文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Family - Rosaceae
Stems - Tree to 30m tall with a diameter of +/-70cm. Bark silvery when young, becoming dark maroon to deep brown, scaly when young, fissured and blocky when mature. Branches reddish-brown. Twigs pungent when bruised or cut. New season's growth glabrous, green to reddish. Previous season's growth gray-brown with round to oval lenticels and black punctate dots.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-1.5cm long, glabrous. Blades to +10cm long, +4cm broad, deep shiny-green above, light-green below, serrulate, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, acute to abruptly short-acuminate, typically glabrous or with a few floccose hairs in the axils of the veins abaxially, pungent when crushed.
Inflorescence - Terminal racemes on the new season's growth. Racemes to +10cm long, +/-2cm broad. Rachis glabrous to sparse pilose, green. Pedicels glabrous, 3-6mm long, green. Flowers +/-40 per inflorescence.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, spreading, clawed, 3-4mm long (total), borne at the rim of the hypanthium, distinct. The blade cupped, glabrous, orbicular, entire to slightly erose on the margins, +/-3mm broad. Claw 1mm long, glabrous. Stamens -20, of varying lengths, borne at the rim of the hypanthium, exserted. Filaments green-translucent, to 3mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 1mm long, -1mm broad. Style 1. glabrous, green, +/-2mm long, thick. Stigma captiate. Ovary superior, green to purplish, ovoid, +1mm long, 1mm in diameter, glabrous internally and externally, unilocular, with 1 ovule. Hypanthium green, campanulate to cupulate, glabrous, 2-3mm long, +/-2mm in diameter. Sepals 5, small, +/-1mm long, .7mm broad at the base, narrow-triangular, often somewhat pectinate on the margins, erect, glabrous. Fruits globose, to 1cm in diameter, dark-red to purple-black, sweet to bitter in flavor.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Low or upland woods, along streams, thickets, fence rows.
Origin - Native to U.S. and Canada.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri and is quite common. The plant can be identified by its deep green, serrulate leaves which have a pungent odor when crushed. The odor is caused by the glycoside prunasin, which (upon ingestion) converts to hydrocyanic acid. This acid make the leaves poisonous to any grazing animals.
The wood of Black Cherry is one the more sought after woods for furniture making. In the past two decades the use of Black Cherry in all types of furniture has exploded and the majority of the big logs are cut from the northeastern United States. The wood is is tight-grained and easy to work yet hard enough to take everyday abuse. The heartwood ages to a deep red color while the sapwood stays a whitsh-yellow color.
Natives used the inner bark in a tea for coughs, fever, colds, diarrhea, pnuemonia, and to purify the blood. The small fruits were also eaten.
Stems - Tree to 30m tall with a diameter of +/-70cm. Bark silvery when young, becoming dark maroon to deep brown, scaly when young, fissured and blocky when mature. Branches reddish-brown. Twigs pungent when bruised or cut. New season's growth glabrous, green to reddish. Previous season's growth gray-brown with round to oval lenticels and black punctate dots.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-1.5cm long, glabrous. Blades to +10cm long, +4cm broad, deep shiny-green above, light-green below, serrulate, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, acute to abruptly short-acuminate, typically glabrous or with a few floccose hairs in the axils of the veins abaxially, pungent when crushed.
Inflorescence - Terminal racemes on the new season's growth. Racemes to +10cm long, +/-2cm broad. Rachis glabrous to sparse pilose, green. Pedicels glabrous, 3-6mm long, green. Flowers +/-40 per inflorescence.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, spreading, clawed, 3-4mm long (total), borne at the rim of the hypanthium, distinct. The blade cupped, glabrous, orbicular, entire to slightly erose on the margins, +/-3mm broad. Claw 1mm long, glabrous. Stamens -20, of varying lengths, borne at the rim of the hypanthium, exserted. Filaments green-translucent, to 3mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 1mm long, -1mm broad. Style 1. glabrous, green, +/-2mm long, thick. Stigma captiate. Ovary superior, green to purplish, ovoid, +1mm long, 1mm in diameter, glabrous internally and externally, unilocular, with 1 ovule. Hypanthium green, campanulate to cupulate, glabrous, 2-3mm long, +/-2mm in diameter. Sepals 5, small, +/-1mm long, .7mm broad at the base, narrow-triangular, often somewhat pectinate on the margins, erect, glabrous. Fruits globose, to 1cm in diameter, dark-red to purple-black, sweet to bitter in flavor.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Low or upland woods, along streams, thickets, fence rows.
Origin - Native to U.S. and Canada.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri and is quite common. The plant can be identified by its deep green, serrulate leaves which have a pungent odor when crushed. The odor is caused by the glycoside prunasin, which (upon ingestion) converts to hydrocyanic acid. This acid make the leaves poisonous to any grazing animals.
The wood of Black Cherry is one the more sought after woods for furniture making. In the past two decades the use of Black Cherry in all types of furniture has exploded and the majority of the big logs are cut from the northeastern United States. The wood is is tight-grained and easy to work yet hard enough to take everyday abuse. The heartwood ages to a deep red color while the sapwood stays a whitsh-yellow color.
Natives used the inner bark in a tea for coughs, fever, colds, diarrhea, pnuemonia, and to purify the blood. The small fruits were also eaten.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Family - Polygonaceae
Stems - To +1m tall, non-woody, hairy above, glabrescent below, erect. The pubescence ferruginous.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, pubescent on both surfaces or glabrous below, ovate, to +15cm long, +8cm wide. Ocrea fringed with cilia, pubescent.
Inflorescence - Typically a terminal raceme, but some axillary, to 40cm long. Flowers loosely arranged on the inflorescnece.
Flowers - Perianth parts 4, whitish to pinkish, +/-3mm long, acute, glabrous. Stamens typically 4, slightly exserted. Filaments whitish, glabrous, 2mm long. Anthers pale yellow to whitish, -1mm long. Styles 2, persistent in fruit to form a "beak".
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Rich, moist woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. It is easy to identify in the field becasue of its hairy ocrea, big, alternate leaves, and long inflorescences. The plant is very common in shaded, rich areas.
A synonym is Tovara virginiana (L.) Raf.
Stems - To +1m tall, non-woody, hairy above, glabrescent below, erect. The pubescence ferruginous.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, pubescent on both surfaces or glabrous below, ovate, to +15cm long, +8cm wide. Ocrea fringed with cilia, pubescent.
Inflorescence - Typically a terminal raceme, but some axillary, to 40cm long. Flowers loosely arranged on the inflorescnece.
Flowers - Perianth parts 4, whitish to pinkish, +/-3mm long, acute, glabrous. Stamens typically 4, slightly exserted. Filaments whitish, glabrous, 2mm long. Anthers pale yellow to whitish, -1mm long. Styles 2, persistent in fruit to form a "beak".
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Rich, moist woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. It is easy to identify in the field becasue of its hairy ocrea, big, alternate leaves, and long inflorescences. The plant is very common in shaded, rich areas.
A synonym is Tovara virginiana (L.) Raf.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Family - Polygonaceae
Stems - Twining, sprawling, vining, herbaceous, from fibrous roots, twisting with age, often slightly ribbed, typically becoming reddish in sun, branching, to +1m long.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Ocrea small, glabrous, often somewhat brownish, +/-2mm long(tall). Petioles to +5cm long, slightly scabrous from tuberculate ridges. Blades cordate, entire, acuminate, to +/-8cm long, +/-6cm broad, minutely puberulent above and below. Auricles rounded.
Inflorescence - Axillary fascicles of few flowers on lateral growth. Pedicels to 1.5mm in flower, longer in fruit, glabrous, green.
Flowers - Outer 3 perianth segments keeled, glabrous, to 2mm in flower. The keel green. The margins white. Inner perianth segments white, ovate, glabrous, +1mm long and broad in flower. Perianth segments persistent in fruit and giving a winged appearance. Stamens 10, adnate at base of perianth segments. Filaments white, glabrous, .7mm long. Anthers white, bi-lobed, .2mm long. Ovary green, 3-sided, glabrous, -1mm long. Style wanting. Stigma capitate, green. Achenes black, shiny, 3-sided, to -3mm long.
Stems - Twining, sprawling, vining, herbaceous, from fibrous roots, twisting with age, often slightly ribbed, typically becoming reddish in sun, branching, to +1m long.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Ocrea small, glabrous, often somewhat brownish, +/-2mm long(tall). Petioles to +5cm long, slightly scabrous from tuberculate ridges. Blades cordate, entire, acuminate, to +/-8cm long, +/-6cm broad, minutely puberulent above and below. Auricles rounded.
Inflorescence - Axillary fascicles of few flowers on lateral growth. Pedicels to 1.5mm in flower, longer in fruit, glabrous, green.
Flowers - Outer 3 perianth segments keeled, glabrous, to 2mm in flower. The keel green. The margins white. Inner perianth segments white, ovate, glabrous, +1mm long and broad in flower. Perianth segments persistent in fruit and giving a winged appearance. Stamens 10, adnate at base of perianth segments. Filaments white, glabrous, .7mm long. Anthers white, bi-lobed, .2mm long. Ovary green, 3-sided, glabrous, -1mm long. Style wanting. Stigma capitate, green. Achenes black, shiny, 3-sided, to -3mm long.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Family - Polygonaceae
Stems - To +/-1m Long, erect to clambering, simple, 4-angled, hollow, becoming pinkish-red in full sun, with retrorse prickles on angles, from fibrous roots. Nodes sometimes slightly swollen.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Ocrea one-sided, sheathing the stem on opposite side from leaf, to 7-8mm long, glabrous. Petiole connected at base of ocrea, to +/-1.2cm long, with retrorse barbs. Blades sagittate, +/-5cm long, +/-1.5cm broad, entire, with slightly revolute margins (the margins antrorse ciliate), glabrous above and below except for retrorse prickles on midrib below. Auricles acute, 7-8mm long.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary capitate cluster of 1-10 flowers. Peduncles glabrous. Bracts subtending flowers with scarious margins. Pedicels to 2mm long.
Flowers - Perianth segments white to pinkish, glabrous, 3mm long. Stamens +/-8, erect. Filaments white, to 1.4mm long, some adnate to perianth segments. Anthers white, .2mm long. Achenes 3-sided, glabrous, chocolate to black, to 2.5mm long.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Wet places, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a simple species to ID in the field because of its square, prickly stems and its sagittate leaves. The plant likes moist areas such as fens or pond margins. The flowers are small and not showy but are not needed to help ID the plant. This species is found nearly throughout Missouri but has not been recorded in some Ozark counties. Our plants belong to variety sagittatum. Another variety, var. gacilenta Fern., has few to no prickles on the stem. This latter variety is not found in Missouri but in a few states to our east.
Stems - To +/-1m Long, erect to clambering, simple, 4-angled, hollow, becoming pinkish-red in full sun, with retrorse prickles on angles, from fibrous roots. Nodes sometimes slightly swollen.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Ocrea one-sided, sheathing the stem on opposite side from leaf, to 7-8mm long, glabrous. Petiole connected at base of ocrea, to +/-1.2cm long, with retrorse barbs. Blades sagittate, +/-5cm long, +/-1.5cm broad, entire, with slightly revolute margins (the margins antrorse ciliate), glabrous above and below except for retrorse prickles on midrib below. Auricles acute, 7-8mm long.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary capitate cluster of 1-10 flowers. Peduncles glabrous. Bracts subtending flowers with scarious margins. Pedicels to 2mm long.
Flowers - Perianth segments white to pinkish, glabrous, 3mm long. Stamens +/-8, erect. Filaments white, to 1.4mm long, some adnate to perianth segments. Anthers white, .2mm long. Achenes 3-sided, glabrous, chocolate to black, to 2.5mm long.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Wet places, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a simple species to ID in the field because of its square, prickly stems and its sagittate leaves. The plant likes moist areas such as fens or pond margins. The flowers are small and not showy but are not needed to help ID the plant. This species is found nearly throughout Missouri but has not been recorded in some Ozark counties. Our plants belong to variety sagittatum. Another variety, var. gacilenta Fern., has few to no prickles on the stem. This latter variety is not found in Missouri but in a few states to our east.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Family - Polygonaceae
Stems - From a taproot, herbaceous, erect to ascending or decumbent, multiple from base, branching, to +/-40cm long, terete, glabrous.
Leaves - Alternate, short-petiolate. Ocrea brownish, glabrous, +/-5mm long, usually lacerate at the apex. Petioles to +/-1mm long. Blades green to bluish-green, glabrous or with very few appressed hairs, entire, acute, oblong-elliptic, to +2cm long, +/-5mm broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary flowers, 1-3 per node. Flowers sessile or on pedicels to .5mm long, not exceeding the ocrea.
Flowers - Perianth segments green with white margins, rounded at apex, glabrous, .7mm broad, 2mm long. Outer 3 segments with more green than inner 3 segments, cupped and hooded at apex. Stamens 8, adnate at the base of the perianth segments. Filaments whitish-green, broadened at base, glabrous, .3mm long. Anthers yellow, .1mm broad. Ovary glabrous, 3-sided, 1mm long in flower, reddish near apex, mostly green. Styles 3, .2mm long, green, glabrous. Stigmas translucent, globose. Achenes rugose, 2mm long, 1.6mm broad, triangular, compressed and mostly 2-sided (3rd side not as broad as other 2).
Flowering - July - November.
Habitat - Open flood plains, alluvial soils near streams.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species has only been collected in a few counties in Missouri but is probably more common. The plant is easy to overlook because of its small size and inconspicuous flowers. Many of the small, ascending species of Polygonum are difficult to distinguish at first.
Stems - From a taproot, herbaceous, erect to ascending or decumbent, multiple from base, branching, to +/-40cm long, terete, glabrous.
Leaves - Alternate, short-petiolate. Ocrea brownish, glabrous, +/-5mm long, usually lacerate at the apex. Petioles to +/-1mm long. Blades green to bluish-green, glabrous or with very few appressed hairs, entire, acute, oblong-elliptic, to +2cm long, +/-5mm broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary flowers, 1-3 per node. Flowers sessile or on pedicels to .5mm long, not exceeding the ocrea.
Flowers - Perianth segments green with white margins, rounded at apex, glabrous, .7mm broad, 2mm long. Outer 3 segments with more green than inner 3 segments, cupped and hooded at apex. Stamens 8, adnate at the base of the perianth segments. Filaments whitish-green, broadened at base, glabrous, .3mm long. Anthers yellow, .1mm broad. Ovary glabrous, 3-sided, 1mm long in flower, reddish near apex, mostly green. Styles 3, .2mm long, green, glabrous. Stigmas translucent, globose. Achenes rugose, 2mm long, 1.6mm broad, triangular, compressed and mostly 2-sided (3rd side not as broad as other 2).
Flowering - July - November.
Habitat - Open flood plains, alluvial soils near streams.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species has only been collected in a few counties in Missouri but is probably more common. The plant is easy to overlook because of its small size and inconspicuous flowers. Many of the small, ascending species of Polygonum are difficult to distinguish at first.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Family - Polygonaceae
Stems - To 2m tall, glabrous.
Leaves - Alternate, glabrous, to 30cm long, 6cm wide, typically lanceolate, with impressed veins on the adaxial surface near the midrib. Ocrea not fringed with cilia and glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal, loose, panicles and axillary racemes. Each flower cluster to 8cm long(tall), 3-9mm thick, nodding.
Flowers - Small(2-3mm long), creamy white to slightly pinkish, dense in cluster.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Moist soils, disturbed sites, gravel bars, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Found in U.S. and Eurasia. Probably introduced in North America.
Other info. - This plant can get quite tall and is easily distinguished by the nodding racemes of the panicle. The leaves sometimes have a dark splotch in the center but this is not as common or pronounced as in the much smaller P. persicaria.
Stems - To 2m tall, glabrous.
Leaves - Alternate, glabrous, to 30cm long, 6cm wide, typically lanceolate, with impressed veins on the adaxial surface near the midrib. Ocrea not fringed with cilia and glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal, loose, panicles and axillary racemes. Each flower cluster to 8cm long(tall), 3-9mm thick, nodding.
Flowers - Small(2-3mm long), creamy white to slightly pinkish, dense in cluster.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Moist soils, disturbed sites, gravel bars, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Found in U.S. and Eurasia. Probably introduced in North America.
Other info. - This plant can get quite tall and is easily distinguished by the nodding racemes of the panicle. The leaves sometimes have a dark splotch in the center but this is not as common or pronounced as in the much smaller P. persicaria.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Family - Polygonaceae
Stems - To +70cm tall, from fibrous roots, multiple from base, erect, herbaceous, glabrous or with sparse appressed antrorse hairs, branching.
Leaves - Alternate, sheathing, linear-lanceolate, entire, attenuate, scabrous with sparse short appressed pubescence, to -15cm long, +/-1.5cm broad. Ocrea to +/-1.5cm long, fringed with ciliate ferruginous bristles to -1cm long, with antrorse appressed pubescence.
Inflorescence - Loose terminal spikiform racemes to +/-10cm long. Ocreolae fringed with ciliate bristles to 1.5cm long. Pedicels to 1.5mm long.
Flowers - Perianth segments 5, pinkish-white, to 2.5mm long, glabrous, obtuse at apex. Stamens +/-5, erect, included. Filaments adnate at base of perianth segments, pinkish to white, to 2mm long, glabrous. Anthers whitish, to .5mm long. Styles 3, connate basally, -1mm long, glabrous. Achenes 3-sided.
Flowering - June - November.
Habitat - Swamp and pond margins, streambanks, springs, wet woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is one of the easier members of the genus to identify. The racemes are distinctive and the plant grows near or in water. The species name means "looks like water pepper" referring to the plants resemblance to the related P. hydropiper L.
P. hydropiperoides grows in most counties throughout the state. Some authors, including Steyermark, break the plant up into different varieties. I won't go into those here.
Stems - To +70cm tall, from fibrous roots, multiple from base, erect, herbaceous, glabrous or with sparse appressed antrorse hairs, branching.
Leaves - Alternate, sheathing, linear-lanceolate, entire, attenuate, scabrous with sparse short appressed pubescence, to -15cm long, +/-1.5cm broad. Ocrea to +/-1.5cm long, fringed with ciliate ferruginous bristles to -1cm long, with antrorse appressed pubescence.
Inflorescence - Loose terminal spikiform racemes to +/-10cm long. Ocreolae fringed with ciliate bristles to 1.5cm long. Pedicels to 1.5mm long.
Flowers - Perianth segments 5, pinkish-white, to 2.5mm long, glabrous, obtuse at apex. Stamens +/-5, erect, included. Filaments adnate at base of perianth segments, pinkish to white, to 2mm long, glabrous. Anthers whitish, to .5mm long. Styles 3, connate basally, -1mm long, glabrous. Achenes 3-sided.
Flowering - June - November.
Habitat - Swamp and pond margins, streambanks, springs, wet woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is one of the easier members of the genus to identify. The racemes are distinctive and the plant grows near or in water. The species name means "looks like water pepper" referring to the plants resemblance to the related P. hydropiper L.
P. hydropiperoides grows in most counties throughout the state. Some authors, including Steyermark, break the plant up into different varieties. I won't go into those here.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Family - Polygonaceae
Stems - To 1m tall, herbaceous, glabrous or with some pubescence above, typically green or reddish, erect to spreading, multiple or single from base, simple to few-branching.
Leaves - Alternate, short-petiolate or subsessile, lanceolate to linear-oblong, glabrous, acuminate. Ocrea with ciliate bristles on margin, glabrous to scabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes, loosely arranged, often nodding at tip.
Flowers - Perianth parts to 4mm long, punctate, greenish below, whitish near apex. Stamens +/-6, included. Styles 2, included. Achene 3-angled, partially exserted at maturity.
Flowering - May - November.
Habitat - Moist to wet areas.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This plant is abundant along edges of ponds, lakes, and ditches. The roots are thin and fibrous as the plant is an annual. The species name means "water pepper" as the plant can have a peppery taste if eaten. That same peppery taste will also cause your mouth to burn and swell, so don't eat it.
Stems - To 1m tall, herbaceous, glabrous or with some pubescence above, typically green or reddish, erect to spreading, multiple or single from base, simple to few-branching.
Leaves - Alternate, short-petiolate or subsessile, lanceolate to linear-oblong, glabrous, acuminate. Ocrea with ciliate bristles on margin, glabrous to scabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes, loosely arranged, often nodding at tip.
Flowers - Perianth parts to 4mm long, punctate, greenish below, whitish near apex. Stamens +/-6, included. Styles 2, included. Achene 3-angled, partially exserted at maturity.
Flowering - May - November.
Habitat - Moist to wet areas.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This plant is abundant along edges of ponds, lakes, and ditches. The roots are thin and fibrous as the plant is an annual. The species name means "water pepper" as the plant can have a peppery taste if eaten. That same peppery taste will also cause your mouth to burn and swell, so don't eat it.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Family - Polygonaceae
Stems - Multiple from base, erect to ascending, translucent lepidote (use a lens to see), suffrutescent at the base, herbaceous above, resembling a small cedar when not in flower.
Leaves - Alternate, thin, scalelike to subulate, sessile, to +1cm long, +/-1mm broad, translucent lepidote (use a lens to see), subsucculent, often lighter colored and rounded at the apex. Ocrea with a lighter green to yellowish apical margin.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal and axillary racemes to +/-4cm long. Pedicels white, glabrous, 3-4mm long. Each flower arising from the axil of a reduced leafy bract. Bracts scalelike, enclosing the stem, acute to acuminate at the apex, with a whitish apical margin, glabrous, with white speckling (use a lens to see). The apex of one bract enclosing the base of the leaf above it.
Flowers - Perianth whitish. Outer two sepals white with a green midrib, cupped at the apex, 2mm long, +1.7mm broad, glabrous, often somewhat folded, broadly ovate. Inner sepals 3, white, spreading, orbicular, 2-3mm long and broad, glabrous. Stamens +/-8, erect, exserted. Filaments white, glabrous, broadened in the basal 1/2, +/-2mm long. Anthers white to pinkish, .6mm long. Ovary superior, white, 3-angled, glabrous, white with minute pinkish tips. Receptacle with a reddish rim surrounding a green nectary.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Dry sandy ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive little species is uncommon in Missouri, only being found in a handful of counties which contain parts of Crowleys Ridge. It can also be found in Iron County in one or two select locations.
The plant is very easy to identify because of its large numbers of small white flowers and because it resembles a small cedar or juniper when not in flower. Nothing else in the states flora really resembles it.
P. americana would make a fine garden plant if sandy, acidic conditions could be provided. It grows well from seed.
Stems - Multiple from base, erect to ascending, translucent lepidote (use a lens to see), suffrutescent at the base, herbaceous above, resembling a small cedar when not in flower.
Leaves - Alternate, thin, scalelike to subulate, sessile, to +1cm long, +/-1mm broad, translucent lepidote (use a lens to see), subsucculent, often lighter colored and rounded at the apex. Ocrea with a lighter green to yellowish apical margin.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal and axillary racemes to +/-4cm long. Pedicels white, glabrous, 3-4mm long. Each flower arising from the axil of a reduced leafy bract. Bracts scalelike, enclosing the stem, acute to acuminate at the apex, with a whitish apical margin, glabrous, with white speckling (use a lens to see). The apex of one bract enclosing the base of the leaf above it.
Flowers - Perianth whitish. Outer two sepals white with a green midrib, cupped at the apex, 2mm long, +1.7mm broad, glabrous, often somewhat folded, broadly ovate. Inner sepals 3, white, spreading, orbicular, 2-3mm long and broad, glabrous. Stamens +/-8, erect, exserted. Filaments white, glabrous, broadened in the basal 1/2, +/-2mm long. Anthers white to pinkish, .6mm long. Ovary superior, white, 3-angled, glabrous, white with minute pinkish tips. Receptacle with a reddish rim surrounding a green nectary.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Dry sandy ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive little species is uncommon in Missouri, only being found in a handful of counties which contain parts of Crowleys Ridge. It can also be found in Iron County in one or two select locations.
The plant is very easy to identify because of its large numbers of small white flowers and because it resembles a small cedar or juniper when not in flower. Nothing else in the states flora really resembles it.
P. americana would make a fine garden plant if sandy, acidic conditions could be provided. It grows well from seed.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Family - Polygalaceae
Stems - Multiple from a thickened taproot and fibrous roots, erect, herbaceous, to +45cm tall, branching in upper 1/2, often purplish base, puberulent above, glabrescent at base, terete.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to 2-3mm long, puberulent below. Blades acuminate, tapering at base, elliptic, deep green above, lighter green below, with serrulate margins, mostly glabrous but with a very few sparse puberulent hairs, to 7cm long, +2.5cm broad, leaves often larger near the apex of the plant.
Inflorescence - Terminal and lateral indeterminate racemes to +/-5cm tall (long). Axis puberulent.
Flowers - Petals 3, united into a whitish glabrous tube, lacerate at apex. Stamens 8, adnate with corolla tube, in two rows. Anthers yellow, .2mm long. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, orbicular, .7mm in diameter. Style green, -1mm long, green, glabrous, with a few floccose hairs at apex, clavate. Stigma lateral, small. Calyx accrescent. Sepals 5. Lateral sepals colored as the petals and spreading, to +3mm long, 2.1mm broad, glabrous, with ciliolate margins. Lower two sepals and single upper sepal small, greenish-white, acute, puberulent. Lower two to .3mm long. The basal sepal to 1.5mm long. Fruit a capsule, glabrous to sparse pubescent, to 5mm in diameter, slightly compressed.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Rocky woods, open ground, prairies, gravel bars, stream banks.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small species can be found in a couple different areas of Missouri. It is more prevalent in the Ozark region but can also be found in a few counties in the north-central portion of the state. This is a striking little plant and should be cultivated more.
Steyermark lists two varieties based on leaf shape and sepal size but I won't go into those here.
Stems - Multiple from a thickened taproot and fibrous roots, erect, herbaceous, to +45cm tall, branching in upper 1/2, often purplish base, puberulent above, glabrescent at base, terete.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to 2-3mm long, puberulent below. Blades acuminate, tapering at base, elliptic, deep green above, lighter green below, with serrulate margins, mostly glabrous but with a very few sparse puberulent hairs, to 7cm long, +2.5cm broad, leaves often larger near the apex of the plant.
Inflorescence - Terminal and lateral indeterminate racemes to +/-5cm tall (long). Axis puberulent.
Flowers - Petals 3, united into a whitish glabrous tube, lacerate at apex. Stamens 8, adnate with corolla tube, in two rows. Anthers yellow, .2mm long. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, orbicular, .7mm in diameter. Style green, -1mm long, green, glabrous, with a few floccose hairs at apex, clavate. Stigma lateral, small. Calyx accrescent. Sepals 5. Lateral sepals colored as the petals and spreading, to +3mm long, 2.1mm broad, glabrous, with ciliolate margins. Lower two sepals and single upper sepal small, greenish-white, acute, puberulent. Lower two to .3mm long. The basal sepal to 1.5mm long. Fruit a capsule, glabrous to sparse pubescent, to 5mm in diameter, slightly compressed.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Rocky woods, open ground, prairies, gravel bars, stream banks.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small species can be found in a couple different areas of Missouri. It is more prevalent in the Ozark region but can also be found in a few counties in the north-central portion of the state. This is a striking little plant and should be cultivated more.
Steyermark lists two varieties based on leaf shape and sepal size but I won't go into those here.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Family - Capparaceae
Stems - To +50cm tall, erect to reclining with age, herbaceous, branching, from a big taproot, glandular and arachnoid pubescent.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, petiolate. Petioles to +2cm long, with an adaxial groove, pubescence as the stem. Terminal leaflet typically oblanceolate, entire, rounded to notched at apex, glandular pubescent on margins and midrib below, with some arachnoid pubescence below, to +3cm long, +1.3cm broad, its petiolule to 1mm long. Lateral leaflets on petiolules to -1mm long, with same pubescence as the terminal leaflet, obliquely oblanceolate, typically smaller than the terminal leaflet.
Inflorescence - Terminal and lateral bracteate racemes to +/-15cm long(tall). Each flower subtended by a foliaceous bract. Pedicels typically purplish, to 1.3cm long. Pubescence as with stem but more glandular.
Flowers - Petals 4, white to pinkish tinged, clawed. Claw to -3mm long. Limb to +3mm long, 3mm broad, notched at apex, glabrous. Stamens 8-13, erect, exserted. Filaments to 8mm long, mostly glabrous, purplish. Anthers greenish-purple, to +1mm long. Ovary superior, green and very small in flower, quickly expanding, cylindric, glandular pubescent, unilocular. Placentation parietal. Style glabrous, 1.5-2mm long, purplish-red. Adaxial side of flower with large nectary at its base. Nectary 1.5mm broad. Sepals 4, purplish-green, oblong-ovate, acute, glandular pubescent externally, glabrous internally, entire, to 4mm long, +2mm broad. Fruits glandular and arachnoid pubescent, slightly compressed, to +/-4cm long, greenish to reddish. Seeds 2-3mm in diameter, grooved.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Stream banks, bars, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout Missouri. The plant is easy to identify becasue of its viscid stems and fruits, small white flowers, and three-lobed leaves.
There are two varieties in Missouri. var. dodecandra is found along gravel bars of streams and in open waste ground. This variety has smaller flowers than the next and is described above. Var. trachysperma (T. & G.) Iltis is found growing in glades and bluffs and has larger flowers than the previous variety.
Stems - To +50cm tall, erect to reclining with age, herbaceous, branching, from a big taproot, glandular and arachnoid pubescent.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, petiolate. Petioles to +2cm long, with an adaxial groove, pubescence as the stem. Terminal leaflet typically oblanceolate, entire, rounded to notched at apex, glandular pubescent on margins and midrib below, with some arachnoid pubescence below, to +3cm long, +1.3cm broad, its petiolule to 1mm long. Lateral leaflets on petiolules to -1mm long, with same pubescence as the terminal leaflet, obliquely oblanceolate, typically smaller than the terminal leaflet.
Inflorescence - Terminal and lateral bracteate racemes to +/-15cm long(tall). Each flower subtended by a foliaceous bract. Pedicels typically purplish, to 1.3cm long. Pubescence as with stem but more glandular.
Flowers - Petals 4, white to pinkish tinged, clawed. Claw to -3mm long. Limb to +3mm long, 3mm broad, notched at apex, glabrous. Stamens 8-13, erect, exserted. Filaments to 8mm long, mostly glabrous, purplish. Anthers greenish-purple, to +1mm long. Ovary superior, green and very small in flower, quickly expanding, cylindric, glandular pubescent, unilocular. Placentation parietal. Style glabrous, 1.5-2mm long, purplish-red. Adaxial side of flower with large nectary at its base. Nectary 1.5mm broad. Sepals 4, purplish-green, oblong-ovate, acute, glandular pubescent externally, glabrous internally, entire, to 4mm long, +2mm broad. Fruits glandular and arachnoid pubescent, slightly compressed, to +/-4cm long, greenish to reddish. Seeds 2-3mm in diameter, grooved.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Stream banks, bars, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout Missouri. The plant is easy to identify becasue of its viscid stems and fruits, small white flowers, and three-lobed leaves.
There are two varieties in Missouri. var. dodecandra is found along gravel bars of streams and in open waste ground. This variety has smaller flowers than the next and is described above. Var. trachysperma (T. & G.) Iltis is found growing in glades and bluffs and has larger flowers than the previous variety.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Family - Orchidaceae
Stems - To +60cm tall, erect, herbaceous, simple, glabrous, from slightly thickened roots.
Leaves - Alternate, sheathing, glabrous. Lower leaves to +/-7cm long, +2cm broad, elliptic to oblong, entire. Upper leaves more dense, becoming linear-lanceolate, 2-3cm long, 5mm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal spikiform raceme to 15cm long. Flowers subtended by foliaceous bracts.
Flowers - Petals 3. Lowest petal to 2cm long, 2cm broad, whitish, deeply divided into 3 lobes, with basal spur. Lobes divided into linear segments, erose to lacerate, to 8mm long, glabrous. Spur to 1.6cm long, greenish-white. Lateral petals to 8mm long, greenish. Sepals 3, green. Upper sepal to +4mm broad, 5mm long. Lateral sepals to 4mm long, 1.3mm broad, linear, curling under lip of lower petal. Ovary +1.5cm long, 1.5mm in diameter, green, glabrous, sub-falcate. Fruit to +2cm long, 5mm in diameter, many seeded.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Prairies, open woods, pastures.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This orchid is quite striking, as are most in the genus. The flowers emit fragrance at night and thus attract Sphinx Moths, (family Sphingidae), for pollination. This particular species is fairly common in the state but others in the genus are rare and threatened. Prairie restoration and protection will help immensely in insuring these plants survive.
Our plants belong to variety lacera. Another variety, var. terrae-novae Fern., has smaller flowers and is not found in Missouri.
A synonym is Habenaria lacera (Michx.) Lodd.
Stems - To +60cm tall, erect, herbaceous, simple, glabrous, from slightly thickened roots.
Leaves - Alternate, sheathing, glabrous. Lower leaves to +/-7cm long, +2cm broad, elliptic to oblong, entire. Upper leaves more dense, becoming linear-lanceolate, 2-3cm long, 5mm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal spikiform raceme to 15cm long. Flowers subtended by foliaceous bracts.
Flowers - Petals 3. Lowest petal to 2cm long, 2cm broad, whitish, deeply divided into 3 lobes, with basal spur. Lobes divided into linear segments, erose to lacerate, to 8mm long, glabrous. Spur to 1.6cm long, greenish-white. Lateral petals to 8mm long, greenish. Sepals 3, green. Upper sepal to +4mm broad, 5mm long. Lateral sepals to 4mm long, 1.3mm broad, linear, curling under lip of lower petal. Ovary +1.5cm long, 1.5mm in diameter, green, glabrous, sub-falcate. Fruit to +2cm long, 5mm in diameter, many seeded.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Prairies, open woods, pastures.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This orchid is quite striking, as are most in the genus. The flowers emit fragrance at night and thus attract Sphinx Moths, (family Sphingidae), for pollination. This particular species is fairly common in the state but others in the genus are rare and threatened. Prairie restoration and protection will help immensely in insuring these plants survive.
Our plants belong to variety lacera. Another variety, var. terrae-novae Fern., has smaller flowers and is not found in Missouri.
A synonym is Habenaria lacera (Michx.) Lodd.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Family - Phytolaccaceae
Stems - To 3m tall, erect, glabrous, greenish to purple-red, branching, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, entire, oblong, lanceolate-oblong, or ovate, petiolate, up to +30cm long, +15cm wide.
Inflorescence - Axillary racemes to +/-40cm long. Pedicels to 1cm long, 4-angled, tuberculate on angles, subtended by curling bract. Bract to 4mm long, 1mm broad. Pedicel with two small attenuate bracts alternate about at it's midpoint. Axis of inflorescence and pedicels whitish in flower, becoming red in fruit.
Flowers - Apetalous. Sepals 5, white or with a pinkish tinge, distinct, 2.2mm long and broad, slightly involute, broadly ovate to rotund, entire or slightly erose near apex. Stamens 10. Filaments pinkish-white, 2mm long, glabrous. Ovary 10-carpellate, green, globose to subglobose, 2.4mm in diameter, glabrous. Fruit a purple-black berry to -1cm in diameter.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, open woods, pastures, prairies, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - All parts of this weedy species are toxic when mature but the young shoots and leaves can be eaten when cooked. Why take the chance when there is a grocery store on every corner? The "ink" from the berries will stain almost anything it touches.
This is an easy species to ID in the field because of its big, alternate leaves, reddish stems, long inflorescences, and purple berries.
Stems - To 3m tall, erect, glabrous, greenish to purple-red, branching, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, entire, oblong, lanceolate-oblong, or ovate, petiolate, up to +30cm long, +15cm wide.
Inflorescence - Axillary racemes to +/-40cm long. Pedicels to 1cm long, 4-angled, tuberculate on angles, subtended by curling bract. Bract to 4mm long, 1mm broad. Pedicel with two small attenuate bracts alternate about at it's midpoint. Axis of inflorescence and pedicels whitish in flower, becoming red in fruit.
Flowers - Apetalous. Sepals 5, white or with a pinkish tinge, distinct, 2.2mm long and broad, slightly involute, broadly ovate to rotund, entire or slightly erose near apex. Stamens 10. Filaments pinkish-white, 2mm long, glabrous. Ovary 10-carpellate, green, globose to subglobose, 2.4mm in diameter, glabrous. Fruit a purple-black berry to -1cm in diameter.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, open woods, pastures, prairies, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - All parts of this weedy species are toxic when mature but the young shoots and leaves can be eaten when cooked. Why take the chance when there is a grocery store on every corner? The "ink" from the berries will stain almost anything it touches.
This is an easy species to ID in the field because of its big, alternate leaves, reddish stems, long inflorescences, and purple berries.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - From a stout woody caudex, erect, herbaceous, single or multiple from base, simple, to +/-75cm tall, glabrous, striate, terete.
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, odd-pinnate. Stipules needle-like, quickly drying, attenuate, to 4mm long, glabrous. Leaves with typically 5-9 leaflets, to 5cm long, axis glabrous. Leaflets with petiolules to 1mm long, entire, glabrous, oblanceolate, to 2.2cm long, 6nn broad, with a single midrib (prominent below), punctate abaxially, rounded to subacute at the apex, often with a small mucro. Terminal leaflet larger than the laterals.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal indeterminate spike to +/-4cm long, 1cm in diameter. Flowers sessile, each subtended by 2 opposite needle-like bracts. Bracts pubescent, +1mm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, long-clawed, glabrous, to 5mm long. Claw filiform. Expanded limb to +2mm long, 2mm broad. Stamens 5, united into a partial tube for the basal 1/2 of their length, to 6mm long, white and glabrous. Anthers pale yellow, -1mm broad. Ovary green, sparse pubescent, subglobose, -1mm long. Style glabrous, whitish, 5mm long. Fruit slightly beaked from a persistent style.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Prairies, rocky open glades, rocky open woods, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is easy to identify in the field because of its divided leaves and clusters of white flowers.
A synonym is Dalea candida Willd.
Stems - From a stout woody caudex, erect, herbaceous, single or multiple from base, simple, to +/-75cm tall, glabrous, striate, terete.
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, odd-pinnate. Stipules needle-like, quickly drying, attenuate, to 4mm long, glabrous. Leaves with typically 5-9 leaflets, to 5cm long, axis glabrous. Leaflets with petiolules to 1mm long, entire, glabrous, oblanceolate, to 2.2cm long, 6nn broad, with a single midrib (prominent below), punctate abaxially, rounded to subacute at the apex, often with a small mucro. Terminal leaflet larger than the laterals.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal indeterminate spike to +/-4cm long, 1cm in diameter. Flowers sessile, each subtended by 2 opposite needle-like bracts. Bracts pubescent, +1mm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, long-clawed, glabrous, to 5mm long. Claw filiform. Expanded limb to +2mm long, 2mm broad. Stamens 5, united into a partial tube for the basal 1/2 of their length, to 6mm long, white and glabrous. Anthers pale yellow, -1mm broad. Ovary green, sparse pubescent, subglobose, -1mm long. Style glabrous, whitish, 5mm long. Fruit slightly beaked from a persistent style.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Prairies, rocky open glades, rocky open woods, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is easy to identify in the field because of its divided leaves and clusters of white flowers.
A synonym is Dalea candida Willd.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Family - Apiaceae
Stems - To 1m tall, herbaceous, from a thickened roots, typically simple but sometimes branching in apical half, glabrous, erect.
Leaves - Alternate, pinnately to ternately divided, petiolate. Petiole flat, involute, sheathing, expanded, 1cm broad when unrolled. Blades to 16cm long, 8-9cm broad. Ultimate leaf divisions linear, entire, to 2-3mm broad.
Inflorescence - Compound umbel with +/-20 rays subtended by 0-4 linear bracts. Rays to +10cm long. Bracts to 2-3cm long. Raylets +/-20, to +1.5cm long. All glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 5, spreading, white, glabrous, curled at apex, clawed, 1.3mm broad, 2.5mm long(uncurled). Stamens 5, alternating with the petals, spreading. Filaments white, to 2mm long. Anthers pale yellow to white, .2mm long. Styles 2, white, expanded at base into stylopodium. Ovary green, inferior, 2mm long, 1.1mm broad, glabrous. Sepals 5, alternating with the petals, .5mm long, green. Fruit to 6mm long, oblong to ovate, glabrous.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, on limestone and chert substrata, bluffs, glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This lanky species can be found in the scattered throughout portions of Missouri but is most common in the southwest. The plant is completely glabrous and is rarely branched. The thick roots typically form in fascicles.
The day I photographed this species it was very windy and my pics came out a bit blurry, especially the flower pic.
Stems - To 1m tall, herbaceous, from a thickened roots, typically simple but sometimes branching in apical half, glabrous, erect.
Leaves - Alternate, pinnately to ternately divided, petiolate. Petiole flat, involute, sheathing, expanded, 1cm broad when unrolled. Blades to 16cm long, 8-9cm broad. Ultimate leaf divisions linear, entire, to 2-3mm broad.
Inflorescence - Compound umbel with +/-20 rays subtended by 0-4 linear bracts. Rays to +10cm long. Bracts to 2-3cm long. Raylets +/-20, to +1.5cm long. All glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 5, spreading, white, glabrous, curled at apex, clawed, 1.3mm broad, 2.5mm long(uncurled). Stamens 5, alternating with the petals, spreading. Filaments white, to 2mm long. Anthers pale yellow to white, .2mm long. Styles 2, white, expanded at base into stylopodium. Ovary green, inferior, 2mm long, 1.1mm broad, glabrous. Sepals 5, alternating with the petals, .5mm long, green. Fruit to 6mm long, oblong to ovate, glabrous.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, on limestone and chert substrata, bluffs, glades.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This lanky species can be found in the scattered throughout portions of Missouri but is most common in the southwest. The plant is completely glabrous and is rarely branched. The thick roots typically form in fascicles.
The day I photographed this species it was very windy and my pics came out a bit blurry, especially the flower pic.
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