文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Ranunculaceae
Stems - To +60cm tall, erect, single or typically multiple from the base, fistulose, herbaceous, typically purplish, branching, antrorse appressed pubescent or slightly spreading pubescent, from a thickened corm-like base and thickened roots.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, becoming sessile above, the bases of the basal leaves spreading and surrounding the corm-like base of the plant. Petioles to +15cm long, long antrorse pubescent, with a deep adaxial groove. Stipule-like appendages at the base of the leaves scarious, sometimes with two squarish auricles at the apical end. Leaf blades pubescent above and below, trifoliolate, ovate in outline, to +6cm long, +7cm long. Leaflets of the basal leaves often 3-lobed again. Ultimate divisions of leaves acute. Terminal leaflet on petiolule to +2cm long. Lateral leaflets on petiolule to 6-7mm long. Terminal leaflet slightly larger and more deeply lobed. Leaves reduced upward, becoming sessile and just 3-lobed. Lobes entire, linear to oblanceolate, subacute, pubescent.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal pedunculate flowers. Peduncles to +15cm long, appressed pubescent, green, carinate or not, a small leaf occasionally present on peduncle or not.
Flowers - Petals 5, shiny yellow adaxially, pale yellow below, glabrous, to 1.5cm broad and long, broadly obovate to orbicular. Stamens many (+50), borne below the carpels. Filaments to +7mm long, glabrous, yellowish. Anthers yellow, to 3mm long, oblong. Carpels glabrous, compressed, green, to 3mm long in flower, quickly expanding in fruit. Receptacle pubescent. Sepals 5, reflexed in flower, greenish yellow, to 1.5cm long, 5mm broad at the base, pilose adaxially, glabrous adaxially, subulate-triangular, often reddish at the apex and/or with a red midvein.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Wet open pastures, orchards, grassy open fields, roadsides.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This weedy species was reported by Steyermark in just one county but it has since spread into much of the state. The plant can be identified by its bulbosus base and slightly thickened roots. The divided leaves and reflexed sepals are also good characteristics to help with a proper ID.
This is a variable plant in the amount of pubescence of the stem and leaves.
Stems - To +60cm tall, erect, single or typically multiple from the base, fistulose, herbaceous, typically purplish, branching, antrorse appressed pubescent or slightly spreading pubescent, from a thickened corm-like base and thickened roots.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, becoming sessile above, the bases of the basal leaves spreading and surrounding the corm-like base of the plant. Petioles to +15cm long, long antrorse pubescent, with a deep adaxial groove. Stipule-like appendages at the base of the leaves scarious, sometimes with two squarish auricles at the apical end. Leaf blades pubescent above and below, trifoliolate, ovate in outline, to +6cm long, +7cm long. Leaflets of the basal leaves often 3-lobed again. Ultimate divisions of leaves acute. Terminal leaflet on petiolule to +2cm long. Lateral leaflets on petiolule to 6-7mm long. Terminal leaflet slightly larger and more deeply lobed. Leaves reduced upward, becoming sessile and just 3-lobed. Lobes entire, linear to oblanceolate, subacute, pubescent.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal pedunculate flowers. Peduncles to +15cm long, appressed pubescent, green, carinate or not, a small leaf occasionally present on peduncle or not.
Flowers - Petals 5, shiny yellow adaxially, pale yellow below, glabrous, to 1.5cm broad and long, broadly obovate to orbicular. Stamens many (+50), borne below the carpels. Filaments to +7mm long, glabrous, yellowish. Anthers yellow, to 3mm long, oblong. Carpels glabrous, compressed, green, to 3mm long in flower, quickly expanding in fruit. Receptacle pubescent. Sepals 5, reflexed in flower, greenish yellow, to 1.5cm long, 5mm broad at the base, pilose adaxially, glabrous adaxially, subulate-triangular, often reddish at the apex and/or with a red midvein.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Wet open pastures, orchards, grassy open fields, roadsides.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This weedy species was reported by Steyermark in just one county but it has since spread into much of the state. The plant can be identified by its bulbosus base and slightly thickened roots. The divided leaves and reflexed sepals are also good characteristics to help with a proper ID.
This is a variable plant in the amount of pubescence of the stem and leaves.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Ranunculaceae
Stems - Herbaceous, from fibrous roots, multiple from base, branching, glabrous, to +50cm tall but typically shorter, erect.
Leaves - Basal leaves petiolate, un-lobed to lobed. Petiole to 15cm long, pubescent adaxially, petiole reduced on lobed basal leaves. Blade of un-lobed leaves reniform, crenate, to 5cm long, 6cm broad, glabrous, ciliate at basal margin. Lobed basal leaves with typically three lobes, the lobes crenate.
Cauline leaves sessile to short petiolate, 3-lobed (occasionally each lobe divided again). Lobes linear to oblanceolate, entire to crenate, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Single terminal flowers on long peduncle. Peduncle to +9cm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 5, yellow, lanceolate, 3mm long, 1.5mm broad, glabrous. Stamens +20, from base of pistils. Filaments yellow, -1mm long. Anthers yellow. Pistils many, forming a globose head to +/-5mm long (tall), +/-4mm in diameter. Sepals 5, spreading to reflexed, oval to elliptic, cupped, green with scarious margins, 3-4mm long, 2.2mm broad, glabrous or with a few straight hairs. Achenes glabrous, -2mm long when mature, slightly compressed, with minute beak to .1mm long.
Flowering - March - June.
Habitat - Slopes, streambanks, woods, ravines, ditches, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a very common plant in the state and one of the first signs that spring is truly arriving. This species and other woodland species are typically the first plants to bloom in spring. The flowers are very small but easy to spot against the dark woodland floor.The plant can be found in moist areas of the habitats mentioned above.
Stems - Herbaceous, from fibrous roots, multiple from base, branching, glabrous, to +50cm tall but typically shorter, erect.
Leaves - Basal leaves petiolate, un-lobed to lobed. Petiole to 15cm long, pubescent adaxially, petiole reduced on lobed basal leaves. Blade of un-lobed leaves reniform, crenate, to 5cm long, 6cm broad, glabrous, ciliate at basal margin. Lobed basal leaves with typically three lobes, the lobes crenate.
Cauline leaves sessile to short petiolate, 3-lobed (occasionally each lobe divided again). Lobes linear to oblanceolate, entire to crenate, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Single terminal flowers on long peduncle. Peduncle to +9cm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 5, yellow, lanceolate, 3mm long, 1.5mm broad, glabrous. Stamens +20, from base of pistils. Filaments yellow, -1mm long. Anthers yellow. Pistils many, forming a globose head to +/-5mm long (tall), +/-4mm in diameter. Sepals 5, spreading to reflexed, oval to elliptic, cupped, green with scarious margins, 3-4mm long, 2.2mm broad, glabrous or with a few straight hairs. Achenes glabrous, -2mm long when mature, slightly compressed, with minute beak to .1mm long.
Flowering - March - June.
Habitat - Slopes, streambanks, woods, ravines, ditches, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a very common plant in the state and one of the first signs that spring is truly arriving. This species and other woodland species are typically the first plants to bloom in spring. The flowers are very small but easy to spot against the dark woodland floor.The plant can be found in moist areas of the habitats mentioned above.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Rosaceae
Stems - To +50cm tall, herbaceous, hirsute (with simple and gland-tipped pubescence), branching, multiple from base, from thick caudex.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate to sessile, palmately compound, stipulate. Stipules to 3.5cm long, -1cm broad, hirsute, lance-ovate, laciniate in upper portions. Petioles to +11cm long, hirsute to pilose, with some gland-tipped pubescence. Blades with 5-7 leaflets. Leaflets serrate, oblanceolate, to +8cm long, +2.5cm broad, hirsute to pilose below, pubescent above. Upper leaves becoming sessile, typically trifoliolate.
Inflorescence - Terminal loose cymes. Pedicels pilose to hirsute, often subtended by reduced foliaceous bracts.
Flowers - Petals 5, yellow to pale yellow, glabrous, obcordate to emarginate, 1.5cm long and broad. Stamens many (+20). Filaments filiform, to 4mm long. Anthers yellow, 1.8mm long. Carpels many, yellowish. Styles thick near base, tuberculate, yellow. Hypanthium cup-shaped, +6mm broad, pilose to hirsute. Bracts subtending sepals 5, lanceolate, 3-nerved, to 1cm long, 3mm broad. Sepals subulate to ovate-lanceolate, keeled, to 8mm long, 4.5mm broad, hirsute to pilose. Calyx accrescent. Achenes oblique-ovate, to 1.3mm long, slightly winged on margins.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Fields, meadows, pastures, waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - P. recta is a common roadsides weed throughout Missouri. If left untouched it can form large clumps, as shown above. The flowers of this species are quite showy and the species is suitable for a low maintenance garden. Care should be taken not to spread the plant in the wild as it is introduced. There are many other species of Potentilla growing wild in Missouri, this is the most showy.
Stems - To +50cm tall, herbaceous, hirsute (with simple and gland-tipped pubescence), branching, multiple from base, from thick caudex.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate to sessile, palmately compound, stipulate. Stipules to 3.5cm long, -1cm broad, hirsute, lance-ovate, laciniate in upper portions. Petioles to +11cm long, hirsute to pilose, with some gland-tipped pubescence. Blades with 5-7 leaflets. Leaflets serrate, oblanceolate, to +8cm long, +2.5cm broad, hirsute to pilose below, pubescent above. Upper leaves becoming sessile, typically trifoliolate.
Inflorescence - Terminal loose cymes. Pedicels pilose to hirsute, often subtended by reduced foliaceous bracts.
Flowers - Petals 5, yellow to pale yellow, glabrous, obcordate to emarginate, 1.5cm long and broad. Stamens many (+20). Filaments filiform, to 4mm long. Anthers yellow, 1.8mm long. Carpels many, yellowish. Styles thick near base, tuberculate, yellow. Hypanthium cup-shaped, +6mm broad, pilose to hirsute. Bracts subtending sepals 5, lanceolate, 3-nerved, to 1cm long, 3mm broad. Sepals subulate to ovate-lanceolate, keeled, to 8mm long, 4.5mm broad, hirsute to pilose. Calyx accrescent. Achenes oblique-ovate, to 1.3mm long, slightly winged on margins.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Fields, meadows, pastures, waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - P. recta is a common roadsides weed throughout Missouri. If left untouched it can form large clumps, as shown above. The flowers of this species are quite showy and the species is suitable for a low maintenance garden. Care should be taken not to spread the plant in the wild as it is introduced. There are many other species of Potentilla growing wild in Missouri, this is the most showy.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Rosaceae
Stems - To .75m tall, multiple from base, erect to ascending, herbaceous, from a taproot, branching, hirsute (hairs with swollen bases), green but becoming dark red in strong sun.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, petiolate, stipulate, much reduced upward. Stipules typically 4-5-lobed, to 3cm long, sparse pubescent above, ciliate-margined. Lobes acute. Petioles to 10cm long, hirsute, with adaxial groove. Lateral leaflets sessile, hirsute, ovate-oblong, to 5cm long, 3cm broad, serrate. Teeth acute, often with reddish tips. Terminal leaflet oval to broadly elliptic, on petiolule to 7mm long, hirsute.
Inflorescence - Axillary bracteate cymes. Pedicels to 9mm long(in flower), elongating in fruit, pilose to hirsute.
Flowers - To +/-1.2cm broad. Petals 5, distinct, yellow, glabrous, emarginate, 3.5mm long, 3mm broad. Stamens many(+/-20). Filaments yellowish, to 2mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .4mm broad. Carpels many, yellowish. Hypanthium flattish, 5-6mm in diameter, densely pubescent. Sepals 5, accrescent, subtended by 5 bracts. Sepals and bracts deep green and typically with reddish tips. Sepals acuminate, 5mm long, 3mm broad at base. Bracts lance-oblong, 4-5mm long, 2mm broad, acute, ciliate-margined, appressed pubescent. Achenes brownish, rugose, to 1.3mm long.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Fields, meadows, pastures, prairies, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is found scattered throughout the state of Missouri. Our plants belong to variety norvegica which has hirsute stems and leaves. Another variety, var. labradorica (Lehm.) Fern., has glabrous stems and leaves but does not occur in our area.
Stems - To .75m tall, multiple from base, erect to ascending, herbaceous, from a taproot, branching, hirsute (hairs with swollen bases), green but becoming dark red in strong sun.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, petiolate, stipulate, much reduced upward. Stipules typically 4-5-lobed, to 3cm long, sparse pubescent above, ciliate-margined. Lobes acute. Petioles to 10cm long, hirsute, with adaxial groove. Lateral leaflets sessile, hirsute, ovate-oblong, to 5cm long, 3cm broad, serrate. Teeth acute, often with reddish tips. Terminal leaflet oval to broadly elliptic, on petiolule to 7mm long, hirsute.
Inflorescence - Axillary bracteate cymes. Pedicels to 9mm long(in flower), elongating in fruit, pilose to hirsute.
Flowers - To +/-1.2cm broad. Petals 5, distinct, yellow, glabrous, emarginate, 3.5mm long, 3mm broad. Stamens many(+/-20). Filaments yellowish, to 2mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .4mm broad. Carpels many, yellowish. Hypanthium flattish, 5-6mm in diameter, densely pubescent. Sepals 5, accrescent, subtended by 5 bracts. Sepals and bracts deep green and typically with reddish tips. Sepals acuminate, 5mm long, 3mm broad at base. Bracts lance-oblong, 4-5mm long, 2mm broad, acute, ciliate-margined, appressed pubescent. Achenes brownish, rugose, to 1.3mm long.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Fields, meadows, pastures, prairies, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is found scattered throughout the state of Missouri. Our plants belong to variety norvegica which has hirsute stems and leaves. Another variety, var. labradorica (Lehm.) Fern., has glabrous stems and leaves but does not occur in our area.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Portulacaceae
Stems - From stout taproot, multiple from base, prostrate, greenish with some red tinge, branching, succulent, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile or very short petiolate (+/-1mm), glabrous, oblanceolate to obovate, obtuse to truncate at apex, tapering slightly to base, entire, glabrous, succulent, to 3cm long, 1.2cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single or few flowers terminating stems.
Flowers - Petals 5, yellow, glabrous, 3-4mm long, 2.5-3mm broad, distinct. Stamens 6-10. Filaments 1mm long, translucent yellow, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .2-.3mm broad. Style 5-lobed, 1.1mm long, glabrous. Calyx tube to 2mm long, glabrous, green, 2-lobed, with transverse groove. Lobes subequal to unequal, to 4mm long, glabrous, acute. Capsule circumsissle, to +5mm long (tall). Seeds many. Placentation free central.
capsules with seeds.
Flowering - June - November.
Habitat - Cultivated and waste ground, rocky bluffs, glades. roadsides.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This small plant is becoming common throughout Missouri. The succulent nature of the plant allows it to survive in habitats barren habitats.
Although I have the flower parts labeled as "petals", "sepals", and "calyx" above, this is not technically correct. The perianth is actually composed of an involucre of 2 bracts - the "sepals" above, and 4-6 petaloid tepals - the "petals" above. The ovary is partially inferior.
This species is edible (it's quite tasty) and is often called "Pusley." It was also used traditionally as an ointment for burns.
Stems - From stout taproot, multiple from base, prostrate, greenish with some red tinge, branching, succulent, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile or very short petiolate (+/-1mm), glabrous, oblanceolate to obovate, obtuse to truncate at apex, tapering slightly to base, entire, glabrous, succulent, to 3cm long, 1.2cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single or few flowers terminating stems.
Flowers - Petals 5, yellow, glabrous, 3-4mm long, 2.5-3mm broad, distinct. Stamens 6-10. Filaments 1mm long, translucent yellow, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .2-.3mm broad. Style 5-lobed, 1.1mm long, glabrous. Calyx tube to 2mm long, glabrous, green, 2-lobed, with transverse groove. Lobes subequal to unequal, to 4mm long, glabrous, acute. Capsule circumsissle, to +5mm long (tall). Seeds many. Placentation free central.
capsules with seeds.
Flowering - June - November.
Habitat - Cultivated and waste ground, rocky bluffs, glades. roadsides.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This small plant is becoming common throughout Missouri. The succulent nature of the plant allows it to survive in habitats barren habitats.
Although I have the flower parts labeled as "petals", "sepals", and "calyx" above, this is not technically correct. The perianth is actually composed of an involucre of 2 bracts - the "sepals" above, and 4-6 petaloid tepals - the "petals" above. The ovary is partially inferior.
This species is edible (it's quite tasty) and is often called "Pusley." It was also used traditionally as an ointment for burns.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Solanaceae
Stems - To +1m tall, from caudex (well below ground), herbaceous, angled, purple-green, glabrous or with a few appressed hairs on angles (strigillose), minutely winged on angles, (wings -1mm broad), branching (divergent) above, typically erect but also reclining with age.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Blade lanceolate to ovate, glabrous or sparse pubescent above, typically oblique at base, to +15cm long, +9cm broad. Margins entire to sinuate or coarsely dentate. Midrib purple with antrorse appressed pubescence. Petiole to +4cm long, winged.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers on peduncle to 2cm long. Peduncles antrorse strigillose, elongating in fruit.
Flowers - Pendant. Corolla funnelform, +2cm broad, sparse pubescent externally, dense pubescent(tomentose) internally in tube, yellow with purple at base. Corolla tube 5-6mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube. Filaments thick, purple, clavate, glabrous, 5-6mm long. Anthers yellow 3.5mm long. Ovary green, glabrous, subglobose, 2-locular. Calyx tubular, 5-lobed, antrorse strigose. Tube to 5mm long. Lobes acuminate, to 6mm long, 4mm broad at base. Calyx tube inflating at maturity and surrounding fruit, to 3cm long, -3cm in diameter. Fruit pendant.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Rich woods, ravines, bases of slopes, streambanks, thickets, pastures, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Steyermark lists 4 variations for this species. I will not go into those here as it may be that they are no longer considered valid. Regardless, Physalis longifolia is probably the most common species in the genus found in Missouri. The plant can look like a little "tree" with a single straight stem and "canopy" of branches near the apex, or, the plant can grow very low and almost sprawl.
The "Tomatilla", which is found in many stores now, is also from the genus Physalis. Some of our species are edible while raw, some need to be cooked first. P. longifolia should be cooked first.
Stems - To +1m tall, from caudex (well below ground), herbaceous, angled, purple-green, glabrous or with a few appressed hairs on angles (strigillose), minutely winged on angles, (wings -1mm broad), branching (divergent) above, typically erect but also reclining with age.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Blade lanceolate to ovate, glabrous or sparse pubescent above, typically oblique at base, to +15cm long, +9cm broad. Margins entire to sinuate or coarsely dentate. Midrib purple with antrorse appressed pubescence. Petiole to +4cm long, winged.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers on peduncle to 2cm long. Peduncles antrorse strigillose, elongating in fruit.
Flowers - Pendant. Corolla funnelform, +2cm broad, sparse pubescent externally, dense pubescent(tomentose) internally in tube, yellow with purple at base. Corolla tube 5-6mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube. Filaments thick, purple, clavate, glabrous, 5-6mm long. Anthers yellow 3.5mm long. Ovary green, glabrous, subglobose, 2-locular. Calyx tubular, 5-lobed, antrorse strigose. Tube to 5mm long. Lobes acuminate, to 6mm long, 4mm broad at base. Calyx tube inflating at maturity and surrounding fruit, to 3cm long, -3cm in diameter. Fruit pendant.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Rich woods, ravines, bases of slopes, streambanks, thickets, pastures, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Steyermark lists 4 variations for this species. I will not go into those here as it may be that they are no longer considered valid. Regardless, Physalis longifolia is probably the most common species in the genus found in Missouri. The plant can look like a little "tree" with a single straight stem and "canopy" of branches near the apex, or, the plant can grow very low and almost sprawl.
The "Tomatilla", which is found in many stores now, is also from the genus Physalis. Some of our species are edible while raw, some need to be cooked first. P. longifolia should be cooked first.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Solanaceae
Stems - Erect, from tough horizontal rhizomes, to 50cm tall, herbaceous, terete, densely glandular pubescent, branching, often purplish at the nodes. Hairs of the stem often branching and of different lengths.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +1.5cm long, pubescent as the stem. Blades ovate, typically cordate with a few coarse, irregular teeth on margins, acute, to +6cm long, -5cm broad, sericeous above, less so below, glandular pubescent on both surfaces.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from the leaf axils. Flowers nodding. Pedicels to -1cm in flower, longer in fruit, densely glandular pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla yellow externally, purplish at base internally, funnelform, glandular pubescent externally, glabrous internally except at very base, to +/-1.5cm broad. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube, included, surrounded by tufts of white hairs (the hairs branching). Filaments purple, clavate, glabrous at apex, 3-4mm long. Anthers yellow to purple, 3-4mm long. Ovary superior, yellow, 1.5mm long, 2mm in diameter, glabrous, subtended by a green nectary, 2-locular, placentation axile. Seeds (ovules) many. Calyx campanulate, densely glandular pubescent externally with hairs if different lengths, glabrous internally, 5-lobed. Tube to 5mm long. Lobes 5mm long, triangular-attenuate. Calyx inflated in fruit to +3cm long, 2.5cm in diameter. Fruit viscid, glabrous, globose, 1cm in diameter.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Prairies, rocky woods, waste ground, thickets, gravel bars.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - P. heterophylla can be found throughout Missouri and is fairly easy to ID in the field due to its glandular pubescent stems, coarsely toothed leaves, thick roots, and bi-colored flowers. The fruit of this species is edible when ripe but the plant itself is toxic.
The darker portions of the corolla are typically darker than in the close-up picture shown above.
Stems - Erect, from tough horizontal rhizomes, to 50cm tall, herbaceous, terete, densely glandular pubescent, branching, often purplish at the nodes. Hairs of the stem often branching and of different lengths.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +1.5cm long, pubescent as the stem. Blades ovate, typically cordate with a few coarse, irregular teeth on margins, acute, to +6cm long, -5cm broad, sericeous above, less so below, glandular pubescent on both surfaces.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from the leaf axils. Flowers nodding. Pedicels to -1cm in flower, longer in fruit, densely glandular pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla yellow externally, purplish at base internally, funnelform, glandular pubescent externally, glabrous internally except at very base, to +/-1.5cm broad. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube, included, surrounded by tufts of white hairs (the hairs branching). Filaments purple, clavate, glabrous at apex, 3-4mm long. Anthers yellow to purple, 3-4mm long. Ovary superior, yellow, 1.5mm long, 2mm in diameter, glabrous, subtended by a green nectary, 2-locular, placentation axile. Seeds (ovules) many. Calyx campanulate, densely glandular pubescent externally with hairs if different lengths, glabrous internally, 5-lobed. Tube to 5mm long. Lobes 5mm long, triangular-attenuate. Calyx inflated in fruit to +3cm long, 2.5cm in diameter. Fruit viscid, glabrous, globose, 1cm in diameter.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Prairies, rocky woods, waste ground, thickets, gravel bars.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - P. heterophylla can be found throughout Missouri and is fairly easy to ID in the field due to its glandular pubescent stems, coarsely toothed leaves, thick roots, and bi-colored flowers. The fruit of this species is edible when ripe but the plant itself is toxic.
The darker portions of the corolla are typically darker than in the close-up picture shown above.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Family - Scrophulariaceae
Stems - To +25cm tall, from thick roots, multiple from base, herbaceous, hollow, reddish, erect, villous.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, pinnatifid to bipinnatifid, ultimate divisions crenate. Blade to +7cm long, 2.5-3cm broad, oblong, typically glabrous but with appressed hairs on sunken midrib above. Petioles to +3cm long, with sparse cilia on margins. Larger leaves basal, upper leaves reduced.
Inflorescence - Terminal spicate raceme to +/-9cm long. Axis of raceme dense villous to lanate. Flowers sessile, each subtended by foliaceous bract.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, yellowish, to 2.5cm long. Upper lip galeate, 1.2cm long. Lower lip bearded internally, to 1cm long. Stamens 4, didynamous. Filaments flattened, 2.3cm long, pubescent at base and at apex. Anthers 3mm long, 1.5mm broad. Ovary 4mm long, superior, glabrous, flattened at apex. Calyx to +/-1.4cm total length, 8mm in diameter. Capsule to +1.5cm long, with minute beak.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Dry open woods, ridges, slopes, prairies, low meadows.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - P. canadensis is a common plant in the state. The yellow flowers are easy to spot in meadows in the spring. Steyermark lists a white flowered form also, f. albescens Steyerm., but it is rare.
Natives used the roots of the plant in tea for a variety of ailments. Then again, they used most plants.
Stems - To +25cm tall, from thick roots, multiple from base, herbaceous, hollow, reddish, erect, villous.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, pinnatifid to bipinnatifid, ultimate divisions crenate. Blade to +7cm long, 2.5-3cm broad, oblong, typically glabrous but with appressed hairs on sunken midrib above. Petioles to +3cm long, with sparse cilia on margins. Larger leaves basal, upper leaves reduced.
Inflorescence - Terminal spicate raceme to +/-9cm long. Axis of raceme dense villous to lanate. Flowers sessile, each subtended by foliaceous bract.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, yellowish, to 2.5cm long. Upper lip galeate, 1.2cm long. Lower lip bearded internally, to 1cm long. Stamens 4, didynamous. Filaments flattened, 2.3cm long, pubescent at base and at apex. Anthers 3mm long, 1.5mm broad. Ovary 4mm long, superior, glabrous, flattened at apex. Calyx to +/-1.4cm total length, 8mm in diameter. Capsule to +1.5cm long, with minute beak.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Dry open woods, ridges, slopes, prairies, low meadows.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - P. canadensis is a common plant in the state. The yellow flowers are easy to spot in meadows in the spring. Steyermark lists a white flowered form also, f. albescens Steyerm., but it is rare.
Natives used the roots of the plant in tea for a variety of ailments. Then again, they used most plants.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Oxalidaceae
Stems - Multiple from the base, from fibrous roots, ascending, herbaceous, densely antrorse appressed pubescent, to +20cm tall, branching.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, trifoliolate. Petioles to +4cm long, with few to many antrorse appressed hairs. Leaflets obcordate, mostly sessile, antrorse appressed pubescent below, mostly glabrous adaxially, entire, to +/-1.5cm broad and long.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate umbels of 2-6 flowers. Peduncles pubescent as the stems, to 6cm long. Umbels subtended by small linear bracts. Bracts to 3-4mm long. Pedicels erect in flower, spreading to slightly reflexed in fruit, to -2cm long, pubescent as the stems.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, deeply 5-lobed, glabrous. Lobes to 1.2cm long, 6mm broad, rounded to emarginate. Stamens 10, united at the base into a tube which surrounds the ovary. Filaments glabrous, yellowish, to 5mm long. Ovary 5-carpellate. Styles antrorse appressed pubescent, to 3mm long. Sepals 5, distinct, green, acute, antrorse appressed pubescent, oblong to linear-oblong, to 6mm long, 2mm broad, glabrous internally. Fruits erect, appressed and spreading pubescent, to 2.5cm long, with many seeds.
Flowering - May - November.
Habitat - Fields, glades, prairies, gravel bars, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found throughout Missouri. It is a very common "weed."
This species and another, O. stricta L., can be very difficult to distinguish. The best characteristic to use to try and differentiate the two species is the arrangement of the infructescence. The pedicels of O. dillenii are spreading to slightly reflexed in fruit whereas those of O. stricta are erect. Also, O. dillenii has an unbranched, umbellate inflorescence and the inflorescence of O. stricta is branched with maturity. Other characteristics mentioned in many plant keys do not hold well in the field.
Stems - Multiple from the base, from fibrous roots, ascending, herbaceous, densely antrorse appressed pubescent, to +20cm tall, branching.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, trifoliolate. Petioles to +4cm long, with few to many antrorse appressed hairs. Leaflets obcordate, mostly sessile, antrorse appressed pubescent below, mostly glabrous adaxially, entire, to +/-1.5cm broad and long.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate umbels of 2-6 flowers. Peduncles pubescent as the stems, to 6cm long. Umbels subtended by small linear bracts. Bracts to 3-4mm long. Pedicels erect in flower, spreading to slightly reflexed in fruit, to -2cm long, pubescent as the stems.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, deeply 5-lobed, glabrous. Lobes to 1.2cm long, 6mm broad, rounded to emarginate. Stamens 10, united at the base into a tube which surrounds the ovary. Filaments glabrous, yellowish, to 5mm long. Ovary 5-carpellate. Styles antrorse appressed pubescent, to 3mm long. Sepals 5, distinct, green, acute, antrorse appressed pubescent, oblong to linear-oblong, to 6mm long, 2mm broad, glabrous internally. Fruits erect, appressed and spreading pubescent, to 2.5cm long, with many seeds.
Flowering - May - November.
Habitat - Fields, glades, prairies, gravel bars, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found throughout Missouri. It is a very common "weed."
This species and another, O. stricta L., can be very difficult to distinguish. The best characteristic to use to try and differentiate the two species is the arrangement of the infructescence. The pedicels of O. dillenii are spreading to slightly reflexed in fruit whereas those of O. stricta are erect. Also, O. dillenii has an unbranched, umbellate inflorescence and the inflorescence of O. stricta is branched with maturity. Other characteristics mentioned in many plant keys do not hold well in the field.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Onograceae
Stems - To +/-30cm tall, erect, herbaceous, simple to branching near apex, from a branched taproot, multiple from base, hirsutulous below, glabrous near apex.
Leaves - Alternate. Basal rosette typically drying by anthesis. Leaves of rosette petiolate, spatulate, to 3cm long, 6mm broad, entire to shallow serrate, glabrous. Cauline leaves linear, 2-3cm long, 1-2mm broad, glabrous, entire.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, compact in flower, elongating in fruit. Each flower subtended by a single bract. Bracts acute to acuminate, lance-ovate, mostly glabrous, entire but with strigose margins. Flowers sessile.
Flowers - Petals 4, yellow, distinct, obcordate, 5mm long, 4-5mm broad, glabrous. Stamens 8, erect, adnate at apex of floral tube. Filaments yellow, glabrous, +/-2mm long. Anthers reddish-yellow, .7mm long. Style yellowish, glabrous, 4.5mm long. Stigma 4(5)-lobed. Ovary inferior, 4-locular, 4-angled, slightly winged on angles, obovoid in outline, 5-6mm long n flower, longer in fruit, with antrorse strigose pubescence. Placentation axile. Ovules many. Floral tube yellow, 3mm long, mostly glabrous or with a few strigose hairs as ovary. Sepals 2, reflexed, ovate, glabrous internally, with small strigose hairs externally, yellow-green, -3mm long, 2.3mm broad.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Glades, rocky fields.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small species can be found in the southern half of Missouri. The small flowers of this species wilt quickly and barely last a day. More commonly, the plant is found in fruit, if at all. Because of its thin stems and leaves, and its small flowers, this species is often overlooked.
This is a characteristic glade species in Missouri.
Stems - To +/-30cm tall, erect, herbaceous, simple to branching near apex, from a branched taproot, multiple from base, hirsutulous below, glabrous near apex.
Leaves - Alternate. Basal rosette typically drying by anthesis. Leaves of rosette petiolate, spatulate, to 3cm long, 6mm broad, entire to shallow serrate, glabrous. Cauline leaves linear, 2-3cm long, 1-2mm broad, glabrous, entire.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, compact in flower, elongating in fruit. Each flower subtended by a single bract. Bracts acute to acuminate, lance-ovate, mostly glabrous, entire but with strigose margins. Flowers sessile.
Flowers - Petals 4, yellow, distinct, obcordate, 5mm long, 4-5mm broad, glabrous. Stamens 8, erect, adnate at apex of floral tube. Filaments yellow, glabrous, +/-2mm long. Anthers reddish-yellow, .7mm long. Style yellowish, glabrous, 4.5mm long. Stigma 4(5)-lobed. Ovary inferior, 4-locular, 4-angled, slightly winged on angles, obovoid in outline, 5-6mm long n flower, longer in fruit, with antrorse strigose pubescence. Placentation axile. Ovules many. Floral tube yellow, 3mm long, mostly glabrous or with a few strigose hairs as ovary. Sepals 2, reflexed, ovate, glabrous internally, with small strigose hairs externally, yellow-green, -3mm long, 2.3mm broad.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Glades, rocky fields.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small species can be found in the southern half of Missouri. The small flowers of this species wilt quickly and barely last a day. More commonly, the plant is found in fruit, if at all. Because of its thin stems and leaves, and its small flowers, this species is often overlooked.
This is a characteristic glade species in Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Onagraceae
Stems - From a big taproot, multiple from the base, ascending, herbaceous, solid, green, branching, to +50cm long, antrorse puberulent and antrorse villous (especially near the apex) (the hairs villous hairs with pustulate bases).
Leaves - Alternate, sessile or with short petioles to 2-3mm long, laciniate, oblong to elliptic or lanceolate in outline, to 9-10cm long, +/-2cm broad, pubescent with short and long hairs as the stem, flat-green above and below. The translucent-whitish midrib contrasting with the leaf tissue. Margins ciliate.
Inflorescence - Sessile flowers from the leaf axils, one flower per leaf.
Flowers - Petals 4, pale yellow, obcordate, to 1.5cm broad and long, glabrous, borne at the apex of the flora tube. Stamens 8, erect, exserted, borne at the apex of the floral tube. Filaments glabrous, yellow, +/-1cm long. Anthers yellow, 5mm long, dorsifixed. Style 1, to +/-3.5cm long, translucent basally, yellowish apically, glabrous, mostly included in the floral tube but exserted +/-1cm. Stigmas yellow, 4, spreading, 5-7mm long. Sepals 4, linear-subulate, to -2cm long, +/-3mm broad at the base, glabrous internally, villous and glandular pubescent externally, remaining joined at the apices and reflexed to one side at anthesis. Floral tube to +/-2.5cm long, -2mm in diameter, villous and with short, glandular hairs, with a reddish tinge. Ovary cylindric, villous and with short antrorse puberulent hairs, 1.2cm long, -2mm in diameter (in flower), quickly expanding in fruit, green, 8-ribbed, with many ovules.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Fallow fields, alluvial soils, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is low growing and easy to ID in the field because of its toothed leaves and pale yellow flowers. The flowers of this species open at night and close when hit by strong sunlight.
Although typically hairy as mentioned above, this species can sometimes be glabrate.
Stems - From a big taproot, multiple from the base, ascending, herbaceous, solid, green, branching, to +50cm long, antrorse puberulent and antrorse villous (especially near the apex) (the hairs villous hairs with pustulate bases).
Leaves - Alternate, sessile or with short petioles to 2-3mm long, laciniate, oblong to elliptic or lanceolate in outline, to 9-10cm long, +/-2cm broad, pubescent with short and long hairs as the stem, flat-green above and below. The translucent-whitish midrib contrasting with the leaf tissue. Margins ciliate.
Inflorescence - Sessile flowers from the leaf axils, one flower per leaf.
Flowers - Petals 4, pale yellow, obcordate, to 1.5cm broad and long, glabrous, borne at the apex of the flora tube. Stamens 8, erect, exserted, borne at the apex of the floral tube. Filaments glabrous, yellow, +/-1cm long. Anthers yellow, 5mm long, dorsifixed. Style 1, to +/-3.5cm long, translucent basally, yellowish apically, glabrous, mostly included in the floral tube but exserted +/-1cm. Stigmas yellow, 4, spreading, 5-7mm long. Sepals 4, linear-subulate, to -2cm long, +/-3mm broad at the base, glabrous internally, villous and glandular pubescent externally, remaining joined at the apices and reflexed to one side at anthesis. Floral tube to +/-2.5cm long, -2mm in diameter, villous and with short, glandular hairs, with a reddish tinge. Ovary cylindric, villous and with short antrorse puberulent hairs, 1.2cm long, -2mm in diameter (in flower), quickly expanding in fruit, green, 8-ribbed, with many ovules.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Fallow fields, alluvial soils, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is low growing and easy to ID in the field because of its toothed leaves and pale yellow flowers. The flowers of this species open at night and close when hit by strong sunlight.
Although typically hairy as mentioned above, this species can sometimes be glabrate.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - To +2m tall ,erect, herbaceous, from taproot, branching above, glabrous to sparse pubescent, with musky scent when cut or crushed.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, stipulate. Stipules to 5mm long, subulate. Leaflets with petiolules. Center leaf with petiolule to 5mm long. Lateral leaflets with petiolules to +/-1mm long. All leaflets variable in shape from oblong to oblanceolate, serrulate, typically truncate at apex and mucronate, glabrous to sparse pubescent.
Inflorescence - Axillary racemes near apex of stems. Peduncles sparsely appressed pubescent. Raceme to +/-8cm long, indeterminate, +/-50 flowered. Pedicels 2.5mm long, pilose, subtended by tiny lanate subulate bract to 1.5mm long.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, papilionaceous. Standard 3.5-4mm broad, 5-6mm long. Stamens diadelphous, 4mm long. Filaments glabrous. Anthers yellow. Ovary green, 1.2mm long, glabrous. Style glabrous, 2.7mm long. Calyx tubular, +2mm long, 5-toothed. Teeth subequal, +/-1mm long. Fruit to 5mm long, compressed, glabrous.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Fields, pastures, disturbed sites, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - It's hard to miss this plant in early summer as it is growing nearly everywhere. The yellow flowers are a big favorite of bees and the genus name means "Honey Lotus".
As noted above, the plant produces a musky scent when cut or crushed and the scent can make some people nauseous. This scent is caused by coumarins contained in the plant. Personally, I get a headache if I pass through a dense area of the plants that has recently been cut. At one time the plant was used as an insect repellent on textiles.
Stems - To +2m tall ,erect, herbaceous, from taproot, branching above, glabrous to sparse pubescent, with musky scent when cut or crushed.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, stipulate. Stipules to 5mm long, subulate. Leaflets with petiolules. Center leaf with petiolule to 5mm long. Lateral leaflets with petiolules to +/-1mm long. All leaflets variable in shape from oblong to oblanceolate, serrulate, typically truncate at apex and mucronate, glabrous to sparse pubescent.
Inflorescence - Axillary racemes near apex of stems. Peduncles sparsely appressed pubescent. Raceme to +/-8cm long, indeterminate, +/-50 flowered. Pedicels 2.5mm long, pilose, subtended by tiny lanate subulate bract to 1.5mm long.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, papilionaceous. Standard 3.5-4mm broad, 5-6mm long. Stamens diadelphous, 4mm long. Filaments glabrous. Anthers yellow. Ovary green, 1.2mm long, glabrous. Style glabrous, 2.7mm long. Calyx tubular, +2mm long, 5-toothed. Teeth subequal, +/-1mm long. Fruit to 5mm long, compressed, glabrous.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Fields, pastures, disturbed sites, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - It's hard to miss this plant in early summer as it is growing nearly everywhere. The yellow flowers are a big favorite of bees and the genus name means "Honey Lotus".
As noted above, the plant produces a musky scent when cut or crushed and the scent can make some people nauseous. This scent is caused by coumarins contained in the plant. Personally, I get a headache if I pass through a dense area of the plants that has recently been cut. At one time the plant was used as an insect repellent on textiles.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - To 45cm tall but typically less, erect to ascending, multiple from base, branching, from a taproot, typically purple at the base and on stems that face the sun, pilose, herbaceous, 4-angled.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate, trifoliolate. Stipules large, foliaceous, generally ovate, acuminate, to 1.5cm long, 5mm broad, glabrous adaxially, pilose abaxially, with 1-2 pointed lobes at the base or not. Petioles to +3cm long, sparse pilose. Lateral leaflets with petiolules to 1mm long and pilose. Petiolule of terminal leaflet to 4mm long. Leaflets elliptic to obovate or rhombic, entire or shallow serrate or sinuate in the apical 1/2, emarginate at the apex and with a short mucro. Lateral veins parallel. Blades sparse pilose adaxially, pilose abaxially.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate racemes. Peduncle longer then the subtending leaf and pubescent as the stem, some hairs glandular. Raceme to 1cm long, dense in flower. Each flower subtended by a single minute bract. Bract linear, -1mm long. Pedicels to -1mm long in fruit, pilose.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, papilionaceous, to 5mm long. Standard to 3mm broad, mostly glabrous, typically with apical margins revolute. Keels apically fused. Wings connate basally to keels. Stamens diadelphous. Anthers pale yellow, to .1mm broad. Ovary green, glabrous, +1mm long, compressed. Style short, green. Calyx 5-lobed. Lobes attenuate, the longest to 1mm long, pilose externally, glabrous internally. Fruits dark brown to black when mature, reniform or cochleate, 3-4mm long, 2mm broad, compressed, sparse pilose, reticulate.
Flowering - February - December.
Habitat - Lawns, fields, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia and Africa.
Other info. - This little species is a big time weed found throughout Missouri. The plant spreads easily and can form large colonies when left untouched. The small fruits of this plant turn black when ripened and look like small kidneys.
Stems - To 45cm tall but typically less, erect to ascending, multiple from base, branching, from a taproot, typically purple at the base and on stems that face the sun, pilose, herbaceous, 4-angled.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate, trifoliolate. Stipules large, foliaceous, generally ovate, acuminate, to 1.5cm long, 5mm broad, glabrous adaxially, pilose abaxially, with 1-2 pointed lobes at the base or not. Petioles to +3cm long, sparse pilose. Lateral leaflets with petiolules to 1mm long and pilose. Petiolule of terminal leaflet to 4mm long. Leaflets elliptic to obovate or rhombic, entire or shallow serrate or sinuate in the apical 1/2, emarginate at the apex and with a short mucro. Lateral veins parallel. Blades sparse pilose adaxially, pilose abaxially.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate racemes. Peduncle longer then the subtending leaf and pubescent as the stem, some hairs glandular. Raceme to 1cm long, dense in flower. Each flower subtended by a single minute bract. Bract linear, -1mm long. Pedicels to -1mm long in fruit, pilose.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, papilionaceous, to 5mm long. Standard to 3mm broad, mostly glabrous, typically with apical margins revolute. Keels apically fused. Wings connate basally to keels. Stamens diadelphous. Anthers pale yellow, to .1mm broad. Ovary green, glabrous, +1mm long, compressed. Style short, green. Calyx 5-lobed. Lobes attenuate, the longest to 1mm long, pilose externally, glabrous internally. Fruits dark brown to black when mature, reniform or cochleate, 3-4mm long, 2mm broad, compressed, sparse pilose, reticulate.
Flowering - February - December.
Habitat - Lawns, fields, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia and Africa.
Other info. - This little species is a big time weed found throughout Missouri. The plant spreads easily and can form large colonies when left untouched. The small fruits of this plant turn black when ripened and look like small kidneys.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Berberidaceae
Stems - To -1.5m tall, woody, multiple from base, erect to prostrate, few branched, stoloniferous.
Leaves - Alternate, odd pinnate, evergreen. Leaflets typically 3-9, sessile, lance-ovate, serrate(teeth spinose), glabrous, dark green above, dull green to glaucous below, to +7cm long, +4cm broad, acute.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal racemes to 15cm long. Pedicels glabrous, elongating in fruit to +/-1.3cm long, subtended by one small bract to 4mm long.
Flowers - Petals 5-10, in 2-4 whorls, yellow, glabrous, 6-8mm long, 5mm broad, emarginate or obtuse. Stamens 6-10. Filaments to 3.5mm long glabrous. Ovary superior, green, glabrous. Stigma capitate. Style wanting. Sepals to 3mm long, 2mm broad, dense pubescent externally, with scarious margins, yellow.
Fruit - Globose to subglobose berry, blue-black, glaucous, to -1cm in diameter.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S., cultivated in Missouri.
Other info. - This plant is native to the Northwestern U.S. where it grows in shaded forests. In Missouri the plant begins to bloom around May but in other states in can bloom throughout the year depending on the location. The berries are edible and are eaten by wildlife and humans alike. This is the state flower of Oregon. There are a few varieties in cultivation. Besides being eaten as a fruit,Mahonia has been used medicinally for centuries. The plant contains many alkaloids. Recently the plant has shown great promise in the treatment of psoriasis. Stay tuned.
Stems - To -1.5m tall, woody, multiple from base, erect to prostrate, few branched, stoloniferous.
Leaves - Alternate, odd pinnate, evergreen. Leaflets typically 3-9, sessile, lance-ovate, serrate(teeth spinose), glabrous, dark green above, dull green to glaucous below, to +7cm long, +4cm broad, acute.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal racemes to 15cm long. Pedicels glabrous, elongating in fruit to +/-1.3cm long, subtended by one small bract to 4mm long.
Flowers - Petals 5-10, in 2-4 whorls, yellow, glabrous, 6-8mm long, 5mm broad, emarginate or obtuse. Stamens 6-10. Filaments to 3.5mm long glabrous. Ovary superior, green, glabrous. Stigma capitate. Style wanting. Sepals to 3mm long, 2mm broad, dense pubescent externally, with scarious margins, yellow.
Fruit - Globose to subglobose berry, blue-black, glaucous, to -1cm in diameter.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S., cultivated in Missouri.
Other info. - This plant is native to the Northwestern U.S. where it grows in shaded forests. In Missouri the plant begins to bloom around May but in other states in can bloom throughout the year depending on the location. The berries are edible and are eaten by wildlife and humans alike. This is the state flower of Oregon. There are a few varieties in cultivation. Besides being eaten as a fruit,Mahonia has been used medicinally for centuries. The plant contains many alkaloids. Recently the plant has shown great promise in the treatment of psoriasis. Stay tuned.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Family - Onagraceae
Stems - To 1m tall, branching, erect, herbaceous, angled (angles minutely winged), antrorse pubescent, single or multiple from base, from thickened roots.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile to short-petiolate, lanceolate to lance-elliptic, acute, tapering at base, sparse pubescent, entire, to +12cm long, 2cm broad. Margins antrorse strigillose. Lateral veins from midrib converging with longitudinal veins before margin.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers from upper leaves. Pedicles to 5mm long in flower, longer in fruit, 4-angled, antrorse pubescent, with 2 subopposite bracts. Bracts to 3mm long.
Flowers - Petals 4, yellow, free, 5-7mm long and broad, emarginate to rounded at apex, glabrous. Stamens 4, alternating with petals. Filaments brownish-yellow, glabrous, 1.5mm long. Anthers 2.2.5mm long, yellow. Style green, 2-3mm long, glabrous. Stigma green, capitate. Ovary inferior, 4-locular. Placentation axile. Floral tube 4-angled, 4mm long and broad, winged on angles, appressed pubescent. Wings 1.5mm broad, antrorse pubescent on margins. Sepals 4, -1cm long, 6mm broad (slightly larger in flower), ovate, acute, glabrous, ciliate-margined. Nectaries between sepals (at base of stamens) to .5mm long.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Wet ground, borders of stream and bodies of water.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout the state of Missouri. The flowers are fairly showy and larger than in any other Missouri species from the genus. The species name comes from the fact that the leaves are alternate but there are also 3 other species found in the state which have alternate leaves. The flowers petals fall off very easily if the plant is shaken or disturbed. I was taught to use this characteristic as a field identification trick for the Onagraceae in college.
The plant varies in the amount of pubescence on the stems and leaves. Some plants can be completely glabrous.
Stems - To 1m tall, branching, erect, herbaceous, angled (angles minutely winged), antrorse pubescent, single or multiple from base, from thickened roots.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile to short-petiolate, lanceolate to lance-elliptic, acute, tapering at base, sparse pubescent, entire, to +12cm long, 2cm broad. Margins antrorse strigillose. Lateral veins from midrib converging with longitudinal veins before margin.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers from upper leaves. Pedicles to 5mm long in flower, longer in fruit, 4-angled, antrorse pubescent, with 2 subopposite bracts. Bracts to 3mm long.
Flowers - Petals 4, yellow, free, 5-7mm long and broad, emarginate to rounded at apex, glabrous. Stamens 4, alternating with petals. Filaments brownish-yellow, glabrous, 1.5mm long. Anthers 2.2.5mm long, yellow. Style green, 2-3mm long, glabrous. Stigma green, capitate. Ovary inferior, 4-locular. Placentation axile. Floral tube 4-angled, 4mm long and broad, winged on angles, appressed pubescent. Wings 1.5mm broad, antrorse pubescent on margins. Sepals 4, -1cm long, 6mm broad (slightly larger in flower), ovate, acute, glabrous, ciliate-margined. Nectaries between sepals (at base of stamens) to .5mm long.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Wet ground, borders of stream and bodies of water.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout the state of Missouri. The flowers are fairly showy and larger than in any other Missouri species from the genus. The species name comes from the fact that the leaves are alternate but there are also 3 other species found in the state which have alternate leaves. The flowers petals fall off very easily if the plant is shaken or disturbed. I was taught to use this characteristic as a field identification trick for the Onagraceae in college.
The plant varies in the amount of pubescence on the stems and leaves. Some plants can be completely glabrous.
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