文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - Aerial stems to +20cm tall, from short rhizomes, herbaceous, erect, purplish (at least at base), glabrous.
Leaves - Whorled, 3 per plant, sessile, ovate to elliptic, acute to acuminate, glabrous, mottled with silver-green above, to +7cm long, 3.5cm broad, entire.
Inflorescence - Single sessile flower terminating the aerial stem.
Flowers - Petals 3, reddish-maroon (rarely green), lanceolate, attenuate, to +2.5cm long, 8mm broad, glabrous, erect. Stamens 6, +/-1.5cm long. Filaments purple, 2-3mm long. Anthers long, yellow-brown. Styles 3, purple. Ovary superior, 3-6-angled, 3-locular. Placentation axile. Sepals 3, green with reddish margins, lanceolate, to +2.2cm long, glabrous, spreading to erect.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Bottoms, moist slopes, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This fine species can be found mainly in the lower 2/3 of Missouri. The plant is fairly common in the habitats mentioned above.
The plants with green flowers are known as form viridiflorum Beyer and are more rare than the red-flowered form.
The flowers of this species have the slight aroma of dead animal tissue as to attract flies and beetles as pollinators. The plant is edible but should not be picked as most plants in this genus are having a tough time competing with man for living space.
Stems - Aerial stems to +20cm tall, from short rhizomes, herbaceous, erect, purplish (at least at base), glabrous.
Leaves - Whorled, 3 per plant, sessile, ovate to elliptic, acute to acuminate, glabrous, mottled with silver-green above, to +7cm long, 3.5cm broad, entire.
Inflorescence - Single sessile flower terminating the aerial stem.
Flowers - Petals 3, reddish-maroon (rarely green), lanceolate, attenuate, to +2.5cm long, 8mm broad, glabrous, erect. Stamens 6, +/-1.5cm long. Filaments purple, 2-3mm long. Anthers long, yellow-brown. Styles 3, purple. Ovary superior, 3-6-angled, 3-locular. Placentation axile. Sepals 3, green with reddish margins, lanceolate, to +2.2cm long, glabrous, spreading to erect.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Bottoms, moist slopes, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This fine species can be found mainly in the lower 2/3 of Missouri. The plant is fairly common in the habitats mentioned above.
The plants with green flowers are known as form viridiflorum Beyer and are more rare than the red-flowered form.
The flowers of this species have the slight aroma of dead animal tissue as to attract flies and beetles as pollinators. The plant is edible but should not be picked as most plants in this genus are having a tough time competing with man for living space.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - To +30cm tall, erect, glabrous, herbaceous, greenish above, purplish near base, simple, from short rhizomes.
Leaves - In a single whorl of 3(rarely 4) at the apex of the stem, with a short but distinct petiole. Petiole to 1cm long, glabrous. Blade elliptic-ovate, glabrous, entire, acute, mottled above, light green below, to +12cm long.
Inflorescence - Single terminal sessile flower.
Flowers - Petals 3, erect and converging over the stamens, maroon (rarely yellowish), glabrous, tapering to a claw at base, acute, 2.7-3cm long, 9-10mm broad. Stamens 6, adnate at base of petals and sepals, erect, converging over the pistil. Filaments maroon, 3mm long, glabrous. Anthers dark purple, 7-8mm long, falcate. Ovary superior, 3-sided but each side parted so appearing 6-angled, 4mm long(tall), glabrous, green, 3-locular. Styles 3, purple, slightly spreading, 3.5mm long. Placentation axile. Seeds (ovules) many. Sepals 3, recurved, lanceolate, glabrous, entire, 2-3cm long, 7-10mm broad, green.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Mesic bottoms, slopes, ravines, mesic forests.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - T. recurvatum is common in the most southern and eastern counties of Missouri but is infrequent elsewhere in the state. The plants prefer shaded areas and moist soils. A similar species, T. sessile L. has leaves which are sessile and sepals which are spreading to erect at anthesis.
T. sessile is much more common in Missouri.
Stems - To +30cm tall, erect, glabrous, herbaceous, greenish above, purplish near base, simple, from short rhizomes.
Leaves - In a single whorl of 3(rarely 4) at the apex of the stem, with a short but distinct petiole. Petiole to 1cm long, glabrous. Blade elliptic-ovate, glabrous, entire, acute, mottled above, light green below, to +12cm long.
Inflorescence - Single terminal sessile flower.
Flowers - Petals 3, erect and converging over the stamens, maroon (rarely yellowish), glabrous, tapering to a claw at base, acute, 2.7-3cm long, 9-10mm broad. Stamens 6, adnate at base of petals and sepals, erect, converging over the pistil. Filaments maroon, 3mm long, glabrous. Anthers dark purple, 7-8mm long, falcate. Ovary superior, 3-sided but each side parted so appearing 6-angled, 4mm long(tall), glabrous, green, 3-locular. Styles 3, purple, slightly spreading, 3.5mm long. Placentation axile. Seeds (ovules) many. Sepals 3, recurved, lanceolate, glabrous, entire, 2-3cm long, 7-10mm broad, green.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Mesic bottoms, slopes, ravines, mesic forests.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - T. recurvatum is common in the most southern and eastern counties of Missouri but is infrequent elsewhere in the state. The plants prefer shaded areas and moist soils. A similar species, T. sessile L. has leaves which are sessile and sepals which are spreading to erect at anthesis.
T. sessile is much more common in Missouri.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Loganiaceae
Stems - To +/-50cm tall, herbaceous, erect, glabrous, multiple from base, typically simple, minutely winged from decurrent leaf tissue. Wings to -1mm broad.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, decussate, ovate, acuminate, entire, to +10cm long, +5cm broad, typically glabrous above, short sparse pubescent below (mostly on the veins).
Inflorescence - Terminal one-sided (secund) spike to +/-10cm long.
Flowers - Corolla tube deep crimson externally (yellowish at very base), pale yellow to yellow internally, to +/-4cm long, 5-lobed. Lobes lanceolate, 1.2cm long, 4-5mm broad, acuminate, glabrous, erect to spreading. Stamens 5, alternating with the corolla lobes, adnate at apex of corolla tube, erect. Filaments 6-7mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 3mm long. Style white, glabrous, 4cm long. Ovary superior, 2-locular, yellowish, 1.1mm long, 2mm broad, glabrous. Placentation axile. Sepals 5, attenuate, 7-8mm long, 1.1mm broad at base, glabrous.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Low moist woods, ravines, streambanks.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species can be found in a handful of southeastern counties in Missouri. The plant is easy to identify in the field because of its brilliant red flowers and opposite leaves. No other species resembles it while in flower.
S. marilandica can be grown from seed and does well in cultivation if given moist conditions and partial shade.
The plant contains alkaloids and calcium oxalate crystals and was used traditionally as a parasite remedy.
Stems - To +/-50cm tall, herbaceous, erect, glabrous, multiple from base, typically simple, minutely winged from decurrent leaf tissue. Wings to -1mm broad.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, decussate, ovate, acuminate, entire, to +10cm long, +5cm broad, typically glabrous above, short sparse pubescent below (mostly on the veins).
Inflorescence - Terminal one-sided (secund) spike to +/-10cm long.
Flowers - Corolla tube deep crimson externally (yellowish at very base), pale yellow to yellow internally, to +/-4cm long, 5-lobed. Lobes lanceolate, 1.2cm long, 4-5mm broad, acuminate, glabrous, erect to spreading. Stamens 5, alternating with the corolla lobes, adnate at apex of corolla tube, erect. Filaments 6-7mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 3mm long. Style white, glabrous, 4cm long. Ovary superior, 2-locular, yellowish, 1.1mm long, 2mm broad, glabrous. Placentation axile. Sepals 5, attenuate, 7-8mm long, 1.1mm broad at base, glabrous.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Low moist woods, ravines, streambanks.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species can be found in a handful of southeastern counties in Missouri. The plant is easy to identify in the field because of its brilliant red flowers and opposite leaves. No other species resembles it while in flower.
S. marilandica can be grown from seed and does well in cultivation if given moist conditions and partial shade.
The plant contains alkaloids and calcium oxalate crystals and was used traditionally as a parasite remedy.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Caryophyllaceae
Stems - From a woody caudex, multiple from the base, herbaceous, erect, branching, fistulose, densely glandular pubescent, to 50cm tall.
Leaves - Leaves of basal rosette spatulate, petiolate, to +/-15cm long (with petiole), 2cm broad, acute, entire. Blades mostly glabrous. Margins ciliate, especially on petiole. Cauline leaves opposite, becoming sessile, lanceolate to lance-linear, entire, viscid glandular pubescent, acute, reduced upward, typically less than 8 pairs on a stem.
Inflorescence - Loose terminal bracteate cymes. Pedicels to -4cm long, densely glandular pubescent.
Flowers - Petals 5, clawed. Limb crimson, 2cm long, 6mm broad, notched at apex, glabrous. Claw -2cm long, mostly scarious but reddish near apex, glabrous. Fornices 2, 3-4mm long, erect, red. Stamens 10, half adnate at base of petals, half not adnate to petals, exserted. Filaments 2.4cm long, glabrous, greenish-white below, reddish near apex. Anthers 3mm long, 2-lobed, greyish-green. Ovary on small gynophore(to 1.5mm long), cylindric, yellow-green, 6mm long, -2mm in diameter. Placentation free-central. Ovules many. Styles 3, white below, red above, -2cm long. Calyx tube to 1.7cm long, 5-lobed, densely glandular pubescent, often with a reddish tinge, 10-nerved, glabrous internally. Lobes acute, triangular, 4mm long.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Rocky woods, ledges, wooded slopes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species can be found in the Ozark section of Missouri. This plant and the closely related S. regia Sims have some of the most brilliant red flowers in nature. Both of these species flower at the same time and can be difficult to distinguish from one another. S. regia differs from S. virginica in having many more pairs of leaves on its stem and by having petals which are not notched at the apex.
Both plants are worthy of cultivation and grow well from seed.
Stems - From a woody caudex, multiple from the base, herbaceous, erect, branching, fistulose, densely glandular pubescent, to 50cm tall.
Leaves - Leaves of basal rosette spatulate, petiolate, to +/-15cm long (with petiole), 2cm broad, acute, entire. Blades mostly glabrous. Margins ciliate, especially on petiole. Cauline leaves opposite, becoming sessile, lanceolate to lance-linear, entire, viscid glandular pubescent, acute, reduced upward, typically less than 8 pairs on a stem.
Inflorescence - Loose terminal bracteate cymes. Pedicels to -4cm long, densely glandular pubescent.
Flowers - Petals 5, clawed. Limb crimson, 2cm long, 6mm broad, notched at apex, glabrous. Claw -2cm long, mostly scarious but reddish near apex, glabrous. Fornices 2, 3-4mm long, erect, red. Stamens 10, half adnate at base of petals, half not adnate to petals, exserted. Filaments 2.4cm long, glabrous, greenish-white below, reddish near apex. Anthers 3mm long, 2-lobed, greyish-green. Ovary on small gynophore(to 1.5mm long), cylindric, yellow-green, 6mm long, -2mm in diameter. Placentation free-central. Ovules many. Styles 3, white below, red above, -2cm long. Calyx tube to 1.7cm long, 5-lobed, densely glandular pubescent, often with a reddish tinge, 10-nerved, glabrous internally. Lobes acute, triangular, 4mm long.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Rocky woods, ledges, wooded slopes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species can be found in the Ozark section of Missouri. This plant and the closely related S. regia Sims have some of the most brilliant red flowers in nature. Both of these species flower at the same time and can be difficult to distinguish from one another. S. regia differs from S. virginica in having many more pairs of leaves on its stem and by having petals which are not notched at the apex.
Both plants are worthy of cultivation and grow well from seed.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Caryophyllaceae
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, herbaceous but stout, single or multiple from the base, simple in the basal 2/3, branching in the inflorescence, fistulose, densely retrorse puberulent, densely glandular pubescent in the apex, 4-5mm in diameter.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, decussate, many pairs per stem, ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminate, densely puberulent to hispidulous above and below, paler abaxially, to +/-10cm long, +/-4cm broad. Single midrib impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary cymes at the apex of the stem. Each division of the cyme subtended by a pair of foliaceous bracts. Bracts reduced upward. Pedicels and bracts densely viscid-glandular. Pedicels typically +/-1cm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, spreading, clawed, 4-5cm long, distinct. Claw to +2cm long, mostly whitish, glabrous but with ciliate margins. Limb to +2cm long, 5-7mm broad, red, oblong, mostly glabrous but with a few hairs along the margins, with some viscid glands, with a shallow notch at the apex or not, with 2 basal appendages at the base of the limb. Appendages subulate, acute, erect, red, +/-5mm long, -2mm broad. Stamens 10, 5 adnate to the base of the petals and 5 alternating with the petals, slightly exserted. Filaments white but darkened near the apex, +2.5cm long, glabrous. Anthers +/-2mm long, greenish-blue. Styles 3, distinct, well exserted, to +3cm long, glabrous, white with purple apices (stigmas). Ovary superior, green, glabrous, cylindric, 7-8mm long, 2mm in diameter (in flower), unilocular. Placentation free-central. Ovules many. Calyx tubular, green, densely viscid glandular externally, glabrous internally, 10-ribbed, accrescent, +/-2.5cm long, truncate and slightly saccate at the base.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Rocky prairies, rocky open woods, thickets, borders of rocky glades, roadsides.
Origin - Native to the U.S.
Other info. - This striking plant can be found in the Ozark region of Missouri but is sometimes cultivated elsewhere. This species is easy to identify in the field because of its brilliant flowers and stems which have many nodes and leaves. Another species, S. virginica L., is similar but is a smaller plant with mostly basal leaves. Both species rival any commonly cultivated plant and should be grown more in home gardens.
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, herbaceous but stout, single or multiple from the base, simple in the basal 2/3, branching in the inflorescence, fistulose, densely retrorse puberulent, densely glandular pubescent in the apex, 4-5mm in diameter.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, decussate, many pairs per stem, ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminate, densely puberulent to hispidulous above and below, paler abaxially, to +/-10cm long, +/-4cm broad. Single midrib impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary cymes at the apex of the stem. Each division of the cyme subtended by a pair of foliaceous bracts. Bracts reduced upward. Pedicels and bracts densely viscid-glandular. Pedicels typically +/-1cm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, spreading, clawed, 4-5cm long, distinct. Claw to +2cm long, mostly whitish, glabrous but with ciliate margins. Limb to +2cm long, 5-7mm broad, red, oblong, mostly glabrous but with a few hairs along the margins, with some viscid glands, with a shallow notch at the apex or not, with 2 basal appendages at the base of the limb. Appendages subulate, acute, erect, red, +/-5mm long, -2mm broad. Stamens 10, 5 adnate to the base of the petals and 5 alternating with the petals, slightly exserted. Filaments white but darkened near the apex, +2.5cm long, glabrous. Anthers +/-2mm long, greenish-blue. Styles 3, distinct, well exserted, to +3cm long, glabrous, white with purple apices (stigmas). Ovary superior, green, glabrous, cylindric, 7-8mm long, 2mm in diameter (in flower), unilocular. Placentation free-central. Ovules many. Calyx tubular, green, densely viscid glandular externally, glabrous internally, 10-ribbed, accrescent, +/-2.5cm long, truncate and slightly saccate at the base.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Rocky prairies, rocky open woods, thickets, borders of rocky glades, roadsides.
Origin - Native to the U.S.
Other info. - This striking plant can be found in the Ozark region of Missouri but is sometimes cultivated elsewhere. This species is easy to identify in the field because of its brilliant flowers and stems which have many nodes and leaves. Another species, S. virginica L., is similar but is a smaller plant with mostly basal leaves. Both species rival any commonly cultivated plant and should be grown more in home gardens.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Lamiaceae
Stems - To 150cm tall, 4-angled, glabrous below, pubescent above, herbaceous, branching above or simple, fragrant.
Leaves - Opposite, to 15cm long, 5cm broad, serrate, lanceolate to ovate, acute to acuminate, with short petioles or sessile, glabrous or sparsely pubescent above, with spreading hairs below, fragrant.
Inflorescence - Terminal cluster of +/-30 flowers. Cluster subtended by foliaceous red bracts.
Flowers - Corolla scarlet, to 4cm long, bilabiate, pubescent. Lower lip larger than upper and weekly 3-lobed. Stamens 2, exserted. Style exserted. Stigma 2-lobed (unequally so). Calyx tubular, with +/-15 ridges (nerves), 5-lobed. Lobes acute to acuminate.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Cultivated, rarely escaped to moist soils.
Origin - Native to northeastern U.S.
Other info. - This is a very striking species of Monarda. Like most of the other deep red flowers, it is very popular with butterfly gardeners. The plant is very fragrant and the leaves can be used to flavor beverages.
Other varieties of the plant have different color flowers ranging from pinkish to purple.
Stems - To 150cm tall, 4-angled, glabrous below, pubescent above, herbaceous, branching above or simple, fragrant.
Leaves - Opposite, to 15cm long, 5cm broad, serrate, lanceolate to ovate, acute to acuminate, with short petioles or sessile, glabrous or sparsely pubescent above, with spreading hairs below, fragrant.
Inflorescence - Terminal cluster of +/-30 flowers. Cluster subtended by foliaceous red bracts.
Flowers - Corolla scarlet, to 4cm long, bilabiate, pubescent. Lower lip larger than upper and weekly 3-lobed. Stamens 2, exserted. Style exserted. Stigma 2-lobed (unequally so). Calyx tubular, with +/-15 ridges (nerves), 5-lobed. Lobes acute to acuminate.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Cultivated, rarely escaped to moist soils.
Origin - Native to northeastern U.S.
Other info. - This is a very striking species of Monarda. Like most of the other deep red flowers, it is very popular with butterfly gardeners. The plant is very fragrant and the leaves can be used to flavor beverages.
Other varieties of the plant have different color flowers ranging from pinkish to purple.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Caprifoliaceae
Stems - To several meters long, trailing to climbing or twining, typically glabrous.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, sessile, glabrous and deep green above, dull green to glaucous below, entire, broadly ovate to elliptic, to +5cm long, +4cm broad. Leaves just below inflorescence typically perfoliate and joined at base.
Inflorescence - Terminal paired cymules at each node. Cymules of typically 3 flowers each (so six flowers per node). Flowers sessile.
Flowers - Corolla deep red, glabrous, to 5cm long, 5-lobed(slightly bilabiate). Lobes acute, to 6mm long. Stamens 5, exserted, adnate at base of corolla tube. Filaments white, glabrous. Anthers yellow, to 3-4mm long. Style exserted past stamens, whitish, glabrous. Stigma capitate. Ovary inferior. Calyx minute, 5-toothed, glabrous, green. Teeth to -1mm long, whitish.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Cultivated and rarely escaped to thickets and roadsides.
Origin - Native to the Eastern U.S., cultivated in Missouri.
Other info. - This is a very striking plant while in flower. The brilliant red flowers cannot be missed and are great for attracting flying insects. The species name of the plant means "evergreen" and the leaves do hold on the plant throughout the winter.
Stems - To several meters long, trailing to climbing or twining, typically glabrous.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, sessile, glabrous and deep green above, dull green to glaucous below, entire, broadly ovate to elliptic, to +5cm long, +4cm broad. Leaves just below inflorescence typically perfoliate and joined at base.
Inflorescence - Terminal paired cymules at each node. Cymules of typically 3 flowers each (so six flowers per node). Flowers sessile.
Flowers - Corolla deep red, glabrous, to 5cm long, 5-lobed(slightly bilabiate). Lobes acute, to 6mm long. Stamens 5, exserted, adnate at base of corolla tube. Filaments white, glabrous. Anthers yellow, to 3-4mm long. Style exserted past stamens, whitish, glabrous. Stigma capitate. Ovary inferior. Calyx minute, 5-toothed, glabrous, green. Teeth to -1mm long, whitish.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Cultivated and rarely escaped to thickets and roadsides.
Origin - Native to the Eastern U.S., cultivated in Missouri.
Other info. - This is a very striking plant while in flower. The brilliant red flowers cannot be missed and are great for attracting flying insects. The species name of the plant means "evergreen" and the leaves do hold on the plant throughout the winter.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - Flowering (aerial) stems to 2m tall, glabrous, glaucous, herbaceous. Stems arise from a scaly bulb.
Leaves - Typically whorled, to +12cm long, 5cm broad, lanceolate to elliptic, glabrous above. Under-surface and margins with tiny teeth. Leaves sometimes alternate just below inflorescence and at the very base of stem.
Inflorescence - One to +5 nodding flowers on long pedicels terminating stem.
Flowers - Perianth (tepals) 6, mostly red with a yellow base and brown speckles, recurved, to +10cm long. Stamens 6, exserted well beyond perianth. Style 1. Stigma 3-lobed.
Flowering - June - July.
Habitat - Low woods, moist ground, slopes, bluffs, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is an easily recognized lily which is often cultivated. The perianth may vary in color with cultivation. Plants in cultivation can also have many more than 5 flowers terminating the stem. This is the most common lily found in the state. Some authors list this plant as a subspecies of L. canadense L.
Stems - Flowering (aerial) stems to 2m tall, glabrous, glaucous, herbaceous. Stems arise from a scaly bulb.
Leaves - Typically whorled, to +12cm long, 5cm broad, lanceolate to elliptic, glabrous above. Under-surface and margins with tiny teeth. Leaves sometimes alternate just below inflorescence and at the very base of stem.
Inflorescence - One to +5 nodding flowers on long pedicels terminating stem.
Flowers - Perianth (tepals) 6, mostly red with a yellow base and brown speckles, recurved, to +10cm long. Stamens 6, exserted well beyond perianth. Style 1. Stigma 3-lobed.
Flowering - June - July.
Habitat - Low woods, moist ground, slopes, bluffs, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is an easily recognized lily which is often cultivated. The perianth may vary in color with cultivation. Plants in cultivation can also have many more than 5 flowers terminating the stem. This is the most common lily found in the state. Some authors list this plant as a subspecies of L. canadense L.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月25日
Family - Cistaceae
Stems - Single to multiple from the base, perennial from a big taproot, erect, herbaceous, to -1m tall, terete, green but reddish in strong sun, villous (the hairs with pustulate bases), scabrous because of the bases of the hairs, mostly simple except for in the inflorescence.
Leaves - Cauline leaves opposite, short-petiolate. Petioles to +/-3mm long, villous. Blades elliptic, acute, cuneate at the base, entire, to +/-3cm long, +/-6mm broad, antrorse, pubescent above and below, green.
Inflorescence - Dense axillary bracteate panicles in the apical 1/3 of the stem. Each branch of the panicle subtended by a reduced foliaceous bract. Branches of the panicles villous to antrorse pubescent. Pedicels to 1mm long, antrorse pubescent.
Flowers - Petals 3, -2mm long, -1mm broad, glabrous, reddish-purple, rounded at the apex, shorter than the sepals. Stamens 5, from below the globose ovary. Filaments purple, glabrous, +/-2mm long, filiform. Anthers tan but quickly drying to blackish with tan ridges, .2mm long. Ovary green, glabrous, globose, -1mm in diameter in flower, superior. Style (stigma) flattened, purple at the base, yellow above, fimbriate. Sepals 5, green, erect, with whitish-scarious margins, cupped, with some hairs externally, glabrous internally, acute to rounded at the apex.
Flowering - July - November.
Habitat - Rocky open glades, rocky open woods, sandy and fallow fields, prairies, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This weedy-looking species can be found mainly in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to overlook becasue of its small flowers and small leaves.
The Missouri material belongs to variety villosa.
Stems - Single to multiple from the base, perennial from a big taproot, erect, herbaceous, to -1m tall, terete, green but reddish in strong sun, villous (the hairs with pustulate bases), scabrous because of the bases of the hairs, mostly simple except for in the inflorescence.
Leaves - Cauline leaves opposite, short-petiolate. Petioles to +/-3mm long, villous. Blades elliptic, acute, cuneate at the base, entire, to +/-3cm long, +/-6mm broad, antrorse, pubescent above and below, green.
Inflorescence - Dense axillary bracteate panicles in the apical 1/3 of the stem. Each branch of the panicle subtended by a reduced foliaceous bract. Branches of the panicles villous to antrorse pubescent. Pedicels to 1mm long, antrorse pubescent.
Flowers - Petals 3, -2mm long, -1mm broad, glabrous, reddish-purple, rounded at the apex, shorter than the sepals. Stamens 5, from below the globose ovary. Filaments purple, glabrous, +/-2mm long, filiform. Anthers tan but quickly drying to blackish with tan ridges, .2mm long. Ovary green, glabrous, globose, -1mm in diameter in flower, superior. Style (stigma) flattened, purple at the base, yellow above, fimbriate. Sepals 5, green, erect, with whitish-scarious margins, cupped, with some hairs externally, glabrous internally, acute to rounded at the apex.
Flowering - July - November.
Habitat - Rocky open glades, rocky open woods, sandy and fallow fields, prairies, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This weedy-looking species can be found mainly in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to overlook becasue of its small flowers and small leaves.
The Missouri material belongs to variety villosa.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月25日
Family - Rubiaceae
Stems - To +/-30cm tall, erect to ascending, herbaceous, multiple from the base, 4-angled, glabrous, hollow, branching.
Leaves - In whorls of 4, sessile, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3 times as long as broad, to +/-4cm long, +/-1cm broad, acute, with a single prominent midrib and 2 faint lateral veins, entire, slightly scabrous, strigose on midrib above and below, antrorse strigillose on the margins. Leaf with pustulate glands in leaf tissue abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary cymes. Each division of cyme subtended by small linear bracts. Pedicels glabrous, to -2cm long.
Flowers - Corolla purplish-red, 3mm broad, 4-lobed, glabrous. Lobes acute to apiculate, spreading. The apices often whitened. Stamens 4, spreading. Filaments purple, .6mm long. Anthers purple, .2mm long. Style purple, glabrous, .5mm long. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary inferior, 2-carpellate, green, glabrous, 1.2mm long. One ovule per carpel.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, openings in woods, borders of glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little plant is found in the Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its four lanceolate leaves and its purple-red flowers.
Stems - To +/-30cm tall, erect to ascending, herbaceous, multiple from the base, 4-angled, glabrous, hollow, branching.
Leaves - In whorls of 4, sessile, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3 times as long as broad, to +/-4cm long, +/-1cm broad, acute, with a single prominent midrib and 2 faint lateral veins, entire, slightly scabrous, strigose on midrib above and below, antrorse strigillose on the margins. Leaf with pustulate glands in leaf tissue abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary cymes. Each division of cyme subtended by small linear bracts. Pedicels glabrous, to -2cm long.
Flowers - Corolla purplish-red, 3mm broad, 4-lobed, glabrous. Lobes acute to apiculate, spreading. The apices often whitened. Stamens 4, spreading. Filaments purple, .6mm long. Anthers purple, .2mm long. Style purple, glabrous, .5mm long. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary inferior, 2-carpellate, green, glabrous, 1.2mm long. One ovule per carpel.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, openings in woods, borders of glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little plant is found in the Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its four lanceolate leaves and its purple-red flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月25日
Family - Carypohyllaceae
Stems - To .75m tall, glabrous, herbaceous, typically simple but sometimes branching above, 4-angled (the angles rounded).
Leaves - Opposite, lanceolate, elliptic or oblong, to 8cm long, 2cm broad, glabrous, sessile to short-petiolate, entire or minutely ciliate.
Inflorescence - Terminal cyme of 5-30 flowers, dense.
Flowers - Petals 5, clawed, variously colored, fringed. Stamens 10, included to slightly exserted. Styles 2. Calyx tubular, striate, to 1cm long. Fruit a capsule, many seeded, +/-1cm long.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Cultivated and rarely escaped.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - Dianthus barbatus is the most common species of the genus cultivated in this state. The plant has many varieties, mostly differentiated by flower color, but also size.
The typical flower color is whitish with some red spotting. Double flowered plants are common. This species is also crossed with other species for horticultural hybrids. The plant grows readily from seed.
Stems - To .75m tall, glabrous, herbaceous, typically simple but sometimes branching above, 4-angled (the angles rounded).
Leaves - Opposite, lanceolate, elliptic or oblong, to 8cm long, 2cm broad, glabrous, sessile to short-petiolate, entire or minutely ciliate.
Inflorescence - Terminal cyme of 5-30 flowers, dense.
Flowers - Petals 5, clawed, variously colored, fringed. Stamens 10, included to slightly exserted. Styles 2. Calyx tubular, striate, to 1cm long. Fruit a capsule, many seeded, +/-1cm long.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Cultivated and rarely escaped.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - Dianthus barbatus is the most common species of the genus cultivated in this state. The plant has many varieties, mostly differentiated by flower color, but also size.
The typical flower color is whitish with some red spotting. Double flowered plants are common. This species is also crossed with other species for horticultural hybrids. The plant grows readily from seed.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月25日
Family - Bignoniaceae
Stems - Woody, climbing or clambering, multiple from base, forming aerial rootlets. New seasons growth glabrous, green.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, odd-pinnate, with +/-11 leaflets. Petiole and rachis glabrous or with a few cilia near the base of the leaflets, with a narrow adaxial groove, green. Leaflets opposite, ovate, acuminate, coarsely and irregularly serrate, glabrous above, sparsely pubescent on veins below, acute to acuminate, to +6cm long, +4cm broad. Leaf tissue abruptly contracted and deccurent on petiolule.
Inflorescence - Terminal corymbs of +/-10 flowers. Pedicels to 1.7cm long, subtended by small linear bracts. Pedicel also often with two small scalelike bracts near middle.
Flowers - Corolla red-orange, orange, or yellow, to +/-7cm long, 2cm in diameter, funnelform, 5-lobed at apex, zygomorphic, glabrous. Lobes suborbicular, to 2.5cm broad, 1.5cm long. Stamens 5 (4 + 1), didynamous, included, adnate at contracted portion of corolla tube. Filaments to +3cm long, glabrous, pale yellow. Anthers tan, 5-6mm long. Small stamen with filament to 1.8cm long. Style 1, 4.8cm long, glabrous, yellow-green. Stigma flattened, spatulate, to 3mm broad. Ovary superior, 8mm long, subterete to weakly 6-angled. Placentation axile. Ovules many, glabrous. Calyx tube to +2cm long, reddish, 5-lobed. Lobes 8mm long, acute, 5-6mm broad at base, glabrous internally and externally. Capsules 2-valved, to +15cm long, beaked, woody. Seeds winged.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Open woods, thickets, fence rows, waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species is common throughout Missouri but is actually native to only the Ozark section of the state. This is an easily identified vine because of its opposite, pinnate leaves and big, orange flowers. It can frequently be seen growing along fence rows and in waste places.
C. radicans can be aggressive if unchecked and some people are mildly allergic to the plant.
Stems - Woody, climbing or clambering, multiple from base, forming aerial rootlets. New seasons growth glabrous, green.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, odd-pinnate, with +/-11 leaflets. Petiole and rachis glabrous or with a few cilia near the base of the leaflets, with a narrow adaxial groove, green. Leaflets opposite, ovate, acuminate, coarsely and irregularly serrate, glabrous above, sparsely pubescent on veins below, acute to acuminate, to +6cm long, +4cm broad. Leaf tissue abruptly contracted and deccurent on petiolule.
Inflorescence - Terminal corymbs of +/-10 flowers. Pedicels to 1.7cm long, subtended by small linear bracts. Pedicel also often with two small scalelike bracts near middle.
Flowers - Corolla red-orange, orange, or yellow, to +/-7cm long, 2cm in diameter, funnelform, 5-lobed at apex, zygomorphic, glabrous. Lobes suborbicular, to 2.5cm broad, 1.5cm long. Stamens 5 (4 + 1), didynamous, included, adnate at contracted portion of corolla tube. Filaments to +3cm long, glabrous, pale yellow. Anthers tan, 5-6mm long. Small stamen with filament to 1.8cm long. Style 1, 4.8cm long, glabrous, yellow-green. Stigma flattened, spatulate, to 3mm broad. Ovary superior, 8mm long, subterete to weakly 6-angled. Placentation axile. Ovules many, glabrous. Calyx tube to +2cm long, reddish, 5-lobed. Lobes 8mm long, acute, 5-6mm broad at base, glabrous internally and externally. Capsules 2-valved, to +15cm long, beaked, woody. Seeds winged.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Open woods, thickets, fence rows, waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species is common throughout Missouri but is actually native to only the Ozark section of the state. This is an easily identified vine because of its opposite, pinnate leaves and big, orange flowers. It can frequently be seen growing along fence rows and in waste places.
C. radicans can be aggressive if unchecked and some people are mildly allergic to the plant.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月25日
Family - Primulaceae
Stems - To +/-30cm tall, branching, decumbent, repent, or erect, herbaceous, 4-angled, glabrous to pubescent, sometimes rooting at the nodes.
Leaves - Opposite, entire, sessile, ovate, to 2cm long, 1.3cm broad, clasping or not, with brown speckles below, variously pubescent, margins somewhat tuberculate.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from leaf axils. Peduncles to 1.4cm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Corolla orange-red, rarely bluish, to -1cm wide, rotate. Petals 5, united at base and forming very short tube, 4mm long, 3-3.5mm broad, broadly ovate, broadly elliptic, or orbicular. Stamens 5, adnate at base of petals. Filaments purple, 2mm long, pubescent with purple multicellular hairs. Anthers yellow, .5mm long. Style single. Calyx with very short tube(-1mm long), 5-lobed. Lobes lanceolate, 4mm long, with scarious margins, keeled at midvein.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Roadsides, pastures, waste ground, disturbed sites. Typically in moist soil.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This small species can be found mainly in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy tp identify becasue of its sessile, opposite leaves, orange-red flowers, and globose fruits. The fruits of this species are globose, circumscissile capsules which contain many tiny seeds.
Steyermark lists two forms for the state. Form arvensis, shown above, has a red-orange corolla, and form caerulea has a blue corolla. The latter form is much less common but much more striking in my opinion.
If untouched, the plant can form mats, since it sometimes roots at the nodes.
Stems - To +/-30cm tall, branching, decumbent, repent, or erect, herbaceous, 4-angled, glabrous to pubescent, sometimes rooting at the nodes.
Leaves - Opposite, entire, sessile, ovate, to 2cm long, 1.3cm broad, clasping or not, with brown speckles below, variously pubescent, margins somewhat tuberculate.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from leaf axils. Peduncles to 1.4cm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Corolla orange-red, rarely bluish, to -1cm wide, rotate. Petals 5, united at base and forming very short tube, 4mm long, 3-3.5mm broad, broadly ovate, broadly elliptic, or orbicular. Stamens 5, adnate at base of petals. Filaments purple, 2mm long, pubescent with purple multicellular hairs. Anthers yellow, .5mm long. Style single. Calyx with very short tube(-1mm long), 5-lobed. Lobes lanceolate, 4mm long, with scarious margins, keeled at midvein.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Roadsides, pastures, waste ground, disturbed sites. Typically in moist soil.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This small species can be found mainly in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy tp identify becasue of its sessile, opposite leaves, orange-red flowers, and globose fruits. The fruits of this species are globose, circumscissile capsules which contain many tiny seeds.
Steyermark lists two forms for the state. Form arvensis, shown above, has a red-orange corolla, and form caerulea has a blue corolla. The latter form is much less common but much more striking in my opinion.
If untouched, the plant can form mats, since it sometimes roots at the nodes.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月25日
Family - Hippocastanaceae
Stems - Woody, to 4m. Tree-like with single trunk or shrub-like with multiple stems.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, palmately compound with 5 leaflets. Leaflets oblanceolate to obovate, acute to acuminate, toothed, glabrous to sparsely above and below. Petioles reddish, glabrous to somewhat pubescent.
Inflorescence - Terminal panicle to 25cm tall.
Flowers - Corolla red. Petals 4, unequal. Styles long protruding from corolla. Stamens included or slightly longer than corolla.
Fruits - Smooth, punctate, slightly longer than broad, to 5cm in diameter.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Slopes, rich woods, streambanks, also cultivated.
Origin - Native to southeastern U.S., found wild in southeastern Missouri and cultivated throughout the state.
Other info. - This is a striking plant and one of the first "trees" to bloom in spring. It is toxic if eaten.
The plant is simple to identify in the field becasue of its red flowers and palmately divided leaves.
Stems - Woody, to 4m. Tree-like with single trunk or shrub-like with multiple stems.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, palmately compound with 5 leaflets. Leaflets oblanceolate to obovate, acute to acuminate, toothed, glabrous to sparsely above and below. Petioles reddish, glabrous to somewhat pubescent.
Inflorescence - Terminal panicle to 25cm tall.
Flowers - Corolla red. Petals 4, unequal. Styles long protruding from corolla. Stamens included or slightly longer than corolla.
Fruits - Smooth, punctate, slightly longer than broad, to 5cm in diameter.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Slopes, rich woods, streambanks, also cultivated.
Origin - Native to southeastern U.S., found wild in southeastern Missouri and cultivated throughout the state.
Other info. - This is a striking plant and one of the first "trees" to bloom in spring. It is toxic if eaten.
The plant is simple to identify in the field becasue of its red flowers and palmately divided leaves.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月25日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - Trailing and climbing, appearing glabrous but with sparse antrorse strigose hairs, winged from decurrent leaf (stipule) tissue, hollow, herbaceous, to +1m long.
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, even-pinnate. Stipules to 6mm long, coarsely dentate, sparse appressed pubescent below and on margins, often with a purplish spot below. Leaflets subopposite, 5-6 pairs per leaf on upper leaves, on short petiolules, (to -1mm long), entire, truncate and mucronate at apex, pubescent below, mostly glabrous above, linear-oblong to elliptic-oblong or obovate(on lowest leaves), to 1.7cm long, 5-6mm broad. Margins ciliate. Tendril terminating the leaf branching.
Inflorescence - One or two flowers from leaf axils. Pedicels -1mm long, pubescent. Pedicel connected to ventral half of calyx tube.
Flowers - Corolla pinkish. Standard to 1.4cm long, 6-7mm broad but often folded, glabrous, purplish-pink, whitish at base. Wings adnate to keels, purplish-pink at apex. Keels connate apically. Stamens diadelphous, the tube glabrous and white. Anthers yellowish, .2-.3mm long. Ovary green, papillate, 7-8mm long, compressed. Style short, 1.1mm long, green, glabrous except at stigma. Stigma subtended by floccose tuft of hairs. Fruit nearly black at maturity, +2cm long, slightly compressed. Calyx tube 5-6mm long, 2-3mm in diameter, appressed pubescent, 5-lobed. Lobes to +3mm long, attenuate.
Flowering - April - August.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, grassy fields, railroads, roadsides.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This small bean is becoming quite well established in Missouri and other portions of North America. The plant grows rapidly from seed and should not be willingly spread, as it is introduced.
Stems - Trailing and climbing, appearing glabrous but with sparse antrorse strigose hairs, winged from decurrent leaf (stipule) tissue, hollow, herbaceous, to +1m long.
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, even-pinnate. Stipules to 6mm long, coarsely dentate, sparse appressed pubescent below and on margins, often with a purplish spot below. Leaflets subopposite, 5-6 pairs per leaf on upper leaves, on short petiolules, (to -1mm long), entire, truncate and mucronate at apex, pubescent below, mostly glabrous above, linear-oblong to elliptic-oblong or obovate(on lowest leaves), to 1.7cm long, 5-6mm broad. Margins ciliate. Tendril terminating the leaf branching.
Inflorescence - One or two flowers from leaf axils. Pedicels -1mm long, pubescent. Pedicel connected to ventral half of calyx tube.
Flowers - Corolla pinkish. Standard to 1.4cm long, 6-7mm broad but often folded, glabrous, purplish-pink, whitish at base. Wings adnate to keels, purplish-pink at apex. Keels connate apically. Stamens diadelphous, the tube glabrous and white. Anthers yellowish, .2-.3mm long. Ovary green, papillate, 7-8mm long, compressed. Style short, 1.1mm long, green, glabrous except at stigma. Stigma subtended by floccose tuft of hairs. Fruit nearly black at maturity, +2cm long, slightly compressed. Calyx tube 5-6mm long, 2-3mm in diameter, appressed pubescent, 5-lobed. Lobes to +3mm long, attenuate.
Flowering - April - August.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, grassy fields, railroads, roadsides.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This small bean is becoming quite well established in Missouri and other portions of North America. The plant grows rapidly from seed and should not be willingly spread, as it is introduced.
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