文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +80cm tall, herbaceous, glabrous(or very sparsely pubescent), simple, single or multiple from the base.
Leaves - Alternate, grass-like, to 2cm broad, 30cm long, reduced upward, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent, sessile.
Inflorescence - A terminal spike to 30cm tall (long). At least lowest flower heads subtended by a small foliaceous bract. Heads fairly dense.
Involucre - To 1cm broad, +1cm tall. Phyllaries appressed, with scarious margins, tips rounded.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Typically 3-18 flowers per head. Corolla tubular, rose to purple, glabrous internally. Pappus of capillary bristles.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Meadows, slopes. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to Eastern U.S.
Other info. - This species is not native to Missouri but is often cultivated here and escaped.
The non-flowering plants greatly resemble grass clumps. The spikes of L. spicata slightly resemble those of L. pycnostachya but L. spicata has phyllaries which are appressed and obtuse instead of recurving and acuminate.
L. lancifolia (Greene) Kittell. is a very similar plant and the two may be synonymous with each other.
Stems - To +80cm tall, herbaceous, glabrous(or very sparsely pubescent), simple, single or multiple from the base.
Leaves - Alternate, grass-like, to 2cm broad, 30cm long, reduced upward, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent, sessile.
Inflorescence - A terminal spike to 30cm tall (long). At least lowest flower heads subtended by a small foliaceous bract. Heads fairly dense.
Involucre - To 1cm broad, +1cm tall. Phyllaries appressed, with scarious margins, tips rounded.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Typically 3-18 flowers per head. Corolla tubular, rose to purple, glabrous internally. Pappus of capillary bristles.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Meadows, slopes. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to Eastern U.S.
Other info. - This species is not native to Missouri but is often cultivated here and escaped.
The non-flowering plants greatly resemble grass clumps. The spikes of L. spicata slightly resemble those of L. pycnostachya but L. spicata has phyllaries which are appressed and obtuse instead of recurving and acuminate.
L. lancifolia (Greene) Kittell. is a very similar plant and the two may be synonymous with each other.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To -2m tall, glabrous to hirsute (at least above), erect, typically simple, striate to carinate, from thick roots herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, dense, linear, entire, punctate, +/-5mm wide, to +20cm long, reduced upward, sessile, glabrous to pubescent or slightly scabrous, very numerous. Basal leaves to -40cm long.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal spike to 40cm tall. Flower heads sessile, usually subtended by single foliaceous bract. Axis pubescent to hirsute.
Involucre - To 1cm long(tall), 4-5mm in diameter, cylindric. Phyllaries to 7mm long, +/-2.5mm broad, green below fading to red above, mostly glabrous, punctate, with ciliate margins, tips recurved, acuminate. Flower heads with +/-7 flowers.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Corolla tube pink, 5-6mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, erect to spreading, 2mm long, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate about 1/3 to 1/2 way up tube, exserted. Anthers connate around style, 3mm long, brownish-purple. Style exserted, bifurcate. Stigma deep pink. Achenes dense pubescent, 3-sided, 3mm long in flower. Pappus of barbed capillary bristles to 5mm long.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Prairies, meadows, open ground, glades, railroads, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is commonly seen in prairie habitats and along roadsides in the Ozarks. The dense linear leaves and densely flowered spikes are good characteristics for identifying the species.
The form shown above is form pycnostachya. Steyermark lists a second form of the species, form hubrighti, which has white disk flowers. This form is much less common.
All the plants in this genus are gaining popularity in cultivation due to the increased interest in butterfly and native landscape gardening.
Stems - To -2m tall, glabrous to hirsute (at least above), erect, typically simple, striate to carinate, from thick roots herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, dense, linear, entire, punctate, +/-5mm wide, to +20cm long, reduced upward, sessile, glabrous to pubescent or slightly scabrous, very numerous. Basal leaves to -40cm long.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal spike to 40cm tall. Flower heads sessile, usually subtended by single foliaceous bract. Axis pubescent to hirsute.
Involucre - To 1cm long(tall), 4-5mm in diameter, cylindric. Phyllaries to 7mm long, +/-2.5mm broad, green below fading to red above, mostly glabrous, punctate, with ciliate margins, tips recurved, acuminate. Flower heads with +/-7 flowers.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Corolla tube pink, 5-6mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, erect to spreading, 2mm long, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate about 1/3 to 1/2 way up tube, exserted. Anthers connate around style, 3mm long, brownish-purple. Style exserted, bifurcate. Stigma deep pink. Achenes dense pubescent, 3-sided, 3mm long in flower. Pappus of barbed capillary bristles to 5mm long.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Prairies, meadows, open ground, glades, railroads, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is commonly seen in prairie habitats and along roadsides in the Ozarks. The dense linear leaves and densely flowered spikes are good characteristics for identifying the species.
The form shown above is form pycnostachya. Steyermark lists a second form of the species, form hubrighti, which has white disk flowers. This form is much less common.
All the plants in this genus are gaining popularity in cultivation due to the increased interest in butterfly and native landscape gardening.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Single or multiple from base, from a globose corm, erect, herbaceous, simple or branching at the apex, to -1m tall, 4-5mm in diameter, glabrous, light green, somewhat striate from decurrent leaf tissue.
Leaves - Basal leaves in a rosette, petiolate. Entire leaf to 40cm long. Petioles often purplish near the base. Blade linear, entire, deep green, glabrous abaxially, to +/-6mm broad. At least the midrib pubescent adaxially. Cauline leaves sessile, linear, pubescent as the basals, reduced upward, acute or often mucronate (with a minute yellowish-green apex). Upper cauline leaves often ciliate at the base.
Inflorescence - Determinant racemose arrangement of axillary pedunculate flower heads. Stems in inflorescence sparse pilose. Peduncles to +1.5cm long, often with a few bracts subtending the involucre, glabrous or with a few sparse pilose hairs.
Involucre - +/-2cm long, 6-7mm in diameter, cylindrical. Phyllaries imbricate, appressed, green, glabrous (some of the lower with a few cilia on margins), abruptly acuminate to rounded at the apex (the acuminate tip often lighter in color), with scarious margins except at the apex, 5-6mm broad. Uppermost phyllaries often with purplish margins.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - 10-60 per flower head. Corolla glabrous externally, pubescent internally, to 1.6cm long, 5-lobed, pink above, white below. Lobes attenuate, 4-5mm long, 1mm broad, pubescent internally. Stamens 5, adnate about 1/2 way up the corolla tube, mostly included. Filaments thin and translucent, +/-2mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellowish-brown, 3mm long, with scarious apices, weakly connate around the style. Style white, glabrous, deeply bifurcate, well exserted. Stigmas pinkish-purple, pubescent. Achenes (in flower) white, 5-6mm long, densely pubescent, with a dark ring at the apex, angled. Pappus of plumose bristles in a single series. Axis of bristles purplish, to 1cm long.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, prairies, glades, rocky ledges and bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is mainly found in the southeastern half of Missouri. It is a fairly easy species to ID because of its appressed phyllaries, cylindrical involucres, and linear leaves.
Stems - Single or multiple from base, from a globose corm, erect, herbaceous, simple or branching at the apex, to -1m tall, 4-5mm in diameter, glabrous, light green, somewhat striate from decurrent leaf tissue.
Leaves - Basal leaves in a rosette, petiolate. Entire leaf to 40cm long. Petioles often purplish near the base. Blade linear, entire, deep green, glabrous abaxially, to +/-6mm broad. At least the midrib pubescent adaxially. Cauline leaves sessile, linear, pubescent as the basals, reduced upward, acute or often mucronate (with a minute yellowish-green apex). Upper cauline leaves often ciliate at the base.
Inflorescence - Determinant racemose arrangement of axillary pedunculate flower heads. Stems in inflorescence sparse pilose. Peduncles to +1.5cm long, often with a few bracts subtending the involucre, glabrous or with a few sparse pilose hairs.
Involucre - +/-2cm long, 6-7mm in diameter, cylindrical. Phyllaries imbricate, appressed, green, glabrous (some of the lower with a few cilia on margins), abruptly acuminate to rounded at the apex (the acuminate tip often lighter in color), with scarious margins except at the apex, 5-6mm broad. Uppermost phyllaries often with purplish margins.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - 10-60 per flower head. Corolla glabrous externally, pubescent internally, to 1.6cm long, 5-lobed, pink above, white below. Lobes attenuate, 4-5mm long, 1mm broad, pubescent internally. Stamens 5, adnate about 1/2 way up the corolla tube, mostly included. Filaments thin and translucent, +/-2mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellowish-brown, 3mm long, with scarious apices, weakly connate around the style. Style white, glabrous, deeply bifurcate, well exserted. Stigmas pinkish-purple, pubescent. Achenes (in flower) white, 5-6mm long, densely pubescent, with a dark ring at the apex, angled. Pappus of plumose bristles in a single series. Axis of bristles purplish, to 1cm long.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, prairies, glades, rocky ledges and bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is mainly found in the southeastern half of Missouri. It is a fairly easy species to ID because of its appressed phyllaries, cylindrical involucres, and linear leaves.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +1m tall, herbaceous, erect, simple. terete, single or double from a large corm, antrorse strigose, glabrescent at the base, typically about 3-4mm in diameter, ribbed.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, sessile above. Basal leaves long-petiolate. Petioles to 10cm long, mostly glabrous, with a square adaxial groove near the base of the leaf blade. Leaf blades linear-elliptic, to +15cm long, 2-3cm broad, entire, sparse pubescent, with many minute punctations, acute, tapering at the base down the petiole. Cauline leaves greatly reduced towards the apex of the plant, linear, entire, pubescent, 2-6mm broad, 2-9cm long. All leaves with a single midrib.
Inflorescence - Determinate terminal spike to +35cm long. Flower heads sessile, each head typically subtended by one reduced leaf (bract).
Involucre - To 1.5cm long (tall), +1cm in diameter, cylindrical. Phyllaries with scarious margins and a green middle portion, glabrous internally and externally, punctate in the green portion externally, 6-10mm long, to 5mm broad, broadest above the middle, spreading in the apical 1/2 or 2/3, becoming purple in strong sun. The scarious margins deflexed, erose.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Flowers +/-30 per head. Corolla tube 5-7mm long, glabrous externally, pubescent at the base internally, whitish at the base, pinkish near the apex, expanding toward the apex, 5-lobed. Lobes purplish-pink, acute, spreading, 2-2.5mm long, 1mm broad. Stamens 5, adnate near the basal 1/3 of the corolla tube. Filaments white, pubescent, 1-1.4mm long, compressed. Anthers brownish, connate around the style, 3-4mm long, partially exserted. Style white in lower 1/3, purple in apical 2/3, glabrous, divided for the apical 2/3, to 1.3cm long. Stigmas spreading. Achenes white in flower, 3mm long, densely antrorse pubescent. Pappus of many capillary bristles. Bristles barbellate, 6-8mm long, white with purple apices.
Flowering - August to November.
Habitat - Dry areas of prairies, glades, meadows, open woods, roadsides, railroads. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a very popular species of Liatris. The plant is frequent in the habitats mentioned above and is becoming quite popular in cultivation. This is also an easy species to identify in the field because of its distinct phyllaries. No other species in Missouri has the spreading, scarious-margined phyllaries of L. aspera.
Steyermark lists two forms for the species. Form aspera, shown above, has pink to rose disk flowers. Form benkei has white disk flowers and is much less common.
A synonym for the plant is L. scariosa Willd. - Gates
Stems - To +1m tall, herbaceous, erect, simple. terete, single or double from a large corm, antrorse strigose, glabrescent at the base, typically about 3-4mm in diameter, ribbed.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, sessile above. Basal leaves long-petiolate. Petioles to 10cm long, mostly glabrous, with a square adaxial groove near the base of the leaf blade. Leaf blades linear-elliptic, to +15cm long, 2-3cm broad, entire, sparse pubescent, with many minute punctations, acute, tapering at the base down the petiole. Cauline leaves greatly reduced towards the apex of the plant, linear, entire, pubescent, 2-6mm broad, 2-9cm long. All leaves with a single midrib.
Inflorescence - Determinate terminal spike to +35cm long. Flower heads sessile, each head typically subtended by one reduced leaf (bract).
Involucre - To 1.5cm long (tall), +1cm in diameter, cylindrical. Phyllaries with scarious margins and a green middle portion, glabrous internally and externally, punctate in the green portion externally, 6-10mm long, to 5mm broad, broadest above the middle, spreading in the apical 1/2 or 2/3, becoming purple in strong sun. The scarious margins deflexed, erose.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Flowers +/-30 per head. Corolla tube 5-7mm long, glabrous externally, pubescent at the base internally, whitish at the base, pinkish near the apex, expanding toward the apex, 5-lobed. Lobes purplish-pink, acute, spreading, 2-2.5mm long, 1mm broad. Stamens 5, adnate near the basal 1/3 of the corolla tube. Filaments white, pubescent, 1-1.4mm long, compressed. Anthers brownish, connate around the style, 3-4mm long, partially exserted. Style white in lower 1/3, purple in apical 2/3, glabrous, divided for the apical 2/3, to 1.3cm long. Stigmas spreading. Achenes white in flower, 3mm long, densely antrorse pubescent. Pappus of many capillary bristles. Bristles barbellate, 6-8mm long, white with purple apices.
Flowering - August to November.
Habitat - Dry areas of prairies, glades, meadows, open woods, roadsides, railroads. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a very popular species of Liatris. The plant is frequent in the habitats mentioned above and is becoming quite popular in cultivation. This is also an easy species to identify in the field because of its distinct phyllaries. No other species in Missouri has the spreading, scarious-margined phyllaries of L. aspera.
Steyermark lists two forms for the species. Form aspera, shown above, has pink to rose disk flowers. Form benkei has white disk flowers and is much less common.
A synonym for the plant is L. scariosa Willd. - Gates
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - To 1m tall, herbaceous, erect, terete, from a woody caudex, glabrescent at the base, weakly striate, antrorse appressed pubescent apically (the pubescence more dense on the striations), mostly simple but laterally branching at anthesis.
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, petiolate, trifoliolate. Stipules needle-like, reddish-brown, 4-5mm long, antrorse appressed pubescent. Swollen portion at the base of the petioles to 1.2mm long. Petioles and rachis antrorse appressed pubescent. Leaflets linear-oblong to linear-elliptic, +3 times longer than broad, entire, mucronate, with a single midrib, to +/-4cm long, +/-1cm broad, dull green adaxially, silvery-green abaxially, entirely antrorse appressed pubescent above and below.
Inflorescence - Axillary compact panicles to +/-1.5cm long. Each division of the inflorescence subtended by pair of needle-like bracts resembling the stipules of the leaves. Pedicels to 1.5mm long, antrorse pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous, pinkish to purplish or sometimes whitish. Standard to 4mm broad, with darker purple splotches at the base. Keels connate basally and adnate to the wing petals basally, glabrous. Stamens diadelphous, white, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .1mm long. Ovary green, pubescent. Style upcurved at the apex, pubescent, to 3mm long in flower. Calyx green, weakly bilabiate, antrorse appressed pubescent. Tube to 1.1mm long. Upper lip 2-lobed. Lower lip 3-lobed. All lobes triangular-attenuate, longest to 1.2mm long.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Rocky and dry open woods, gravel stream banks, thickets, prairies, bluffs, glades, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This common species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant and its seeds are eaten by a variety of wildlife and livestock. It can be identified by its leaves, which are 3 times longer than broad and pubescent on both surfaces, and its compact flowering clusters. Another species, L. intermedia (S. Wats.) Britt., can be very similar but has leaves which are either glabrous or, more commonly, only pubescent on the midrib and the leaf tissue within 1-2mm of the midrib. L. intermedia grows south of the Missouri River but can be found growing right next to L. virginica where the two plants overlap in range.
Stems - To 1m tall, herbaceous, erect, terete, from a woody caudex, glabrescent at the base, weakly striate, antrorse appressed pubescent apically (the pubescence more dense on the striations), mostly simple but laterally branching at anthesis.
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, petiolate, trifoliolate. Stipules needle-like, reddish-brown, 4-5mm long, antrorse appressed pubescent. Swollen portion at the base of the petioles to 1.2mm long. Petioles and rachis antrorse appressed pubescent. Leaflets linear-oblong to linear-elliptic, +3 times longer than broad, entire, mucronate, with a single midrib, to +/-4cm long, +/-1cm broad, dull green adaxially, silvery-green abaxially, entirely antrorse appressed pubescent above and below.
Inflorescence - Axillary compact panicles to +/-1.5cm long. Each division of the inflorescence subtended by pair of needle-like bracts resembling the stipules of the leaves. Pedicels to 1.5mm long, antrorse pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous, pinkish to purplish or sometimes whitish. Standard to 4mm broad, with darker purple splotches at the base. Keels connate basally and adnate to the wing petals basally, glabrous. Stamens diadelphous, white, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .1mm long. Ovary green, pubescent. Style upcurved at the apex, pubescent, to 3mm long in flower. Calyx green, weakly bilabiate, antrorse appressed pubescent. Tube to 1.1mm long. Upper lip 2-lobed. Lower lip 3-lobed. All lobes triangular-attenuate, longest to 1.2mm long.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Rocky and dry open woods, gravel stream banks, thickets, prairies, bluffs, glades, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This common species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant and its seeds are eaten by a variety of wildlife and livestock. It can be identified by its leaves, which are 3 times longer than broad and pubescent on both surfaces, and its compact flowering clusters. Another species, L. intermedia (S. Wats.) Britt., can be very similar but has leaves which are either glabrous or, more commonly, only pubescent on the midrib and the leaf tissue within 1-2mm of the midrib. L. intermedia grows south of the Missouri River but can be found growing right next to L. virginica where the two plants overlap in range.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - Prostrate, sprawling or erect, to 40cm tall, retrorse pubescent, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, trifoliolate. Leaflets with obvious striate venation, minutely toothed or entire, glabrous or minutely pubescent, ovate to oblong, to 2cm long. Petioles retrorse pubescent, to 3mm long. Stipules equaling or longer than petioles, brown, striate, glabrous.
Inflorescence - 1-5 flowers in axillary racemes.
Flowers - Corolla pink, purple and white, 5-8mm long, papilionaceous. Stamens diadelphous. Calyx tubular, pubescent. Pod to 4mm long, with a single seed.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Fields, pastures, open woods, streambanks, roadsides, railroads, waste ground, disturbed sites. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This plant is a favorite feed amongst "Horse folk" and cattle farmers. It was brought to this country around 1850 and has spread rapidly.
The plant has both conspicuous chasmogamous flowers and diminutive cleistogamous flowers, both of which are fertile.
The flowers are actually quite striking up close but the plant is basically too small to have much ornamental value.
L. striata is very similar to another species, L. stipulacea Maxim., but the latter has antrorse hairs on the stem as opposed to the retrorse hairs of L. striata.
Stems - Prostrate, sprawling or erect, to 40cm tall, retrorse pubescent, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, trifoliolate. Leaflets with obvious striate venation, minutely toothed or entire, glabrous or minutely pubescent, ovate to oblong, to 2cm long. Petioles retrorse pubescent, to 3mm long. Stipules equaling or longer than petioles, brown, striate, glabrous.
Inflorescence - 1-5 flowers in axillary racemes.
Flowers - Corolla pink, purple and white, 5-8mm long, papilionaceous. Stamens diadelphous. Calyx tubular, pubescent. Pod to 4mm long, with a single seed.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Fields, pastures, open woods, streambanks, roadsides, railroads, waste ground, disturbed sites. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This plant is a favorite feed amongst "Horse folk" and cattle farmers. It was brought to this country around 1850 and has spread rapidly.
The plant has both conspicuous chasmogamous flowers and diminutive cleistogamous flowers, both of which are fertile.
The flowers are actually quite striking up close but the plant is basically too small to have much ornamental value.
L. striata is very similar to another species, L. stipulacea Maxim., but the latter has antrorse hairs on the stem as opposed to the retrorse hairs of L. striata.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - Multiple from base, from a taproot, erect to ascending or decumbent, herbaceous, purplish, branching, to 45cm long or tall, antrorse strigose (sometimes only in lines from beneath leaf petiole).
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate, trifoliolate. Stipules membranaceous, tan, drying quickly, ovate-lanceolate, striate-nerved, to +8mm long, 3-4mm broad at base, acuminate, glabrous, mostly entire but often with a few very minute teeth at the apex. Petiole green but with a red base, antrorse strigose, to +/-5mm long. Petiolules to 1mm long, reddish, antrorse pubescent. Leaflets obovate, to 15mm long, 8-9mm broad, mostly entire, truncate to rounded at the apex, mucronate, ciliate-margined, glabrous above, with a few cilia on midrib below, with distinctive striate venation.
Inflorescence - Axillary flowers in crowded lateral branches. Pedicels 1-1.5mm long, green, with a few cilia or not. Calyx subtended by 3 minute bracts. Bracts ovate, greenish-white, entire, 1mm long, .6mm broad.
Flowers - Calyx green, bilabiate. Calyx tube to 2mm long, glabrous. Lower 3 lobes rounded at apex, 1mm long, .8mm broad. Upper lobe 1.1mm long and broad, slightly notched at apex, broadest at the apex. All lobes glabrous.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Dry open woods, waste places, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This little species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is a nasty invasive and should not be willingly spread. L. stipulacea was brought to North America in 1919 as cover crop and fodder for cattle and has spread quickly. Wildlife enjoys eating its small fruits.
L. stipulacea is very much like another species, L. striata (Thunb.) H. & A., but differs in having antrorse hairs on its stems. L. striata has retrorse hairs on its stems.
Stems - Multiple from base, from a taproot, erect to ascending or decumbent, herbaceous, purplish, branching, to 45cm long or tall, antrorse strigose (sometimes only in lines from beneath leaf petiole).
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate, trifoliolate. Stipules membranaceous, tan, drying quickly, ovate-lanceolate, striate-nerved, to +8mm long, 3-4mm broad at base, acuminate, glabrous, mostly entire but often with a few very minute teeth at the apex. Petiole green but with a red base, antrorse strigose, to +/-5mm long. Petiolules to 1mm long, reddish, antrorse pubescent. Leaflets obovate, to 15mm long, 8-9mm broad, mostly entire, truncate to rounded at the apex, mucronate, ciliate-margined, glabrous above, with a few cilia on midrib below, with distinctive striate venation.
Inflorescence - Axillary flowers in crowded lateral branches. Pedicels 1-1.5mm long, green, with a few cilia or not. Calyx subtended by 3 minute bracts. Bracts ovate, greenish-white, entire, 1mm long, .6mm broad.
Flowers - Calyx green, bilabiate. Calyx tube to 2mm long, glabrous. Lower 3 lobes rounded at apex, 1mm long, .8mm broad. Upper lobe 1.1mm long and broad, slightly notched at apex, broadest at the apex. All lobes glabrous.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Dry open woods, waste places, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This little species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is a nasty invasive and should not be willingly spread. L. stipulacea was brought to North America in 1919 as cover crop and fodder for cattle and has spread quickly. Wildlife enjoys eating its small fruits.
L. stipulacea is very much like another species, L. striata (Thunb.) H. & A., but differs in having antrorse hairs on its stems. L. striata has retrorse hairs on its stems.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - To +2m, heavily winged, herbaceous, climbing, glabrous, typically glaucous, from taproot, branching, multiple from base.
Leaves - Alternate, pinnate - with two leaflets. Leaflets to +10cm long, -5cm broad, glabrous, lanceolate to oblong. Petiole winged. Tendril present from between leaflets, branching. Stipules linear to lanceolate, to +2cm long.
Inflorescence - Axillary racemes of 2-20 flowers on long peduncles. Peduncles glabrous. Pedicels to +2cm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Corolla deep pink to white, papilionaceous, to 2.5cm long. Standard very broad, emarginate at apex. Stamens 10, diadelphous. Style flattish, pubescent. Calyx 5-lobed. Calyx tube to 6mm long, 5mm in diameter, glabrous. Lobes unequal, the lowest lobe longer than the others, to 7mm long. All lobes acute to acuminate. Fruits compressed, to +10cm long, 1cm broad, glabrous.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Roadsides, railroads, fencerows, open fields, sometimes cultivated.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This is a common and easily identified species in the state. The winged stems are very obvious and the flowers are very striking. The plant can be seen in profusion along roadsides and fencerows during its blooming season.
The flowers are vary variable in color, especially with the cultivated plants. Here are some color variations:
Stems - To +2m, heavily winged, herbaceous, climbing, glabrous, typically glaucous, from taproot, branching, multiple from base.
Leaves - Alternate, pinnate - with two leaflets. Leaflets to +10cm long, -5cm broad, glabrous, lanceolate to oblong. Petiole winged. Tendril present from between leaflets, branching. Stipules linear to lanceolate, to +2cm long.
Inflorescence - Axillary racemes of 2-20 flowers on long peduncles. Peduncles glabrous. Pedicels to +2cm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Corolla deep pink to white, papilionaceous, to 2.5cm long. Standard very broad, emarginate at apex. Stamens 10, diadelphous. Style flattish, pubescent. Calyx 5-lobed. Calyx tube to 6mm long, 5mm in diameter, glabrous. Lobes unequal, the lowest lobe longer than the others, to 7mm long. All lobes acute to acuminate. Fruits compressed, to +10cm long, 1cm broad, glabrous.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Roadsides, railroads, fencerows, open fields, sometimes cultivated.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This is a common and easily identified species in the state. The winged stems are very obvious and the flowers are very striking. The plant can be seen in profusion along roadsides and fencerows during its blooming season.
The flowers are vary variable in color, especially with the cultivated plants. Here are some color variations:
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Malvaceae
Stems - Multiple from the base, herbaceous but often woody at the base, erect, branching, often rooting at the lowest nodes, glabrous, glaucous, with a reddish tint, terete, from thickened roots.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, hastate. Petiole to +12cm long, glabrous. Blade to +12cm long, +15cm broad at the base, glabrous, serrate. The hastate lobes acuminate to attenuate, crenate to crenate-serrate.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from the upper leaf axils. Peduncles to +3.5cm long, glabrous, with a joint near the middle.
Flowers - Bracts subtending the calyx 11-13, glabrous or with sparse pubescent margins, to 3cm long, 1.9mm broad. Calyx tube to 2cm long, glabrous. Calyx lobes 5, acute to short acuminate, to 1.4cm long, 1.4cn broad at the base. Corolla of 5 petals joined at the base to the staminal column. Petals typically pink (also white) with a wine-red base, to +8cm long, 4-5cm broad, densely pubescent at the base externally, otherwise glabrous. Stamen column to +/-4cm long, glandular pubescent, white. Filaments wine-red to white, 2-2.5mm long, glabrous. Anthers purple-tan, 2mm long. Style white, pubescent at the apex, exserted from the staminal column, 5-lobed at the apex. Stigmas capitate, 2-2.5mm broad.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Wet soils of streams, sloughs, ponds, and ditches.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive species can be found throughout most of Missouri. It appears absent from the northern-most counties of the state and also from many counties in the east-central portion of Missouri. The plant is easy to identify by its halberd leaves and pinkish flowers. The flowers can also (rarely) be white but still have a dark wine-red center.
This native species grows well from seed or cuttings and makes an excellent garden specimen. It is a far superior plant to most cultivated species of the genus.
Stems - Multiple from the base, herbaceous but often woody at the base, erect, branching, often rooting at the lowest nodes, glabrous, glaucous, with a reddish tint, terete, from thickened roots.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, hastate. Petiole to +12cm long, glabrous. Blade to +12cm long, +15cm broad at the base, glabrous, serrate. The hastate lobes acuminate to attenuate, crenate to crenate-serrate.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from the upper leaf axils. Peduncles to +3.5cm long, glabrous, with a joint near the middle.
Flowers - Bracts subtending the calyx 11-13, glabrous or with sparse pubescent margins, to 3cm long, 1.9mm broad. Calyx tube to 2cm long, glabrous. Calyx lobes 5, acute to short acuminate, to 1.4cm long, 1.4cn broad at the base. Corolla of 5 petals joined at the base to the staminal column. Petals typically pink (also white) with a wine-red base, to +8cm long, 4-5cm broad, densely pubescent at the base externally, otherwise glabrous. Stamen column to +/-4cm long, glandular pubescent, white. Filaments wine-red to white, 2-2.5mm long, glabrous. Anthers purple-tan, 2mm long. Style white, pubescent at the apex, exserted from the staminal column, 5-lobed at the apex. Stigmas capitate, 2-2.5mm broad.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Wet soils of streams, sloughs, ponds, and ditches.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive species can be found throughout most of Missouri. It appears absent from the northern-most counties of the state and also from many counties in the east-central portion of Missouri. The plant is easy to identify by its halberd leaves and pinkish flowers. The flowers can also (rarely) be white but still have a dark wine-red center.
This native species grows well from seed or cuttings and makes an excellent garden specimen. It is a far superior plant to most cultivated species of the genus.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Geraniaceae
Stems - Multiple from the base, branching, herbaceous, erect to ascending, from a taproot, reddish at the base, terete, villous and glandular pubescent, to +/-40cm long.
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, petiolate. Stipules oblique, attenuate to ovate, appressed pubescent and ciliate on the margins, to +6mm long. Petioles of the lowest leaves to +7cm long, petioles of the upper leaves much reduced. Petioles villous and glandular pubescent, terete. Blades 5-7 palmately lobed, orbicular, to +4cm in diameter, villosuous above and below, with ciliate margins. Lobes of the blades divided again. Ultimate divisions rounded to subacute, with a small reddish tip. Veins of the blade impressed above, expressed below. Main veins extending to the apex of the leaf and forming the minute tip.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal pedunculate umbels of 2-3 flowers. Peduncles to 2cm long, villous and glandular pubescent. Pedicels to 1.5cm long, villous and glandular pubescent, thickened at the apex for 2-3mm, each pedicel subtended by a small pair of bracts. Bracts reddish, ciliate, acute, 1-2mm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, distinct, 5-6mm long, 4-5mm broad, dark pink, glabrous but with a few cilia at the base, obovate, notched at the apex to about 1/3 of the total length. Stamens +/-10, erect. Filaments to +3mm long, compressed and wrapping around the ovary at the base, whitish at the base, purplish at the apex. Anthers purple, bilobed, -1mm long and broad. Styles 5, united for 1/2 their length basally, villous, purple at the apex, +/-3mm long in flower, accrescent. The apices spreading. Ovary superior, 5-carpellate, glabrous. Carpels raised rugose reticulate. Sepals 5, green, erect, villous and glandular pubescent externally, antrorse appressed pubescent internally, elliptic-oblong, 3-4mm long in flower, +/-2mm broad, entire, acute and with a minute hardened tip to .2mm long, accrescent.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Lawns, grassy open ground, roadsides.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This weedy species is uncommon in Missouri but will almost certainly spread with time. The plant is attractive but can be aggressive if left unchecked. This species can be identified by its glabrous carpels, pinkish flowers (which have deep notches in the petals), pubescent stems, and simply acute sepals.
Stems - Multiple from the base, branching, herbaceous, erect to ascending, from a taproot, reddish at the base, terete, villous and glandular pubescent, to +/-40cm long.
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, petiolate. Stipules oblique, attenuate to ovate, appressed pubescent and ciliate on the margins, to +6mm long. Petioles of the lowest leaves to +7cm long, petioles of the upper leaves much reduced. Petioles villous and glandular pubescent, terete. Blades 5-7 palmately lobed, orbicular, to +4cm in diameter, villosuous above and below, with ciliate margins. Lobes of the blades divided again. Ultimate divisions rounded to subacute, with a small reddish tip. Veins of the blade impressed above, expressed below. Main veins extending to the apex of the leaf and forming the minute tip.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal pedunculate umbels of 2-3 flowers. Peduncles to 2cm long, villous and glandular pubescent. Pedicels to 1.5cm long, villous and glandular pubescent, thickened at the apex for 2-3mm, each pedicel subtended by a small pair of bracts. Bracts reddish, ciliate, acute, 1-2mm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, distinct, 5-6mm long, 4-5mm broad, dark pink, glabrous but with a few cilia at the base, obovate, notched at the apex to about 1/3 of the total length. Stamens +/-10, erect. Filaments to +3mm long, compressed and wrapping around the ovary at the base, whitish at the base, purplish at the apex. Anthers purple, bilobed, -1mm long and broad. Styles 5, united for 1/2 their length basally, villous, purple at the apex, +/-3mm long in flower, accrescent. The apices spreading. Ovary superior, 5-carpellate, glabrous. Carpels raised rugose reticulate. Sepals 5, green, erect, villous and glandular pubescent externally, antrorse appressed pubescent internally, elliptic-oblong, 3-4mm long in flower, +/-2mm broad, entire, acute and with a minute hardened tip to .2mm long, accrescent.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Lawns, grassy open ground, roadsides.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This weedy species is uncommon in Missouri but will almost certainly spread with time. The plant is attractive but can be aggressive if left unchecked. This species can be identified by its glabrous carpels, pinkish flowers (which have deep notches in the petals), pubescent stems, and simply acute sepals.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Geraniaceae
Stems - From a taproot, single or typically multiple from the base, erect to ascending, densely pubescent (the hairs spreading to retrorse), stout, to 50cm tall (long), branching, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate. Stipules acuminate, typically reddish, to +1.5cm long, 3-5mm broad, subulate, greatly reduced upward. Petioles to +/-15cm long, densely pubescent, mostly terete. Blades palmately 5-lobed, as long as broad, 5-7cm broad, pubescent. Veins impressed above, expressed below. Main lobes of the leaves divided again. Ultimate divisions often with a minute reddish tip, linear, 1-3mm broad in the upper leaves, broader on the lowest leaves. Apices of the ultimate divisions of the lowest leaves often rounded to subacute, those of the upper leaves acute.
Inflorescence - Paired axillary flowers. Peduncles to 1-2cm long (in fruit), pubescent as the stem. Pedicels to 1-2cm long (in fruit), erect, glandular pubescent, subtended by ciliate bracts. Bracts subulate, to 5mm long, 1-2mm broad.
Flowers - Petals 5, deep pink to purplish, distinct, emarginate, 3-4mm long, 2mm broad, mostly glabrous but with some glandular pubescence externally and with small tufts of hairs at the base. Stamens 10, erect. Filaments compressed and expanded at the base, ciliate, pink apically, to 2mm long. Anthers purplish-yellow, .7mm broad. Styles 5, deep pink apically (for about 1mm), simple and glandular pubescent. Ovary superior, 5-carpellate, simple and glandular pubescent. Sepals 5, erect, pubescent internally, ciliate-margined, glandular and simple pubescent externally, accrescent, 3mm long in flower, to 8mm long in fruit, 3mm broad, with a 1-2mm long mucro. Carpels becoming black in fruit, to 3mm long, one-seeded. Expanded style tube to -2cm long in fruit, densely glandular pubescent.
Flowering - April - August.
Habitat - Lawns, grassy open ground, roadsides.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This weedy yet showy species is uncommon in Missouri but its range will probably continue to expand with time. This species resembles another, G. carolinianum L., but the former has darker pink to purplish flowers, glandular pubescent fruits, and more finely divided upper leaves.
G. dissectum has a long flowering season and would make a good garden subject.
Stems - From a taproot, single or typically multiple from the base, erect to ascending, densely pubescent (the hairs spreading to retrorse), stout, to 50cm tall (long), branching, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate. Stipules acuminate, typically reddish, to +1.5cm long, 3-5mm broad, subulate, greatly reduced upward. Petioles to +/-15cm long, densely pubescent, mostly terete. Blades palmately 5-lobed, as long as broad, 5-7cm broad, pubescent. Veins impressed above, expressed below. Main lobes of the leaves divided again. Ultimate divisions often with a minute reddish tip, linear, 1-3mm broad in the upper leaves, broader on the lowest leaves. Apices of the ultimate divisions of the lowest leaves often rounded to subacute, those of the upper leaves acute.
Inflorescence - Paired axillary flowers. Peduncles to 1-2cm long (in fruit), pubescent as the stem. Pedicels to 1-2cm long (in fruit), erect, glandular pubescent, subtended by ciliate bracts. Bracts subulate, to 5mm long, 1-2mm broad.
Flowers - Petals 5, deep pink to purplish, distinct, emarginate, 3-4mm long, 2mm broad, mostly glabrous but with some glandular pubescence externally and with small tufts of hairs at the base. Stamens 10, erect. Filaments compressed and expanded at the base, ciliate, pink apically, to 2mm long. Anthers purplish-yellow, .7mm broad. Styles 5, deep pink apically (for about 1mm), simple and glandular pubescent. Ovary superior, 5-carpellate, simple and glandular pubescent. Sepals 5, erect, pubescent internally, ciliate-margined, glandular and simple pubescent externally, accrescent, 3mm long in flower, to 8mm long in fruit, 3mm broad, with a 1-2mm long mucro. Carpels becoming black in fruit, to 3mm long, one-seeded. Expanded style tube to -2cm long in fruit, densely glandular pubescent.
Flowering - April - August.
Habitat - Lawns, grassy open ground, roadsides.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This weedy yet showy species is uncommon in Missouri but its range will probably continue to expand with time. This species resembles another, G. carolinianum L., but the former has darker pink to purplish flowers, glandular pubescent fruits, and more finely divided upper leaves.
G. dissectum has a long flowering season and would make a good garden subject.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Geraniaceae
Stems - From a big taproot, multiple from the base, erect to ascending, herbaceous, often reddish, widely branching, densely glandular and simple pubescent, terete, to +50cm tall (long).
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate. Stipules to 1cm long, subulate, 3mm broad at the base, ciliate at least on one margin, often pinkish. Petioles to +15cm long, terete, pubescent as the stem. Blades palmately 5-lobed, as broad or broader than long, to +/-5cm broad and long, pubescent mostly on the veins abaxially and at the base of the leaf, the adaxial surface sparsely pubescent. Veins of the blade impressed above, expressed below. Lobes of leaf divided again. Ultimate divisions of the leaf often with a minute reddish tip, subacute to acute.
Inflorescence - Paired pedunculate flowers. Peduncle expanding to +5cm long in fruit, densely simple and glandular pubescent. Ciliate subulate bracts subtending the pedicels. Pedicels to 1cm long in fruit, pubescent as the peduncle.
Flowers - Petals 5, distinct, pale pink, slightly emarginate at the apex, glandular externally, glabrous internally, to 3-4mm long, 2mm broad. Stamens 10, erect, surrounding the ovary. Filaments compressed and expanded at the base, green to pinkish, ciliate. Anthers pinkish-yellow, .7mm broad and long. Ovary superior, densely long ciliate (non-glandular), 5-carpellate. Carpels green, ovoid. Styles 5, green, glabrous at the apex, united at the base. Sepals 5, erect, oblong-ovate, with a 1-2mm long mucro, accrescent, +/-5mm long in flower, to 1cm long in fruit, 4-5mm broad (in fruit), ciliate externally (some glandular), very sparse pubescent to glabrous internally. Carpels in fruit to 4mm long, becoming black, densely long ciliate (some glandular), expanded style tube to -2cm long, pubescent and with a few glandular hairs.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Meadows, prairies, fields, pastures, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This weedy yet showy species can be found throughout most of Missouri but is less common in the north-central portion of the state. The plant can be identified by its hairy stems, divided leaves, pinkish flowers, tapered sepals, and non-reticulate fruits. This is the most abundant Geranium in Missouri.
Stems - From a big taproot, multiple from the base, erect to ascending, herbaceous, often reddish, widely branching, densely glandular and simple pubescent, terete, to +50cm tall (long).
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate. Stipules to 1cm long, subulate, 3mm broad at the base, ciliate at least on one margin, often pinkish. Petioles to +15cm long, terete, pubescent as the stem. Blades palmately 5-lobed, as broad or broader than long, to +/-5cm broad and long, pubescent mostly on the veins abaxially and at the base of the leaf, the adaxial surface sparsely pubescent. Veins of the blade impressed above, expressed below. Lobes of leaf divided again. Ultimate divisions of the leaf often with a minute reddish tip, subacute to acute.
Inflorescence - Paired pedunculate flowers. Peduncle expanding to +5cm long in fruit, densely simple and glandular pubescent. Ciliate subulate bracts subtending the pedicels. Pedicels to 1cm long in fruit, pubescent as the peduncle.
Flowers - Petals 5, distinct, pale pink, slightly emarginate at the apex, glandular externally, glabrous internally, to 3-4mm long, 2mm broad. Stamens 10, erect, surrounding the ovary. Filaments compressed and expanded at the base, green to pinkish, ciliate. Anthers pinkish-yellow, .7mm broad and long. Ovary superior, densely long ciliate (non-glandular), 5-carpellate. Carpels green, ovoid. Styles 5, green, glabrous at the apex, united at the base. Sepals 5, erect, oblong-ovate, with a 1-2mm long mucro, accrescent, +/-5mm long in flower, to 1cm long in fruit, 4-5mm broad (in fruit), ciliate externally (some glandular), very sparse pubescent to glabrous internally. Carpels in fruit to 4mm long, becoming black, densely long ciliate (some glandular), expanded style tube to -2cm long, pubescent and with a few glandular hairs.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Meadows, prairies, fields, pastures, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This weedy yet showy species can be found throughout most of Missouri but is less common in the north-central portion of the state. The plant can be identified by its hairy stems, divided leaves, pinkish flowers, tapered sepals, and non-reticulate fruits. This is the most abundant Geranium in Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To .75m, fistulose, ribbed, sparse to densely villous, erect, herbaceous, single or multiple from the base, branching at the apex in the inflorescence, from fleshy fibrous roots.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile. Lowest leaves in a basal rosette, coarse serrate, spatulate, to +10cm long, +3cm broad, rounded to acute at the apex. Cauline leaves clasping, auriculate, serrate, acute, oblong-lanceolate, reduced upward. All leaves typically strigose to villous above and below.
Inflorescence - Bracteate loose cymose arrangement of flower heads terminating the stems. Peduncles strigose and glandular pubescent, hollow just below the receptacle. Flower heads often subtended by one or two phyllary-like bracts.
Involucre - To 6mm tall (long) 7-8mm in diameter. Phyllaries in one or two series, glandular pubescent, green with scarious margins and apices, acute, erose to fimbriate at the apex, 6mm long, 1.5mm broad.
Ray flowers - +100 per flower head, fertile and pistillate. Ligule whitish or (more commonly) pink, to 1cm long, .7mm broad, glabrous, rounded to subacute at the apex. Achene sericeous. Pappus of barbellate capillary bristles to 3mm long, white.
Disk flowers - Disk to 1cm broad. Disk corollas to 3.5mm long, 5-lobed, yellow at the apex, whitish basally, sparse strigose externally. Lobes acute, .5mm long. Stamens 5, adnate near the basal 1/3 of the corolla tube. Anthers connate around the style, partially exserted, yellowish-brown. Style glabrous, bifurcate, yellow at the apex. Achene pubescent. Pappus of barbellate capillary bristles to 3mm long. Receptacle convex to slightly conic.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Disturbed sites, open fields, open woods, moist soil, gravel bars, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species has the most ray flowers of any Erigeron species in Missouri. It is not as common as the weedy E. annuus but can be found scattered throughout the state.
In traditional medicine a tea made from the plant was used as a diuretic and astringent. It was also used to treat kidney stones, diarrhea, and diabetes. Some people have a reaction to handling the plant.
Stems - To .75m, fistulose, ribbed, sparse to densely villous, erect, herbaceous, single or multiple from the base, branching at the apex in the inflorescence, from fleshy fibrous roots.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile. Lowest leaves in a basal rosette, coarse serrate, spatulate, to +10cm long, +3cm broad, rounded to acute at the apex. Cauline leaves clasping, auriculate, serrate, acute, oblong-lanceolate, reduced upward. All leaves typically strigose to villous above and below.
Inflorescence - Bracteate loose cymose arrangement of flower heads terminating the stems. Peduncles strigose and glandular pubescent, hollow just below the receptacle. Flower heads often subtended by one or two phyllary-like bracts.
Involucre - To 6mm tall (long) 7-8mm in diameter. Phyllaries in one or two series, glandular pubescent, green with scarious margins and apices, acute, erose to fimbriate at the apex, 6mm long, 1.5mm broad.
Ray flowers - +100 per flower head, fertile and pistillate. Ligule whitish or (more commonly) pink, to 1cm long, .7mm broad, glabrous, rounded to subacute at the apex. Achene sericeous. Pappus of barbellate capillary bristles to 3mm long, white.
Disk flowers - Disk to 1cm broad. Disk corollas to 3.5mm long, 5-lobed, yellow at the apex, whitish basally, sparse strigose externally. Lobes acute, .5mm long. Stamens 5, adnate near the basal 1/3 of the corolla tube. Anthers connate around the style, partially exserted, yellowish-brown. Style glabrous, bifurcate, yellow at the apex. Achene pubescent. Pappus of barbellate capillary bristles to 3mm long. Receptacle convex to slightly conic.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Disturbed sites, open fields, open woods, moist soil, gravel bars, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species has the most ray flowers of any Erigeron species in Missouri. It is not as common as the weedy E. annuus but can be found scattered throughout the state.
In traditional medicine a tea made from the plant was used as a diuretic and astringent. It was also used to treat kidney stones, diarrhea, and diabetes. Some people have a reaction to handling the plant.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To -2m tall, herbaceous, hirsute to sparsely pubescent, branching.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, 1.5-5 times longer than broad, to +10cm broad, lanceolate to ovate, serrate, very sparsely pubescent to pubescent, reduced towards apex of stem and becoming sessile. Base of blades abrupt to the petiole.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating stem.
Involucre - Imbricate. Phyllaries lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, recurving and merging with receptacle chaff.
Ray flowers - Ligules pinkish-purple, to 8cm long, spreading at first and then slightly reflexed, slightly notched (toothed) at apex.
Disk flowers - Corolla tubular, to 6mm long, deep red to purplish-brown. Achenes to -5mm long. Pappus a small toothed crown. Receptacle conic, with chaff equaling or longer than disk florets.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Open woodland, low woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The genus is actually named for a small, spiny, omnivorous mammal of Europe, Asia and Africa called the "Hedgehog" (Erinaceus sp.). The spines of the hedgehog are reminiscent of the receptacle chaff of the plants.
This is a very popular plant for gardening and for medicinal purposes. It grows well from seed and is found in many commercial seed mixes.
Typical plants have purple ray ligules. Plants with white rays can be found in cultivation and very rarely in the wild.
Stems - To -2m tall, herbaceous, hirsute to sparsely pubescent, branching.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, 1.5-5 times longer than broad, to +10cm broad, lanceolate to ovate, serrate, very sparsely pubescent to pubescent, reduced towards apex of stem and becoming sessile. Base of blades abrupt to the petiole.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating stem.
Involucre - Imbricate. Phyllaries lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, recurving and merging with receptacle chaff.
Ray flowers - Ligules pinkish-purple, to 8cm long, spreading at first and then slightly reflexed, slightly notched (toothed) at apex.
Disk flowers - Corolla tubular, to 6mm long, deep red to purplish-brown. Achenes to -5mm long. Pappus a small toothed crown. Receptacle conic, with chaff equaling or longer than disk florets.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Open woodland, low woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The genus is actually named for a small, spiny, omnivorous mammal of Europe, Asia and Africa called the "Hedgehog" (Erinaceus sp.). The spines of the hedgehog are reminiscent of the receptacle chaff of the plants.
This is a very popular plant for gardening and for medicinal purposes. It grows well from seed and is found in many commercial seed mixes.
Typical plants have purple ray ligules. Plants with white rays can be found in cultivation and very rarely in the wild.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - Typically single from the base, to 1m tall, simple, typically purplish, scabrous because of papillose-hispid hairs, herbaceous, erect, hollow below inflorescence.
Leaves - Mostly basal. Cauline leaves alternate. Basal leaves to +/-30cm long, +/-4cm broad. Blade linear-spatulate, entire, scabrous from papillose-hispid hairs, (the hairs stiff and curled, especially below). Cauline leaves like the basal leaves but reduced, sometimes with very shallow teeth. All leaves with 3 main veins.
Inflorescence - Single, large flower head terminating stem.
Involucre - Phyllaries imbricate, spreading, to 8mm long, 3mm broad, subulate, glabrous internally, hispid externally, solid green in upper 1/2, green striped in lower 1/2.
Ray flowers - Sterile. Achenes 3-sided, glabrous, 4mm long in flower. Ligules pale pink to rose, to +/-5cm long, +/-7mm broad, 3-notched at apex, glabrous except for a few hairs at the base externally.
Disc flowers - Disk to +/-3cm in diameter. Corollas deep purplish-red, glabrous, 5-lobed, to 5mm long. Lobes acute, -2mm long, erect. Stamens 5, adnate to the base of the corolla tube, included. Filaments compressed, (winged), whitish-yellow, +/-2mm long. Anthers dark brown, 2mm long, convergent around the style. Style bifurcate, exserted, glabrous except at apex, brownish red at apex, pale yellow below, +5mm long. Chaff stiff, glabrous, reddish-purple at apex, folded around the disk florets, +1cm long, with a short bristle tip. Receptacle conic.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Drier areas of prairies, glades, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species can be found throughout Missouri except in a few bootheel counties and a few counties in the extreme northeastern corner of the state.
Steyermark lists two forms for the species. The plant shown above is form pallida which has the pinkish-rose ray flowers. Form albida has white ray flowers and is less common.
This genus is used medicinally and some people collect plants from the wild for this purpose. The plant grows fine from seed so there is no need to collect the entire plant, just get some seeds!
Echinacea pallida has recently been divided into two species. Plants which have white pollen are considered E. pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. Plants which have yellow pollen are now considered E. simulata R.L. McGregor
Stems - Typically single from the base, to 1m tall, simple, typically purplish, scabrous because of papillose-hispid hairs, herbaceous, erect, hollow below inflorescence.
Leaves - Mostly basal. Cauline leaves alternate. Basal leaves to +/-30cm long, +/-4cm broad. Blade linear-spatulate, entire, scabrous from papillose-hispid hairs, (the hairs stiff and curled, especially below). Cauline leaves like the basal leaves but reduced, sometimes with very shallow teeth. All leaves with 3 main veins.
Inflorescence - Single, large flower head terminating stem.
Involucre - Phyllaries imbricate, spreading, to 8mm long, 3mm broad, subulate, glabrous internally, hispid externally, solid green in upper 1/2, green striped in lower 1/2.
Ray flowers - Sterile. Achenes 3-sided, glabrous, 4mm long in flower. Ligules pale pink to rose, to +/-5cm long, +/-7mm broad, 3-notched at apex, glabrous except for a few hairs at the base externally.
Disc flowers - Disk to +/-3cm in diameter. Corollas deep purplish-red, glabrous, 5-lobed, to 5mm long. Lobes acute, -2mm long, erect. Stamens 5, adnate to the base of the corolla tube, included. Filaments compressed, (winged), whitish-yellow, +/-2mm long. Anthers dark brown, 2mm long, convergent around the style. Style bifurcate, exserted, glabrous except at apex, brownish red at apex, pale yellow below, +5mm long. Chaff stiff, glabrous, reddish-purple at apex, folded around the disk florets, +1cm long, with a short bristle tip. Receptacle conic.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Drier areas of prairies, glades, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species can be found throughout Missouri except in a few bootheel counties and a few counties in the extreme northeastern corner of the state.
Steyermark lists two forms for the species. The plant shown above is form pallida which has the pinkish-rose ray flowers. Form albida has white ray flowers and is less common.
This genus is used medicinally and some people collect plants from the wild for this purpose. The plant grows fine from seed so there is no need to collect the entire plant, just get some seeds!
Echinacea pallida has recently been divided into two species. Plants which have white pollen are considered E. pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. Plants which have yellow pollen are now considered E. simulata R.L. McGregor
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