文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Euphorbiaceae
Stems - To 5m tall, glabrous, glaucous, suffrutescent (with age) or entirely herbaceous, branching, reddish, greenish, or purplish.
Leaves - Alternate, peltate, long petiolate, palmately 5 to 7 lobed, toothed, glabrous, to +30cm broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary racemes or loose panicles to +50cm tall, on thick peduncle.
Staminate Flowers - At base or lower portion of inflorescence, apetalous, pedicillate. Calyx typically 5-parted, reflexed. Stamens many, the filaments branching. Anthers yellow.
Pistillate Flowers - Capsules red, green or purple, covered with dense spines, +1.5cm in diameter, 3-seeded. Seeds mottled with copper, black, and bronze colors. Styles 3, red.
Flowering - August - November.
Habitat - Mostly cultivated. Also escaped to roadsides, railroads, waste ground, disturbed sites.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This plant is the source of castor beans (used in ornamentation) and castor oil(pressed from the seeds). The plant is also more toxic than any other plant to humans. The seed cake which is left over after pressing contains a protein toxin known as Ricin which replaces a vital enzyme in cellular metabolism causing the shutdown of protein synthesis in the body. No protein - no life. The toxin contains an alpha section, which causes the cell shutdown, and a beta section which carries the molecule across the cell membrane.
Ricin has been used for assassinations, and has been experimented with for biological warfare. The LD 50 of Ricin is around 1/1000000 of the animals weight. It is VERY toxic. Pests which feed on the plant are usually killed.
The entire plant is toxic, but the seeds more than any other part.
The plant is, however, very striking in cultivation and many horticultural varieties exist. The typical species is mostly a green plant but I have found that the red form is very common in Missouri so I placed the plant in the red flowers section of this site.
The name Ricinus communis means "common tick" because the seeds resemble ticks.
Red variety photos taken at Powell Gardens, 9-2-99. Typical species photos taken off Cypress Gardens Blvd., Winter Haven, FL., 3-26-00.
Stems - To 5m tall, glabrous, glaucous, suffrutescent (with age) or entirely herbaceous, branching, reddish, greenish, or purplish.
Leaves - Alternate, peltate, long petiolate, palmately 5 to 7 lobed, toothed, glabrous, to +30cm broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary racemes or loose panicles to +50cm tall, on thick peduncle.
Staminate Flowers - At base or lower portion of inflorescence, apetalous, pedicillate. Calyx typically 5-parted, reflexed. Stamens many, the filaments branching. Anthers yellow.
Pistillate Flowers - Capsules red, green or purple, covered with dense spines, +1.5cm in diameter, 3-seeded. Seeds mottled with copper, black, and bronze colors. Styles 3, red.
Flowering - August - November.
Habitat - Mostly cultivated. Also escaped to roadsides, railroads, waste ground, disturbed sites.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This plant is the source of castor beans (used in ornamentation) and castor oil(pressed from the seeds). The plant is also more toxic than any other plant to humans. The seed cake which is left over after pressing contains a protein toxin known as Ricin which replaces a vital enzyme in cellular metabolism causing the shutdown of protein synthesis in the body. No protein - no life. The toxin contains an alpha section, which causes the cell shutdown, and a beta section which carries the molecule across the cell membrane.
Ricin has been used for assassinations, and has been experimented with for biological warfare. The LD 50 of Ricin is around 1/1000000 of the animals weight. It is VERY toxic. Pests which feed on the plant are usually killed.
The entire plant is toxic, but the seeds more than any other part.
The plant is, however, very striking in cultivation and many horticultural varieties exist. The typical species is mostly a green plant but I have found that the red form is very common in Missouri so I placed the plant in the red flowers section of this site.
The name Ricinus communis means "common tick" because the seeds resemble ticks.
Red variety photos taken at Powell Gardens, 9-2-99. Typical species photos taken off Cypress Gardens Blvd., Winter Haven, FL., 3-26-00.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Polygonaceae
Stems - Thin, herbaceous, from fibrous roots, erect to reclining, to +40cm tall, reddish with age.
Leaves - Alternate, short-petiolate, lanceolate to rhombic, to 8cm long, 2cm wide, mostly glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Ocrea fringed with long cilia. Cilia equaling or longer than ocrea.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal racemes, sometimes branching into a loose panicle. The clusters 2-3cm long (tall), -1cm wide (thick), dense. Bracts subtending flowers with ciliate margins, the cilia equaling or typically longer than the flowers.
Flowers - Perianth parts 5, reddish to pinkish-rose or with some white, 2-3mm long, smooth to rugose. Stamens and styles included within perianth. Achenes 3-sided, to 2.5mm long, black.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Moist ground, disturbed sites, waste ground, ditches, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S. and Asia.
Other info. - Most of the smaller plants of this genus look very similar. Species can usually be identified by the cilia (or lack of) on the ocrea and the bracts subtending the flowers. Stem pubescence and leaf shape are other determining factors. This species is a bit easier to tell because of its red clusters of small flowers, which have the long cilia.
Many plants of this genus are mildly toxic and cause a smarting sensation (= burning) when chewed.
Stems - Thin, herbaceous, from fibrous roots, erect to reclining, to +40cm tall, reddish with age.
Leaves - Alternate, short-petiolate, lanceolate to rhombic, to 8cm long, 2cm wide, mostly glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Ocrea fringed with long cilia. Cilia equaling or longer than ocrea.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal racemes, sometimes branching into a loose panicle. The clusters 2-3cm long (tall), -1cm wide (thick), dense. Bracts subtending flowers with ciliate margins, the cilia equaling or typically longer than the flowers.
Flowers - Perianth parts 5, reddish to pinkish-rose or with some white, 2-3mm long, smooth to rugose. Stamens and styles included within perianth. Achenes 3-sided, to 2.5mm long, black.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Moist ground, disturbed sites, waste ground, ditches, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S. and Asia.
Other info. - Most of the smaller plants of this genus look very similar. Species can usually be identified by the cilia (or lack of) on the ocrea and the bracts subtending the flowers. Stem pubescence and leaf shape are other determining factors. This species is a bit easier to tell because of its red clusters of small flowers, which have the long cilia.
Many plants of this genus are mildly toxic and cause a smarting sensation (= burning) when chewed.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Papaveraceae
Stems - From a big taproot, with white to yellow milky sap, multiple from the base, erect, herbaceous, branching, terete, typically green with some purple at the base, to +/-50cm tall, hispid (the hairs with pustulate bases), scabrous.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, sessile above, pinnately divided. Petioles of the lower leaves to +5cm long, with a deep "U"-shaped adaxial groove (the groove formed by decurrent leaf tissue). Upper leaves sessile. All leaves with the divisions serrate, acute, hispid on both surfaces, to +1cm broad, serrate. Serrations of the leaves with spine tips to 2mm long. The terminal division larger than the lateral divisions. Rachis of the leaves scabrous and hispid.
Inflorescence - Single long-pedunculate flowers from the upper leaf axils. Peduncles to +30cm long, terete, hispid, scabrous, erect.
Flowers - Petals 4-6, scarlet with a white to typically black splotch at the base, glabrous, reniform to broadly obovate, to 5cm long, 8cm broad. Stamens many, from below and exceeding the pistil, ascending. Filaments thin, black (purple at the base), glabrous, to 1.7cm long. Anthers yellow-brown, +/-2mm long, +1mm broad. Ovary green, glaucous, obconic, glabrous, about 1cm long, +/-7mm in diameter in flower, quickly expanding in fruit. Stigma capitate, brownish-red, as many as the carpels and variable, radiating from the center as the spokes in a wheel. Sepals 2, caducous, 3cm long, elliptic, densely papillose-hispid (the hairs reddish and antrorse), glabrous internally, with a nipple-like apex.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Cultivated and escaped to fields, roadsides, and waste ground. Also planted along roadsides.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This attractive species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is fairly uncommon in the wild. There are a few different red-flowered species of poppy which are cultivated and the differences between them are usually fairly minute. P. rhoeas is the most common of these species.
Stems - From a big taproot, with white to yellow milky sap, multiple from the base, erect, herbaceous, branching, terete, typically green with some purple at the base, to +/-50cm tall, hispid (the hairs with pustulate bases), scabrous.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, sessile above, pinnately divided. Petioles of the lower leaves to +5cm long, with a deep "U"-shaped adaxial groove (the groove formed by decurrent leaf tissue). Upper leaves sessile. All leaves with the divisions serrate, acute, hispid on both surfaces, to +1cm broad, serrate. Serrations of the leaves with spine tips to 2mm long. The terminal division larger than the lateral divisions. Rachis of the leaves scabrous and hispid.
Inflorescence - Single long-pedunculate flowers from the upper leaf axils. Peduncles to +30cm long, terete, hispid, scabrous, erect.
Flowers - Petals 4-6, scarlet with a white to typically black splotch at the base, glabrous, reniform to broadly obovate, to 5cm long, 8cm broad. Stamens many, from below and exceeding the pistil, ascending. Filaments thin, black (purple at the base), glabrous, to 1.7cm long. Anthers yellow-brown, +/-2mm long, +1mm broad. Ovary green, glaucous, obconic, glabrous, about 1cm long, +/-7mm in diameter in flower, quickly expanding in fruit. Stigma capitate, brownish-red, as many as the carpels and variable, radiating from the center as the spokes in a wheel. Sepals 2, caducous, 3cm long, elliptic, densely papillose-hispid (the hairs reddish and antrorse), glabrous internally, with a nipple-like apex.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Cultivated and escaped to fields, roadsides, and waste ground. Also planted along roadsides.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This attractive species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is fairly uncommon in the wild. There are a few different red-flowered species of poppy which are cultivated and the differences between them are usually fairly minute. P. rhoeas is the most common of these species.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Campanulaceae
Stems - To 1.2m tall, simple to branching above, glabrous to puberulent or retrorse strigose, carinate above, angled, purplish-green, herbaceous, with milky sap.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile above, petiolate below, reduced upward and at base. Petioles to +1cm long. Blades lanceolate to oblanceolate, typically glabrous to sparse hirsute or strigose, serrulate to denticulate, to 20cm long, 5cm wide, acute to acuminate. Margins often sinuous.
Inflorescence - A terminal raceme to 70cm long(tall). Each flower subtended by single foliaceous bract (reduced leaf). Pedicels to 5mm, puberulent to strigose.
Flowers - Corolla deep red (scarlet, crimson, vermilion), to +4cm long, resupinate, tubular, 5-lobed, fenestrate, glabrous to puberulent externally and internally. Stamens 5. Filaments red, united into a tube to +3cm long and surrounding style. Stigma 2-lobed. Calyx campanulate, small at anthesis but quickly enlarging to 1.5cm long, 5-lobed, 10-ribbed, greenish-purple, puberulent to strigose. Lobes up to 2.5cm long, +/-2mm broad, linear-attenuate.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Wet ground, lake margins, streambanks, ditches.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is one of the most striking species of the genus Lobelia. The deep red flowers are easily noticed near bodies of water and in wet areas.
Steyermark lists three forms of the plant based on flower color. Form cardinalis (shown above) has deep red flowers and is the most common. Form alba has white flowers. Lastly, form rosea has rose or pinkish flowers.
Stems - To 1.2m tall, simple to branching above, glabrous to puberulent or retrorse strigose, carinate above, angled, purplish-green, herbaceous, with milky sap.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile above, petiolate below, reduced upward and at base. Petioles to +1cm long. Blades lanceolate to oblanceolate, typically glabrous to sparse hirsute or strigose, serrulate to denticulate, to 20cm long, 5cm wide, acute to acuminate. Margins often sinuous.
Inflorescence - A terminal raceme to 70cm long(tall). Each flower subtended by single foliaceous bract (reduced leaf). Pedicels to 5mm, puberulent to strigose.
Flowers - Corolla deep red (scarlet, crimson, vermilion), to +4cm long, resupinate, tubular, 5-lobed, fenestrate, glabrous to puberulent externally and internally. Stamens 5. Filaments red, united into a tube to +3cm long and surrounding style. Stigma 2-lobed. Calyx campanulate, small at anthesis but quickly enlarging to 1.5cm long, 5-lobed, 10-ribbed, greenish-purple, puberulent to strigose. Lobes up to 2.5cm long, +/-2mm broad, linear-attenuate.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Wet ground, lake margins, streambanks, ditches.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is one of the most striking species of the genus Lobelia. The deep red flowers are easily noticed near bodies of water and in wet areas.
Steyermark lists three forms of the plant based on flower color. Form cardinalis (shown above) has deep red flowers and is the most common. Form alba has white flowers. Lastly, form rosea has rose or pinkish flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Convolvulaceae
Stems - Vining, twining, twisting, herbaceous, glabrous to sparsely pubescent at the nodes, to 3m long, angled.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +6cm long, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, with an adaxial groove. Blades cordate, ovate, acute to acuminate, entire to coarsely toothed, to 10cm long, 6cm broad, typically glabrous but with papillose hairs near the base by the petiole.
Inflorescence - Axillary, cymose clusters of +/- 8 flowers on long peduncle. Peduncle to +/-9cm long, glabrous, angled, twisted. Pedicels to +/-1.5cm long, glabrous. A pair of bracts of opposing bracts subtending each division of inflorescence. Bracts to 3mm long, 1mm broad, acuminate, glabrous, reduced upwards.
Flowers - Corolla salverform, to -3cm long, red and orange red. Expanded limb to 2cm broad, red on the margins, orange internally, glabrous. Tube orange, glabrous internally and externally. Stamens 5, exserted, adnate about 6mm above the base of the corolla tube. Filaments whitish-orange, glabrous but with retrorse papillose glands near the base. Anthers yellow, 1.2mm long. Style 1, exserted beyond stamens, white, glabrous. Ovary superior, yellowish, glabrous, 4-locular, 4-seeded, 1.3mm long, 1mm in diameter. Placentation axile. Ovary subtended by whitish nectary. Stigma globose, tuberculate-papillose, white, 1.3mm in diameter. Sepals 5, distinct, aristate. Base of sepals unequal, expanded, 3-4mm long, +2mm broad. Arista to 4mm long, slightly bulbous at base. Calyx accrescent.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Low, moist ground, stream banks, thickets, waste ground, disturbed sites, railroads, roadsides.
Origin - Native to tropical America.
Other info. - This vine produces small yet striking flowers which are like a beacon to butterflies. The plant can be aggressive if given the right conditions. It is a fairly common species in the habitats mentioned above and is found mostly in the southern half of Missouri.
Stems - Vining, twining, twisting, herbaceous, glabrous to sparsely pubescent at the nodes, to 3m long, angled.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +6cm long, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, with an adaxial groove. Blades cordate, ovate, acute to acuminate, entire to coarsely toothed, to 10cm long, 6cm broad, typically glabrous but with papillose hairs near the base by the petiole.
Inflorescence - Axillary, cymose clusters of +/- 8 flowers on long peduncle. Peduncle to +/-9cm long, glabrous, angled, twisted. Pedicels to +/-1.5cm long, glabrous. A pair of bracts of opposing bracts subtending each division of inflorescence. Bracts to 3mm long, 1mm broad, acuminate, glabrous, reduced upwards.
Flowers - Corolla salverform, to -3cm long, red and orange red. Expanded limb to 2cm broad, red on the margins, orange internally, glabrous. Tube orange, glabrous internally and externally. Stamens 5, exserted, adnate about 6mm above the base of the corolla tube. Filaments whitish-orange, glabrous but with retrorse papillose glands near the base. Anthers yellow, 1.2mm long. Style 1, exserted beyond stamens, white, glabrous. Ovary superior, yellowish, glabrous, 4-locular, 4-seeded, 1.3mm long, 1mm in diameter. Placentation axile. Ovary subtended by whitish nectary. Stigma globose, tuberculate-papillose, white, 1.3mm in diameter. Sepals 5, distinct, aristate. Base of sepals unequal, expanded, 3-4mm long, +2mm broad. Arista to 4mm long, slightly bulbous at base. Calyx accrescent.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Low, moist ground, stream banks, thickets, waste ground, disturbed sites, railroads, roadsides.
Origin - Native to tropical America.
Other info. - This vine produces small yet striking flowers which are like a beacon to butterflies. The plant can be aggressive if given the right conditions. It is a fairly common species in the habitats mentioned above and is found mostly in the southern half of Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Balsaminaceae
Stems - To 1.5m tall, branching above, erect, herbaceous, easily broken, succulent, glabrous, somewhat glaucous, hollow when larger.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petiole to +/-5cm long, glabrous. Blade ovate to elliptic, shallow serrate, to 10cm long, +/-5cm broad, somewhat glaucous. Teeth of blade with whitish mucro at apex.
Inflorescence - Clusters of 1-3 pedicillate flowers from leaf axils. Pedicels to 3cm long, sometimes with one or two small scale-like bracts.
Flowers - Petals 5, appearing as only 3 petals because of the union of the lateral petals, orange-yellow. Sepals 3, orange-yellow. Larger sepal with spur to +1mm long. Stamens 5, connate around stigma. Pistil 1. Ovary 5-locular. Capsules exploding(elastically dehiscent) when touched, to 3cm long, 1cm wide.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Moist ground, low woods, slopes, stream banks, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Everyone loves to play with the elastically dehiscent seed pods of this plant and it's relative I. pallida Nutt. The pods give a little "pop" when touched, and the seeds fly a pretty good distance. The stems of the plant are easily broken and contain a highly mucilaginous fluid which is supposed to remedy skin irritations caused by other plants. How convenient that this species shares the same habitat as the "Stinging Nettles" (Urtica and Laportea).
In case you're wondering, this is the same genus as the common cultivated Impatiens seen at nearly every garden shop. Few people notice that the flowers of those plants are also spurred like I. capensis.
Stems - To 1.5m tall, branching above, erect, herbaceous, easily broken, succulent, glabrous, somewhat glaucous, hollow when larger.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petiole to +/-5cm long, glabrous. Blade ovate to elliptic, shallow serrate, to 10cm long, +/-5cm broad, somewhat glaucous. Teeth of blade with whitish mucro at apex.
Inflorescence - Clusters of 1-3 pedicillate flowers from leaf axils. Pedicels to 3cm long, sometimes with one or two small scale-like bracts.
Flowers - Petals 5, appearing as only 3 petals because of the union of the lateral petals, orange-yellow. Sepals 3, orange-yellow. Larger sepal with spur to +1mm long. Stamens 5, connate around stigma. Pistil 1. Ovary 5-locular. Capsules exploding(elastically dehiscent) when touched, to 3cm long, 1cm wide.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Moist ground, low woods, slopes, stream banks, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Everyone loves to play with the elastically dehiscent seed pods of this plant and it's relative I. pallida Nutt. The pods give a little "pop" when touched, and the seeds fly a pretty good distance. The stems of the plant are easily broken and contain a highly mucilaginous fluid which is supposed to remedy skin irritations caused by other plants. How convenient that this species shares the same habitat as the "Stinging Nettles" (Urtica and Laportea).
In case you're wondering, this is the same genus as the common cultivated Impatiens seen at nearly every garden shop. Few people notice that the flowers of those plants are also spurred like I. capensis.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - Aerial stems to 1.5m tall, simple, green, glabrous, herbaceous, erect, terete.
Leaves - Alternate, basal, to 1m long, 3cm wide, glabrous, entire, linear. Leaves of the upper stem reduced to small bracts.
Inflorescence - Terminal, paired panicles.
Flowers - Perianth red-orange with yellowish base and light midrib, recurved, to +12cm long and broad, joined at base into short tube. Petals 3. Sepals 3, slightly smaller than petals. Stamens 6. Style 1.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Mostly cultivated. Also found along roadsides.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This is the species from which hundreds to thousands of cultivars have been grown. Luckily the cultivated plants are sterile but they do spread by means of underground stolons and form large colonies.
This plant is extremely common on roadsides and in cultivation.
The flowers and roots are edible. Don't eat the mature leaves and stems, you'll be sorry.
"Fulva" means "orange-yellow" in Latin.
Stems - Aerial stems to 1.5m tall, simple, green, glabrous, herbaceous, erect, terete.
Leaves - Alternate, basal, to 1m long, 3cm wide, glabrous, entire, linear. Leaves of the upper stem reduced to small bracts.
Inflorescence - Terminal, paired panicles.
Flowers - Perianth red-orange with yellowish base and light midrib, recurved, to +12cm long and broad, joined at base into short tube. Petals 3. Sepals 3, slightly smaller than petals. Stamens 6. Style 1.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Mostly cultivated. Also found along roadsides.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This is the species from which hundreds to thousands of cultivars have been grown. Luckily the cultivated plants are sterile but they do spread by means of underground stolons and form large colonies.
This plant is extremely common on roadsides and in cultivation.
The flowers and roots are edible. Don't eat the mature leaves and stems, you'll be sorry.
"Fulva" means "orange-yellow" in Latin.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To 60cm tall, branching, densely pubescent (villous), herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, to 7.5cm long, 3cm broad, lanceolate to oblong, sessile or short-petiolate, entire or somewhat toothed or lobed below, appressed pubescent, somewhat scabrous.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating stem.
Ray flowers - Ligule to to 2cm long, mostly reddish with a yellowish, 3-lobed apex, sometimes completely yellow.
Disk flowers - Corolla reddish. Pappus of awn tipped scales. Achenes 2mm long, pubescent. Receptacle with chaff longer than achenes.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Prairies, pastures, roadsides, railroads. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a common and easily recognized plant. It is also popular in cultivation. Rarely the ray flowers are absent so the head will consist of just disk flowers and will be more globose in shape.
Stems - To 60cm tall, branching, densely pubescent (villous), herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, to 7.5cm long, 3cm broad, lanceolate to oblong, sessile or short-petiolate, entire or somewhat toothed or lobed below, appressed pubescent, somewhat scabrous.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating stem.
Ray flowers - Ligule to to 2cm long, mostly reddish with a yellowish, 3-lobed apex, sometimes completely yellow.
Disk flowers - Corolla reddish. Pappus of awn tipped scales. Achenes 2mm long, pubescent. Receptacle with chaff longer than achenes.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Prairies, pastures, roadsides, railroads. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a common and easily recognized plant. It is also popular in cultivation. Rarely the ray flowers are absent so the head will consist of just disk flowers and will be more globose in shape.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Rosaceae
Stems - Woody, multiple from base, suckering, erect to reclining or clambering, to +2m tall, glabrous, terete, often terminating with a thick thorn.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile to short petiolate, stipulate. Stipules large, foliaceous. Petioles to 5mm long. Blade obovate to elliptic-ovate or oblong, tapering to base, shiny green above, dull grey-green below, obtuse to acute, crenulate, to +/-7cm long, +/-4cm broad.
Inflorescence - Flowers appearing just before or with new seasons leaves. Flowers axillary on previous seasons buds.
Flowers - Corolla rotate, 3.5-4cm broad. Petals 5, free, clawed, glabrous, suborbicular, to 1.6cm in diameter, typically pinkish-rose but also white or red. Stamens +40, in few whorls. Filaments glabrous, +1cm long. Anthers 1-2mm long, yellow. Styles 5, slightly thickened below stigmas. Ovary inferior, 5-locular. Placentation axile. Hypanthium campanulate, constricted at base, -8mm in diameter, 7mm long (tall), pinkish-rose to greenish-pink, glabrous. Sepals 5, alternating with petals, 5-6mm long, 4-5mm broad, obtuse at apex. Pome ellipsoid to ovoid or pyriform, to +6cm long, greenish-purple, bitter in flavor.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This is a very popular plant in cultivation in Missouri and elsewhere. The common name is "Flowering Quince" but true Quince is a different plant, Cydonia oblonga Miller. (Rosaceae).
The fruit of C. lagenaria is edible but it is very bitter. The fruit gets more medicinal use than culinary use as it is believed to cure many ailments.
The flowers of this species are typically pinkish-rose but the purely red form, form rubra, is very common also. There is also a white form called - "Snow" and I will post pictures of it in the "White Flowers Alternate" section of this website.
A synonym for the species is C. speciosa (Sweet) Nakai.
Stems - Woody, multiple from base, suckering, erect to reclining or clambering, to +2m tall, glabrous, terete, often terminating with a thick thorn.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile to short petiolate, stipulate. Stipules large, foliaceous. Petioles to 5mm long. Blade obovate to elliptic-ovate or oblong, tapering to base, shiny green above, dull grey-green below, obtuse to acute, crenulate, to +/-7cm long, +/-4cm broad.
Inflorescence - Flowers appearing just before or with new seasons leaves. Flowers axillary on previous seasons buds.
Flowers - Corolla rotate, 3.5-4cm broad. Petals 5, free, clawed, glabrous, suborbicular, to 1.6cm in diameter, typically pinkish-rose but also white or red. Stamens +40, in few whorls. Filaments glabrous, +1cm long. Anthers 1-2mm long, yellow. Styles 5, slightly thickened below stigmas. Ovary inferior, 5-locular. Placentation axile. Hypanthium campanulate, constricted at base, -8mm in diameter, 7mm long (tall), pinkish-rose to greenish-pink, glabrous. Sepals 5, alternating with petals, 5-6mm long, 4-5mm broad, obtuse at apex. Pome ellipsoid to ovoid or pyriform, to +6cm long, greenish-purple, bitter in flavor.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This is a very popular plant in cultivation in Missouri and elsewhere. The common name is "Flowering Quince" but true Quince is a different plant, Cydonia oblonga Miller. (Rosaceae).
The fruit of C. lagenaria is edible but it is very bitter. The fruit gets more medicinal use than culinary use as it is believed to cure many ailments.
The flowers of this species are typically pinkish-rose but the purely red form, form rubra, is very common also. There is also a white form called - "Snow" and I will post pictures of it in the "White Flowers Alternate" section of this website.
A synonym for the species is C. speciosa (Sweet) Nakai.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Scrophulariaceae
Stems - To +40cm tall, simple or branching above, multiple from slightly thickened roots, purple, hollow, hirsute.
Leaves - Basal leaves in rosette, oblanceolate, to +10cm long, +2cm broad. Cauline leaves to +10cm long, +1cm broad, linear-lanceolate, with prominent parallel venation, pubescent on veins below, pubescent above, sessile, reduced upward, three-lobed. Lobes linear. Central lobe more broad and long than lateral lobes.
Inflorescence - Compact spikes, elongating in fruit. Flowers subtended by colored foliaceous bracts.
Flowers - Calyx tubular, to +2cm long, +/-5mm in diameter, pilose in lower half near base, pubescent in upper half near apex, laterally two lobed, colored at apex, pubescent internally. Lobes about 1/3 the length of calyx, truncate at apex. Corolla not showy, tubular, bilabiate, to +2.5cm long, longer than calyx. Upper lip galeate. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate about middle of corolla tube, included in galea. Style filiform, to +2.5cm long, glabrous, exserted. Stigma somewhat biglobose. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, 4-5mm long, 2mm in diameter. Locules 2. Placentation axile. Septum with protrusion into locule, seeds (ovules) many. Capsule to 1cm long.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Pastures, prairies, wet meadows, glades, open woods, thickets, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - It's hard not to notice the brilliant splash of colors these plants produce in the spring. The brilliant calyx and bract serve to draw attention to an otherwise dull corolla. Many insects are attracted to the plant.
Steyermark lists two forms based on calyx and bract color. Form coccinea, shown above, has reddish coloration and is more common. Form lutescens Farw. has yellow or cream coloration. Here it is:
Stems - To +40cm tall, simple or branching above, multiple from slightly thickened roots, purple, hollow, hirsute.
Leaves - Basal leaves in rosette, oblanceolate, to +10cm long, +2cm broad. Cauline leaves to +10cm long, +1cm broad, linear-lanceolate, with prominent parallel venation, pubescent on veins below, pubescent above, sessile, reduced upward, three-lobed. Lobes linear. Central lobe more broad and long than lateral lobes.
Inflorescence - Compact spikes, elongating in fruit. Flowers subtended by colored foliaceous bracts.
Flowers - Calyx tubular, to +2cm long, +/-5mm in diameter, pilose in lower half near base, pubescent in upper half near apex, laterally two lobed, colored at apex, pubescent internally. Lobes about 1/3 the length of calyx, truncate at apex. Corolla not showy, tubular, bilabiate, to +2.5cm long, longer than calyx. Upper lip galeate. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate about middle of corolla tube, included in galea. Style filiform, to +2.5cm long, glabrous, exserted. Stigma somewhat biglobose. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, 4-5mm long, 2mm in diameter. Locules 2. Placentation axile. Septum with protrusion into locule, seeds (ovules) many. Capsule to 1cm long.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Pastures, prairies, wet meadows, glades, open woods, thickets, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - It's hard not to notice the brilliant splash of colors these plants produce in the spring. The brilliant calyx and bract serve to draw attention to an otherwise dull corolla. Many insects are attracted to the plant.
Steyermark lists two forms based on calyx and bract color. Form coccinea, shown above, has reddish coloration and is more common. Form lutescens Farw. has yellow or cream coloration. Here it is:
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Cannaceae
Stems - To +120cm tall, herbaceous, glabrous, sometimes glaucous, from thick, stout rhizomes.
Leaves - Alternate, with sheathing petioles, oval, elliptic or oblong, green, purple, bronze or combinations of the three, to 60cm long.
Inflorescence - Terminal panicle with a variable number of flowers.
Flowers - Corolla typically red, orange, yellow, or combinations of the three, to 7.5cm long. Petals 3. Stamen single. Sepals colored similar to petals.
Flowering - July - November.
Habitat - Cultivated in rich, moist soil.
Origin - Most cultivated plants are native to tropical America.
Other info. - Most of the cultivated plants seen are cultivars of Canna x generalis (around 14 I think), but other species are cultivated widely.
The plants vary greatly in size and color. Some smaller plants are grown from seed while the larger plants are typically grown by planting the rhizome in early spring.
Stems - To +120cm tall, herbaceous, glabrous, sometimes glaucous, from thick, stout rhizomes.
Leaves - Alternate, with sheathing petioles, oval, elliptic or oblong, green, purple, bronze or combinations of the three, to 60cm long.
Inflorescence - Terminal panicle with a variable number of flowers.
Flowers - Corolla typically red, orange, yellow, or combinations of the three, to 7.5cm long. Petals 3. Stamen single. Sepals colored similar to petals.
Flowering - July - November.
Habitat - Cultivated in rich, moist soil.
Origin - Most cultivated plants are native to tropical America.
Other info. - Most of the cultivated plants seen are cultivars of Canna x generalis (around 14 I think), but other species are cultivated widely.
The plants vary greatly in size and color. Some smaller plants are grown from seed while the larger plants are typically grown by planting the rhizome in early spring.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Asclepiadaceae
Stems - To +/-60cm tall, erect or ascending, herbaceous, hirsute and also with vertical lines of hairs from leaf bases, (the hairs small and curled), typically simple but branching near apex, from a woody crown.
Leaves - Mostly alternate but sometimes opposite by inflorescence, dense on the stems, short-petiolate. Petioles to 3mm long. Blades linear-oblong to linear-lanceolate, entire, acute, truncate at the base, often with slightly revolute margins, pubescent above, more so below, green above, lighter green below, to 10cm long, +/-2.5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary umbellate cymes with +/-25 flowers. Pedicels subtended by linear bracts to 1cm long, 1.2mm broad. Pedicels +/-2cm long, with antrorse pubescence, light green.
Flowers - Petals 5, orange, reflexed, 8-9mm long, 2.2mm broad, glabrous, acute. Hoods orange, glabrous, 5-6mm long, 1.5mm broad, distinct. Horns to 3mm long, orange. Column 3mm long(tall), greenish. Pollinia 2mm long, translator deep purple. Pistils 2, 2.1mm long, with a few antrorse hairs at apex. Follicles erect, to 15cm long, 1.5cm wide, pubescent. Seeds oval, to +5mm long, with coma.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, open woods, disturbed sites, waste ground, roadsides, railroads. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is used much by gardeners wishing to attract butterflies to the area. The flowers produced copious amounts of nectar and the plant itself is eaten by the larva of Monarchs (Danaus plexippus) which indeed belong to the group of butterflies known as the "Milkweed Butterflies", family Danaidae. The butterflies store the cardiac glycosides produced by the plant and hence become distasteful and even dangerous to predators.
Asclepias tuberosa is the only species of the genus in Missouri not to have the milky white juice so commonly associated with the genus.
The subspecies most commonly found in this state is subsp. interior Woods., pictured above, which has leaves which are mostly cordate at the base. This subspecies has two forms. The red-flowered from (shown above) is form interior. Form lutea has yellow flowers and is rare in the state. This striking form is shown below:
Stems - To +/-60cm tall, erect or ascending, herbaceous, hirsute and also with vertical lines of hairs from leaf bases, (the hairs small and curled), typically simple but branching near apex, from a woody crown.
Leaves - Mostly alternate but sometimes opposite by inflorescence, dense on the stems, short-petiolate. Petioles to 3mm long. Blades linear-oblong to linear-lanceolate, entire, acute, truncate at the base, often with slightly revolute margins, pubescent above, more so below, green above, lighter green below, to 10cm long, +/-2.5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary umbellate cymes with +/-25 flowers. Pedicels subtended by linear bracts to 1cm long, 1.2mm broad. Pedicels +/-2cm long, with antrorse pubescence, light green.
Flowers - Petals 5, orange, reflexed, 8-9mm long, 2.2mm broad, glabrous, acute. Hoods orange, glabrous, 5-6mm long, 1.5mm broad, distinct. Horns to 3mm long, orange. Column 3mm long(tall), greenish. Pollinia 2mm long, translator deep purple. Pistils 2, 2.1mm long, with a few antrorse hairs at apex. Follicles erect, to 15cm long, 1.5cm wide, pubescent. Seeds oval, to +5mm long, with coma.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, open woods, disturbed sites, waste ground, roadsides, railroads. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is used much by gardeners wishing to attract butterflies to the area. The flowers produced copious amounts of nectar and the plant itself is eaten by the larva of Monarchs (Danaus plexippus) which indeed belong to the group of butterflies known as the "Milkweed Butterflies", family Danaidae. The butterflies store the cardiac glycosides produced by the plant and hence become distasteful and even dangerous to predators.
Asclepias tuberosa is the only species of the genus in Missouri not to have the milky white juice so commonly associated with the genus.
The subspecies most commonly found in this state is subsp. interior Woods., pictured above, which has leaves which are mostly cordate at the base. This subspecies has two forms. The red-flowered from (shown above) is form interior. Form lutea has yellow flowers and is rare in the state. This striking form is shown below:
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Ranunculaceae
Stems - To +60cm tall, multiple from base, branching above, red to green, herbaceous, thin, glabrous to glandular pubescent in upper portions, sparsely pilose below.
Leaves - Basal leaves on long petioles, biternate. Petioles to +10cm long, sparse pilose to glabrous. Cauline leaves becoming sessile above. Leaflets lobed, deep green and glabrous above, glaucous below with some pubescence near base or not. Ultimate divisions obtuse at apex, with main veins coming together at apex forming tiny white tip.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from leaf axils on long peduncles, nodding.
Flowers - Petals 5, spurred, yellowish at tip red for rest of length, +/-4cm long, expanded upper lip to 7mm broad. Sepals 5, reddish, yellow at apex, alternating with petals, to 2cm long, lanceolate. Stamens +20, of different lengths, those closer to pistil longer than outer. Filaments to +1.7cm long, flattened and expanded at base, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 2mm long and broad. Styles to 1.3cm long, filiform, glabrous. Ovaries 4, 5mm long, tomentose, pale yellow-green.
Fruit - Follicles to 3cm long, beaked.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Rocky ledges, rocky slopes, low woods. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The spurs of the petals contain nectaries and are very attractive to insects equipped with long proboscises. This and other species of Aquilegia are highly cultivated and easy to grow.
In Italian "Aquila" means "Eagle" and indeed the genus is so named because of the talon shaped spurs of the petals.
Steyermark lists two forms for the plant in Missouri. Form canadensis, (pictured above), has the typical red and yellow corolla. Form flaviflora (Tenny) Britt. has a corolla which is completely yellow. This form is rare. Some cultivated forms have white or pink corollas and can be double flowered also.
Stems - To +60cm tall, multiple from base, branching above, red to green, herbaceous, thin, glabrous to glandular pubescent in upper portions, sparsely pilose below.
Leaves - Basal leaves on long petioles, biternate. Petioles to +10cm long, sparse pilose to glabrous. Cauline leaves becoming sessile above. Leaflets lobed, deep green and glabrous above, glaucous below with some pubescence near base or not. Ultimate divisions obtuse at apex, with main veins coming together at apex forming tiny white tip.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from leaf axils on long peduncles, nodding.
Flowers - Petals 5, spurred, yellowish at tip red for rest of length, +/-4cm long, expanded upper lip to 7mm broad. Sepals 5, reddish, yellow at apex, alternating with petals, to 2cm long, lanceolate. Stamens +20, of different lengths, those closer to pistil longer than outer. Filaments to +1.7cm long, flattened and expanded at base, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 2mm long and broad. Styles to 1.3cm long, filiform, glabrous. Ovaries 4, 5mm long, tomentose, pale yellow-green.
Fruit - Follicles to 3cm long, beaked.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Rocky ledges, rocky slopes, low woods. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The spurs of the petals contain nectaries and are very attractive to insects equipped with long proboscises. This and other species of Aquilegia are highly cultivated and easy to grow.
In Italian "Aquila" means "Eagle" and indeed the genus is so named because of the talon shaped spurs of the petals.
Steyermark lists two forms for the plant in Missouri. Form canadensis, (pictured above), has the typical red and yellow corolla. Form flaviflora (Tenny) Britt. has a corolla which is completely yellow. This form is rare. Some cultivated forms have white or pink corollas and can be double flowered also.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - Twining, thin, herbaceous, glabrous to appressed pubescent, terete, from rhizomes. Rhizomes often thickened into large tubers to +/-5cm in diameter.
Leaves - Alternate, odd pinnate with 3-7 leaflets, stipulate. Stipules linear, 5-6mm long, pubescent. Petiole thickened at base for 6-7mm, glabrous to sparse appressed pubescent, to +/-6cm long, with adaxial groove. Leaflets on short petiolules to 4mm long. Lateral leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, entire, with some cilia on margins, glabrous above, glabrous to sparse pubescent below, acute to acuminate, to +6cm long, +2.5cm broad. Terminal leaflet more broad than lateral leaflets, on petiolule to 1.5cm long.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate racemes to +/-8cm long. Peduncles typically glabrous, to 5cm long. Pedicels to 4mm in flower, subtended by small pubescent bract, with prominent gland in axil with stem.
Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous. Standard reflexed, deep purplish-maroon internally, lighter externally, whitish at base, 1cm long, 1.1cm broad. Wings deep brownish-purple. Keel lighter than other petals, greatly incurved, apex of keel tucked against the standard. Stamens 10, diadelphous. Stamen tube(connected filaments) white, glabrous. Anthers yellowish, .2mm long. Ovary pale green, 5-6mm long, pubescent. Style coiled as keel petals, white with green at apex, pubescent. Calyx glabrous, tubular, bilabiate. Upper lip with 3 lobes. Central lobe acute, 1.8mm long, with sparse pubescence externally. Lateral two lobes smaller, .6mm long. Lower lip with two shallow lobes. All lobes with minutely lacerate margins. Calyx tube 3mm long, green with some reddish tinge, glabrous internally. Fruit to +/-6cm long, -1cm broad.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Wet meadows, streambanks, pond margins, moist woodlands.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The plants thickened rhizome portions were a big hit amongst the Indians and used by settlers in this area. The rhizomes contain up to 3 times the protein of potatoes and can be boiled, fried, or roasted. The seeds are edible also. The plant is a fast growing perennial and, as stated above, prefers moist areas. I ate some of the rhizomes from this very plant while camping. I must admit, they could have used a little salt.
Stems - Twining, thin, herbaceous, glabrous to appressed pubescent, terete, from rhizomes. Rhizomes often thickened into large tubers to +/-5cm in diameter.
Leaves - Alternate, odd pinnate with 3-7 leaflets, stipulate. Stipules linear, 5-6mm long, pubescent. Petiole thickened at base for 6-7mm, glabrous to sparse appressed pubescent, to +/-6cm long, with adaxial groove. Leaflets on short petiolules to 4mm long. Lateral leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, entire, with some cilia on margins, glabrous above, glabrous to sparse pubescent below, acute to acuminate, to +6cm long, +2.5cm broad. Terminal leaflet more broad than lateral leaflets, on petiolule to 1.5cm long.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate racemes to +/-8cm long. Peduncles typically glabrous, to 5cm long. Pedicels to 4mm in flower, subtended by small pubescent bract, with prominent gland in axil with stem.
Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous. Standard reflexed, deep purplish-maroon internally, lighter externally, whitish at base, 1cm long, 1.1cm broad. Wings deep brownish-purple. Keel lighter than other petals, greatly incurved, apex of keel tucked against the standard. Stamens 10, diadelphous. Stamen tube(connected filaments) white, glabrous. Anthers yellowish, .2mm long. Ovary pale green, 5-6mm long, pubescent. Style coiled as keel petals, white with green at apex, pubescent. Calyx glabrous, tubular, bilabiate. Upper lip with 3 lobes. Central lobe acute, 1.8mm long, with sparse pubescence externally. Lateral two lobes smaller, .6mm long. Lower lip with two shallow lobes. All lobes with minutely lacerate margins. Calyx tube 3mm long, green with some reddish tinge, glabrous internally. Fruit to +/-6cm long, -1cm broad.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Wet meadows, streambanks, pond margins, moist woodlands.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The plants thickened rhizome portions were a big hit amongst the Indians and used by settlers in this area. The rhizomes contain up to 3 times the protein of potatoes and can be boiled, fried, or roasted. The seeds are edible also. The plant is a fast growing perennial and, as stated above, prefers moist areas. I ate some of the rhizomes from this very plant while camping. I must admit, they could have used a little salt.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Family - Caprifoliaceae
Stems - Single or multiple from the base, erect, herbaceous, fistulose, to 1m tall, simple, with short glandular pubescence and longer non-glandular hairs.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile to perfoliate (the lower and middle leaves perfoliate). Blades widest near the apex, acuminate, entire, dull green above, lighter green abaxially, densely short-pubescent abaxially, less pubescent adaxially, to +20cm long, +8cm broad. Veins expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - 1-6 sessile flowers in the leaf axils.
Flowers - Corolla yellowish to reddish-purple, tubular, glandular pubescent externally, mostly glabrous internally, -2cm long, 5-lobed, gibbous at the base with a small reservoir for collecting nectar. Lobes rounded at the apex, 5-6mm long, 5mm broad. Stamens 5, alternating with the corolla lobes, attached along the entire length on the corolla tube, included. Filaments free for half their length (+/-5mm), pubescent, yellow. Anthers yellow, 4-5mm long. Style exserted, to 2cm long, pubescent, whitish to pale yellow. Stigma capitate, 4-lobed, 2-3mm broad. Ovary inferior, 3-4-locular, 3-4-seeded(?). Calyx lobes 5, spreading, linear, glandular and simple pubescent, typically reddish, accrescent, +/-1.5cm long, +/-2mm broad in flower. Calyx tube green, subglobose, densely glandular and simple pubescent, 3mm in diameter in flower, accrescent.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Dry open woods and thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive species can be found throughout Missouri except in the extreme southeastern corner of the state. The plant is quite stout and would make an interesting garden specimen. Many flying insects are attracted to the tubular flowers.
Stems - Single or multiple from the base, erect, herbaceous, fistulose, to 1m tall, simple, with short glandular pubescence and longer non-glandular hairs.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile to perfoliate (the lower and middle leaves perfoliate). Blades widest near the apex, acuminate, entire, dull green above, lighter green abaxially, densely short-pubescent abaxially, less pubescent adaxially, to +20cm long, +8cm broad. Veins expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - 1-6 sessile flowers in the leaf axils.
Flowers - Corolla yellowish to reddish-purple, tubular, glandular pubescent externally, mostly glabrous internally, -2cm long, 5-lobed, gibbous at the base with a small reservoir for collecting nectar. Lobes rounded at the apex, 5-6mm long, 5mm broad. Stamens 5, alternating with the corolla lobes, attached along the entire length on the corolla tube, included. Filaments free for half their length (+/-5mm), pubescent, yellow. Anthers yellow, 4-5mm long. Style exserted, to 2cm long, pubescent, whitish to pale yellow. Stigma capitate, 4-lobed, 2-3mm broad. Ovary inferior, 3-4-locular, 3-4-seeded(?). Calyx lobes 5, spreading, linear, glandular and simple pubescent, typically reddish, accrescent, +/-1.5cm long, +/-2mm broad in flower. Calyx tube green, subglobose, densely glandular and simple pubescent, 3mm in diameter in flower, accrescent.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Dry open woods and thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive species can be found throughout Missouri except in the extreme southeastern corner of the state. The plant is quite stout and would make an interesting garden specimen. Many flying insects are attracted to the tubular flowers.
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