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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Portulacaceae
Stems - To 30cm tall, herbaceous, succulent, glabrous, erect to sprawling, rarely rooting at nodes.
Leaves - Alternate, terete to somewhat flattened, linear-oblong, to 5mm wide, 1.3cm long, succulent. Tufts of stiff bristles present at base of leaves.
Inflorescence - Single flower terminating stem, often with involucre-like whorl of leaves at base of flower.
Flowers - Corolla red, rose, pink, orange, yellow or white. Petals to 3cm long, 5 to +30 in number. Stamens +/-40.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Cultivated and possibly escaped to dry waste ground of roadsides and railroads.
Origin - Native to Argentina.
Other info. - This little plant is a survivor. I have friends back in Florida that frequently chop the plant up into tiny bits and then spread the pieces along a brick sidewalk. Within days there are new plants coming up everywhere. This is something to keep in mind if you are thinking of planting the plant in your yard.
The flowers are very striking and new colors are always being developed in cultivation. This species is a "bread and butter" plant of local garden centers.
The plant is capable of growing in dry neglected conditions.
Stems - To 30cm tall, herbaceous, succulent, glabrous, erect to sprawling, rarely rooting at nodes.
Leaves - Alternate, terete to somewhat flattened, linear-oblong, to 5mm wide, 1.3cm long, succulent. Tufts of stiff bristles present at base of leaves.
Inflorescence - Single flower terminating stem, often with involucre-like whorl of leaves at base of flower.
Flowers - Corolla red, rose, pink, orange, yellow or white. Petals to 3cm long, 5 to +30 in number. Stamens +/-40.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Cultivated and possibly escaped to dry waste ground of roadsides and railroads.
Origin - Native to Argentina.
Other info. - This little plant is a survivor. I have friends back in Florida that frequently chop the plant up into tiny bits and then spread the pieces along a brick sidewalk. Within days there are new plants coming up everywhere. This is something to keep in mind if you are thinking of planting the plant in your yard.
The flowers are very striking and new colors are always being developed in cultivation. This species is a "bread and butter" plant of local garden centers.
The plant is capable of growing in dry neglected conditions.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Polygonaceae
Stems - To -1m tall, glabrous, branching at base, erect, herbaceous, from taproot, typically reddish at nodes.
Leaves - Alternate, lanceolate to linear lanceolate, short-petiolate to sessile above, to +11cm long, +/-2cm broad, glabrous to sparse appressed pubescent, typically with purple splotch near middle of blade, entire. Ocrea appressed pubescent friged with cilia. Petioles to 6mm long, red, sparse appressed antrorse pubescent.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes +3cm long, +/-1cm in diameter, dense. Bracts subtending flowers (ocreolae) with or without short cilia (-1mm) at summit.
Flowers - Perianth pink to rose or typically whitish at anthesis, to 3.5mm long. Perianth parts glabrous, ovate to orbicular. Stamens 5, 1.7mm long, white, glabrous, adnate to base of perianth parts. Anthers pale yellow to white, .1mm broad. Styles typically 2, .8mm long, white, glabrous. Achenes typically 2-sided, black, shiny, to +/-2mm long.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Moist to wet waste ground, disturbed sites, meadows, streambanks, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This species is recognized by the characteristic purple splotch in the center of the leaf. The spot is not always present but typically is. The perianth is somewhat variable in color.
The plant is common in the habitats mentioned above and is somewhat toxic.
This species somewhat resembles P. cespitosum Bl. but the latter has a more rose-colored perianth and the bracts of the inflorescence have cilia which typically are longer than the flowers.
Stems - To -1m tall, glabrous, branching at base, erect, herbaceous, from taproot, typically reddish at nodes.
Leaves - Alternate, lanceolate to linear lanceolate, short-petiolate to sessile above, to +11cm long, +/-2cm broad, glabrous to sparse appressed pubescent, typically with purple splotch near middle of blade, entire. Ocrea appressed pubescent friged with cilia. Petioles to 6mm long, red, sparse appressed antrorse pubescent.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes +3cm long, +/-1cm in diameter, dense. Bracts subtending flowers (ocreolae) with or without short cilia (-1mm) at summit.
Flowers - Perianth pink to rose or typically whitish at anthesis, to 3.5mm long. Perianth parts glabrous, ovate to orbicular. Stamens 5, 1.7mm long, white, glabrous, adnate to base of perianth parts. Anthers pale yellow to white, .1mm broad. Styles typically 2, .8mm long, white, glabrous. Achenes typically 2-sided, black, shiny, to +/-2mm long.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Moist to wet waste ground, disturbed sites, meadows, streambanks, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This species is recognized by the characteristic purple splotch in the center of the leaf. The spot is not always present but typically is. The perianth is somewhat variable in color.
The plant is common in the habitats mentioned above and is somewhat toxic.
This species somewhat resembles P. cespitosum Bl. but the latter has a more rose-colored perianth and the bracts of the inflorescence have cilia which typically are longer than the flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Polygonaceae
Stems - To +80cm tall, herbaceous, erect to ascending, widely branching at or near base, mostly glabrous but glandular pubescent near inflorescence, from big taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, sheathing. Ocrea glabrous, NOT fringed. Petiole to 1.5cm long, glabrous. Blade typically lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous (or scabrous just on midrib), punctate below, entire, to 15cm long, +3cm wide, slightly decurrent on petiole. Margins antrorse strigillose.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes to 4-5cm long, 1.5cm thick. Peduncles glandular pubescent. Ocreolae NOT fringed. Pedicels to 2.5mm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Perianth segments 5, 3mm long, 2.1mm broad, broadly elliptic, glabrous, whitish-pink to white. Stamens 10, mostly included to barely exserted. Filaments to -3mm long, glabrous. Anthers pale pink to pinkish-rose. Styles 2, joined for about half their length, free above, whitish, glabrous. Stigmas globose. Ovary green, glabrous, compressed, rotund, .9mm in diameter. Mature achene brown, slightly 3-sided, -3mm in diameter, shiny, glabrous, with concave sides.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Moist to wet locations, gravel bars, disturbed sites, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The perianth of this species is variable between pink and white. Steyermark breaks the species apart into 3 varieties and 3 forms depending on leaf and stem pubescence and flower color. The plant described above is P. pensylvanicum var. laevigatum f. laevigatum.
P. pensylvanicum var. laevigatum f. albineum Farw. has pure white flowers.
Variety pensylvanicum has either leaves which are appressed pubescent below OR peduncles which are glabrous instead of the usual glandular pubescent.
Regardless of which variety or form you find, this species resembles another species, P. bicorne Raf., which is much less common in Missouri.
Stems - To +80cm tall, herbaceous, erect to ascending, widely branching at or near base, mostly glabrous but glandular pubescent near inflorescence, from big taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, sheathing. Ocrea glabrous, NOT fringed. Petiole to 1.5cm long, glabrous. Blade typically lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous (or scabrous just on midrib), punctate below, entire, to 15cm long, +3cm wide, slightly decurrent on petiole. Margins antrorse strigillose.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes to 4-5cm long, 1.5cm thick. Peduncles glandular pubescent. Ocreolae NOT fringed. Pedicels to 2.5mm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Perianth segments 5, 3mm long, 2.1mm broad, broadly elliptic, glabrous, whitish-pink to white. Stamens 10, mostly included to barely exserted. Filaments to -3mm long, glabrous. Anthers pale pink to pinkish-rose. Styles 2, joined for about half their length, free above, whitish, glabrous. Stigmas globose. Ovary green, glabrous, compressed, rotund, .9mm in diameter. Mature achene brown, slightly 3-sided, -3mm in diameter, shiny, glabrous, with concave sides.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Moist to wet locations, gravel bars, disturbed sites, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The perianth of this species is variable between pink and white. Steyermark breaks the species apart into 3 varieties and 3 forms depending on leaf and stem pubescence and flower color. The plant described above is P. pensylvanicum var. laevigatum f. laevigatum.
P. pensylvanicum var. laevigatum f. albineum Farw. has pure white flowers.
Variety pensylvanicum has either leaves which are appressed pubescent below OR peduncles which are glabrous instead of the usual glandular pubescent.
Regardless of which variety or form you find, this species resembles another species, P. bicorne Raf., which is much less common in Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Polygonaceae
Stems - To 1.5m tall, herbaceous, erect, typically simple to branching above, rhizomatous, glabrous below, densely antrorse pubescent above, reddish-green.
Leaves - Alternate, sheathing, petiolate. Ocrea large, antrorse appressed pubescent, NOT fringed at apex. Petiole to 2.5cm long, antrorse appressed pubescent, from around the midpoint of the ocrea. Blade to -20cm long, -6cm broad, entire, often undulate, sericeous, rounded to sub-cordate at base, acuminate, lanceolate to lance-elliptic or lance-ovate.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal spikes to +6cm long, 1.4cm in diameter, erect. Peduncles dense antrorse pubescent. Ocreolae fringed and pubescent, +/-1mm long.
Flowers - Perinath segments 5, rose-pink, to -4mm long, glabrous. Stamens typically 5, adnate at base of perianth segments. Filaments .5mm long, glabrous. Anthers pink, .6mm long. Styles 2, united in lower half, free above, well exserted, whitish-pink, 4-5mm long, glabrous. Stigmas capitate. Ovary compressed, glabrous, reddish-green, 1mm in diameter. Mature achene to 2.5mm in diameter, dark, shiny.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Pond and lake margins, stream banks, wet meadows, roadside ditches, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is an attractive species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is apparently absent from many of the counties in the Ozark region of the state. This is a variable and somewhat confusing species with many growth forms.
This is what the aquatic form looks like:
Stems - To 1.5m tall, herbaceous, erect, typically simple to branching above, rhizomatous, glabrous below, densely antrorse pubescent above, reddish-green.
Leaves - Alternate, sheathing, petiolate. Ocrea large, antrorse appressed pubescent, NOT fringed at apex. Petiole to 2.5cm long, antrorse appressed pubescent, from around the midpoint of the ocrea. Blade to -20cm long, -6cm broad, entire, often undulate, sericeous, rounded to sub-cordate at base, acuminate, lanceolate to lance-elliptic or lance-ovate.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal spikes to +6cm long, 1.4cm in diameter, erect. Peduncles dense antrorse pubescent. Ocreolae fringed and pubescent, +/-1mm long.
Flowers - Perinath segments 5, rose-pink, to -4mm long, glabrous. Stamens typically 5, adnate at base of perianth segments. Filaments .5mm long, glabrous. Anthers pink, .6mm long. Styles 2, united in lower half, free above, well exserted, whitish-pink, 4-5mm long, glabrous. Stigmas capitate. Ovary compressed, glabrous, reddish-green, 1mm in diameter. Mature achene to 2.5mm in diameter, dark, shiny.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Pond and lake margins, stream banks, wet meadows, roadside ditches, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is an attractive species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is apparently absent from many of the counties in the Ozark region of the state. This is a variable and somewhat confusing species with many growth forms.
This is what the aquatic form looks like:
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Polygalaceae
Stems - To +40cm tall, herbaceous, from branching roots, glabrous, erect, simple or branching above, carinate to 4-angled near apex.
Leaves - Alternate, linear to linear-elliptic, sessile or very short-petiolate (petiole to -1mm), glabrous, entire, to 3cm long, 2-5mm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal compact raceme to 2cm tall(long), 1cm in diameter. Pedicels to 1mm long.
Flowers - Petals 3, united into a tube, pinkish to whitish or greenish. Stamens 8, slightly exserted beyond corolla, minute, connate and united with corolla tube. Anthers yellow. Style green, 1mm long, glabrous. Ovary superior, green, 2-locular. Sepals 5, the inner 2 enlarged and colored like the petals, to 5mm long, 3mm broad, with green midvein.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Prairies, meadows, fields, glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a common plant in prairies and it is found throughout most of Missouri. The plant is unmistakable in the field. The flowers are irregular and the noticeable colorful portion is actually the enlarged sepals.
Certain species of the genus Polygala have been used traditionally as medicinal treatments for many ailments. The p
Stems - To +40cm tall, herbaceous, from branching roots, glabrous, erect, simple or branching above, carinate to 4-angled near apex.
Leaves - Alternate, linear to linear-elliptic, sessile or very short-petiolate (petiole to -1mm), glabrous, entire, to 3cm long, 2-5mm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal compact raceme to 2cm tall(long), 1cm in diameter. Pedicels to 1mm long.
Flowers - Petals 3, united into a tube, pinkish to whitish or greenish. Stamens 8, slightly exserted beyond corolla, minute, connate and united with corolla tube. Anthers yellow. Style green, 1mm long, glabrous. Ovary superior, green, 2-locular. Sepals 5, the inner 2 enlarged and colored like the petals, to 5mm long, 3mm broad, with green midvein.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Prairies, meadows, fields, glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a common plant in prairies and it is found throughout most of Missouri. The plant is unmistakable in the field. The flowers are irregular and the noticeable colorful portion is actually the enlarged sepals.
Certain species of the genus Polygala have been used traditionally as medicinal treatments for many ailments. The p
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Orchidaceae
Stems - Solitary from short rhizomes, erect, herbaceous, to 30cm tall, terete, glabrous, purplish at the base, simple.
Leaves - Typically one per stem, sometimes two, sheathing at the base, sessile, alternate, oblanceolate to elliptic, acute, entire, the lowest to +/-7cm long, +/-2.5cm broad, glabrous, with 3 main veins expressed below.
Inflorescence - Single flower terminating the stem, mostly sessile, subtended by a foliaceous bract.
Flowers - Floral tube green, glabrous, ribbed (6), 2cm long, +/-3mm in diameter. Petals and sepals pink, mostly alike except for the lower petal, to 2.5cm long, narrowly elliptic. Lower lip with lacerate margins, bearded, with darker purple stripes, to 2.5cm long, 1cm broad, broadest at the apex. The beard yellowish and resembling stamens. Column to 1cm long, glabrous. Pollinia tucked under the front of the column and facing the rear of the flower.
Flowering - June - July.
Habitat - Fens.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking little orchid is exceedingly rare in Missouri, being found in only two locations. The plant is fen obligate and does not seem to compete well with larger more aggressive plants. Because of this, fire seems to help the plant become more established. As fire finds its way back into forest management, this species could be found in more areas of the state.
Stems - Solitary from short rhizomes, erect, herbaceous, to 30cm tall, terete, glabrous, purplish at the base, simple.
Leaves - Typically one per stem, sometimes two, sheathing at the base, sessile, alternate, oblanceolate to elliptic, acute, entire, the lowest to +/-7cm long, +/-2.5cm broad, glabrous, with 3 main veins expressed below.
Inflorescence - Single flower terminating the stem, mostly sessile, subtended by a foliaceous bract.
Flowers - Floral tube green, glabrous, ribbed (6), 2cm long, +/-3mm in diameter. Petals and sepals pink, mostly alike except for the lower petal, to 2.5cm long, narrowly elliptic. Lower lip with lacerate margins, bearded, with darker purple stripes, to 2.5cm long, 1cm broad, broadest at the apex. The beard yellowish and resembling stamens. Column to 1cm long, glabrous. Pollinia tucked under the front of the column and facing the rear of the flower.
Flowering - June - July.
Habitat - Fens.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking little orchid is exceedingly rare in Missouri, being found in only two locations. The plant is fen obligate and does not seem to compete well with larger more aggressive plants. Because of this, fire seems to help the plant become more established. As fire finds its way back into forest management, this species could be found in more areas of the state.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - To +2m long, vining, twining, herbaceous, multiple from the base, branching, pubescent (a few hairs uncinate), angled in younger portions, typically semi-hollow.
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, trifoliolate, petiolate. Stipules typically spreading, to +/-3mm long, subulate, acute, pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, with ciliolate margins. Petioles to +/-9cm long, (thickened portion at base to 7mm long), puberulent. Petiolules of lateral leaflets to 4mm long, puberulent. Petiolule of terminal leaflet to +/-3cm long. Stiples on all leaflets to 1.5mm long. Lateral leaflets to 12cm long, 7cm broad, ovate but oblique, entire, acuminate. Terminal leaflet to 12cm long, +/-8cm broad, ovate, acuminate, entire. All leaflets deep green above, light green below, pubescent above, with uncinate hairs below which create a "velcro" effect when pressed against cloth and removed quickly.
Inflorescence - Axillary racemes or panicles to +15cm long. Axis puberulent with uncinate hairs. Pedicels to 8-9mm long in fruit, sparse puberulent. Each flower subtended by a small bract. Bract attenuate, to +/-3mm long, pubescent as the stipules.
Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous, pinkish, fading to tan. Standard deflexed, to 1cm broad, hooded, glabrous or sparse pubescent externally, glabrous internally. Wings mostly spreading, 8-9mm long, lilac to pinkish. Keels curled back and touching the standard, lilac to pinkish, glabrous, enclosing the fertile floral organs. Stamens diadelphous, the tube white and glabrous. Anthers yellow, .7mm long. Ovary green, glabrous, compressed, 4mm long, subtended by a ringlike nectary, on a short stalk (to 1mm long). Style white, glabrous, 8mm long. Calyx bilabiate, puberulent. Tube to 2mm long, pubescent internally. Upper lip shallow and notched at the apex. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes acute, +/-1.2mm long.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Low and upland rocky woods, bluffs, slopes, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive species can be found n the lower 1/2 of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in flower because of its showy flowers and large leaves which stick to clothing and hair.
The fruits of this species are relatively small but can be prepared just as the common bean, P. vulgaris L., which is also native to the U.S.
Stems - To +2m long, vining, twining, herbaceous, multiple from the base, branching, pubescent (a few hairs uncinate), angled in younger portions, typically semi-hollow.
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, trifoliolate, petiolate. Stipules typically spreading, to +/-3mm long, subulate, acute, pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, with ciliolate margins. Petioles to +/-9cm long, (thickened portion at base to 7mm long), puberulent. Petiolules of lateral leaflets to 4mm long, puberulent. Petiolule of terminal leaflet to +/-3cm long. Stiples on all leaflets to 1.5mm long. Lateral leaflets to 12cm long, 7cm broad, ovate but oblique, entire, acuminate. Terminal leaflet to 12cm long, +/-8cm broad, ovate, acuminate, entire. All leaflets deep green above, light green below, pubescent above, with uncinate hairs below which create a "velcro" effect when pressed against cloth and removed quickly.
Inflorescence - Axillary racemes or panicles to +15cm long. Axis puberulent with uncinate hairs. Pedicels to 8-9mm long in fruit, sparse puberulent. Each flower subtended by a small bract. Bract attenuate, to +/-3mm long, pubescent as the stipules.
Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous, pinkish, fading to tan. Standard deflexed, to 1cm broad, hooded, glabrous or sparse pubescent externally, glabrous internally. Wings mostly spreading, 8-9mm long, lilac to pinkish. Keels curled back and touching the standard, lilac to pinkish, glabrous, enclosing the fertile floral organs. Stamens diadelphous, the tube white and glabrous. Anthers yellow, .7mm long. Ovary green, glabrous, compressed, 4mm long, subtended by a ringlike nectary, on a short stalk (to 1mm long). Style white, glabrous, 8mm long. Calyx bilabiate, puberulent. Tube to 2mm long, pubescent internally. Upper lip shallow and notched at the apex. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes acute, +/-1.2mm long.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Low and upland rocky woods, bluffs, slopes, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive species can be found n the lower 1/2 of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in flower because of its showy flowers and large leaves which stick to clothing and hair.
The fruits of this species are relatively small but can be prepared just as the common bean, P. vulgaris L., which is also native to the U.S.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - To -1m tall, simple or branching above, Multiple from base, erect to ascending, glabrous to densely villous, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, odd-pinnate, stipulate, to -5cm long. Stipules linear, 5mm long. Leaflets typically 3-5, linear to linear-oblong, involute, opposite, -2cm long, 2mm broad, entire, sparse villous, glandular punctate below, subsessile or on very short petiolule to .7mm long. Petiole punctate glandular, villous, with adaxial groove.
Inflorescence - Dense, indeterminate, cylindrical spikes to 7cm tall, 1.2cm in diameter, terminating stems.
Each flower subtended by an apiculate bract to 5mm long, +/-2mm broad. Bracts cupped and pubescent below tip.
Flowers - Petals purplish-pink, clawed, connected to staminal column (column to 3mm long, white, glabrous), 4-6mm long, 1mm broad. Claws to -4mm long. Stamens 5, monodelphous. Filaments 5-6mm long, purplish. Anthers .9mm long, orange. Style 8-9mm long, white to pinkish, mostly glabrous but bearded below, filiform. Ovary 1.4mm long, pubescent at apex. Calyx tube to 3mm long, white, dense pubescent, 5-lobed. Lobes green acute, 1.2mm long, equal, dense pubescent.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - At first glance the flowers and spikes of this plant appear somewhat uncharacteristic of most plants in the bean family. Closer examination reveals that indeed the plant is properly placed.
This plant is common yet striking to look at. The foliage and stems can be glabrous or very pubescent and some authors split the species up into different varieties based on this and other characteristics.
The plants are frequented by flying insects such as butterflies.
Synonyms for the plant include P. purpureum and Dalea purpurea Vent.
Stems - To -1m tall, simple or branching above, Multiple from base, erect to ascending, glabrous to densely villous, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, odd-pinnate, stipulate, to -5cm long. Stipules linear, 5mm long. Leaflets typically 3-5, linear to linear-oblong, involute, opposite, -2cm long, 2mm broad, entire, sparse villous, glandular punctate below, subsessile or on very short petiolule to .7mm long. Petiole punctate glandular, villous, with adaxial groove.
Inflorescence - Dense, indeterminate, cylindrical spikes to 7cm tall, 1.2cm in diameter, terminating stems.
Each flower subtended by an apiculate bract to 5mm long, +/-2mm broad. Bracts cupped and pubescent below tip.
Flowers - Petals purplish-pink, clawed, connected to staminal column (column to 3mm long, white, glabrous), 4-6mm long, 1mm broad. Claws to -4mm long. Stamens 5, monodelphous. Filaments 5-6mm long, purplish. Anthers .9mm long, orange. Style 8-9mm long, white to pinkish, mostly glabrous but bearded below, filiform. Ovary 1.4mm long, pubescent at apex. Calyx tube to 3mm long, white, dense pubescent, 5-lobed. Lobes green acute, 1.2mm long, equal, dense pubescent.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - At first glance the flowers and spikes of this plant appear somewhat uncharacteristic of most plants in the bean family. Closer examination reveals that indeed the plant is properly placed.
This plant is common yet striking to look at. The foliage and stems can be glabrous or very pubescent and some authors split the species up into different varieties based on this and other characteristics.
The plants are frequented by flying insects such as butterflies.
Synonyms for the plant include P. purpureum and Dalea purpurea Vent.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +40cm tall, branching, herbaceous, with appressed pubescence below and densely glandular near the apex.
Leaves - Alternate, linear, 1-3mm broad, to 5cm long, appressed pubescent (strigose), entire, petiolate or sessile, attenuate.
Inflorescence - Single flower heads terminating peduncles in a broadly paniculate fashion. Peduncles with dense, black, stalked glands.
Involucre - Turbinate, +/-5mm tall and broad. Phyllaries linear, to +1mm wide, with black stalked glands and appressed pubescent (strigose).
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Corolla pink, rose, lavender or whitish, tubular, to -1cm long. Pappus of short scales. Achenes 4-angled.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Limestone glades, bluffs, rocky soil, gravel stream banks.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species of Palafoxia is typically found on calcareous soil and is frequent in the Ozark region of Missouri. In dry years almost all the leaves may be dropped by time of flowering. On gravel bars, however, the plant is frequently robust and maintains its leaves throughout anthesis.
P. callosa is popular for butterfly gardens and is gaining popularity in cultivation. It is a magnificent species when in full bloom. The flowers fade from dark pink to white over the course of a day or two.
Stems - To +40cm tall, branching, herbaceous, with appressed pubescence below and densely glandular near the apex.
Leaves - Alternate, linear, 1-3mm broad, to 5cm long, appressed pubescent (strigose), entire, petiolate or sessile, attenuate.
Inflorescence - Single flower heads terminating peduncles in a broadly paniculate fashion. Peduncles with dense, black, stalked glands.
Involucre - Turbinate, +/-5mm tall and broad. Phyllaries linear, to +1mm wide, with black stalked glands and appressed pubescent (strigose).
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Corolla pink, rose, lavender or whitish, tubular, to -1cm long. Pappus of short scales. Achenes 4-angled.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Limestone glades, bluffs, rocky soil, gravel stream banks.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species of Palafoxia is typically found on calcareous soil and is frequent in the Ozark region of Missouri. In dry years almost all the leaves may be dropped by time of flowering. On gravel bars, however, the plant is frequently robust and maintains its leaves throughout anthesis.
P. callosa is popular for butterfly gardens and is gaining popularity in cultivation. It is a magnificent species when in full bloom. The flowers fade from dark pink to white over the course of a day or two.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Onagraceae
Stems - To 50cm tall, herbaceous, simple, glabrous to pubescent, erect or spreading, from taproot, typically multiple from base.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile to very short-petiolate, to 10cm long, 4cm broad, dentate-serrate to pinnatifid, variable in shape from linear to obovate, pubescent.
Inflorescence - Single flowers upper leaf axils, often nodding before anthesis. Pedicels typically antrorse strigose, subtended by pair of linear-subulate bracts.
Flowers - Corolla pinkish to whitish, to 6cm broad. Petals 4, to 4cm long, +3cm broad, broadly obovate, emarginate to obtuse at apex, yellowish at base, mostly distinct but joined at base into short tube. Stamens 8, adnate at base of corolla. Filaments pale yellow to typically white, +1cm long, filiform, glabrous. Anthers yellow, to 7mm long. Style to +2.5cm long, filiform, greenish near base, whitish at apex. Stigma 4 lobed, (the lobes spreading). Ovary inferior. Floral tube to +1cm long, antrorse strigose. Sepals 4, sharply reflexed to one side, Typically connate and free at apex for 1-2mm, glabrous, often with reddish margins, yellow-green, to +2cm long, +/-3mm broad at base, lanceolate to subulate.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, fields, slopes, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This and other species of Oenothera typically flower in the pre-dawn hours and the flowers only stay open until hot direct sun hits them.
This species has large and showy flowers and the species designation "speciosa" means "showy".
The flowers are frequented by many insects but moths are the most common since the flowers are mostly open at night.
O. speciosa is becoming common in cultivation and other color forms are being developed.
Stems - To 50cm tall, herbaceous, simple, glabrous to pubescent, erect or spreading, from taproot, typically multiple from base.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile to very short-petiolate, to 10cm long, 4cm broad, dentate-serrate to pinnatifid, variable in shape from linear to obovate, pubescent.
Inflorescence - Single flowers upper leaf axils, often nodding before anthesis. Pedicels typically antrorse strigose, subtended by pair of linear-subulate bracts.
Flowers - Corolla pinkish to whitish, to 6cm broad. Petals 4, to 4cm long, +3cm broad, broadly obovate, emarginate to obtuse at apex, yellowish at base, mostly distinct but joined at base into short tube. Stamens 8, adnate at base of corolla. Filaments pale yellow to typically white, +1cm long, filiform, glabrous. Anthers yellow, to 7mm long. Style to +2.5cm long, filiform, greenish near base, whitish at apex. Stigma 4 lobed, (the lobes spreading). Ovary inferior. Floral tube to +1cm long, antrorse strigose. Sepals 4, sharply reflexed to one side, Typically connate and free at apex for 1-2mm, glabrous, often with reddish margins, yellow-green, to +2cm long, +/-3mm broad at base, lanceolate to subulate.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, fields, slopes, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This and other species of Oenothera typically flower in the pre-dawn hours and the flowers only stay open until hot direct sun hits them.
This species has large and showy flowers and the species designation "speciosa" means "showy".
The flowers are frequented by many insects but moths are the most common since the flowers are mostly open at night.
O. speciosa is becoming common in cultivation and other color forms are being developed.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Malvaceae
Stems - Procumbent to ascending, to +60cm long, multiple from base, typically simple, herbaceous, stellate pubescent, from taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate. Stipules to 5mm long, 3mm broad, ciliate-margined, acute. Petioles to +10cm long, stellate pubescent, reduced upward. Blades to +/-5cm broad and long, reniform, dentate, stellate pubescent. Margins ciliate.
Inflorescence - Flowers in fascicles of 1-4 per leaf axil. Peduncles to +2cm long in flower, longer in fruit, stellate pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla of 5 petals united at base to stamen column. Petals to +/-1cm long, pinkish with darker pink lines, glabrous externally and mostly internally but pubescent near base internally(on claws). Stamen column pubescent. Anthers pale yellow to whitish. Ovary a ring of 13 carpels. Style branches exserted from stamen column, pinkish-purple. Calyx 5-lobed, subtended by 3 linear bracts. Bracts 3-4mm long, stellate pubescent. Calyx lobes acute, 4mm long in flower, accrescent, stellate pubescent. Carpels pubescent in fruit.
Flowering - April - October.
Habitat - Waste ground, fields, lawns, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia and north Africa.
Other info. - This species can form large mats if conditions are right. The little flowers are quite striking but the plant should not be willingly spread as it is introduced in the U.S.
There are 5 other species of Malva found in Missouri and all are introduced. M. neglecta is the most common.
Stems - Procumbent to ascending, to +60cm long, multiple from base, typically simple, herbaceous, stellate pubescent, from taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate. Stipules to 5mm long, 3mm broad, ciliate-margined, acute. Petioles to +10cm long, stellate pubescent, reduced upward. Blades to +/-5cm broad and long, reniform, dentate, stellate pubescent. Margins ciliate.
Inflorescence - Flowers in fascicles of 1-4 per leaf axil. Peduncles to +2cm long in flower, longer in fruit, stellate pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla of 5 petals united at base to stamen column. Petals to +/-1cm long, pinkish with darker pink lines, glabrous externally and mostly internally but pubescent near base internally(on claws). Stamen column pubescent. Anthers pale yellow to whitish. Ovary a ring of 13 carpels. Style branches exserted from stamen column, pinkish-purple. Calyx 5-lobed, subtended by 3 linear bracts. Bracts 3-4mm long, stellate pubescent. Calyx lobes acute, 4mm long in flower, accrescent, stellate pubescent. Carpels pubescent in fruit.
Flowering - April - October.
Habitat - Waste ground, fields, lawns, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia and north Africa.
Other info. - This species can form large mats if conditions are right. The little flowers are quite striking but the plant should not be willingly spread as it is introduced in the U.S.
There are 5 other species of Malva found in Missouri and all are introduced. M. neglecta is the most common.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Rosaceae
Stems - A small tree to 10m tall. Trunk to 30cm in diameter. Bark thin (-1cm thick), scaly, narrowly ridged, reddish-brown to brownish-gray. Older twigs with round lenticels, grayish-brown. New season's growth tomentose but quickly becoming glabrate. Previous season's twigs frequently tapering to a point and forming "thorns."
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, tomentose when new but quickly glabrate. Petioles pilose, to +1.5cm long, frequently with a pair of linear stipules at the base. Stipules to 2mm long. Petioles with an adaxial groove. Blades ovate-lanceolate, crenate to crenate-serrate, green above, lighter below, with a few reddish glands on the midrib adaxially, to +6cm long, +3cm broad, blunt to acute at the apex.
Inflorescence - 1-4 flowers terminating new season's growth. Pedicels to +/-2cm long, sparse to densely pubescent (pilose), green and reddish-green.
Flowers - Petals 5, spreading, pink to white, clawed, 2-2.5cm long total, +/-1cm broad (blade), rounded at the apex. Blade mostly glabrous, claw pilose and with pilose margins. Claw +/-5mm long. Margins of blade slightly erose. Stamens +/-20, well exserted, erect, borne at the apex of the hypanthium. Filaments to +/-1.3cm long, pink to white, glabrous. Anthers yellow to brown, 2mm long. Pollen yellow. Styles 5, borne at the base of the hypanthium, +/-1.3cm long, densely pilose in the basal 1/3, glabrous above, slightly expanded below the stigmas, translucent-white. Stigmas capitate, small. Ovary inferior, 5-carpellate, with 10 ovules. Hypanthium green, glabrous internally and externally, 3-4mm long, campanulate to cupulate, +2mm in diameter. Sepals 5, mostly glabrous and green externally, tomentose internally, subulate, 3-5mm long, to 2mm broad at the base, apiculate.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Lowland and upland woods and thickets of the Crowley Ridge. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species is rare in Missouri and can be found wild in just one county from the bootheel of the state. It is much more common in cultivation and wild in states to the south and east. The plant can be identified by its ovate-lanceolate leaves, glabrous pedicels and hypanthia, whitish-pink flowers, and small fruits.
The fruits of M. angustifolia are eaten by wildlife. Humans use the fruit to make jelly, preserves, and cider. The wood of the plant is hard and tough and is good for making tool handles and small items.
Stems - A small tree to 10m tall. Trunk to 30cm in diameter. Bark thin (-1cm thick), scaly, narrowly ridged, reddish-brown to brownish-gray. Older twigs with round lenticels, grayish-brown. New season's growth tomentose but quickly becoming glabrate. Previous season's twigs frequently tapering to a point and forming "thorns."
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, tomentose when new but quickly glabrate. Petioles pilose, to +1.5cm long, frequently with a pair of linear stipules at the base. Stipules to 2mm long. Petioles with an adaxial groove. Blades ovate-lanceolate, crenate to crenate-serrate, green above, lighter below, with a few reddish glands on the midrib adaxially, to +6cm long, +3cm broad, blunt to acute at the apex.
Inflorescence - 1-4 flowers terminating new season's growth. Pedicels to +/-2cm long, sparse to densely pubescent (pilose), green and reddish-green.
Flowers - Petals 5, spreading, pink to white, clawed, 2-2.5cm long total, +/-1cm broad (blade), rounded at the apex. Blade mostly glabrous, claw pilose and with pilose margins. Claw +/-5mm long. Margins of blade slightly erose. Stamens +/-20, well exserted, erect, borne at the apex of the hypanthium. Filaments to +/-1.3cm long, pink to white, glabrous. Anthers yellow to brown, 2mm long. Pollen yellow. Styles 5, borne at the base of the hypanthium, +/-1.3cm long, densely pilose in the basal 1/3, glabrous above, slightly expanded below the stigmas, translucent-white. Stigmas capitate, small. Ovary inferior, 5-carpellate, with 10 ovules. Hypanthium green, glabrous internally and externally, 3-4mm long, campanulate to cupulate, +2mm in diameter. Sepals 5, mostly glabrous and green externally, tomentose internally, subulate, 3-5mm long, to 2mm broad at the base, apiculate.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Lowland and upland woods and thickets of the Crowley Ridge. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species is rare in Missouri and can be found wild in just one county from the bootheel of the state. It is much more common in cultivation and wild in states to the south and east. The plant can be identified by its ovate-lanceolate leaves, glabrous pedicels and hypanthia, whitish-pink flowers, and small fruits.
The fruits of M. angustifolia are eaten by wildlife. Humans use the fruit to make jelly, preserves, and cider. The wood of the plant is hard and tough and is good for making tool handles and small items.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - From taproots, erect to ascending, to 30cm long (tall), puberulent to sericeous, herbaceous, branching, multiple from base.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate, palmately compound. Stipules to +1cm long, attenuate, sericeous. Petiole to +17cm long, sericeous. Leaflets 12, oblanceolate, mucronate, entire, sessile, sericeous below, glabrous above, to +8cm long, 3cm broad.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal indeterminate raceme to 50cm long. Peduncle and axis densely pubescent. Pedicels to 1cm long, densely pubescent. Flowers subverticillate.
Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous, bicolored. Standard with margins reflexed, 1.5cm broad, white with pale yellow spot near center, glabrous. Wings connivent, inflated, enclosing the keel petals, 1.5cm long, pink, glabrous. Stamens 10, monodelphous. Filaments united for 6mm at base, free for 6-7mm. Anthers copper-colored. Style upcurved, 1.2mm long, glabrous. Ovary 1cm long, densely pubescent (the hairs multicellular), slightly compressed. Calyx bilabiate. Lower lip single lobed, 5-6mm long, 5mm broad at base, acute, sericeous, with prominent midrib. Upper lip saccate at base, 4-5mm long, 4mm broad at base, sericeous.
Fruit - Legume to -5cm long, 1cm broad, sericeous, compressed, with 6-9 seeds, with persistent style.Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - The genus has plants nearly worldwide. The plant shown is a hybrid.
Other info. - I know that you will not find this particular plant growing in the wilds of Missouri but its such a striking plant I thought I would include it. The long thick racemes of bicolored flowers are quite striking but reek of cultivation and hybridization. Personally I prefer the more rugged look of wild plants. Nonetheless, there are many very interesting cultivars of Lupinus out there. I'm not even going to guess at which cultivar the shown plant is. One nice website I found for hybrid Lupines is West Country Lupines in the U.K.. They have a great site with good pics and interesting graphics.
Remember, the descriptions given above are only for this particular cultivar. Every cultivar is different.
Stems - From taproots, erect to ascending, to 30cm long (tall), puberulent to sericeous, herbaceous, branching, multiple from base.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate, palmately compound. Stipules to +1cm long, attenuate, sericeous. Petiole to +17cm long, sericeous. Leaflets 12, oblanceolate, mucronate, entire, sessile, sericeous below, glabrous above, to +8cm long, 3cm broad.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal indeterminate raceme to 50cm long. Peduncle and axis densely pubescent. Pedicels to 1cm long, densely pubescent. Flowers subverticillate.
Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous, bicolored. Standard with margins reflexed, 1.5cm broad, white with pale yellow spot near center, glabrous. Wings connivent, inflated, enclosing the keel petals, 1.5cm long, pink, glabrous. Stamens 10, monodelphous. Filaments united for 6mm at base, free for 6-7mm. Anthers copper-colored. Style upcurved, 1.2mm long, glabrous. Ovary 1cm long, densely pubescent (the hairs multicellular), slightly compressed. Calyx bilabiate. Lower lip single lobed, 5-6mm long, 5mm broad at base, acute, sericeous, with prominent midrib. Upper lip saccate at base, 4-5mm long, 4mm broad at base, sericeous.
Fruit - Legume to -5cm long, 1cm broad, sericeous, compressed, with 6-9 seeds, with persistent style.Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - The genus has plants nearly worldwide. The plant shown is a hybrid.
Other info. - I know that you will not find this particular plant growing in the wilds of Missouri but its such a striking plant I thought I would include it. The long thick racemes of bicolored flowers are quite striking but reek of cultivation and hybridization. Personally I prefer the more rugged look of wild plants. Nonetheless, there are many very interesting cultivars of Lupinus out there. I'm not even going to guess at which cultivar the shown plant is. One nice website I found for hybrid Lupines is West Country Lupines in the U.K.. They have a great site with good pics and interesting graphics.
Remember, the descriptions given above are only for this particular cultivar. Every cultivar is different.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +1m tall, simple, single from rounded corm, herbaceous, glabrescent basally, tomentose and purplish above, erect, terete, stout.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile. Lowest leaves to -30cm long, spatulate to narrowly oblanceolate, glabrous or scabrous, quickly reduced upward. Upper leaves linear to linear-oblong, scabrous, entire, with single prominent midrib and no apparent lateral venation, reduced to scales by inflorescence.
Inflorescence - Determinate. Single flower heads from upper axils creating a spikiform effect. Flower heads sessile or on short thick peduncles to 7mm long. Each flower head subtended by a scalelike bract. Flowers +40 per head. Heads to +/-3cm broad.
Involucre - To 1.5cm tall(long), 1.4cm in diameter. Phyllaries green below fading into purple above at apex, with rounded apices, spreading to slightly reflexed, NOT tightly appressed, spatulate, to 1.3cm long, 5mm broad at apex, sparse appressed pubescent and punctate externally, glabrous internally, imbricate. Upper margin appearing minutely lacerate or erose.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Corolla tube 8mm long, white below, fading to pink above, glabrous externally, 5-lobed. Lobes pinkish-rose, 3-4mm long, glabrous, acute. Stamens 5, adnate about 1/3 way from base of tube. Filaments white, glabrous. Anthers connate around style, brownish-purple, 3mm long, included. Style bifurcate, white below, pink above, glabrous, 1.7cm long, well exserted. Achenes barbed, +/-5mm long, white, 10-ribbed. Pappus of numerous barbed bristles to 9mm long. Bristles with pink tinge especially at apex.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Open woods, slopes, bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Just look at that big striking flower head. This is a great plant. It is often overshadowed by other members of the genus but I don't see why. The plant is not common in Missouri but is found in many parts of the U.S.
Stems - To +1m tall, simple, single from rounded corm, herbaceous, glabrescent basally, tomentose and purplish above, erect, terete, stout.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile. Lowest leaves to -30cm long, spatulate to narrowly oblanceolate, glabrous or scabrous, quickly reduced upward. Upper leaves linear to linear-oblong, scabrous, entire, with single prominent midrib and no apparent lateral venation, reduced to scales by inflorescence.
Inflorescence - Determinate. Single flower heads from upper axils creating a spikiform effect. Flower heads sessile or on short thick peduncles to 7mm long. Each flower head subtended by a scalelike bract. Flowers +40 per head. Heads to +/-3cm broad.
Involucre - To 1.5cm tall(long), 1.4cm in diameter. Phyllaries green below fading into purple above at apex, with rounded apices, spreading to slightly reflexed, NOT tightly appressed, spatulate, to 1.3cm long, 5mm broad at apex, sparse appressed pubescent and punctate externally, glabrous internally, imbricate. Upper margin appearing minutely lacerate or erose.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Corolla tube 8mm long, white below, fading to pink above, glabrous externally, 5-lobed. Lobes pinkish-rose, 3-4mm long, glabrous, acute. Stamens 5, adnate about 1/3 way from base of tube. Filaments white, glabrous. Anthers connate around style, brownish-purple, 3mm long, included. Style bifurcate, white below, pink above, glabrous, 1.7cm long, well exserted. Achenes barbed, +/-5mm long, white, 10-ribbed. Pappus of numerous barbed bristles to 9mm long. Bristles with pink tinge especially at apex.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Open woods, slopes, bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Just look at that big striking flower head. This is a great plant. It is often overshadowed by other members of the genus but I don't see why. The plant is not common in Missouri but is found in many parts of the U.S.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +60cm tall, erect, simple, single or multiple from a corm, herbaceous, glabrous to pilose (the hairs multicellular), terete, typically light green with darker vertical lines.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, linear and grasslike, scabrous or not, glabrous to strigose hairy, entire, reduced upward, to +20cm long, 4-12mm broad. Veins of the leaves appearing parallel. Hairs multicellular as on the stem.
Inflorescence - Single, sessile flowerheads in the leaf axils.
Involucre - To +/-1.8cm long (tall), +/-7mm in diameter, cylindric or slightly wider near the base. Phyllaries imbricate, the longest to -1.5cm long, 2-4mm broad, glabrous to pubescent externally, glabrous internally, with ciliate margins apically, abruptly short acuminate to acuminate at the apex, often dark purple at the apex in strong sun. The apices of the phyllaries somewhat to greatly spreading (depending on the variety).
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - 10-60 per flowerhead. Corolla green basally, purplish in the apical half, 5-lobed, to 1.4cm long (including the lobes), glabrous externally, pubescent internally. Lobes to +/-4mm long, -1mm broad, acute, linear, with punctate glands externally (use a lens to see). Stamens 5, adnate at the middle of the corolla tube. Filaments white, glabrous, -2mm long. Anthers brown, connate around the style, 3mm long, mostly included. Style white basally, purple in the apical half, glabrous, +/-2cm long total, divided in the apical half, well exserted beyond the corolla. Pappus of purplish plumose bristles to +/-9mm long, uniseriate. The shaft of the bristle is purple the plumose hairs are white. Achene in flower ribbed, +/-5mm long, +/-1.2mm broad, antrorse pubescent.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Rocky and dry open woods, glades, rocky prairies, bluff ledges.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species can be found in much of Missouri but is apparently absent from the bootheel portion of the state as well as the loess-rich northwest corner of the state.
L. squarrosa is easily recognized in the field by its grass-like leaves, squarrose phyllaries, and habitat. The pubescence of the stem, leaves, and involucre is variable in this species and different varieties exist. I won't go the varieties here but to see what typical plants look like in the southeastern U.S., click here.
Stems - To +60cm tall, erect, simple, single or multiple from a corm, herbaceous, glabrous to pilose (the hairs multicellular), terete, typically light green with darker vertical lines.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, linear and grasslike, scabrous or not, glabrous to strigose hairy, entire, reduced upward, to +20cm long, 4-12mm broad. Veins of the leaves appearing parallel. Hairs multicellular as on the stem.
Inflorescence - Single, sessile flowerheads in the leaf axils.
Involucre - To +/-1.8cm long (tall), +/-7mm in diameter, cylindric or slightly wider near the base. Phyllaries imbricate, the longest to -1.5cm long, 2-4mm broad, glabrous to pubescent externally, glabrous internally, with ciliate margins apically, abruptly short acuminate to acuminate at the apex, often dark purple at the apex in strong sun. The apices of the phyllaries somewhat to greatly spreading (depending on the variety).
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - 10-60 per flowerhead. Corolla green basally, purplish in the apical half, 5-lobed, to 1.4cm long (including the lobes), glabrous externally, pubescent internally. Lobes to +/-4mm long, -1mm broad, acute, linear, with punctate glands externally (use a lens to see). Stamens 5, adnate at the middle of the corolla tube. Filaments white, glabrous, -2mm long. Anthers brown, connate around the style, 3mm long, mostly included. Style white basally, purple in the apical half, glabrous, +/-2cm long total, divided in the apical half, well exserted beyond the corolla. Pappus of purplish plumose bristles to +/-9mm long, uniseriate. The shaft of the bristle is purple the plumose hairs are white. Achene in flower ribbed, +/-5mm long, +/-1.2mm broad, antrorse pubescent.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Rocky and dry open woods, glades, rocky prairies, bluff ledges.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species can be found in much of Missouri but is apparently absent from the bootheel portion of the state as well as the loess-rich northwest corner of the state.
L. squarrosa is easily recognized in the field by its grass-like leaves, squarrose phyllaries, and habitat. The pubescence of the stem, leaves, and involucre is variable in this species and different varieties exist. I won't go the varieties here but to see what typical plants look like in the southeastern U.S., click here.
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