文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Hydrophyllaceae
Stems - Fleshy, hollow, from a large fleshy taproot, glaucous, glabrous to sparsely pubescent near the nodes, to +30cm tall, herbaceous, erect to ascending, multiple from the base.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to 2cm long, pubescent. Blade pinnatifid, pubescent above and below, to 8cm long, 5cm broad. Main leaf divisions toothed or with pointed lobes. Margins ciliate.
Inflorescence - Single flowers opposite the upper leaves. Also in terminal loose panicles. Pedicels greatly elongated in fruit, hirsute.
Flowers - Corolla tubular, cylindric, 6-7mm long, 3mm in diameter, glabrous externally and internally, 5-lobed, whitish to blue. Corolla tube to 4mm long. Lobes rounded at the apex, -2mm broad, 2.5mm long. Stamens 5, alternating with the corolla lobes, included, adnate at the base of the corolla tube. Filaments 1.3mm long, glabrous. Anthers brown, .5mm long. Ovary covered with long white bristles, superior, subtended by a ring of nectaries. Style forked at the apex. Calyx deeply 5-lobed. Lobes spreading, lanceolate, to 8mm long, 3mm broad in flower, accrescent, pubescent. Fruit biglobose, fleshy, with bristles.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Moist woods, thickets, flood plains, stream banks, waste ground, cultivated areas, disturbed sites.
Origin - Native to the U.S.
Other info. - This little species is easy to identify in the field. Its pinnatifid leaves and tubular corollas are good characteristics for identification. The plant is common throughout much of Missouri but is less common in the extreme southeast corner of the state.
The flowers of this species can be white but typically have at least a blue tinge.
Stems - Fleshy, hollow, from a large fleshy taproot, glaucous, glabrous to sparsely pubescent near the nodes, to +30cm tall, herbaceous, erect to ascending, multiple from the base.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to 2cm long, pubescent. Blade pinnatifid, pubescent above and below, to 8cm long, 5cm broad. Main leaf divisions toothed or with pointed lobes. Margins ciliate.
Inflorescence - Single flowers opposite the upper leaves. Also in terminal loose panicles. Pedicels greatly elongated in fruit, hirsute.
Flowers - Corolla tubular, cylindric, 6-7mm long, 3mm in diameter, glabrous externally and internally, 5-lobed, whitish to blue. Corolla tube to 4mm long. Lobes rounded at the apex, -2mm broad, 2.5mm long. Stamens 5, alternating with the corolla lobes, included, adnate at the base of the corolla tube. Filaments 1.3mm long, glabrous. Anthers brown, .5mm long. Ovary covered with long white bristles, superior, subtended by a ring of nectaries. Style forked at the apex. Calyx deeply 5-lobed. Lobes spreading, lanceolate, to 8mm long, 3mm broad in flower, accrescent, pubescent. Fruit biglobose, fleshy, with bristles.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Moist woods, thickets, flood plains, stream banks, waste ground, cultivated areas, disturbed sites.
Origin - Native to the U.S.
Other info. - This little species is easy to identify in the field. Its pinnatifid leaves and tubular corollas are good characteristics for identification. The plant is common throughout much of Missouri but is less common in the extreme southeast corner of the state.
The flowers of this species can be white but typically have at least a blue tinge.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Erect, to 1m tall, branching, herbaceous, with uneven hirsute pubescence on stem(mostly pubescent at and just below the nodes), from tough stout roots.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, acute to acuminate, shallow serrate to crenate-serrate, slightly scabrous and pubescent below, sparse pubescent and shiny dark green above, to -30cm long, -10cm broad, tapering to base.
Inflorescence - Capitate cluster (glomerule) of flower heads terminating stems. Peduncles to +10cm, antrorse appressed pubescent. Peduncles subtended by single foliaceous bract. Flower clusters subtended by typically three foliaceous bracts to +/-4cm long. Bracts with antrorse appressed pubescence.
Involucre - Phyllaries loose, to -1cm long, 2mm broad, acute, green in upper 1/2, scarious below.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Corolla lilac to whitish, irregularly 5-lobed. Corolla tube 5mm long, glabrous. Lobes to 5mm long, linear, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube. Anthers connate around style, 2mm long, exserted. Style included. Achene (in flower) white, pubescent, 2mm long. Pappus of 5 bristles. Bristles to 5mm long, slightly flattened and expanded at base.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Low woods, ravines, streambanks, moist thickets, open woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is common in the lower 1/2 of Missouri. It is simple to identify in the field as no other plant even resembles it. The plant prefers shaded moist woods.
The flowers are typically more blue than they appear in the pics above.
Stems - Erect, to 1m tall, branching, herbaceous, with uneven hirsute pubescence on stem(mostly pubescent at and just below the nodes), from tough stout roots.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, acute to acuminate, shallow serrate to crenate-serrate, slightly scabrous and pubescent below, sparse pubescent and shiny dark green above, to -30cm long, -10cm broad, tapering to base.
Inflorescence - Capitate cluster (glomerule) of flower heads terminating stems. Peduncles to +10cm, antrorse appressed pubescent. Peduncles subtended by single foliaceous bract. Flower clusters subtended by typically three foliaceous bracts to +/-4cm long. Bracts with antrorse appressed pubescence.
Involucre - Phyllaries loose, to -1cm long, 2mm broad, acute, green in upper 1/2, scarious below.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Corolla lilac to whitish, irregularly 5-lobed. Corolla tube 5mm long, glabrous. Lobes to 5mm long, linear, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube. Anthers connate around style, 2mm long, exserted. Style included. Achene (in flower) white, pubescent, 2mm long. Pappus of 5 bristles. Bristles to 5mm long, slightly flattened and expanded at base.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Low woods, ravines, streambanks, moist thickets, open woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is common in the lower 1/2 of Missouri. It is simple to identify in the field as no other plant even resembles it. The plant prefers shaded moist woods.
The flowers are typically more blue than they appear in the pics above.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Boraginaceae
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, lateral stems often ascending, typically multiple from base, simple, herbaceous, from big taproot, green with purple spotting (from spine bases), dense pubescent and also with straight spines. Spines clear and crystalline.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile. The basal and lower cauline leaves to +15cm long, 3cm broad. all leaves entire, acute, linear to linear lanceolate or linear-oblong, with single midvein, strigose above and below, with spines on midrib below, green above, light green below.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal scorpoid racemes from upper 2/3 of stem. Racemes subtended by foliaceous bracts. Flowers secund, sessile, each subtended by a lanceolate bract. Bracts typically equaling the calyx. Bracts and axis of inflorescence pubescent and with spines.
Flowers - Corolla shallowly 5-lobed, zygomorphic, blue-purple to pink, to 1.5cm long. Corolla tube sericeous externally, glabrous internally. Lobes rounded, the upper two larger and extended further than the lower three. Stamens 5, adnate near base of corolla tube, opposite of corolla lobes, exserted. Filaments 1.3cm long, reddish, glabrous. Anthers greyish-green, .6mm broad. Style densely pubescent, pinkish-red, 2cm long. Stigma 2-lobed, 1.5mm long. Ovary superior, 4-lobed, 2mm in diameter, subtended by nectariferous ring. Lobes rounded, glabrous, green. Sepals 5, green, attenuate, spined and pubescent externally, glabrous internally, to 8mm long in flower, distinct. Calyx accrescent. Fruit 1-seeded. Many times only one of the four lobes of the ovary developing into a mature fruit.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Waste ground, roadsides, gravel bars, sand bars.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This striking species is best viewed and not touched. The sharp spines, which cover the plant, are a powerful deterrent and become lodged in the skin much like those of a cactus. This species is becoming common in many areas of Missouri and should not be willingly spread. It would be a good garden subject in an area of little water.
Traditionally the leaves of the plant were boiled and made into a tea which helped fevers and headaches. The plant contains alkaloids.
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, lateral stems often ascending, typically multiple from base, simple, herbaceous, from big taproot, green with purple spotting (from spine bases), dense pubescent and also with straight spines. Spines clear and crystalline.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile. The basal and lower cauline leaves to +15cm long, 3cm broad. all leaves entire, acute, linear to linear lanceolate or linear-oblong, with single midvein, strigose above and below, with spines on midrib below, green above, light green below.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal scorpoid racemes from upper 2/3 of stem. Racemes subtended by foliaceous bracts. Flowers secund, sessile, each subtended by a lanceolate bract. Bracts typically equaling the calyx. Bracts and axis of inflorescence pubescent and with spines.
Flowers - Corolla shallowly 5-lobed, zygomorphic, blue-purple to pink, to 1.5cm long. Corolla tube sericeous externally, glabrous internally. Lobes rounded, the upper two larger and extended further than the lower three. Stamens 5, adnate near base of corolla tube, opposite of corolla lobes, exserted. Filaments 1.3cm long, reddish, glabrous. Anthers greyish-green, .6mm broad. Style densely pubescent, pinkish-red, 2cm long. Stigma 2-lobed, 1.5mm long. Ovary superior, 4-lobed, 2mm in diameter, subtended by nectariferous ring. Lobes rounded, glabrous, green. Sepals 5, green, attenuate, spined and pubescent externally, glabrous internally, to 8mm long in flower, distinct. Calyx accrescent. Fruit 1-seeded. Many times only one of the four lobes of the ovary developing into a mature fruit.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Waste ground, roadsides, gravel bars, sand bars.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This striking species is best viewed and not touched. The sharp spines, which cover the plant, are a powerful deterrent and become lodged in the skin much like those of a cactus. This species is becoming common in many areas of Missouri and should not be willingly spread. It would be a good garden subject in an area of little water.
Traditionally the leaves of the plant were boiled and made into a tea which helped fevers and headaches. The plant contains alkaloids.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Primulaceae
Stems - Scape to +30cm tall, glabrous, 3mm in diameter, from slightly thickened roots.
Leaves - Basal, spatulate, +10cm long, +2cm broad, entire, obtuse, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Umbellate cluster terminating scape, with +/-10 flowers. Pedicels glabrous, curving, to +4cm long, longer in fruit.
Flowers - Corolla tube 2-2.5mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes spreading at first and then sharply recurving, +/-2cm long, 7mm broad, glabrous, purple or white with yellow and maroon spotting at the base near the corolla tube throat. Stamens 5, borne at apex of corolla tube, opposite the corolla lobes, connate around the ovary, connivent around the style. Anthers long, +/-8mm, attenuate. Anther connective lilac to purple, yellow below, smooth. Ovary green, glabrous, cylindric, to 4mm long, 2mm in diameter, seeds (ovules) many. Placentation free-central. Calyx tube 3mm long, 3.5mm broad, glabrous. Calyx lobes 5, attenuate, 5mm long, alternating with the corolla lobes, spreading.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Prairies, meadows, hillsides, open woods, rock outcrops.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a very striking plant which is found throughout much of Missouri except the northwestern corner. The flowers can range from purplish to white but are most commonly purplish. This is an easy species to identify because of its big basal leaves and unmistakable flowers.
Stems - Scape to +30cm tall, glabrous, 3mm in diameter, from slightly thickened roots.
Leaves - Basal, spatulate, +10cm long, +2cm broad, entire, obtuse, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Umbellate cluster terminating scape, with +/-10 flowers. Pedicels glabrous, curving, to +4cm long, longer in fruit.
Flowers - Corolla tube 2-2.5mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes spreading at first and then sharply recurving, +/-2cm long, 7mm broad, glabrous, purple or white with yellow and maroon spotting at the base near the corolla tube throat. Stamens 5, borne at apex of corolla tube, opposite the corolla lobes, connate around the ovary, connivent around the style. Anthers long, +/-8mm, attenuate. Anther connective lilac to purple, yellow below, smooth. Ovary green, glabrous, cylindric, to 4mm long, 2mm in diameter, seeds (ovules) many. Placentation free-central. Calyx tube 3mm long, 3.5mm broad, glabrous. Calyx lobes 5, attenuate, 5mm long, alternating with the corolla lobes, spreading.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Prairies, meadows, hillsides, open woods, rock outcrops.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a very striking plant which is found throughout much of Missouri except the northwestern corner. The flowers can range from purplish to white but are most commonly purplish. This is an easy species to identify because of its big basal leaves and unmistakable flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Ranunculaceae
Stems - To +45cm tall, glaucous, mostly glabrous but pubescent in and near inflorescence, hollow, herbaceous, somewhat succulent, reddish at very base, from a thick root, typically simple.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles of lower leaves to 15cm long, hollow, sparsely to moderately pubescent. Blade pubescent above and below, with ciliate margins, to +15cm broad, +8cm long, palmately lobed, each lobe again divided. Ultimate leaf divisions 2-3mm broad, linear to lanceolate.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme to 15cm tall(long). Pedicels subtended by attenuate bract. Bracts to 9mm long, 2mm broad at base.
Flowers - Pedicels to 2cm long, densely pubescent. Corolla zygomorphic, typically +/- 3.5cm long and broad. Calyx of 5 sepals. Sepals deep blue-purple(violet) to whitish. Upper sepal with spur to 2cm long. Petals 4. Lateral petals bearded on outside and slightly covering stamens. Upper petals spurred, to -2cm long, lighter blue-purple to whitish. Stamens +/-20. Anthers brownish-black, to 1.5mm long. Filaments white, glabrous, to +6mm long, flattened below and broadest at base. Ovaries pubescent, 4mm long, 1.2mm in diameter.
Fruit - Follicles up to 2cm long, 3 per flower.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Rich, moist woods, slopes, ravines, streambanks.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Everyone likes this genus because of the interesting and striking flowers. D. tricorne is a fairly small plant but it produces great color. Many pants in the genus are cultivated.
This species can be toxic.
Steyermark lists the above plant as form tricorne, having flowers which are all deep blue or with some white. A second form, form albiflora Millsp., has flowers which are entirely white. I think a third form may also exist, but I don't know what it is.
Here's a look at a white perianth:
Stems - To +45cm tall, glaucous, mostly glabrous but pubescent in and near inflorescence, hollow, herbaceous, somewhat succulent, reddish at very base, from a thick root, typically simple.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles of lower leaves to 15cm long, hollow, sparsely to moderately pubescent. Blade pubescent above and below, with ciliate margins, to +15cm broad, +8cm long, palmately lobed, each lobe again divided. Ultimate leaf divisions 2-3mm broad, linear to lanceolate.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme to 15cm tall(long). Pedicels subtended by attenuate bract. Bracts to 9mm long, 2mm broad at base.
Flowers - Pedicels to 2cm long, densely pubescent. Corolla zygomorphic, typically +/- 3.5cm long and broad. Calyx of 5 sepals. Sepals deep blue-purple(violet) to whitish. Upper sepal with spur to 2cm long. Petals 4. Lateral petals bearded on outside and slightly covering stamens. Upper petals spurred, to -2cm long, lighter blue-purple to whitish. Stamens +/-20. Anthers brownish-black, to 1.5mm long. Filaments white, glabrous, to +6mm long, flattened below and broadest at base. Ovaries pubescent, 4mm long, 1.2mm in diameter.
Fruit - Follicles up to 2cm long, 3 per flower.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Rich, moist woods, slopes, ravines, streambanks.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Everyone likes this genus because of the interesting and striking flowers. D. tricorne is a fairly small plant but it produces great color. Many pants in the genus are cultivated.
This species can be toxic.
Steyermark lists the above plant as form tricorne, having flowers which are all deep blue or with some white. A second form, form albiflora Millsp., has flowers which are entirely white. I think a third form may also exist, but I don't know what it is.
Here's a look at a white perianth:
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Ranunculaceae
Stems - To +/-1.5m tall, erect, herbaceous, terete, glabrous, glaucous, green, fistulose, simple.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, fairly evenly and widely spaced along the entire stem, not overlapping. Petioles glabrous or with a few sparse hairs near the apex, to +/-15cm long on the lowest leaves, reduced above, ascending from the stem at about a 60 degree angle. Blades with 3 main lobes, to +15cm broad and long, deep green adaxially, silvery-green abaxially, pubescent above and below, more so below. Veins of the blades impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially. The basal lobes of some of the larger leaves divided again and making the blade appear 5-lobed. All lobes further divided in the apical half. Ultimate lobes acute, entire. Upper leaves reduced, 3-lobed only.
Inflorescence - Terminal indeterminate raceme to +/-15cm long. Axis of the inflorescence angled, retrorse pubescent. Pedicels ascending as the leaves. Each pedicel subtended by one linear bract. Bracts pubescent, to +5mm long, -1mm broad. Pedicels tomentose, +/-5cm long, bent and expanded at the apex, with a pair of sub-opposite bracts near the apex. Bracts subulate, tomentose, to 2mm long.
Flowers - Petals 4, dimorphic. The upper two petals expanded at the base and forming a spur, glabrous externally, retrorse pubescent internally, with a long greenish nectary on the ventral side. Base of the petals forming a tube to hold nectar. Apices of the upper petals deflexed, purplish-blue, glabrous, notched for +/-1mm. Lateral petals reflexed in the apical half, bearded with long white hairs, purple, deeply 2-lobed at the apex (the lobes 5-7mm long). Stamens +/-30, from below the carpels. Filaments white, strongly compressed in the basal half, nearly terete in the apical half, sparse pubescent, curling in the apical half, 5-8mm long. Anthers yellow when fresh, quickly drying to a chocolate-brown color, 1.2mm long. Pollen whitish. Carpels 3. Ovaries densely antrorse appressed pubescent (the hairs white), ovoid in flower, 2-2.3mm long in flower, +/-1mm in diameter, unilocular, with 4-5 ovules. Styles white, glabrous, to 2mm long. Sepals 5, irregular, the uppermost sepal forming a tube around the spurred petals. The spur to -1.5cm long. Other sepals -1cm long, 5-7mm broad. The lateral 2 sepals rounded at the apex and with a greenish-white spot in the center. The lower 2 and uppermost sepal acute at the apices and with a green spot at the apex. All sepals tomentoulose externally, glabrous internally.
Flowering - July - August.
Habitat - Limestone or cherty limestone north and/or west-facing wooded slopes along the Current and Jack's Fork Rivers.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking plant has currently only been found in two southern Missouri counties. The plant is locally abundant where it is found, however. This species is the tallest of the genus in Missouri and certainly deserves a place in cultivation.
Stems - To +/-1.5m tall, erect, herbaceous, terete, glabrous, glaucous, green, fistulose, simple.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, fairly evenly and widely spaced along the entire stem, not overlapping. Petioles glabrous or with a few sparse hairs near the apex, to +/-15cm long on the lowest leaves, reduced above, ascending from the stem at about a 60 degree angle. Blades with 3 main lobes, to +15cm broad and long, deep green adaxially, silvery-green abaxially, pubescent above and below, more so below. Veins of the blades impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially. The basal lobes of some of the larger leaves divided again and making the blade appear 5-lobed. All lobes further divided in the apical half. Ultimate lobes acute, entire. Upper leaves reduced, 3-lobed only.
Inflorescence - Terminal indeterminate raceme to +/-15cm long. Axis of the inflorescence angled, retrorse pubescent. Pedicels ascending as the leaves. Each pedicel subtended by one linear bract. Bracts pubescent, to +5mm long, -1mm broad. Pedicels tomentose, +/-5cm long, bent and expanded at the apex, with a pair of sub-opposite bracts near the apex. Bracts subulate, tomentose, to 2mm long.
Flowers - Petals 4, dimorphic. The upper two petals expanded at the base and forming a spur, glabrous externally, retrorse pubescent internally, with a long greenish nectary on the ventral side. Base of the petals forming a tube to hold nectar. Apices of the upper petals deflexed, purplish-blue, glabrous, notched for +/-1mm. Lateral petals reflexed in the apical half, bearded with long white hairs, purple, deeply 2-lobed at the apex (the lobes 5-7mm long). Stamens +/-30, from below the carpels. Filaments white, strongly compressed in the basal half, nearly terete in the apical half, sparse pubescent, curling in the apical half, 5-8mm long. Anthers yellow when fresh, quickly drying to a chocolate-brown color, 1.2mm long. Pollen whitish. Carpels 3. Ovaries densely antrorse appressed pubescent (the hairs white), ovoid in flower, 2-2.3mm long in flower, +/-1mm in diameter, unilocular, with 4-5 ovules. Styles white, glabrous, to 2mm long. Sepals 5, irregular, the uppermost sepal forming a tube around the spurred petals. The spur to -1.5cm long. Other sepals -1cm long, 5-7mm broad. The lateral 2 sepals rounded at the apex and with a greenish-white spot in the center. The lower 2 and uppermost sepal acute at the apices and with a green spot at the apex. All sepals tomentoulose externally, glabrous internally.
Flowering - July - August.
Habitat - Limestone or cherty limestone north and/or west-facing wooded slopes along the Current and Jack's Fork Rivers.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking plant has currently only been found in two southern Missouri counties. The plant is locally abundant where it is found, however. This species is the tallest of the genus in Missouri and certainly deserves a place in cultivation.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Ranunculaceae
Stems - Single from a small woody caudex, erect, herbaceous, terete, Variously pubescent but typically with appressed retrorse pubescence, typically simple but vigorous plant will branch, to +1m tall.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, short petiolate to sessile above. Petioles to +/-15cm long, pubescent, flattened adaxially. Blades palmately divided (the main divisions divided again), to +/-9cm long and broad, pubescent. Divisions of the lowest leaves to 5mm broad. Divisions of the upper leaves linear, subacute to acute.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate raceme to +30cm long. Each flower subtended by at least a small subulate bract. Lower flowers with foliaceous bracts. Pedicels to 1.5cm long, typically densely retrorse pubescent. Each flower with a pair of opposite bracts at the base. Bracts subulate-linear, to 6mm long, 1mm broad, erect.
Flowers - Petals 5, variously shaped, blue to white. 3 petals forming the spur of the corolla. Lateral petals bearded, deeply notched. Lateral spur petals with cylindric bases for holding nectar. Central spur petal linear and thin. Stamens many, surrounding the pistils. Filaments glabrous, greenish-white, compressed, to 6mm long, some curled, others straight. Anthers olive-greenish brown, 1.8-2mm long. Pistils 3, lanate, 5mm long in flower, tapering to the apex and a short glabrous style and stigma (to 1mm long). Sepals 5, violet blue to white, free, to 1cm long, 6-7mm broad, mostly rounded at the apex, glabrous internally, pubescent externally. Spur sepal to 2cm long, rugose.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Limestone glades, prairies, and rocky woods, roadsides, railroads in prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species an be found throughout much of Missouri but is most abundant in the Ozark region of the state. The brilliant blue flowers are easy to spot growing on glades and along rocky roadsides.
This species and another, D. virescens Nutt., are now considered to be the same species or, at most, subspecies of D. carolinianum. Where the two plants overlap in the wild, they integrade. The resulting plants have light blue flowers as shown below:
Stems - Single from a small woody caudex, erect, herbaceous, terete, Variously pubescent but typically with appressed retrorse pubescence, typically simple but vigorous plant will branch, to +1m tall.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, short petiolate to sessile above. Petioles to +/-15cm long, pubescent, flattened adaxially. Blades palmately divided (the main divisions divided again), to +/-9cm long and broad, pubescent. Divisions of the lowest leaves to 5mm broad. Divisions of the upper leaves linear, subacute to acute.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate raceme to +30cm long. Each flower subtended by at least a small subulate bract. Lower flowers with foliaceous bracts. Pedicels to 1.5cm long, typically densely retrorse pubescent. Each flower with a pair of opposite bracts at the base. Bracts subulate-linear, to 6mm long, 1mm broad, erect.
Flowers - Petals 5, variously shaped, blue to white. 3 petals forming the spur of the corolla. Lateral petals bearded, deeply notched. Lateral spur petals with cylindric bases for holding nectar. Central spur petal linear and thin. Stamens many, surrounding the pistils. Filaments glabrous, greenish-white, compressed, to 6mm long, some curled, others straight. Anthers olive-greenish brown, 1.8-2mm long. Pistils 3, lanate, 5mm long in flower, tapering to the apex and a short glabrous style and stigma (to 1mm long). Sepals 5, violet blue to white, free, to 1cm long, 6-7mm broad, mostly rounded at the apex, glabrous internally, pubescent externally. Spur sepal to 2cm long, rugose.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Limestone glades, prairies, and rocky woods, roadsides, railroads in prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species an be found throughout much of Missouri but is most abundant in the Ozark region of the state. The brilliant blue flowers are easy to spot growing on glades and along rocky roadsides.
This species and another, D. virescens Nutt., are now considered to be the same species or, at most, subspecies of D. carolinianum. Where the two plants overlap in the wild, they integrade. The resulting plants have light blue flowers as shown below:
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Ranunculaceae
Stems - To +1m tall, erect to somewhat reclining with age, glabrous to puberulent or glandular(especially above), herbaceous, branching above, from taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below to sessile above, with 3-5 deeply divided lobes, typically pubescent. Ultimate divisions linear to linear-oblong, entire (ciliate-margined), to 2.5mm broad. Petioles to 9cm below.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal racemes to +10cm in flower. Each flower subtended by a pubescent linear bract to 9mm long. Pedicels to 7mm long, thick, expanded at apex, with pair of subopposite linear bracts to 3mm long, dense puberulent.
Flowers - Sepals deep blue-purple,(sometimes whitish to pinkish or mottled in cultivation), the most showy portion of the flower, spurred. Spur to -2cm long, dense pubescent. Petals 4, united, covering other floral organs(stamens and carpel), spurred. Stamens many, included. Filaments white, sparse pubescent, 5-6mm long, expanded at base. Anthers yellow, 1.1mm long. Ovary dense pubescent, 3-4mm long, conic.
Fruit - A follicle to 2cm long, one per flower, variously pubescent. (All other native members of the genus have 3 follicles per flower).
Flowering - July - August.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This is an occasional garden annual which is probably not much escaped in the state. The flowers come in a variety of other colors, some of which are shown below:
Stems - To +1m tall, erect to somewhat reclining with age, glabrous to puberulent or glandular(especially above), herbaceous, branching above, from taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below to sessile above, with 3-5 deeply divided lobes, typically pubescent. Ultimate divisions linear to linear-oblong, entire (ciliate-margined), to 2.5mm broad. Petioles to 9cm below.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal racemes to +10cm in flower. Each flower subtended by a pubescent linear bract to 9mm long. Pedicels to 7mm long, thick, expanded at apex, with pair of subopposite linear bracts to 3mm long, dense puberulent.
Flowers - Sepals deep blue-purple,(sometimes whitish to pinkish or mottled in cultivation), the most showy portion of the flower, spurred. Spur to -2cm long, dense pubescent. Petals 4, united, covering other floral organs(stamens and carpel), spurred. Stamens many, included. Filaments white, sparse pubescent, 5-6mm long, expanded at base. Anthers yellow, 1.1mm long. Ovary dense pubescent, 3-4mm long, conic.
Fruit - A follicle to 2cm long, one per flower, variously pubescent. (All other native members of the genus have 3 follicles per flower).
Flowering - July - August.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This is an occasional garden annual which is probably not much escaped in the state. The flowers come in a variety of other colors, some of which are shown below:
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Boraginaceae
Stems - To .75m tall, from thick taproot, herbaceous, erect, simple, hirsute, subfistulose.
Leaves - Alternate. Basal and lowest cauline leaves petiolate, spatulate, to +25cm long, densely pubescent, entire, scabrous. Upper cauline leaves sessile, clasping, densely pubescent, lanceolate to linear-oblong, to 10cm long, +3cm broad, reduced above, entire, blunt to rounded or subacute at apex.
Inflorescence - Terminal loose cymes(typically paired) in a scorpoid arrangement, indeterminate. Peduncles hirsute. Pedicels to -1cm, hirsute.
Flowers - Corolla tubular, funnelform, 5-lobed, to -1cm broad at apex. Tube to 2mm long. Lobes to 3mm long, 2.5mm broad, pale blue. Stamens 5, alternating with corolla lobes, adnate to corolla tube, mostly included. Anthers -1mm long. Ovary of 4 nutlets which appear attached at base. Style to 1.1mm long, arising from between nutlets (nutlets to +5mm long in fruit). Calyx deeply 5-lobed. Lobes to 4mm long, 2.5mm broad, oblong, densely pubescent.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Rich rocky woods, slopes, ravines, ridges, thickets, bottoms.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found mostly in the southern and eastern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to identify in the field because of its big basal leaves, hirsute stems, and pale blue flowers.
Medicinally the plant was used by natives to treat a host of ailments. Cancer, gonorrhea, and genital itching were all thought to be helped by drinking a tea made from the roots of the plant. In more recent times the leaves were smoked like tobacco.
Stems - To .75m tall, from thick taproot, herbaceous, erect, simple, hirsute, subfistulose.
Leaves - Alternate. Basal and lowest cauline leaves petiolate, spatulate, to +25cm long, densely pubescent, entire, scabrous. Upper cauline leaves sessile, clasping, densely pubescent, lanceolate to linear-oblong, to 10cm long, +3cm broad, reduced above, entire, blunt to rounded or subacute at apex.
Inflorescence - Terminal loose cymes(typically paired) in a scorpoid arrangement, indeterminate. Peduncles hirsute. Pedicels to -1cm, hirsute.
Flowers - Corolla tubular, funnelform, 5-lobed, to -1cm broad at apex. Tube to 2mm long. Lobes to 3mm long, 2.5mm broad, pale blue. Stamens 5, alternating with corolla lobes, adnate to corolla tube, mostly included. Anthers -1mm long. Ovary of 4 nutlets which appear attached at base. Style to 1.1mm long, arising from between nutlets (nutlets to +5mm long in fruit). Calyx deeply 5-lobed. Lobes to 4mm long, 2.5mm broad, oblong, densely pubescent.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Rich rocky woods, slopes, ravines, ridges, thickets, bottoms.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found mostly in the southern and eastern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to identify in the field because of its big basal leaves, hirsute stems, and pale blue flowers.
Medicinally the plant was used by natives to treat a host of ailments. Cancer, gonorrhea, and genital itching were all thought to be helped by drinking a tea made from the roots of the plant. In more recent times the leaves were smoked like tobacco.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Commelinaceae
Stems - Erect to ascending, herbaceous, multiple from base, from thick roots, glabrous to sparse pubescent near apex, often with reddish-purple striations, branching, to -1m long.
Leaves - Alternate, sheathing, lanceolate to lance-oblong, attenuate, entire, undulate or not, glabrous, to +11cm long, to +/-2.5cm broad. Margins often reddish. Ocrea scarious-green, with rounded lobes at apex or not. Lobes to 2.5mm long. Margins of the ocrea typically with white cilia.
Inflorescence - Terminal cymes of +/-3 flowers. Cymes subtended (surrounded) by a folded spathe. Spathe margins joined in basal 1/3 to 1/2. Spathe pilose to scabrous because of hispidulous hairs, to 2.5cm long, 2cm broad (when folded), acute.Flowers - Petals 3. 2 upper petals blue, clawed. Claw to 3mm long, white. Limb (sub)orbicular to reniform, to 1.7cm in diameter, glabrous. Lower petal white, reduced, notched at apex, +/-6mm long, 7-8mm broad, often scarious, glabrous. Staminodia 3. All exserted by upper petals. Anthers yellow, 4-lobed. Filaments glabrous, pale yellow to white, to 4mm long. Stamens 3, unequal, one similar to staminodia (and exserted just beyond them), other two more "typical" and exserted by lower petal. Filaments of two "typical" stamens glabrous, to 1.4cm long, lilac, curling inward at apex. Anthers purplish, 2mm long. Style curling at apex, to 5mm long, glabrous, white. Ovary green, 1mm in diameter, 3-locular. Sepals 3, whitish, reduced.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Sand and gravel bars, streambanks, wooded slopes, bluffs, glades, roadside ditches.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is frequent in the lower 1/2 of the state but is found is several more counties scattered throughout our area. The species has the typical flowers of the genus and has erect stems, (hence the species name), which makes it easy to ID in the field.
Steyermark and other authors break the species apart into as many as 3 or more varieties and as many forms. These varieties are determined by leaf width or spathe size. Some integration occurs.
For the origins of the genus name, see C. communis in this same section of this website.
Stems - Erect to ascending, herbaceous, multiple from base, from thick roots, glabrous to sparse pubescent near apex, often with reddish-purple striations, branching, to -1m long.
Leaves - Alternate, sheathing, lanceolate to lance-oblong, attenuate, entire, undulate or not, glabrous, to +11cm long, to +/-2.5cm broad. Margins often reddish. Ocrea scarious-green, with rounded lobes at apex or not. Lobes to 2.5mm long. Margins of the ocrea typically with white cilia.
Inflorescence - Terminal cymes of +/-3 flowers. Cymes subtended (surrounded) by a folded spathe. Spathe margins joined in basal 1/3 to 1/2. Spathe pilose to scabrous because of hispidulous hairs, to 2.5cm long, 2cm broad (when folded), acute.Flowers - Petals 3. 2 upper petals blue, clawed. Claw to 3mm long, white. Limb (sub)orbicular to reniform, to 1.7cm in diameter, glabrous. Lower petal white, reduced, notched at apex, +/-6mm long, 7-8mm broad, often scarious, glabrous. Staminodia 3. All exserted by upper petals. Anthers yellow, 4-lobed. Filaments glabrous, pale yellow to white, to 4mm long. Stamens 3, unequal, one similar to staminodia (and exserted just beyond them), other two more "typical" and exserted by lower petal. Filaments of two "typical" stamens glabrous, to 1.4cm long, lilac, curling inward at apex. Anthers purplish, 2mm long. Style curling at apex, to 5mm long, glabrous, white. Ovary green, 1mm in diameter, 3-locular. Sepals 3, whitish, reduced.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Sand and gravel bars, streambanks, wooded slopes, bluffs, glades, roadside ditches.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is frequent in the lower 1/2 of the state but is found is several more counties scattered throughout our area. The species has the typical flowers of the genus and has erect stems, (hence the species name), which makes it easy to ID in the field.
Steyermark and other authors break the species apart into as many as 3 or more varieties and as many forms. These varieties are determined by leaf width or spathe size. Some integration occurs.
For the origins of the genus name, see C. communis in this same section of this website.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Commelinaceae
Stems - Erect to variously ascending, internodes glabrous, somewhat pubescent and often rooting at nodes, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, entire, typically glabrous to scabrous above, glaucous below, to +10cm long, +3cm wide, lanceolate. Base of blade forming a sheath(ocrea) around stem.
Inflorescence - Axillary flowers emerging from folded bract (spathe). Spathe to 3cm long, green, margins separate all the way to the base.
Flowers - Corolla of 3 petals. Upper two petals blue-purple, to 15mm long. Lower petal white, small, to 5mm long. Fertile stamens 3. Staminodes 3, with false anthers. False anthers yellow with brownish center.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Moist ground in waste places, lawns, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This plant can be found scattered throughout Missouri. Although there are native species in the state, this introduced plant is the most common member of the genus in Missouri. The genus name is in commemoration of two Dutch botanists, Jan and Kaspar Commelin, who had a brother who died at an early age and contributed nothing to botany. The three petals of the flower represent these three brothers.
Stems - Erect to variously ascending, internodes glabrous, somewhat pubescent and often rooting at nodes, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, entire, typically glabrous to scabrous above, glaucous below, to +10cm long, +3cm wide, lanceolate. Base of blade forming a sheath(ocrea) around stem.
Inflorescence - Axillary flowers emerging from folded bract (spathe). Spathe to 3cm long, green, margins separate all the way to the base.
Flowers - Corolla of 3 petals. Upper two petals blue-purple, to 15mm long. Lower petal white, small, to 5mm long. Fertile stamens 3. Staminodes 3, with false anthers. False anthers yellow with brownish center.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Moist ground in waste places, lawns, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This plant can be found scattered throughout Missouri. Although there are native species in the state, this introduced plant is the most common member of the genus in Missouri. The genus name is in commemoration of two Dutch botanists, Jan and Kaspar Commelin, who had a brother who died at an early age and contributed nothing to botany. The three petals of the flower represent these three brothers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - Herbaceous, erect to reclining or vining, green, puberulent and very sparse pilose, to 60cm long, from a big taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, stipulate, petiolate. Stipules to 5mm long, 2mm broad, subulate-ovate, acute, spreading, sparse ciliate-margined. Swollen portion at base of petiole to 2.1mm long. Petiole pubescent as stem. Stiples needlelike, 2mm long. Petiolules of terminal leaflet to 2.5mm long, pubescent as the stem. Leaflets lance-ovate, to 7cm long, 3cm broad, deep green adaxially, bluish-green below, mucronate, very sparse pubescent.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers. Pedicel jointed in upper 2/3, with a pair of opposing bracts at joint. Bracts to 4.5mm long, 1.5mm broad, green, glabrous. Pedicel minutely pubescent(sparse), to 8mm long in flower.
Flowers - Corolla resupinate, papilionaceous. The standard lilac internally with a pale yellow splotch near the apex and purple spotting basally in the center, notched at apex, to -5cm long, -4cm broad, glabrous, pale lilac to whitish externally. Wing petals purplish(lilac) at apex, +/-4cm long, apically connate and adnate to the keel petals. Keel petals clawed and white. Stamens diadelphous, the tube white and glabrous, to 3cm long. Ovary stalked. Stalk to 6mm long, green, tomentoulose. Ovary slightly compressed, 8mm long, tomentoulose. Style white, upcurved, to 1.5cm long, flattened, with a beard of hairs adaxially.
Calyx bilabiate, the upper lip single-lobed. The lobe notched at the apex creating two shallow lobes, the lobes acute and 4mm long. The lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes triangular, acuminate, entire, to +/-7mm long. The central lobe less broad than the lateral lobes. all the lobes ciliate-margined. Calyx tube cylindric, green, to 1.5cm long, 7-8mm in diameter, glabrous internally, with a few sparse hairs externally but mostly glabrous. Calyx subtended by a pair of opposite bracts. Bracts to 4.5mm long, 1.5mm broad, green, glabrous.
Fruit to +/-4cm long, slightly compressed, glabrous, beaked, with a stalk to +1cm long.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Upland rocky woods with acid soils, sandstone glades, ravines, ridges, stream openings.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This popular and striking species can be found in the southern 1/4 of Missouri. The flowers of this species are quite large. The plant is commonly called "Butterfly Pea" not because it is a good butterfly attracting species but because of its big flowers which are butterfly-shaped (papilionaceous).
This species would make a good ornamental but does not transplant well and is "picky" about where it will grow.
Stems - Herbaceous, erect to reclining or vining, green, puberulent and very sparse pilose, to 60cm long, from a big taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, stipulate, petiolate. Stipules to 5mm long, 2mm broad, subulate-ovate, acute, spreading, sparse ciliate-margined. Swollen portion at base of petiole to 2.1mm long. Petiole pubescent as stem. Stiples needlelike, 2mm long. Petiolules of terminal leaflet to 2.5mm long, pubescent as the stem. Leaflets lance-ovate, to 7cm long, 3cm broad, deep green adaxially, bluish-green below, mucronate, very sparse pubescent.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers. Pedicel jointed in upper 2/3, with a pair of opposing bracts at joint. Bracts to 4.5mm long, 1.5mm broad, green, glabrous. Pedicel minutely pubescent(sparse), to 8mm long in flower.
Flowers - Corolla resupinate, papilionaceous. The standard lilac internally with a pale yellow splotch near the apex and purple spotting basally in the center, notched at apex, to -5cm long, -4cm broad, glabrous, pale lilac to whitish externally. Wing petals purplish(lilac) at apex, +/-4cm long, apically connate and adnate to the keel petals. Keel petals clawed and white. Stamens diadelphous, the tube white and glabrous, to 3cm long. Ovary stalked. Stalk to 6mm long, green, tomentoulose. Ovary slightly compressed, 8mm long, tomentoulose. Style white, upcurved, to 1.5cm long, flattened, with a beard of hairs adaxially.
Calyx bilabiate, the upper lip single-lobed. The lobe notched at the apex creating two shallow lobes, the lobes acute and 4mm long. The lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes triangular, acuminate, entire, to +/-7mm long. The central lobe less broad than the lateral lobes. all the lobes ciliate-margined. Calyx tube cylindric, green, to 1.5cm long, 7-8mm in diameter, glabrous internally, with a few sparse hairs externally but mostly glabrous. Calyx subtended by a pair of opposite bracts. Bracts to 4.5mm long, 1.5mm broad, green, glabrous.
Fruit to +/-4cm long, slightly compressed, glabrous, beaked, with a stalk to +1cm long.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Upland rocky woods with acid soils, sandstone glades, ravines, ridges, stream openings.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This popular and striking species can be found in the southern 1/4 of Missouri. The flowers of this species are quite large. The plant is commonly called "Butterfly Pea" not because it is a good butterfly attracting species but because of its big flowers which are butterfly-shaped (papilionaceous).
This species would make a good ornamental but does not transplant well and is "picky" about where it will grow.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To 1.5m tall, glabrous to sparsely strigose and scabrous, herbaceous, branching, erect, with milky sap, from a massive taproot.
Leaves - Alternate. Basal leaves lyrate pinnatifid, resembling those of the genus Taraxacum, to +30cm long, +6cm wide, dentate, pubescent above and below, hirsute on midrib below. Cauline leaves lanceolate to linear, clasping, entire, much reduced.
Inflorescence - Typically 1-3 axillary flowers in upper portion of stems. Some flowers terminal. Lower flowers with reduced leaf(bract) subtending. Upper flowers with no bract or bract reduced and scalelike.
Involucre - Outer phyllaries 5-6mm long, acute, glabrous, +/-2mm broad, bulbous at base, green. Inner phyllaries to 1.1cm long, 2mm broad, linear, acute, typically with scarious margins and lacerate at apex, green.
Ray flowers - Ligule blue to lilac, 5-toothed at apex, to -2cm long, 5-6mm broad, pubescent externally. Flowers fertile. Anthers blue, 4mm long, connate around style. Style blue above, white below, bifurcate. Stigma blue. Achenes -2mm long in flower. Pappus of short scales. Receptacle flat.
Disc flowers - Absent.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Roadsides, railroads, disturbed sites, waste ground. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - Chicory is an extremely common roadside weed. It is probably the most easily recognizable plant in the state because of its big blue flowers and roadside habitat. During the hot summer months the flowers only stay open a short time in the morning. As the days cool the flowers stay open nearly all day.
The plant shown above is form intybus, having the typical blue corolla. Form album Neum. has white corollas. A third form, form roseum Neum., has rose-colored corollas, but this plant is not yet spontaneous in this state.
Stems - To 1.5m tall, glabrous to sparsely strigose and scabrous, herbaceous, branching, erect, with milky sap, from a massive taproot.
Leaves - Alternate. Basal leaves lyrate pinnatifid, resembling those of the genus Taraxacum, to +30cm long, +6cm wide, dentate, pubescent above and below, hirsute on midrib below. Cauline leaves lanceolate to linear, clasping, entire, much reduced.
Inflorescence - Typically 1-3 axillary flowers in upper portion of stems. Some flowers terminal. Lower flowers with reduced leaf(bract) subtending. Upper flowers with no bract or bract reduced and scalelike.
Involucre - Outer phyllaries 5-6mm long, acute, glabrous, +/-2mm broad, bulbous at base, green. Inner phyllaries to 1.1cm long, 2mm broad, linear, acute, typically with scarious margins and lacerate at apex, green.
Ray flowers - Ligule blue to lilac, 5-toothed at apex, to -2cm long, 5-6mm broad, pubescent externally. Flowers fertile. Anthers blue, 4mm long, connate around style. Style blue above, white below, bifurcate. Stigma blue. Achenes -2mm long in flower. Pappus of short scales. Receptacle flat.
Disc flowers - Absent.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Roadsides, railroads, disturbed sites, waste ground. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - Chicory is an extremely common roadside weed. It is probably the most easily recognizable plant in the state because of its big blue flowers and roadside habitat. During the hot summer months the flowers only stay open a short time in the morning. As the days cool the flowers stay open nearly all day.
The plant shown above is form intybus, having the typical blue corolla. Form album Neum. has white corollas. A third form, form roseum Neum., has rose-colored corollas, but this plant is not yet spontaneous in this state.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To 1m tall, tomentose to arachnoid pubescent, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate. Cauline leaves linear, entire, arachnoid pubescent, to +10cm long, +5mm wide.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating branches.
Involucre - Involucre to 1.5cm tall, imbricate, phyllaries with fimbriate margins.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disc flowers - Corolla typically blue-purple but other colors in cultivated varieties, marginal flowers sterile. inner flowers smaller, fertile. Achenes to 4mm long. Pappus of capillary bristles.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Prairies, waste ground, roadsides, railroads. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This plant is heavily cultivated and escaped to a variety of locations. The disk flowers can be blue-purple, white, or pink. The plant is commonly used in dried flower arrangements.
Stems - To 1m tall, tomentose to arachnoid pubescent, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate. Cauline leaves linear, entire, arachnoid pubescent, to +10cm long, +5mm wide.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating branches.
Involucre - Involucre to 1.5cm tall, imbricate, phyllaries with fimbriate margins.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disc flowers - Corolla typically blue-purple but other colors in cultivated varieties, marginal flowers sterile. inner flowers smaller, fertile. Achenes to 4mm long. Pappus of capillary bristles.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Prairies, waste ground, roadsides, railroads. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This plant is heavily cultivated and escaped to a variety of locations. The disk flowers can be blue-purple, white, or pink. The plant is commonly used in dried flower arrangements.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Family - Campanulaceae
Stems - To 1.5m tall, from creeping rhizomes, glabrous to hispid, simple, herbaceous, often purplish below.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, becoming sessile or very short-petiolate above. Petioles to +/-15cm long, purplish, retrorse pubescent especially at base and apex. Blades of lower leaves cordate, ovate, acute, +6cm long, +/-4cm broad, scabrous below, scabrous above(especially near base). Midrib below strigose and long pubescent. Leaves above reduced, lanceolate-ovate.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme to more than 1/2 the length of plant. Leaves reduced to bracts in inflorescence. Flowers one from each axil. Pedicels to 1cm long in flower, elongating in fruit to +6cm, typically glabrous.
Flowers - Corolla blue-purple, campanulate, 5-lobed. Tube to 1.3cm long, sparse pubescent internally, glabrous externally. Lobes +/-1cm long, spreading, sparsely ciliate-margined, acute, 5mm broad at base. Stamens 5. Filaments abruptly broadened and flattened at base, white, to 4mm long, connivent and pubescent at broadened base. Anthers yellow, curled, 5-6mm long. Style 1.5mm long, exserted. Stigma 3-lobed. Ovary inferior, 3-locular, ovules (seeds) many, placentation axile. Calyx tubular, 5-lobed, campanulate. Tube +/-4mm long and broad(at apex), scabrous. Lobes to 8mm long, 1.6mm broad, spreading to recurving, scabrous.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Open stream banks, around old homesites, also cultivated.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This plant is unmistakable and quite nice to look at. It is, however, introduced and care should be taken not knowingly spread the plant in the wild.
Steyermark lists the plant as C. rapunculoides var. rapunculoides.
Stems - To 1.5m tall, from creeping rhizomes, glabrous to hispid, simple, herbaceous, often purplish below.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, becoming sessile or very short-petiolate above. Petioles to +/-15cm long, purplish, retrorse pubescent especially at base and apex. Blades of lower leaves cordate, ovate, acute, +6cm long, +/-4cm broad, scabrous below, scabrous above(especially near base). Midrib below strigose and long pubescent. Leaves above reduced, lanceolate-ovate.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme to more than 1/2 the length of plant. Leaves reduced to bracts in inflorescence. Flowers one from each axil. Pedicels to 1cm long in flower, elongating in fruit to +6cm, typically glabrous.
Flowers - Corolla blue-purple, campanulate, 5-lobed. Tube to 1.3cm long, sparse pubescent internally, glabrous externally. Lobes +/-1cm long, spreading, sparsely ciliate-margined, acute, 5mm broad at base. Stamens 5. Filaments abruptly broadened and flattened at base, white, to 4mm long, connivent and pubescent at broadened base. Anthers yellow, curled, 5-6mm long. Style 1.5mm long, exserted. Stigma 3-lobed. Ovary inferior, 3-locular, ovules (seeds) many, placentation axile. Calyx tubular, 5-lobed, campanulate. Tube +/-4mm long and broad(at apex), scabrous. Lobes to 8mm long, 1.6mm broad, spreading to recurving, scabrous.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Open stream banks, around old homesites, also cultivated.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This plant is unmistakable and quite nice to look at. It is, however, introduced and care should be taken not knowingly spread the plant in the wild.
Steyermark lists the plant as C. rapunculoides var. rapunculoides.
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