文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Erect, herbaceous but stout, from stout thickened roots, to +2m tall, glabrous, glaucous, terete, purple in strong sun, single from the base, typically simple below the inflorescence, with some antrorse strigose hairs in the inflorescence, typically 5-6(10)mm in diameter.
Leaves - Opposite, alternate in the upper stems, petiolate. Petioles to +/-2.5cm long, slightly winged by decurrent leaf tissue, glabrous (mostly below), with arachnoid hairs on the adaxial side of the upper stems. Blades linear-lanceolate, to +20cm long, -3cm broad, typically folded, with coarse shallow teeth, attenuate, scabrous and dark green adaxially, pale greenish-white and with dense matted hairs abaxially. Veins expressed below. Main veins anastomosing about 1-2mm before the edge of the leaf.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating axillary and branches. Peduncles antrorse strigose, typically with one or two linear bracts.
Involucre - To +1.5cm broad, 1cm tall. Phyllaries long attenuate, spreading in the apical 1/2 to 2/3, green, with densely antrorse ciliolate margins, otherwise mostly glabrous on the surface, sparse pubescent internally or not, to 1.5cm, 2-3mm broad at the base, somewhat viscid.
Ray flowers - +/-16 per head, sterile. Corolla tube +/-2mm long, antrorse pubescent, yellow. Ligule to 3cm long, -1cm broad, glabrous except at the base abaxially, yellow. Achene (in flower) white, 3.5mm long, 3-sided, glabrous, with one or two awned scale(s). Scales to -2mm long (including awn).
Disk flowers - Disk to 1.5cm broad. Corollas yellow, constricted in the basal 1/4, antrorse pubescent externally, glabrous internally, 6mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes yellow, erect, acute, 1.3mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the constricted portion of the corolla tube. Filaments compressed, pale yellow, 3-4mm long. Anthers dark purple-brown, 2.5mm long, exserted, connate around style. Style exserted beyond the anthers, bifurcate, pale basally, yellow apically, glabrous, divided for about 2mm. Achenes white in flower, 4mm long, glabrous, 3-sided. Awns 2, white, lanceolate, 2-2.2mm long, .5mm broad at the base. Receptacle slightly conic to convex. Chaff translucent but green at the apex, to 1cm long, acute, ciliolate at the apex, to 1.5mm broad, partially folded around the disk florets. Achenes black at maturity, glabrous.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Prairies, low meadows, moist thickets, fields, ditches, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species can be found throughout much of Missouri but is apparently absent from most of the southeastern 1/3 of the state. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its fairly thin, slightly folded, leaves and its glabrous and glaucous stems. No other species of sunflower in Missouri has this combination of leaf shape and stem pubescence. The plant is very common, especially in the western part of the state.
Stems - Erect, herbaceous but stout, from stout thickened roots, to +2m tall, glabrous, glaucous, terete, purple in strong sun, single from the base, typically simple below the inflorescence, with some antrorse strigose hairs in the inflorescence, typically 5-6(10)mm in diameter.
Leaves - Opposite, alternate in the upper stems, petiolate. Petioles to +/-2.5cm long, slightly winged by decurrent leaf tissue, glabrous (mostly below), with arachnoid hairs on the adaxial side of the upper stems. Blades linear-lanceolate, to +20cm long, -3cm broad, typically folded, with coarse shallow teeth, attenuate, scabrous and dark green adaxially, pale greenish-white and with dense matted hairs abaxially. Veins expressed below. Main veins anastomosing about 1-2mm before the edge of the leaf.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating axillary and branches. Peduncles antrorse strigose, typically with one or two linear bracts.
Involucre - To +1.5cm broad, 1cm tall. Phyllaries long attenuate, spreading in the apical 1/2 to 2/3, green, with densely antrorse ciliolate margins, otherwise mostly glabrous on the surface, sparse pubescent internally or not, to 1.5cm, 2-3mm broad at the base, somewhat viscid.
Ray flowers - +/-16 per head, sterile. Corolla tube +/-2mm long, antrorse pubescent, yellow. Ligule to 3cm long, -1cm broad, glabrous except at the base abaxially, yellow. Achene (in flower) white, 3.5mm long, 3-sided, glabrous, with one or two awned scale(s). Scales to -2mm long (including awn).
Disk flowers - Disk to 1.5cm broad. Corollas yellow, constricted in the basal 1/4, antrorse pubescent externally, glabrous internally, 6mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes yellow, erect, acute, 1.3mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the constricted portion of the corolla tube. Filaments compressed, pale yellow, 3-4mm long. Anthers dark purple-brown, 2.5mm long, exserted, connate around style. Style exserted beyond the anthers, bifurcate, pale basally, yellow apically, glabrous, divided for about 2mm. Achenes white in flower, 4mm long, glabrous, 3-sided. Awns 2, white, lanceolate, 2-2.2mm long, .5mm broad at the base. Receptacle slightly conic to convex. Chaff translucent but green at the apex, to 1cm long, acute, ciliolate at the apex, to 1.5mm broad, partially folded around the disk florets. Achenes black at maturity, glabrous.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Prairies, low meadows, moist thickets, fields, ditches, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species can be found throughout much of Missouri but is apparently absent from most of the southeastern 1/3 of the state. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its fairly thin, slightly folded, leaves and its glabrous and glaucous stems. No other species of sunflower in Missouri has this combination of leaf shape and stem pubescence. The plant is very common, especially in the western part of the state.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Thin erect, simple, herbaceous, typically single from the base, from a long horizontal rhizome, typically purplish and somewhat glaucous, mostly glabrous but with a few pustulate based hairs directly below the nodes, terete, 2-4mm in diameter at the base, -1m tall, with +/-10 nodes below the flowers.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, sessile or very-short petiolate. Petioles to 2mm long. Blades lanceolate, attenuate, shallow serrate, very scabrous on the top, less scabrous below, rounded at the base, the lowest to +10cm long, +/-2cm broad at the base, with two lateral veins arising from the base of the blade. Teeth of the margins often with a minute white tip.
Inflorescence - Single terminal flower head, typically just one per stem.
Involucre - -2cm broad in flower, 2.5cm broad in fruit. Phyllaries lanceolate, scabrous externally, glabrous internally, acuminate, to 1cm long and 5mm broad at the base, spreading with the tips ascending, light green, with ciliolate margins, imbricate.
Ray flowers - 8-9 flower per head, sterile. Ligule yellow, oblong, 2.5-3cm long, to 1cm broad, glabrous, acute with a very small single notch at the apex. Corolla tube -1mm long, glabrous. Achenes (in flower) -3mm long. Pappus of ray flowers a pair of serrate awns to 2mm long.
Disk flowers - Disk 1-1.5cm broad in flower, up to 2cm long in fruit. Flowers yellow. Corolla tube 3-4mm long, yellow, mostly glabrous but with some antrorse strigose pubescence externally (mostly in lines), glabrous internally, abruptly contracted at the basal 1mm. Lobes 5, 1-1.3mm long in flower, acute, erect to spreading. Stamens 5, included, adnate at the apex of the constricted portion of the corolla tube. Filaments white glabrous , 3mm long. Anthers maroon 3mm long, connate around the style, mostly included. Style exserted , glabrous, white, bifurcate, +/-5mm long. Stigmas yellow, to +2mm long, pubescent, reflexed. Achenes (in flower) white, glabrous, 3-4mm long. Pappus of 2 awns as in the ray flowers. Awns 2-3mm long. Receptacle hemispheric. Chaff enclosing the disk flowers almost entirely, to -1cm long, glabrous in basal half, pubescent on the margins and apex, slightly yellowish at the apex, acute, with a slightly reddish tip.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Rocky woods and thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the eastern-most counties of Missouri (essentially in the counties bordering the Mississippi River). The plant can be identified by its opposite, scabrous, sessile to nearly sessile leaves (which have rounded bases), thin stems, and long rhizomes.
Stems - Thin erect, simple, herbaceous, typically single from the base, from a long horizontal rhizome, typically purplish and somewhat glaucous, mostly glabrous but with a few pustulate based hairs directly below the nodes, terete, 2-4mm in diameter at the base, -1m tall, with +/-10 nodes below the flowers.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, sessile or very-short petiolate. Petioles to 2mm long. Blades lanceolate, attenuate, shallow serrate, very scabrous on the top, less scabrous below, rounded at the base, the lowest to +10cm long, +/-2cm broad at the base, with two lateral veins arising from the base of the blade. Teeth of the margins often with a minute white tip.
Inflorescence - Single terminal flower head, typically just one per stem.
Involucre - -2cm broad in flower, 2.5cm broad in fruit. Phyllaries lanceolate, scabrous externally, glabrous internally, acuminate, to 1cm long and 5mm broad at the base, spreading with the tips ascending, light green, with ciliolate margins, imbricate.
Ray flowers - 8-9 flower per head, sterile. Ligule yellow, oblong, 2.5-3cm long, to 1cm broad, glabrous, acute with a very small single notch at the apex. Corolla tube -1mm long, glabrous. Achenes (in flower) -3mm long. Pappus of ray flowers a pair of serrate awns to 2mm long.
Disk flowers - Disk 1-1.5cm broad in flower, up to 2cm long in fruit. Flowers yellow. Corolla tube 3-4mm long, yellow, mostly glabrous but with some antrorse strigose pubescence externally (mostly in lines), glabrous internally, abruptly contracted at the basal 1mm. Lobes 5, 1-1.3mm long in flower, acute, erect to spreading. Stamens 5, included, adnate at the apex of the constricted portion of the corolla tube. Filaments white glabrous , 3mm long. Anthers maroon 3mm long, connate around the style, mostly included. Style exserted , glabrous, white, bifurcate, +/-5mm long. Stigmas yellow, to +2mm long, pubescent, reflexed. Achenes (in flower) white, glabrous, 3-4mm long. Pappus of 2 awns as in the ray flowers. Awns 2-3mm long. Receptacle hemispheric. Chaff enclosing the disk flowers almost entirely, to -1cm long, glabrous in basal half, pubescent on the margins and apex, slightly yellowish at the apex, acute, with a slightly reddish tip.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Rocky woods and thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the eastern-most counties of Missouri (essentially in the counties bordering the Mississippi River). The plant can be identified by its opposite, scabrous, sessile to nearly sessile leaves (which have rounded bases), thin stems, and long rhizomes.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Scrophulariaceae
Stems - To .8m tall, erect, branching, herbaceous, from stout whitish roots, mostly 4-angled, densely glandular pubescent, viscid. Hairs of the stem both long and short.
Leaves - Opposite, short-petiolate to sessile, pinnately lobed, ovate, pubescent as the stem. Lobes divided again. Ultimate divisions acute. Leaves of the flowering branches +/-3cm long, +/-2cm broad. Leaves falling easily and quickly as the plant dries.
Inflorescence - Typically single axillary flowers in the upper stems and branches. Pedicels pubescent as the stem, +1cm long, ascending, expanded at the apex and slightly darker green at the base of the calyx.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, +/-3cm long, pubescent externally and internally, lobed. Lobes rounded. Stamens 4, included to partially exserted, didynamous. Filaments to 1.5cm long, one pair mostly glabrous, one pair pubescent to the apex. Anthers 6mm long, bilobed, with pointed bases, dehiscing longitudinally, pubescent along the suture. Ovary superior, glabrous, 2-3mm long and broad in flower, slightly compressed, whitish-green. Style glabrous, light green, to 1.5m long in flower. Stigma darker green than the style, swollen. Calyx accrescent. Calyx tube to 5-6mm long in flower, 4-5-lobed, pubescent as the stem, whitish-green. Calyx lobes foliaceous, 1-1.5cm long in flower, longer in fruit (to +2cm ), green like the leaves.
Flowering - August - September.
Habitat - Dry and rocky open woods, borders of glades. On acid substrates.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the Ozark region of Missouri and is fairly common. It is easily identified in the field because of its divided, opposite leaves, large yellow flowers, and viscid stems (which are covered with glandular hairs).
The plant is worthy of cultivation and would do well in a dry area with little or no care.
The species epithet of this plant derives from the fact that its leaves closely resemble those of another genus in the family, Pedicularis.
Stems - To .8m tall, erect, branching, herbaceous, from stout whitish roots, mostly 4-angled, densely glandular pubescent, viscid. Hairs of the stem both long and short.
Leaves - Opposite, short-petiolate to sessile, pinnately lobed, ovate, pubescent as the stem. Lobes divided again. Ultimate divisions acute. Leaves of the flowering branches +/-3cm long, +/-2cm broad. Leaves falling easily and quickly as the plant dries.
Inflorescence - Typically single axillary flowers in the upper stems and branches. Pedicels pubescent as the stem, +1cm long, ascending, expanded at the apex and slightly darker green at the base of the calyx.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, +/-3cm long, pubescent externally and internally, lobed. Lobes rounded. Stamens 4, included to partially exserted, didynamous. Filaments to 1.5cm long, one pair mostly glabrous, one pair pubescent to the apex. Anthers 6mm long, bilobed, with pointed bases, dehiscing longitudinally, pubescent along the suture. Ovary superior, glabrous, 2-3mm long and broad in flower, slightly compressed, whitish-green. Style glabrous, light green, to 1.5m long in flower. Stigma darker green than the style, swollen. Calyx accrescent. Calyx tube to 5-6mm long in flower, 4-5-lobed, pubescent as the stem, whitish-green. Calyx lobes foliaceous, 1-1.5cm long in flower, longer in fruit (to +2cm ), green like the leaves.
Flowering - August - September.
Habitat - Dry and rocky open woods, borders of glades. On acid substrates.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the Ozark region of Missouri and is fairly common. It is easily identified in the field because of its divided, opposite leaves, large yellow flowers, and viscid stems (which are covered with glandular hairs).
The plant is worthy of cultivation and would do well in a dry area with little or no care.
The species epithet of this plant derives from the fact that its leaves closely resemble those of another genus in the family, Pedicularis.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Scrophulariaceae
Stems - To 1.3m tall, multiple from base, herbaceous, branching, erect. 4-angled, densely short pubescent.
Leaves - Opposite, lowest leaves pinnately lobed (pinnatifid), upper leaves becoming simple, dense pubescent above with stellate pubescence on midrib and veins, dense pubescent below, serrate to crenate or entire, lowest leaves to +15cm long, +8cm broad.
Inflorescence - Appearing as single flowers from upper leaf axils but actually loose racemes terminating stems. Flowers opposite. Each flower subtended by foliaceous bracts. Pedicels to +8mm long, tomentose, typically upcurved.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, campanulate, zygomorphic, 5-lobed. Corolla tube to +2.5cm long, glabrous externally, pubescent internally. Corolla lobes spreading, rounded, 1.2cm long, 1.5cm broad, unequal to subequal. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate near base of corolla tube. Filaments to -2cm long, villous at base and sparse villous near apex, brownish-purple. Anthers to 5mm long, villous, purplish-brown. Style 1.8cm long, yellow, glabrous. Ovary superior, yellow, ovoid, 2-locular, subtended by green nectar ring. Placentation axile. Ovules (seeds) many. Calyx tube to 1cm long, tomentose, campanulate, 5-lobed. Lobes unequal, to 9mm long, dense pubescent. Capsule to 2cm long, pubescent to glabrous.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, slopes, ridges, bluffs, glade margins.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout most of Missouri but is apparently absent from the northwest and southeast corners of the state. The big bright yellow flowers are hard to miss in the field.
The plant is semiparasitic on the roots of oak trees but apparently does well if grown in a garden setting.
A synonym is Aureolaria grandiflora (Benth.) Penn.
Stems - To 1.3m tall, multiple from base, herbaceous, branching, erect. 4-angled, densely short pubescent.
Leaves - Opposite, lowest leaves pinnately lobed (pinnatifid), upper leaves becoming simple, dense pubescent above with stellate pubescence on midrib and veins, dense pubescent below, serrate to crenate or entire, lowest leaves to +15cm long, +8cm broad.
Inflorescence - Appearing as single flowers from upper leaf axils but actually loose racemes terminating stems. Flowers opposite. Each flower subtended by foliaceous bracts. Pedicels to +8mm long, tomentose, typically upcurved.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, campanulate, zygomorphic, 5-lobed. Corolla tube to +2.5cm long, glabrous externally, pubescent internally. Corolla lobes spreading, rounded, 1.2cm long, 1.5cm broad, unequal to subequal. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate near base of corolla tube. Filaments to -2cm long, villous at base and sparse villous near apex, brownish-purple. Anthers to 5mm long, villous, purplish-brown. Style 1.8cm long, yellow, glabrous. Ovary superior, yellow, ovoid, 2-locular, subtended by green nectar ring. Placentation axile. Ovules (seeds) many. Calyx tube to 1cm long, tomentose, campanulate, 5-lobed. Lobes unequal, to 9mm long, dense pubescent. Capsule to 2cm long, pubescent to glabrous.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, slopes, ridges, bluffs, glade margins.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout most of Missouri but is apparently absent from the northwest and southeast corners of the state. The big bright yellow flowers are hard to miss in the field.
The plant is semiparasitic on the roots of oak trees but apparently does well if grown in a garden setting.
A synonym is Aureolaria grandiflora (Benth.) Penn.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Scrophulariaceae
Stems - To 1.5m tall, multiple from the base, erect, herbaceous, often purple, glabrous, glaucous, fistulose, branching.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, pinnatifid, becoming linear near the apex, sessile, to +/-15cm long, +6cm broad, glabrous below, short sparse pubescent above, deep green above, lighter below, easily broken or damaged, sub-succulent.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary bracteate racemes. Each flower subtended by a linear bract. Pedicels to 5-8mm long, glabrous. Racemes to +/-40cm long.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, zygomorphic, +/-5cm long, glabrous externally, pubescent at the base internally. Lobes of corolla rounded, to 1.5cm long, +/-2cm broad. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate near the base of the corolla tube, slightly exserted. Filaments yellow, to +3cm long, with a single vertical strip of curly yellow pubescence. Anthers to 7mm long, spurred at the base. Ovary superior, surrounded by a dark green nectariferous ring, somewhat compressed, glabrous. Style glabrous, greenish, +4cm long. Calyx tube to 7mm long, glabrous, weakly bilabiate, green. Lobes of the calyx linear, green, to 6mm long, 1.1mm broad.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, borders of glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species can be found in the southeastern corner of Missouri. The plant is fairly common in the habitats mentioned above.
Steyermark separates the species into two varieties based on leaf division thickness. Variety flava has leaf divisions which are 5-15mm broad and the leaves are not cut all the way to the midrib. Variety calycosa (Mackenz. & Bush) Steyerm. has leaf divisions which are 1-5mm broad and leaves which are cut nearly all the way to the midrib. This variety is shown above. Both varieties are equally common in Missouri.
Stems - To 1.5m tall, multiple from the base, erect, herbaceous, often purple, glabrous, glaucous, fistulose, branching.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, pinnatifid, becoming linear near the apex, sessile, to +/-15cm long, +6cm broad, glabrous below, short sparse pubescent above, deep green above, lighter below, easily broken or damaged, sub-succulent.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary bracteate racemes. Each flower subtended by a linear bract. Pedicels to 5-8mm long, glabrous. Racemes to +/-40cm long.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, zygomorphic, +/-5cm long, glabrous externally, pubescent at the base internally. Lobes of corolla rounded, to 1.5cm long, +/-2cm broad. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate near the base of the corolla tube, slightly exserted. Filaments yellow, to +3cm long, with a single vertical strip of curly yellow pubescence. Anthers to 7mm long, spurred at the base. Ovary superior, surrounded by a dark green nectariferous ring, somewhat compressed, glabrous. Style glabrous, greenish, +4cm long. Calyx tube to 7mm long, glabrous, weakly bilabiate, green. Lobes of the calyx linear, green, to 6mm long, 1.1mm broad.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, borders of glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species can be found in the southeastern corner of Missouri. The plant is fairly common in the habitats mentioned above.
Steyermark separates the species into two varieties based on leaf division thickness. Variety flava has leaf divisions which are 5-15mm broad and the leaves are not cut all the way to the midrib. Variety calycosa (Mackenz. & Bush) Steyerm. has leaf divisions which are 1-5mm broad and leaves which are cut nearly all the way to the midrib. This variety is shown above. Both varieties are equally common in Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Rubiaceae
Stems - To 25cm tall, 4-angled, 1.5mm broad, antrorse strigose and villous, herbaceous, from thin taproot, multiple from base, simple. Nodes of mature stems fairly evenly spaced at about 2cm apart.
Leaves - In whorls of 4, sessile, 5mm long, 2.5-3mm broad, entire, elliptic to oblong or narrowly lanceolate, antrorse strigose, villous below, ciliate-margined, with prominent midrib.
Inflorescence - 1-4 flowers in axillary cymules. Typically two cymules per axil. Peduncles to 1.7mm long, villous.
Flowers - Corolla yellowish, 1.2mm broad, 4-lobed. Lobes .3mm long, elliptic. Stamens 4, alternating with corolla lobes. Filaments to .1mm long. Anthers yellow-orange. Styles 2. Stigmas globose. Ovary 2-carpellate, glabrous. Fruit reflexed, to +1.5mm in diameter, glabrous.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, grassy fields.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This is weedy little plant with minute flowers. It is recently introduced into Missouri but is spreading rapidly. The fruits are smooth so they do not cling to clothing and hair, but still the plant manages to propagate itself readily.
Care should be taken not to willingly distribute this species as it is non-native.
Stems - To 25cm tall, 4-angled, 1.5mm broad, antrorse strigose and villous, herbaceous, from thin taproot, multiple from base, simple. Nodes of mature stems fairly evenly spaced at about 2cm apart.
Leaves - In whorls of 4, sessile, 5mm long, 2.5-3mm broad, entire, elliptic to oblong or narrowly lanceolate, antrorse strigose, villous below, ciliate-margined, with prominent midrib.
Inflorescence - 1-4 flowers in axillary cymules. Typically two cymules per axil. Peduncles to 1.7mm long, villous.
Flowers - Corolla yellowish, 1.2mm broad, 4-lobed. Lobes .3mm long, elliptic. Stamens 4, alternating with corolla lobes. Filaments to .1mm long. Anthers yellow-orange. Styles 2. Stigmas globose. Ovary 2-carpellate, glabrous. Fruit reflexed, to +1.5mm in diameter, glabrous.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, grassy fields.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This is weedy little plant with minute flowers. It is recently introduced into Missouri but is spreading rapidly. The fruits are smooth so they do not cling to clothing and hair, but still the plant manages to propagate itself readily.
Care should be taken not to willingly distribute this species as it is non-native.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Oleaceae
Stems - To +2m tall, multiple from base, branching, woody, erect to reclining. Tigs hollow, with conspicuous lenticels, the youngest slightly 4-angled. Winter buds lance-ovoid, pointed.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petiole to 1.5cm long, minutely winged or not, glabrous. Blade lance-ovate to ovate, to +/-6cm long, +/-3cm broad, glabrous, green, acute. Margins serrate above the middle, typically entire near base.
Inflorescence - Flowers mostly appearing before leaves, axillary, solitary or in fascicles. Pedicels glabrous, to +/-6mm long.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, 4-lobed, glabrous. Tube to 8mm long. Lobes to 2cm long, 1cm broad, oblong. Stamens 2, adnate at base of corolla tube. Filaments yellow, 4mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellowish-tan, 2.1mm long. Stigma biglobose, capitate. Style to 1.5mm long. Ovary glabrous, 2-locular, glabrous, superior. Calyx 4-lobed, green or with some purple. Tube to 1mm long, glabrous. Lobes to 6mm long, 2.5mm broad, with evident midvein. Margins entire, scarious, ciliate. Capsule loculicidal, to 2cm long, 1cm in diameter, tannish, with lenticels, many seeded.
Flowering - March - April.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - Forsythia is one of the first plants to bloom in Missouri in the spring. The brilliant yellow flowers are impossible to miss and decorate the landscape. The flowers appear before the leaves but typically remain until the plant is almost leafed out. There are other species of Forsythia which are cultivated in Missouri but nearly all look alike. They can be differentiated by looking at the hairiness of the leaves and the pith (or lack of) of the twigs and branches. For a complete rundown of the genus go here.
Stems - To +2m tall, multiple from base, branching, woody, erect to reclining. Tigs hollow, with conspicuous lenticels, the youngest slightly 4-angled. Winter buds lance-ovoid, pointed.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petiole to 1.5cm long, minutely winged or not, glabrous. Blade lance-ovate to ovate, to +/-6cm long, +/-3cm broad, glabrous, green, acute. Margins serrate above the middle, typically entire near base.
Inflorescence - Flowers mostly appearing before leaves, axillary, solitary or in fascicles. Pedicels glabrous, to +/-6mm long.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, 4-lobed, glabrous. Tube to 8mm long. Lobes to 2cm long, 1cm broad, oblong. Stamens 2, adnate at base of corolla tube. Filaments yellow, 4mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellowish-tan, 2.1mm long. Stigma biglobose, capitate. Style to 1.5mm long. Ovary glabrous, 2-locular, glabrous, superior. Calyx 4-lobed, green or with some purple. Tube to 1mm long, glabrous. Lobes to 6mm long, 2.5mm broad, with evident midvein. Margins entire, scarious, ciliate. Capsule loculicidal, to 2cm long, 1cm in diameter, tannish, with lenticels, many seeded.
Flowering - March - April.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - Forsythia is one of the first plants to bloom in Missouri in the spring. The brilliant yellow flowers are impossible to miss and decorate the landscape. The flowers appear before the leaves but typically remain until the plant is almost leafed out. There are other species of Forsythia which are cultivated in Missouri but nearly all look alike. They can be differentiated by looking at the hairiness of the leaves and the pith (or lack of) of the twigs and branches. For a complete rundown of the genus go here.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Annual from a big taproot, multiple from the base, erect to ascending, herbaceous, appressed pubescent, green to reddish with vertical colored lines, much-branched, to 30cm tall (long).
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, distichous, to +/-3.5cm long, +/-1.5cm broad, deeply pinnatifid, glabrous, with scattered tannish-red glands. Divisions of the leaves linear, with a few coarse serrate teeth on the margins, often slightly folded (conduplicate) in strong sun.
Inflorescence - Short-pedunculate flower heads from the leaf axils. The peduncles with reduced leaves at the base, 3-8mm long, appressed pubescent, expanded towards the apex.
Involucre - Biseriate, 7-10mm long, 5-7mm broad. Outer series loose, of linear phyllaries. The phyllaries spreading at the apex, glabrous but with ciliolate margins (at least in the middle or basal half), +/-7mm long, 1.5mm broad at the base, with scattered glands. Phyllaries of the inner series larger than those of the outer, +/-8mm long, 2-3mm broad, glabrous, with many glands, sub-acute at the apex, oblong-linear.
Ray flowers - Flowers pistillate and fertile, +/-8 per head. Ligule short, 1mm long, -1mm broad, notched at the apex, glabrous. Corolla tube +/-3mm long, with antrorse pubescence, white in the basal 2/3, yellow above. Style translucent below, glabrous, bifurcate at the apex. Stigmas yellow, .6-.8mm long, recurved, glabrous. Pappus of multiple +/-10 laciniate awns. Awns 2-2.8mm long, purplish at the tips, whitish below. Achenes black, +/-3mm long, -1mm broad, sparse sericeous to glabrous.
Disk flowers - Flowers +/-20 per head, fertile. Corolla tube +3mm long, pubescent as the ray flowers, colored as the ray flowers, 5-lobed. Lobes small, .3mm long, .2mm broad, erect to slightly spreading, glabrous, acute. Stamens 5, included, adnate near the base of the corolla tube. Filaments greenish-translucent, 1-1.5mm long. Anthers yellow, connate around the style, 1-1.3mm long. Style included, +/-2mm long, glabrous, greenish-translucent in the basal 2/3, yellowish above. Stigma bifurcate, barely exserted beyond the anthers, included in the corolla tube, yellowish-purple at the apex. Stigmas .5-.6mm long, erect to slightly spreading. Pappus and achenes as with the ray flowers. Receptacle flattish, with no large chaff.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Dry fields, pastures, loess hills, prairies, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is most common in the northern portion of the state. The plant is easy to identify becasue of its small size, opposite, divided leaves, and incredible aroma. The glands of the plant are filled with a watery liquid that has a distinctive smell and is unmistakable.
D. papposa is most commonly found in disturbed and waste ground and appears as a weedy, exotic species.
Stems - Annual from a big taproot, multiple from the base, erect to ascending, herbaceous, appressed pubescent, green to reddish with vertical colored lines, much-branched, to 30cm tall (long).
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, distichous, to +/-3.5cm long, +/-1.5cm broad, deeply pinnatifid, glabrous, with scattered tannish-red glands. Divisions of the leaves linear, with a few coarse serrate teeth on the margins, often slightly folded (conduplicate) in strong sun.
Inflorescence - Short-pedunculate flower heads from the leaf axils. The peduncles with reduced leaves at the base, 3-8mm long, appressed pubescent, expanded towards the apex.
Involucre - Biseriate, 7-10mm long, 5-7mm broad. Outer series loose, of linear phyllaries. The phyllaries spreading at the apex, glabrous but with ciliolate margins (at least in the middle or basal half), +/-7mm long, 1.5mm broad at the base, with scattered glands. Phyllaries of the inner series larger than those of the outer, +/-8mm long, 2-3mm broad, glabrous, with many glands, sub-acute at the apex, oblong-linear.
Ray flowers - Flowers pistillate and fertile, +/-8 per head. Ligule short, 1mm long, -1mm broad, notched at the apex, glabrous. Corolla tube +/-3mm long, with antrorse pubescence, white in the basal 2/3, yellow above. Style translucent below, glabrous, bifurcate at the apex. Stigmas yellow, .6-.8mm long, recurved, glabrous. Pappus of multiple +/-10 laciniate awns. Awns 2-2.8mm long, purplish at the tips, whitish below. Achenes black, +/-3mm long, -1mm broad, sparse sericeous to glabrous.
Disk flowers - Flowers +/-20 per head, fertile. Corolla tube +3mm long, pubescent as the ray flowers, colored as the ray flowers, 5-lobed. Lobes small, .3mm long, .2mm broad, erect to slightly spreading, glabrous, acute. Stamens 5, included, adnate near the base of the corolla tube. Filaments greenish-translucent, 1-1.5mm long. Anthers yellow, connate around the style, 1-1.3mm long. Style included, +/-2mm long, glabrous, greenish-translucent in the basal 2/3, yellowish above. Stigma bifurcate, barely exserted beyond the anthers, included in the corolla tube, yellowish-purple at the apex. Stigmas .5-.6mm long, erect to slightly spreading. Pappus and achenes as with the ray flowers. Receptacle flattish, with no large chaff.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Dry fields, pastures, loess hills, prairies, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is most common in the northern portion of the state. The plant is easy to identify becasue of its small size, opposite, divided leaves, and incredible aroma. The glands of the plant are filled with a watery liquid that has a distinctive smell and is unmistakable.
D. papposa is most commonly found in disturbed and waste ground and appears as a weedy, exotic species.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To 2m tall, from a short woody caudex and thickened roots, herbaceous, erect, glabrous, glaucous, branching in apical 1/2, fistulose, single from the base.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate, trifoliolate. Petioles glabrous, to 2cm long. Bases of opposing petioles connected and enveloping the stem. Lateral leaflets sessile. Terminal leaflet with a short petiolule (to 5mm long). Leaflets entire, pubescent abaxially, very sparse pubescent adaxially, acute, oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, to 11cm long, 3.5cm broad. Venation is tuberculate adaxially and plainly visible below. Margins thickened and antrorse strigillose.
Inflorescence - A flat-topped cymose arrangement of flower heads.
Involucre - Biseriate, to 6mm tall (long), 7mm in diameter. Outer phyllaries green and linear, +/-6 in number, very sparse pubescent, +/-5mm long, 1mm broad, rounded at apex. Inner phyllaries broad, green at base, yellow in apical 1/2, pubescent externally, glabrous internally, the apices bent and spreading outward, acute, 7-8mm long, 3-4mm broad.
Ray flowers - Sterile, typically 8 per flower head. Ligules yellow, to +/-3cm long, to 1cm broad, glabrous or with very few hairs near base by the corolla tube. Achene compressed, to 3.5mm long in flower, yellowish, mostly glabrous but with some pubescence at apex. Pappus of short eros scales.
Disk flowers - Disk to -1cm broad. Corolla 5mm long, contracted at base for about 1mm, dark purple at apex, 5-lobed. LObes acute, triangular, spreading to recurved, +/-.8mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at apex of contracted portion of corolla tube. Filaments white, glabrous, compressed, 2.1mm long, with an obvious midvein. Anthers purple, to 2.3mm long, connate around the style, partially exserted. Style glabrous, pale yellow, slightly swollen at base, bifurcate, purple in apical portion (stigmas). Achenes compressed, greenish-white in flower, glabrous, 3mm long. Pappus of short eros scales. Receptacle flat. Chaff thin, glabrous, golden at the apex, 7-8mm long, .3mm broad.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Prairies, rocky open woods, bluffs, thickets, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This tall species of Coreopsis is found throughout Missouri except in a few counties in the "bootheel." The plant is tolerant of dry conditions and would make a good garden specimen. This plant is easy to ID in the field because of its glabrous, glaucous stems and its trifoliolate leaves. Occasionally a small plant will have leaves which are undivided.
Stems - To 2m tall, from a short woody caudex and thickened roots, herbaceous, erect, glabrous, glaucous, branching in apical 1/2, fistulose, single from the base.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate, trifoliolate. Petioles glabrous, to 2cm long. Bases of opposing petioles connected and enveloping the stem. Lateral leaflets sessile. Terminal leaflet with a short petiolule (to 5mm long). Leaflets entire, pubescent abaxially, very sparse pubescent adaxially, acute, oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, to 11cm long, 3.5cm broad. Venation is tuberculate adaxially and plainly visible below. Margins thickened and antrorse strigillose.
Inflorescence - A flat-topped cymose arrangement of flower heads.
Involucre - Biseriate, to 6mm tall (long), 7mm in diameter. Outer phyllaries green and linear, +/-6 in number, very sparse pubescent, +/-5mm long, 1mm broad, rounded at apex. Inner phyllaries broad, green at base, yellow in apical 1/2, pubescent externally, glabrous internally, the apices bent and spreading outward, acute, 7-8mm long, 3-4mm broad.
Ray flowers - Sterile, typically 8 per flower head. Ligules yellow, to +/-3cm long, to 1cm broad, glabrous or with very few hairs near base by the corolla tube. Achene compressed, to 3.5mm long in flower, yellowish, mostly glabrous but with some pubescence at apex. Pappus of short eros scales.
Disk flowers - Disk to -1cm broad. Corolla 5mm long, contracted at base for about 1mm, dark purple at apex, 5-lobed. LObes acute, triangular, spreading to recurved, +/-.8mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at apex of contracted portion of corolla tube. Filaments white, glabrous, compressed, 2.1mm long, with an obvious midvein. Anthers purple, to 2.3mm long, connate around the style, partially exserted. Style glabrous, pale yellow, slightly swollen at base, bifurcate, purple in apical portion (stigmas). Achenes compressed, greenish-white in flower, glabrous, 3mm long. Pappus of short eros scales. Receptacle flat. Chaff thin, glabrous, golden at the apex, 7-8mm long, .3mm broad.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Prairies, rocky open woods, bluffs, thickets, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This tall species of Coreopsis is found throughout Missouri except in a few counties in the "bootheel." The plant is tolerant of dry conditions and would make a good garden specimen. This plant is easy to ID in the field because of its glabrous, glaucous stems and its trifoliolate leaves. Occasionally a small plant will have leaves which are undivided.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To 1.5m tall, from fibrous roots, carinate, glabrous, herbaceous, typically single from base, branching above.
Leaves - Opposite. Lowest leaves petiolate, bipinnately divided. Ultimate divisions linear-oblanceolate to linear-oblong, entire, typically glabrous. Petioles and petiolules with some pubescence. Petioles to 8cm long. Upper leaves larger than lower. Ultimate divisions linear, glabrous with antrorse strigillose margins.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating stem branches. Peduncles to +6cm long.
Involucre - In two series. Outer series of phyllaries to 3mm long, 1.5mm broad. Phyllaries green, lanceolate, glabrous. Inner series of phyllaries to 8mm long, +/-3mm broad. Phyllaries dark brown-purple, glabrous, united at base for 1-2mm, abruptly bent and spreading near apex, acute.
Ray flowers - Flowers typically 8 per head. Ligule to 1.5cm long, 1cm broad, slightly tapering to base, shallowly lobed at apex with one larger central lobe and two smaller lateral lobes, yellow or yellow with a dark purple base. Achene flattened, 1.4mm long in flower, truncate at apex, white, broader than disk achenes. Pappus absent or a minute crown.
Disk flowers - Disk to 8mm broad, subglobose. Corolla tube to 3mm long, yellow-orange, deep purple at apex, 4-lobed, fertile. Style bifurcate, orange at apex, exserted. Achene 1.8mm long in flower, flattened, glabrous. Pappus absent or a minute crown.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Glades, open rocky and sandy ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The plant pictured above is C. tinctoria f. atropurpurea (Hook.) Fern., which has the ray ligules with a deep purplish base. The ligules can also be almost completely purple (as seen above). C. tinctoria f. tinctoria has ligules which are solid yellow.
This species is widely cultivated and easy to grow. It has spread to most of the eastern U.S., not part of its original range. The plant is widely planted and very common in Missouri.
Stems - To 1.5m tall, from fibrous roots, carinate, glabrous, herbaceous, typically single from base, branching above.
Leaves - Opposite. Lowest leaves petiolate, bipinnately divided. Ultimate divisions linear-oblanceolate to linear-oblong, entire, typically glabrous. Petioles and petiolules with some pubescence. Petioles to 8cm long. Upper leaves larger than lower. Ultimate divisions linear, glabrous with antrorse strigillose margins.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating stem branches. Peduncles to +6cm long.
Involucre - In two series. Outer series of phyllaries to 3mm long, 1.5mm broad. Phyllaries green, lanceolate, glabrous. Inner series of phyllaries to 8mm long, +/-3mm broad. Phyllaries dark brown-purple, glabrous, united at base for 1-2mm, abruptly bent and spreading near apex, acute.
Ray flowers - Flowers typically 8 per head. Ligule to 1.5cm long, 1cm broad, slightly tapering to base, shallowly lobed at apex with one larger central lobe and two smaller lateral lobes, yellow or yellow with a dark purple base. Achene flattened, 1.4mm long in flower, truncate at apex, white, broader than disk achenes. Pappus absent or a minute crown.
Disk flowers - Disk to 8mm broad, subglobose. Corolla tube to 3mm long, yellow-orange, deep purple at apex, 4-lobed, fertile. Style bifurcate, orange at apex, exserted. Achene 1.8mm long in flower, flattened, glabrous. Pappus absent or a minute crown.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Glades, open rocky and sandy ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The plant pictured above is C. tinctoria f. atropurpurea (Hook.) Fern., which has the ray ligules with a deep purplish base. The ligules can also be almost completely purple (as seen above). C. tinctoria f. tinctoria has ligules which are solid yellow.
This species is widely cultivated and easy to grow. It has spread to most of the eastern U.S., not part of its original range. The plant is widely planted and very common in Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To 1m tall, erect, with fibrous roots, multiple from base, branching in apical 1/2, hirsute, slightly scabrous, herbaceous. Hairs of the stem multicellular.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +/-1.5cm long, hirsute, minutely winged with decurrent leaf tissue. Blades ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminate, to +/-8cm long, +/-3.5cm broad, pubescent abaxially (slightly scabrous), mostly glabrous adaxially, lighter green abaxially, often with two small lateral lobes at base.
Inflorescence - Single flower heads terminating long peduncles. Peduncles to +15cm long, pubescent near base, glabrous near apex.
Involucre - Phyllaries in two series. Outer phyllaries 8, green, subulate to lanceolate, to 7mm long, 1.7mm broad, spreading, glabrous, with scarious margins, with some short cilia at apex. Inner phyllaries yellow-green, erect and spreading in apical 1/2, lanceolate, 9mm long, +/-3mm broad, glabrous.
Ray flowers - Typically 8 per flower head, sterile. Ligules to 1.5cm long, 8-9mm broad, glabrous, distinctly notched or lobed at apex. Achenes (in flower) 1.3mm long, .9mm broad, compressed, white. Pappus absent.
Disk flowers - Disk 6-8mm broad. Flowers yellow, 5-lobed. Corolla tube 4mm long, glabrous. Achenes with two small scales as pappus, compressed, glabrous, winged, tuberculate, 2.5-3mm long in fruit, black when mature, greenish-white in flower. Receptacle convex. Chaff 6mm long, compressed, whitish at base, becoming thin and yellow at apex.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, base of wooded bluffs, low ground, gravel stream beds, alluvial thickets, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found mainly in the lower 1/2 of Missouri. A small population also occurs in the northeast corner of the state. This plant can be easy to ID because of its pubescent stems and leaves, distinctive leaf shape, and deeply notched ray ligules. The plant does well in cultivation and grows well from seed.
Stems - To 1m tall, erect, with fibrous roots, multiple from base, branching in apical 1/2, hirsute, slightly scabrous, herbaceous. Hairs of the stem multicellular.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +/-1.5cm long, hirsute, minutely winged with decurrent leaf tissue. Blades ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminate, to +/-8cm long, +/-3.5cm broad, pubescent abaxially (slightly scabrous), mostly glabrous adaxially, lighter green abaxially, often with two small lateral lobes at base.
Inflorescence - Single flower heads terminating long peduncles. Peduncles to +15cm long, pubescent near base, glabrous near apex.
Involucre - Phyllaries in two series. Outer phyllaries 8, green, subulate to lanceolate, to 7mm long, 1.7mm broad, spreading, glabrous, with scarious margins, with some short cilia at apex. Inner phyllaries yellow-green, erect and spreading in apical 1/2, lanceolate, 9mm long, +/-3mm broad, glabrous.
Ray flowers - Typically 8 per flower head, sterile. Ligules to 1.5cm long, 8-9mm broad, glabrous, distinctly notched or lobed at apex. Achenes (in flower) 1.3mm long, .9mm broad, compressed, white. Pappus absent.
Disk flowers - Disk 6-8mm broad. Flowers yellow, 5-lobed. Corolla tube 4mm long, glabrous. Achenes with two small scales as pappus, compressed, glabrous, winged, tuberculate, 2.5-3mm long in fruit, black when mature, greenish-white in flower. Receptacle convex. Chaff 6mm long, compressed, whitish at base, becoming thin and yellow at apex.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, base of wooded bluffs, low ground, gravel stream beds, alluvial thickets, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found mainly in the lower 1/2 of Missouri. A small population also occurs in the northeast corner of the state. This plant can be easy to ID because of its pubescent stems and leaves, distinctive leaf shape, and deeply notched ray ligules. The plant does well in cultivation and grows well from seed.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - From a small crown and rhizomes, single or multiple from the base, herbaceous, erect, to -1m tall, simple to branching, green with light green vertical striations, somewhat carinate or not, somewhat angled in the upper 1/2, mostly glabrous or with a few hairs at the nodes, +/-3mm in diameter.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, decussate, 3-5-lobed in the apical 1/2, shaped like a turkey foot, deep green above and below, sometimes with light green around the midvein abaxially, to +/-6cm long, antrorse strigillose above and below and on margins. Lobes 3-6mm broad, entire, typically with a minute whitish tip (use a lens to see). The central lobe typically longer than the lateral lobes. All the main veins of the leaf coming from the very base of the leaf. Leaves reduced to bracts in the inflorescence.
Inflorescence - Single pedunculate flower head terminating each stem. Some flowers axillary from the upper leaf axils. Peduncle typically naked, glabrous, slightly expanded just below the involucre.
Involucre - Biseriate. Outer series of +/-12 phyllaries. Phyllaries subulate-linear, entire, ascending, 6-7mm long, 2mm broad, rounded at the apex, with sparse strigose-ciliate margins. Inner phyllaries yellow-brown, bent outward in the apical 1/3, glabrous, 4-5mm broad, 7-9mm long, oblanceolate to spatulate, rounded to subacute at apex, with brown vertical striations, green at base.
Ray flowers - Sterile, 8-10 per flower head. Ligule yellow, 2-3cm long, +/-1cm broad, mostly glabrous or with a few hairs on the veins below, with 2 impressed veins near the base, 3-toothed at the apex, elliptic-oblong. Corolla tube greenish, +/-3mm long, with sparse multicellular trichomes. The trichomes pilosulous. Achenes compressed, brown at maturity, glabrous, with scarious margins, truncate apically and basally, to 5mm long. Pappus none.
Disk flowers - Disk -1cm broad. Corolla tube 5mm long, yellow, 5-lobed, constricted at the base and opaque, expanded in the apical 1/2 and translucent yellow, with a few multicellular trichomes at the apex of the constriction. Apical 1/2 with 5 brown vertical nerves. Lobes erect, acute, -1mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the expanded portion of the corolla tube. Filaments yellow, glabrous, +2mm long, with a visible midvein, slightly compressed. Anthers brown-purple, 2-2.2mm long, partially exserted, connate around the style. Style bifurcate, exserted beyond the anthers, yellow in the apical 1/2, white basally, glabrous. Stigmas short, yellow, broadly lanceolate, +/-1mm long. Achenes as in the ray flowers but often thinner. Pappus none. Receptacle flat. Chaff linear, translucent, 7-9mm long, with brown vertical striations, slightly expanded at the apex, .3mm broad or less.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, fallow fields, rocky open woods, thickets, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species is a common roadside plant in the Ozarks in early summer. It is usually on of the first members of its genus to bloom. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its parted, opposite leaves. It would make an easy garden subject and should be cultivated more.
Stems - From a small crown and rhizomes, single or multiple from the base, herbaceous, erect, to -1m tall, simple to branching, green with light green vertical striations, somewhat carinate or not, somewhat angled in the upper 1/2, mostly glabrous or with a few hairs at the nodes, +/-3mm in diameter.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, decussate, 3-5-lobed in the apical 1/2, shaped like a turkey foot, deep green above and below, sometimes with light green around the midvein abaxially, to +/-6cm long, antrorse strigillose above and below and on margins. Lobes 3-6mm broad, entire, typically with a minute whitish tip (use a lens to see). The central lobe typically longer than the lateral lobes. All the main veins of the leaf coming from the very base of the leaf. Leaves reduced to bracts in the inflorescence.
Inflorescence - Single pedunculate flower head terminating each stem. Some flowers axillary from the upper leaf axils. Peduncle typically naked, glabrous, slightly expanded just below the involucre.
Involucre - Biseriate. Outer series of +/-12 phyllaries. Phyllaries subulate-linear, entire, ascending, 6-7mm long, 2mm broad, rounded at the apex, with sparse strigose-ciliate margins. Inner phyllaries yellow-brown, bent outward in the apical 1/3, glabrous, 4-5mm broad, 7-9mm long, oblanceolate to spatulate, rounded to subacute at apex, with brown vertical striations, green at base.
Ray flowers - Sterile, 8-10 per flower head. Ligule yellow, 2-3cm long, +/-1cm broad, mostly glabrous or with a few hairs on the veins below, with 2 impressed veins near the base, 3-toothed at the apex, elliptic-oblong. Corolla tube greenish, +/-3mm long, with sparse multicellular trichomes. The trichomes pilosulous. Achenes compressed, brown at maturity, glabrous, with scarious margins, truncate apically and basally, to 5mm long. Pappus none.
Disk flowers - Disk -1cm broad. Corolla tube 5mm long, yellow, 5-lobed, constricted at the base and opaque, expanded in the apical 1/2 and translucent yellow, with a few multicellular trichomes at the apex of the constriction. Apical 1/2 with 5 brown vertical nerves. Lobes erect, acute, -1mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the expanded portion of the corolla tube. Filaments yellow, glabrous, +2mm long, with a visible midvein, slightly compressed. Anthers brown-purple, 2-2.2mm long, partially exserted, connate around the style. Style bifurcate, exserted beyond the anthers, yellow in the apical 1/2, white basally, glabrous. Stigmas short, yellow, broadly lanceolate, +/-1mm long. Achenes as in the ray flowers but often thinner. Pappus none. Receptacle flat. Chaff linear, translucent, 7-9mm long, with brown vertical striations, slightly expanded at the apex, .3mm broad or less.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, fallow fields, rocky open woods, thickets, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species is a common roadside plant in the Ozarks in early summer. It is usually on of the first members of its genus to bloom. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its parted, opposite leaves. It would make an easy garden subject and should be cultivated more.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Multiple from base, herbaceous, branching, erect or reclining, with vertical striations, glabrous to villous, fistulose.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, linear oblong to oblanceolate, often with two or four pinnate lobes, to +10cm long, +2cm broad, acute, entire, scabrous (hairs with swollen bases) or glabrous, with a single prominent midrib. Margins with minute antrorse prickles. The leaves mostly in the basal 1/2 of the plant.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating a long naked peduncle. Peduncle to -30cm long.
Involucre. - Involucre of two series (biseriate). Outer phyllaries 8, 5mm long, 2mm broad, with scarious margins, glabrous, green, spreading or slightly erect, expanding in fruit. Inner phyllaries to 1.2cm long, green at base, yellow and translucent at apex, bent at midpoint and the apices spreading, glabrous, acute, to 5mm broad.
Ray flowers - Ligule yellow, +/-2.5cm long, 1.2cm broad, glabrous, 4-lobed near apex. Flowers sterile. Achenes 4mm long in flower, 1mm broad, flattened, greenish. Pappus of two marginal scale-like awns.
Disk flowers - Disk 9mm broad in flower. Flowers yellow, 5-lobed, fertile. Corolla tube to 3mm long, glabrous. Achenes flattened, 1.2mm long in flower, with 2 small awns. Achenes brown, 3mm long, to 1.9mm broad in fruit. Awns deciduous in fruit. Receptacle convex. Chaff to 9mm long, white and flat at the base, filiform and yellow at the apex, well exceeding the disk flowers.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Rocky prairies, glades, bluffs, sandy open ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found mainly in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its undivided, opposite leaves and big yellow flower heads. This plant does well in cultivation and makes a good garden specimen.
Steyermark breaks the species up into 2 varieties. Variety lanceolata has stems and leaves that are mostly glabrous. Variety villosa Michx. has leaves and stems which are pubescent. Both varieties are equally distributed in the plants habitat.
Stems - Multiple from base, herbaceous, branching, erect or reclining, with vertical striations, glabrous to villous, fistulose.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, linear oblong to oblanceolate, often with two or four pinnate lobes, to +10cm long, +2cm broad, acute, entire, scabrous (hairs with swollen bases) or glabrous, with a single prominent midrib. Margins with minute antrorse prickles. The leaves mostly in the basal 1/2 of the plant.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating a long naked peduncle. Peduncle to -30cm long.
Involucre. - Involucre of two series (biseriate). Outer phyllaries 8, 5mm long, 2mm broad, with scarious margins, glabrous, green, spreading or slightly erect, expanding in fruit. Inner phyllaries to 1.2cm long, green at base, yellow and translucent at apex, bent at midpoint and the apices spreading, glabrous, acute, to 5mm broad.
Ray flowers - Ligule yellow, +/-2.5cm long, 1.2cm broad, glabrous, 4-lobed near apex. Flowers sterile. Achenes 4mm long in flower, 1mm broad, flattened, greenish. Pappus of two marginal scale-like awns.
Disk flowers - Disk 9mm broad in flower. Flowers yellow, 5-lobed, fertile. Corolla tube to 3mm long, glabrous. Achenes flattened, 1.2mm long in flower, with 2 small awns. Achenes brown, 3mm long, to 1.9mm broad in fruit. Awns deciduous in fruit. Receptacle convex. Chaff to 9mm long, white and flat at the base, filiform and yellow at the apex, well exceeding the disk flowers.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Rocky prairies, glades, bluffs, sandy open ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found mainly in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its undivided, opposite leaves and big yellow flower heads. This plant does well in cultivation and makes a good garden specimen.
Steyermark breaks the species up into 2 varieties. Variety lanceolata has stems and leaves that are mostly glabrous. Variety villosa Michx. has leaves and stems which are pubescent. Both varieties are equally distributed in the plants habitat.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月29日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +2m tall, erect, branching, multiple from base, herbaceous, rooting at lower nodes, often purplish or mottled, 4-angled, (the angles rounded), fluted, glabrous to sparse antrorse pubescent, from fibrous roots.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +/-3cm long, with an adaxial groove (the groove sparsely pubescent). Blades pinnately divided. Ultimate divisions serrate, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, the terminal division being the largest, to 10cm long, 1.5cm broad, deep dull green and very sparse antrorse pubescent above, light green and antrorse pubescent below. Leaves reduced upward.
Inflorescence - Loose cymose arrangement of flower heads.
Involucre - Flat, to 2.3cm broad. Bracts biseriate. Outer phyllaries +/-15, with fimbriate margins, linear, acute, often twisted, to +1cm long, 1.2-1.4mm broad, pubescent externally, often with revolute margins. Inner phyllaries yellowish, with dark purple apices, ovate-lanceolate, entire, glabrous, 6-7mm long, 2-3mm broad, erect in fruit.
Ray flowers - +/-8 per flower head, sterile. Ligule to 3cm long, +/-1cm broad, yellow, glabrous, the apex blunt to very shallowly 2-3 notched. Corolla tube antrorse pubescent. Achene reduced, compressed, with barbed margins, 1mm long, rectangular.
Disk flowers - Corolla yellowish, 5-lobed. Corolla tube constricted in lower 1/2, funnelform in upper 1/2, glabrous, to 4mm long. Corolla lobes acute, spreading to erect, .7mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at apex of corolla tube constriction. Filaments to 1.2mm long, glabrous, pale yellow. Anthers connate around style, purplish-brown, exserted, to 2.1mm long. Style typically not exserted beyond anthers, bifurcate, yellow in apical portion (stigma). Achenes (in flower) white, compressed, 3-sided, antrorse pubescent, with barbed margins, becoming obovate in fruit, dark greenish, +/-4mm long, 3mm broad. Pappus of two rounded shallow awns. Chaff compressed, to 7mm long, 1mm broad, translucent but yellowish in upper 1/2 and with a purple tip, glabrous, subacute.
Flowering - August to October.
Habitat - Wet prairies and meadows, swampy woods, ditches, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is common throughout Missouri. It can be seen growing along many roads and highways. The ligules in the first picture above appear to be two-toned but are really solid yellow when seen in nature. This is a weedy species which is locally abundant but is also very striking and visited by many flying insects.
Steyermark lists two varieties for the plant based on awn barb direction. Variety polylepis has antrorse awn barbs. Variety retrorsa Sherff has, you guessed it, retrorse awn barbs.
Stems - To +2m tall, erect, branching, multiple from base, herbaceous, rooting at lower nodes, often purplish or mottled, 4-angled, (the angles rounded), fluted, glabrous to sparse antrorse pubescent, from fibrous roots.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +/-3cm long, with an adaxial groove (the groove sparsely pubescent). Blades pinnately divided. Ultimate divisions serrate, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, the terminal division being the largest, to 10cm long, 1.5cm broad, deep dull green and very sparse antrorse pubescent above, light green and antrorse pubescent below. Leaves reduced upward.
Inflorescence - Loose cymose arrangement of flower heads.
Involucre - Flat, to 2.3cm broad. Bracts biseriate. Outer phyllaries +/-15, with fimbriate margins, linear, acute, often twisted, to +1cm long, 1.2-1.4mm broad, pubescent externally, often with revolute margins. Inner phyllaries yellowish, with dark purple apices, ovate-lanceolate, entire, glabrous, 6-7mm long, 2-3mm broad, erect in fruit.
Ray flowers - +/-8 per flower head, sterile. Ligule to 3cm long, +/-1cm broad, yellow, glabrous, the apex blunt to very shallowly 2-3 notched. Corolla tube antrorse pubescent. Achene reduced, compressed, with barbed margins, 1mm long, rectangular.
Disk flowers - Corolla yellowish, 5-lobed. Corolla tube constricted in lower 1/2, funnelform in upper 1/2, glabrous, to 4mm long. Corolla lobes acute, spreading to erect, .7mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at apex of corolla tube constriction. Filaments to 1.2mm long, glabrous, pale yellow. Anthers connate around style, purplish-brown, exserted, to 2.1mm long. Style typically not exserted beyond anthers, bifurcate, yellow in apical portion (stigma). Achenes (in flower) white, compressed, 3-sided, antrorse pubescent, with barbed margins, becoming obovate in fruit, dark greenish, +/-4mm long, 3mm broad. Pappus of two rounded shallow awns. Chaff compressed, to 7mm long, 1mm broad, translucent but yellowish in upper 1/2 and with a purple tip, glabrous, subacute.
Flowering - August to October.
Habitat - Wet prairies and meadows, swampy woods, ditches, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is common throughout Missouri. It can be seen growing along many roads and highways. The ligules in the first picture above appear to be two-toned but are really solid yellow when seen in nature. This is a weedy species which is locally abundant but is also very striking and visited by many flying insects.
Steyermark lists two varieties for the plant based on awn barb direction. Variety polylepis has antrorse awn barbs. Variety retrorsa Sherff has, you guessed it, retrorse awn barbs.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月29日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - From fibrous roots, stout, erect, herbaceous, to +/-2m tall, branching, 4-angled (the angles rounded), fluted, essentially glabrous but with a few antrorse hairs in upper portions, typically purple.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, trifoliolate. Petiole to +/-5cm long, with an adaxial groove (groove curly pubescent within), the rest of the petiole glabrous or with very sparse short pubescence. Lateral leaflets with petiolules to 5-6mm long, basally oblique. Terminal leaflet with petiolule to 2.5cm long, larger than lateral leaflets, sometimes unequally divided. All leaflets serrate, acuminate, puberulent above, pubescent below, to +10cm long, 4cm broad, light green below, deep dull green above.
Inflorescence - Loose cymose arrangement of flower heads.
Involucre - Outer series of bracts spreading, 5-8 in number, oblong-lanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate or spatulate, ciliate-margined, occasionally with a few coarse serrate teeth, to 3cm long, +/-6mm broad, antrorse pubescent below and above on midrib. Inner series to 1cm long, 8mm in diameter in flower. Inner bracts yellowish-green, subulate, erect, appressed, glabrous, to 7mm long, 3mm broad.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Corolla 3.1mm long, whitish at base, yellowish in apical 1/2, glabrous, contracted in basal 1/2, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, yellow, spreading to erect, .4mm long, papillate internally. Stamens 5, adnate at apex of contracted portion of corolla tube. Filaments glabrous, whitish, 1.3mm long. Anthers connate around style, only partially exserted, 1mm long, purplish. Style exserted, bifurcate, yellowish at apex (stigmas). Achenes antrorsely barbed, compressed, to 5mm long. Awns 2, to +3mm long, retrorsely barbed. Chaff thin, transparent, yellowish-brown at apex, to 8-9mm long, 1.1mm broad, slightly folded, glabrous.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Wet ground, ditches, pond margins, streambanks, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species of Bidens can be found throughout Missouri. The plant described above is B. frondosa var. frondosa f. frondosa which has the retrorse barbs on its awns. Form anomala (Porter) Fern. has barbs which are antrorse on the awns. This latter form has not been found in Missouri.
Because this species grows close to water, it is eaten by muskrats. The achenes are eaten by ducks.
Stems - From fibrous roots, stout, erect, herbaceous, to +/-2m tall, branching, 4-angled (the angles rounded), fluted, essentially glabrous but with a few antrorse hairs in upper portions, typically purple.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, trifoliolate. Petiole to +/-5cm long, with an adaxial groove (groove curly pubescent within), the rest of the petiole glabrous or with very sparse short pubescence. Lateral leaflets with petiolules to 5-6mm long, basally oblique. Terminal leaflet with petiolule to 2.5cm long, larger than lateral leaflets, sometimes unequally divided. All leaflets serrate, acuminate, puberulent above, pubescent below, to +10cm long, 4cm broad, light green below, deep dull green above.
Inflorescence - Loose cymose arrangement of flower heads.
Involucre - Outer series of bracts spreading, 5-8 in number, oblong-lanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate or spatulate, ciliate-margined, occasionally with a few coarse serrate teeth, to 3cm long, +/-6mm broad, antrorse pubescent below and above on midrib. Inner series to 1cm long, 8mm in diameter in flower. Inner bracts yellowish-green, subulate, erect, appressed, glabrous, to 7mm long, 3mm broad.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Corolla 3.1mm long, whitish at base, yellowish in apical 1/2, glabrous, contracted in basal 1/2, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, yellow, spreading to erect, .4mm long, papillate internally. Stamens 5, adnate at apex of contracted portion of corolla tube. Filaments glabrous, whitish, 1.3mm long. Anthers connate around style, only partially exserted, 1mm long, purplish. Style exserted, bifurcate, yellowish at apex (stigmas). Achenes antrorsely barbed, compressed, to 5mm long. Awns 2, to +3mm long, retrorsely barbed. Chaff thin, transparent, yellowish-brown at apex, to 8-9mm long, 1.1mm broad, slightly folded, glabrous.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Wet ground, ditches, pond margins, streambanks, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species of Bidens can be found throughout Missouri. The plant described above is B. frondosa var. frondosa f. frondosa which has the retrorse barbs on its awns. Form anomala (Porter) Fern. has barbs which are antrorse on the awns. This latter form has not been found in Missouri.
Because this species grows close to water, it is eaten by muskrats. The achenes are eaten by ducks.
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