate, estipulate.
Inflorescence - Congested bracteate cymes or single axillary flowers. Flowers sessile. Bracts foliaceous.
Flowers - Petals absent. Sepals 5, green with lighter margins, lanceolate, to 3mm long, 1mm broad, glabrous. Hypanthium -2mm long, obconic. Stamens 5-10 (rarely less), erect, much shorter than the sepals. Filaments glabrous, .5mm long, broadened at the base and lining the edge of the hypanthium. Anthers bilobed, yellow, .2mm long and broad. Ovary green, superior, glabrous, 1mm long in flower. Styles 2, glabrous, 1mm long.
Flowering - March - October.
Habitat - Glades, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This little species is easily overlooked in the field because of its small size and weedy habit. The green flowers are easily missed also. The plant is, however, easy to ID in the field because of its small size, linear leaves, and green flowers.
Steyermark reported the plant in just one county. Since that time it has been found in two more counties and its range almost certainly will increase in Missouri with time.
Below is a mature specimen:
Stems - Multiple from the base, ascending, herbaceous, from a weak taproot. The horizontal portion of the stem with scarious scales. The erect flowering portion of the stem to +15cm tall, retrorse puberulent on half of the stem, sparsely pubescent on the other half, branching, terete.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, sessile, linear to subulate, entire, to +1cm long, 1mm broad, glabrous but ciliate-margined at the base. The bases of the opposite leaves connate, estipulate.
Inflorescence - Congested bracteate cymes or single axillary flowers. Flowers sessile. Bracts foliaceous.
Flowers - Petals absent. Sepals 5, green with lighter margins, lanceolate, to 3mm long, 1mm broad, glabrous. Hypanthium -2mm long, obconic. Stamens 5-10 (rarely less), erect, much shorter than the sepals. Filaments glabrous, .5mm long, broadened at the base and lining the edge of the hypanthium. Anthers bilobed, yellow, .2mm long and broad. Ovary green, superior, glabrous, 1mm long in flower. Styles 2, glabrous, 1mm long.
Flowering - March - October.
Habitat - Glades, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This little species is easily overlooked in the field because of its small size and weedy habit. The green flowers are easily missed also. The plant is, however, easy to ID in the field because of its small size, linear leaves, and green flowers.
Steyermark reported the plant in just one county. Since that time it has been found in two more counties and its range almost certainly will increase in Missouri with time.
Below is a mature specimen:
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Carophyllaceae
Stems - To 30cm tall, erect, from taproot, herbaceous, dichotomously branching, with retrorsely bent pubescence.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, stipulate, decussate. Blades oblong to linear-oblong or linear-oblanceolate, to 2.5cm long, +/-6mm broad, entire but with minute antrorse prickles on the margins, glabrous or with a few minute arachnoid hairs abaxially, acute. Stipules scarious, attenuate, to 4mm long, exceeding the fruits.
Inflorescence - Single sessile flowers from the axils of the branches.
Flowers - Apetalous. Calyx green, accrescent. Sepals to 1.3mm long, to .4mm broad, cupped and short-pointed at apex, entire, glabrous or with a few sparse hairs near base. Stamens 2, to .5mm long. Filaments glabrous, greenish. Anthers greenish, -.1mm broad. Styles 2, to .2mm long, green, glabrous. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, to .2mm long, .1mm in diameter, subglobose. Fruit an inflated capsule, 1-seeded, to .8mm in diameter, surrounded by persistent calyx.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Waste ground, rocky open ground, dry open woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This tiny species is found throughout Missouri but is often overlooked because of its small size. The plant is not striking and is often seen as nothing more than a weed. P. fastigiata prefers acidic, dry soils.
Stems - To 30cm tall, erect, from taproot, herbaceous, dichotomously branching, with retrorsely bent pubescence.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, stipulate, decussate. Blades oblong to linear-oblong or linear-oblanceolate, to 2.5cm long, +/-6mm broad, entire but with minute antrorse prickles on the margins, glabrous or with a few minute arachnoid hairs abaxially, acute. Stipules scarious, attenuate, to 4mm long, exceeding the fruits.
Inflorescence - Single sessile flowers from the axils of the branches.
Flowers - Apetalous. Calyx green, accrescent. Sepals to 1.3mm long, to .4mm broad, cupped and short-pointed at apex, entire, glabrous or with a few sparse hairs near base. Stamens 2, to .5mm long. Filaments glabrous, greenish. Anthers greenish, -.1mm broad. Styles 2, to .2mm long, green, glabrous. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, to .2mm long, .1mm in diameter, subglobose. Fruit an inflated capsule, 1-seeded, to .8mm in diameter, surrounded by persistent calyx.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Waste ground, rocky open ground, dry open woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This tiny species is found throughout Missouri but is often overlooked because of its small size. The plant is not striking and is often seen as nothing more than a weed. P. fastigiata prefers acidic, dry soils.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Araliaceae
Stems - Solitary from big root, to 50cm tall ,glabrous, green, erect, herbaceous, fragrant.
Leaves - Whorled, 3 or 4 in number, palmately 5-foliate. Petioles glabrous, to 10cm long. Petiolules to +/-2cm long, glabrous, with a shallow adaxial groove. Leaflets to +/-10cm long, +/-6cm broad, abruptly acuminate, double serrate, obovate, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Solitary terminal pedunculate umbel with +/-25 flowers. Peduncle to +10cm long, glabrous. Pedicels to 3mm in flower, longer in fruit, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals whitish-green, +/-2mm long, 1.1mm broad, glabrous, slightly keeled abaxially, ovate to subulate, rounded at apex. Stamens 5, erect. Filaments glabrous, 2mm long, greenish-white. Anthers whitish, 1.1mm long. Style(s) green, glabrous, to 1.5mm long. Calyx green, glabrous, 2mm long in flower, 5-toothed. Teeth minute, broadly triangular, acute, .5mm long. Ovary inferior, 2-locular, with a nectariferous ring at apex. Drupes red when ripe, to 1cm broad, glabrous.
Flowering - June - July.
Habitat - Wooded slopes, moist ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - "Ginseng", as this popular species is often called, is becoming very rare in Missouri and over much of its range due to over-collecting for medicinal use. The plant is believed to have medicinal uses ranging from an being an aphrodisiac to a cancer fighter. Because of the high demand for the plant, it is rarely found growing wild.
Populations of this species have been successfully cultivated and this may be its only chance for survival as a species.
Stems - Solitary from big root, to 50cm tall ,glabrous, green, erect, herbaceous, fragrant.
Leaves - Whorled, 3 or 4 in number, palmately 5-foliate. Petioles glabrous, to 10cm long. Petiolules to +/-2cm long, glabrous, with a shallow adaxial groove. Leaflets to +/-10cm long, +/-6cm broad, abruptly acuminate, double serrate, obovate, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Solitary terminal pedunculate umbel with +/-25 flowers. Peduncle to +10cm long, glabrous. Pedicels to 3mm in flower, longer in fruit, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals whitish-green, +/-2mm long, 1.1mm broad, glabrous, slightly keeled abaxially, ovate to subulate, rounded at apex. Stamens 5, erect. Filaments glabrous, 2mm long, greenish-white. Anthers whitish, 1.1mm long. Style(s) green, glabrous, to 1.5mm long. Calyx green, glabrous, 2mm long in flower, 5-toothed. Teeth minute, broadly triangular, acute, .5mm long. Ovary inferior, 2-locular, with a nectariferous ring at apex. Drupes red when ripe, to 1cm broad, glabrous.
Flowering - June - July.
Habitat - Wooded slopes, moist ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - "Ginseng", as this popular species is often called, is becoming very rare in Missouri and over much of its range due to over-collecting for medicinal use. The plant is believed to have medicinal uses ranging from an being an aphrodisiac to a cancer fighter. Because of the high demand for the plant, it is rarely found growing wild.
Populations of this species have been successfully cultivated and this may be its only chance for survival as a species.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Asclepiadaceae
Stems - Herbaceous, vining, twining, terete, with milky sap, multiple from the base, to many meters long, pubescent with long multicellular hairs and short glandular hairs. Some hairs with pustulate bases.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +/-10cm long, less pubescent than the stem, terete. Blades ovate, cordate, acute, entire, to +/-20cm long, +/-10cm broad, densely glandular pubescent below (the hairs with the gland below the apex and with a sharp tip), less pubescent adaxially, dull green adaxially, light green abaxially.
Inflorescence - Axillary umbellate clusters of 2-10 flowers. Pedicels sparsely short pubescent with the same hairs as the leaves, to 1.5cm long. Pedicels with small subulate bracts at the base (1 per pedicel). Bracts to 1.5cm long, .3mm broad, ciliate-margined.
Flowers - Petals 5, united at the base, spreading, -1cm long, +/-3mm broad at the base, narrowly triangular, entire, olive-green, with a thin light margin, glabrous. Column short (1-1.5mm tall), +/-3mm broad (diameter), green at the apex, subtended by a large yellowish nectary. Pollinia -1mm long (total). Terminator purplish. Pollen sacs greenish (olive). Pistils 2, glabrous, with vertical ribs, 2mm long in flower. Sepals 5, green, subulate-ovate, to +/-3mm long, 2mm broad, glabrous, entire, with the apices recurved. Sometimes the sepals with short cilia at the apex.
Flowering - July - August.
Habitat - Rocky woods, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This interesting species can be found only in extreme southern Missouri and only in a handful of counties. The plant is not rare, it just reaches the northern edge of its range in Missouri.
M. gonocarpa is easy to identify in the field because of its big cordate leaves, vining habit, and greenish star-shaped flowers.
Stems - Herbaceous, vining, twining, terete, with milky sap, multiple from the base, to many meters long, pubescent with long multicellular hairs and short glandular hairs. Some hairs with pustulate bases.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +/-10cm long, less pubescent than the stem, terete. Blades ovate, cordate, acute, entire, to +/-20cm long, +/-10cm broad, densely glandular pubescent below (the hairs with the gland below the apex and with a sharp tip), less pubescent adaxially, dull green adaxially, light green abaxially.
Inflorescence - Axillary umbellate clusters of 2-10 flowers. Pedicels sparsely short pubescent with the same hairs as the leaves, to 1.5cm long. Pedicels with small subulate bracts at the base (1 per pedicel). Bracts to 1.5cm long, .3mm broad, ciliate-margined.
Flowers - Petals 5, united at the base, spreading, -1cm long, +/-3mm broad at the base, narrowly triangular, entire, olive-green, with a thin light margin, glabrous. Column short (1-1.5mm tall), +/-3mm broad (diameter), green at the apex, subtended by a large yellowish nectary. Pollinia -1mm long (total). Terminator purplish. Pollen sacs greenish (olive). Pistils 2, glabrous, with vertical ribs, 2mm long in flower. Sepals 5, green, subulate-ovate, to +/-3mm long, 2mm broad, glabrous, entire, with the apices recurved. Sometimes the sepals with short cilia at the apex.
Flowering - July - August.
Habitat - Rocky woods, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This interesting species can be found only in extreme southern Missouri and only in a handful of counties. The plant is not rare, it just reaches the northern edge of its range in Missouri.
M. gonocarpa is easy to identify in the field because of its big cordate leaves, vining habit, and greenish star-shaped flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Dioscoreaceae
Stems - To +3m long, vining, twining, herbaceous, from thickened tubers, glabrous.
Leaves - Lower leaves in whorls of 4-many, petiolate, upper leaves whorled or alternate. Petioles to +6cm long, glabrous, thickened at the base. Blades cordate, entire, acute to acuminate, +/-12cm long, +/-10cm broad, typically with 9-11 veins, glabrous, shiny to dull green.
Inflorescence - Staminate inflorescences of axillary panicles to +/-10cm long. Axis of inflorescence glabrous. Each division if the panicles typically subtended by small subulate bracts. Bracts to 2mm long. Flowers sessile, typically 2 at a node. Flowers subtended by a broadly ovate bract. Bracts glabrous, scarious in the apical half, 1.2mm long and broad.
Pistillate inflorescences not seen.
Flowers - Staminate flowers - Perianth segments 6, green, glabrous, spreading, obovate to elliptic, -2mm long, with slightly scarious margins. Stamens 6, adnate at the base of the perianth segments, erect. Filaments green, glabrous, short, .2-.3mm long. Anthers bi-lobed, whitish, .2-.4mm broad.
Pistillate flowers not seen.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Rich and/or rocky woods, talus slopes, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This vine can be found in the southeastern corner of Missouri. The plant is easy to identify because of its whorled leaves. I did not get the chance to take pics of the pistillate inflorescences or flowers last season. Maybe this year...
Another species, D. villosa L., is very similar and many botanists think the two should be lumped as one species. Currently they are still separated on differences in their root structure and fruit size. D. villosa is also supposed to have 3 or less leaves at a node whereas D. quaternata has 4 or more. This characteristic doesn't always hold in the field however. Plants found anywhere in Missouri other than the southeast corner of the state are D. villosa.
Stems - To +3m long, vining, twining, herbaceous, from thickened tubers, glabrous.
Leaves - Lower leaves in whorls of 4-many, petiolate, upper leaves whorled or alternate. Petioles to +6cm long, glabrous, thickened at the base. Blades cordate, entire, acute to acuminate, +/-12cm long, +/-10cm broad, typically with 9-11 veins, glabrous, shiny to dull green.
Inflorescence - Staminate inflorescences of axillary panicles to +/-10cm long. Axis of inflorescence glabrous. Each division if the panicles typically subtended by small subulate bracts. Bracts to 2mm long. Flowers sessile, typically 2 at a node. Flowers subtended by a broadly ovate bract. Bracts glabrous, scarious in the apical half, 1.2mm long and broad.
Pistillate inflorescences not seen.
Flowers - Staminate flowers - Perianth segments 6, green, glabrous, spreading, obovate to elliptic, -2mm long, with slightly scarious margins. Stamens 6, adnate at the base of the perianth segments, erect. Filaments green, glabrous, short, .2-.3mm long. Anthers bi-lobed, whitish, .2-.4mm broad.
Pistillate flowers not seen.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Rich and/or rocky woods, talus slopes, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This vine can be found in the southeastern corner of Missouri. The plant is easy to identify because of its whorled leaves. I did not get the chance to take pics of the pistillate inflorescences or flowers last season. Maybe this year...
Another species, D. villosa L., is very similar and many botanists think the two should be lumped as one species. Currently they are still separated on differences in their root structure and fruit size. D. villosa is also supposed to have 3 or less leaves at a node whereas D. quaternata has 4 or more. This characteristic doesn't always hold in the field however. Plants found anywhere in Missouri other than the southeast corner of the state are D. villosa.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Asclepiadaceae
Stems - Typically erect, +/-60cm tall, often purplish, weakly 4-angled, (the angles rounded), tomentoulose, from a taproot, simple, with milky sap, herbaceous.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, short-petiolate, with more than 6 pairs per stem, variable in shape. Petioles 2-3mm long, often with a reddish tinge. Blades typically lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate or oblong, entire, (the margins wavy and minutely antrorse strigillose), to +/-9cm long, +/-4cm broad, reduced above, often ascending, pubescent above and below, acute with a slightly hardened tip. Venation anastomosing. Midrib distinctly whitish below.
Inflorescence - Typically 1-3 compound umbels near the apex of the stem. Umbels short-pedunculate, arising from the sides of the stem near the leaf nodes. Peduncles tomentose, 2-3mm long. Pedicels pilose, +/-1cm, long.
Flowers - Petals 5, light green, subulate, reflexed, +/-7mm long, 2.1mm broad, glabrous internally, sparse pubescent externally, sometimes with involute margins. Hoods reduced, not exceeding the anther column, glabrous, light green, -4mm long, +/-1mm broad. Anther column green, white at the apex, 3.5-4mm long. Horns absent. Pollinia 3mm long, long-beaked, translator deep purplish-brown. Pistils 2, 3mm long, greenish-white, glabrous.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Rocky prairies and glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is common if you explore its preferred habitat. The plant is absent in most of the north-central portions of the state though. The flowers of this species are not as showy as other members of the genus but attract many insects just the same. If you look closely at the close-up flower picture above you can see a partially exserted pollinia which was pulled free by an insect. For more about the pollination of the milkweeds, see the Asclepias syriaca page of this website.
Stems - Typically erect, +/-60cm tall, often purplish, weakly 4-angled, (the angles rounded), tomentoulose, from a taproot, simple, with milky sap, herbaceous.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, short-petiolate, with more than 6 pairs per stem, variable in shape. Petioles 2-3mm long, often with a reddish tinge. Blades typically lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate or oblong, entire, (the margins wavy and minutely antrorse strigillose), to +/-9cm long, +/-4cm broad, reduced above, often ascending, pubescent above and below, acute with a slightly hardened tip. Venation anastomosing. Midrib distinctly whitish below.
Inflorescence - Typically 1-3 compound umbels near the apex of the stem. Umbels short-pedunculate, arising from the sides of the stem near the leaf nodes. Peduncles tomentose, 2-3mm long. Pedicels pilose, +/-1cm, long.
Flowers - Petals 5, light green, subulate, reflexed, +/-7mm long, 2.1mm broad, glabrous internally, sparse pubescent externally, sometimes with involute margins. Hoods reduced, not exceeding the anther column, glabrous, light green, -4mm long, +/-1mm broad. Anther column green, white at the apex, 3.5-4mm long. Horns absent. Pollinia 3mm long, long-beaked, translator deep purplish-brown. Pistils 2, 3mm long, greenish-white, glabrous.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Rocky prairies and glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is common if you explore its preferred habitat. The plant is absent in most of the north-central portions of the state though. The flowers of this species are not as showy as other members of the genus but attract many insects just the same. If you look closely at the close-up flower picture above you can see a partially exserted pollinia which was pulled free by an insect. For more about the pollination of the milkweeds, see the Asclepias syriaca page of this website.
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