文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Campanulaceae
Stems - Simple, erect, to +/-50cm tall, glabrous to variously pubescent, herbaceous, 4-5 angled.
Leaves - Mostly in lower 1/2 of stem, sessile or short petiolate (near base of stem), spatulate to oblong, rounded at apex, entire to irregularly dentate (margins strigillose to ciliate), +/-5cm long, +/-2cm broad, sparse strigose to glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal spikiform raceme to +/-35cm long (tall). Each flower subtended by a lance-linear to subulate bract to 1.5cm long, 3mm broad. Bracts typically glabrous. Pedicels to 3mm long, glabrous to pubescent.
Flowers - Resupinate. Corolla whitish to lilac, to 1.3mm long, 5-lobed. Three "upper" lobes to 4.1mm long, 2mm broad, oblanceolate to lanceolate. Two "lower" lobes deflexed to reflexed, 3mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube. Filaments white, pubescent at base. Anthers purplish-blue, connate around stigma. Stigma purple, bearded at base. Style 1, 5mm long, glabrous, greenish. Ovary ovoid-conic, slightly compressed, green, 2-locular. Placentation axile. Calyx tube +/-1mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes auricled at base, 3mm long, -1mm broad at base, linear-attenuate. Auricles various. Capsule to 8mm long, +/-4mm in diameter, glabrous to pubescent.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, open woods, bluffs, wet meadows.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a highly variable species. The flowers can be bluish to white, the stems can be glabrous to hispid, and the calyx lobes can have variable auricles at their bases. The anthers of the plant can also be variable in color sometimes. Steyermark breaks the species apart into 4 different varieties but these varieties integrade and can be difficult to distinguish so I won't mention them here.
Remember, the flowers are inverted (resupinate) on this plant so what looks like the top of the flower is actually the bottom and vice-versa.
Stems - Simple, erect, to +/-50cm tall, glabrous to variously pubescent, herbaceous, 4-5 angled.
Leaves - Mostly in lower 1/2 of stem, sessile or short petiolate (near base of stem), spatulate to oblong, rounded at apex, entire to irregularly dentate (margins strigillose to ciliate), +/-5cm long, +/-2cm broad, sparse strigose to glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal spikiform raceme to +/-35cm long (tall). Each flower subtended by a lance-linear to subulate bract to 1.5cm long, 3mm broad. Bracts typically glabrous. Pedicels to 3mm long, glabrous to pubescent.
Flowers - Resupinate. Corolla whitish to lilac, to 1.3mm long, 5-lobed. Three "upper" lobes to 4.1mm long, 2mm broad, oblanceolate to lanceolate. Two "lower" lobes deflexed to reflexed, 3mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube. Filaments white, pubescent at base. Anthers purplish-blue, connate around stigma. Stigma purple, bearded at base. Style 1, 5mm long, glabrous, greenish. Ovary ovoid-conic, slightly compressed, green, 2-locular. Placentation axile. Calyx tube +/-1mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes auricled at base, 3mm long, -1mm broad at base, linear-attenuate. Auricles various. Capsule to 8mm long, +/-4mm in diameter, glabrous to pubescent.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, open woods, bluffs, wet meadows.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a highly variable species. The flowers can be bluish to white, the stems can be glabrous to hispid, and the calyx lobes can have variable auricles at their bases. The anthers of the plant can also be variable in color sometimes. Steyermark breaks the species apart into 4 different varieties but these varieties integrade and can be difficult to distinguish so I won't mention them here.
Remember, the flowers are inverted (resupinate) on this plant so what looks like the top of the flower is actually the bottom and vice-versa.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Campanulaceae
Stems - To 2.2m tall, angled, hairy on angles or not.
Leaves - Alternate, 2-6cm broad, to 15cm long, typically with pubescence on both surfaces - but not always, with some teeth on margins, sessile or on very short petioles, oblong to lanceolate.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes, with at least 20 flowers but usually many more.
Flowers - Perianth to +/- 3cm long. Corolla white, tubular, with five lobes - two on upper portion, three below.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Moist to wet soils.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant appears to grow taller than typical L. siphilitica with blue-purple flowers. It is quite striking and I was pleased to find it growing wild at the zoo (just this one plant), since it is uncommon in this state. This is the only time I have seen this plant.
Don't confuse this plant with L. spicata which has much smaller flowers and is a generally smaller plant.
Stems - To 2.2m tall, angled, hairy on angles or not.
Leaves - Alternate, 2-6cm broad, to 15cm long, typically with pubescence on both surfaces - but not always, with some teeth on margins, sessile or on very short petioles, oblong to lanceolate.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes, with at least 20 flowers but usually many more.
Flowers - Perianth to +/- 3cm long. Corolla white, tubular, with five lobes - two on upper portion, three below.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Moist to wet soils.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant appears to grow taller than typical L. siphilitica with blue-purple flowers. It is quite striking and I was pleased to find it growing wild at the zoo (just this one plant), since it is uncommon in this state. This is the only time I have seen this plant.
Don't confuse this plant with L. spicata which has much smaller flowers and is a generally smaller plant.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Campanulaceae
Stems - To .75m tall, from fibrous roots, herbaceous, erect, typically branching, sparse hirsute, winged(wings to -1mm broad), with milky sap.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile or with short winged petioles, spatulate below, becoming lanceolate to oblong above, pubescent, irregularly crenate-serrate, typically acute, to 7cm long, -3cm broad, reduced above in inflorescence. Teeth of margin typically with minute whitish apices.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemose arrangement of single axillary flowers. Pedicels to 3mm long, puberulent, elongating in fruit to 6mm.
Flowers - Resupinate. Corolla whitish to tinged with blue, to 7mm long, 5-lobed, glabrous. "Upper" three lobes acute, to 3.2mm long, 1.5mm broad. "Lower" two lobes deflexed, acute, to 2.5mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube. Anthers purple, -2mm long, connate around stigma, visible between lower two corolla lobes. Style 3.5mm long, greenish, glabrous. Ovary 2-locular. Placentation axile. Calyx tube to 2.1mm long(in flower), green, glabrous, 10-nerved, 5-lobed. Lobes spreading to recurved, attenuate, 4-4.5mm long, .7mm broad at base. Fruit an inflated capsule to 8mm long, 5-6mm in diameter. Seeds many, tan.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Moist ground, open woods, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The species designation obviously comes from the inflated fruits. The plant can be toxic if a significant quantity is eaten. This species is somewhat similar to L. spicata Lam. but the latter has much more elongate spikiform racemes. Because the flowers are twisted on their pedicels (resupinate), what looks like the top of the flower is actually the bottom and vice versa.
Stems - To .75m tall, from fibrous roots, herbaceous, erect, typically branching, sparse hirsute, winged(wings to -1mm broad), with milky sap.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile or with short winged petioles, spatulate below, becoming lanceolate to oblong above, pubescent, irregularly crenate-serrate, typically acute, to 7cm long, -3cm broad, reduced above in inflorescence. Teeth of margin typically with minute whitish apices.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemose arrangement of single axillary flowers. Pedicels to 3mm long, puberulent, elongating in fruit to 6mm.
Flowers - Resupinate. Corolla whitish to tinged with blue, to 7mm long, 5-lobed, glabrous. "Upper" three lobes acute, to 3.2mm long, 1.5mm broad. "Lower" two lobes deflexed, acute, to 2.5mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube. Anthers purple, -2mm long, connate around stigma, visible between lower two corolla lobes. Style 3.5mm long, greenish, glabrous. Ovary 2-locular. Placentation axile. Calyx tube to 2.1mm long(in flower), green, glabrous, 10-nerved, 5-lobed. Lobes spreading to recurved, attenuate, 4-4.5mm long, .7mm broad at base. Fruit an inflated capsule to 8mm long, 5-6mm in diameter. Seeds many, tan.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Moist ground, open woods, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The species designation obviously comes from the inflated fruits. The plant can be toxic if a significant quantity is eaten. This species is somewhat similar to L. spicata Lam. but the latter has much more elongate spikiform racemes. Because the flowers are twisted on their pedicels (resupinate), what looks like the top of the flower is actually the bottom and vice versa.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Boraginaceae
Stems - To +50cm tall, herbaceous, simple to branching above, multiple from taproot, densely antrorse pubescent (hairs appressed), angled.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, linear-oblong to lanceolate, densely appressed pubescent on both surfaces, with prominent midrib below, entire (margins sometimes revolute), to +4cm long, 1cm broad, apex typically acute but also obtuse, apex often curved.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from leaf axils, typically sessile.
Flowers - Corolla white, funnelform, 7-8mm long, 4mm broad, 5-lobed, exceeding or equaling calyx, appressed pubescent externally. Lobes 1.5mm long, obtuse. Stamens 5, alternating with corolla lobes and borne from sides of corolla tube near base (all at same level). Anthers yellow, -.5mm long, filaments very short (-.1mm). Nutlets 4. Sepals 5, attached near very base, to 6mm long, 1mm broad, linear, densely pubescent. Fruits very hard and dense, ovoid-conic, 3-4mm long.
Flowering - March - July.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, open fields, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This little plant is quite well established and can be found nearly everywhere in the spring and early summer. If left alone the plant get get taller and form fairly large colonies but typically it is mowed or cut and remains quite small.
This is an easy species to identify because of its appressed pubescent stems, small white flowers, and weedy habit.
Stems - To +50cm tall, herbaceous, simple to branching above, multiple from taproot, densely antrorse pubescent (hairs appressed), angled.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, linear-oblong to lanceolate, densely appressed pubescent on both surfaces, with prominent midrib below, entire (margins sometimes revolute), to +4cm long, 1cm broad, apex typically acute but also obtuse, apex often curved.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from leaf axils, typically sessile.
Flowers - Corolla white, funnelform, 7-8mm long, 4mm broad, 5-lobed, exceeding or equaling calyx, appressed pubescent externally. Lobes 1.5mm long, obtuse. Stamens 5, alternating with corolla lobes and borne from sides of corolla tube near base (all at same level). Anthers yellow, -.5mm long, filaments very short (-.1mm). Nutlets 4. Sepals 5, attached near very base, to 6mm long, 1mm broad, linear, densely pubescent. Fruits very hard and dense, ovoid-conic, 3-4mm long.
Flowering - March - July.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, open fields, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This little plant is quite well established and can be found nearly everywhere in the spring and early summer. If left alone the plant get get taller and form fairly large colonies but typically it is mowed or cut and remains quite small.
This is an easy species to identify because of its appressed pubescent stems, small white flowers, and weedy habit.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Apiaceae
Stems - To 2m tall, erect, branching in inflorescence, fistulose, glabrous, glaucous, herbaceous, with striate venation, from a big taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, sheathing, ternate, to +45cm broad, +40cm long, glabrous. Petiolules with adaxial grooves. Leaflets oblong-ovate to ovate, coarse serrate, dark green above, lighter green below, acute, to +/-11cm long, +/-6cm broad.
Inflorescence - Lateral and terminal compound umbels. Main rays of inflorescence typically subtended by linear lanceolate to trifoliolate bracts. Rays and raylets glabrous. Rays to +/-6cm long, striate. Raylets to +/-2.5cm long. Pedicels to 5mm long in flower. Flowers +/-15 per umbellet.
Flowers - Staminate flowers - Petals 5, white, inflexed at apex, glabrous, clawed, to 2mm long, 1mm broad, apiculate. Stamens 5, spreading, alternating with the petals. Filaments white, glabrous, 1.5mm long. Anthers pale yellow, .4mm broad and long. Styles reduced to a plump stylopodium. Calyx flattened, glabrous, short 5-lobed. Lobes irregular, .2mm long. Pistillate flowers - Style minute, expanded into plump large stylopodium to 1.7mm broad. Caylx lobes slightly longer than in staminate flowers, triangular. Ovary inferior, ribbed, glabrous, 1.1mm long, 1mm broad in flower, 2-carpellate. One ovule per carpel.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Rocky woods, ravines, along creeks, slopes, bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This large member of the carrot family is easy to ID when in flower because of its large size, big leaves, and glaucous stems. Like many plants in this family, L. canadense has a licorice smell when crushed. This species can be found in the Ozark region of Missouri.
Stems - To 2m tall, erect, branching in inflorescence, fistulose, glabrous, glaucous, herbaceous, with striate venation, from a big taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, sheathing, ternate, to +45cm broad, +40cm long, glabrous. Petiolules with adaxial grooves. Leaflets oblong-ovate to ovate, coarse serrate, dark green above, lighter green below, acute, to +/-11cm long, +/-6cm broad.
Inflorescence - Lateral and terminal compound umbels. Main rays of inflorescence typically subtended by linear lanceolate to trifoliolate bracts. Rays and raylets glabrous. Rays to +/-6cm long, striate. Raylets to +/-2.5cm long. Pedicels to 5mm long in flower. Flowers +/-15 per umbellet.
Flowers - Staminate flowers - Petals 5, white, inflexed at apex, glabrous, clawed, to 2mm long, 1mm broad, apiculate. Stamens 5, spreading, alternating with the petals. Filaments white, glabrous, 1.5mm long. Anthers pale yellow, .4mm broad and long. Styles reduced to a plump stylopodium. Calyx flattened, glabrous, short 5-lobed. Lobes irregular, .2mm long. Pistillate flowers - Style minute, expanded into plump large stylopodium to 1.7mm broad. Caylx lobes slightly longer than in staminate flowers, triangular. Ovary inferior, ribbed, glabrous, 1.1mm long, 1mm broad in flower, 2-carpellate. One ovule per carpel.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Rocky woods, ravines, along creeks, slopes, bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This large member of the carrot family is easy to ID when in flower because of its large size, big leaves, and glaucous stems. Like many plants in this family, L. canadense has a licorice smell when crushed. This species can be found in the Ozark region of Missouri.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - Aerial stems to +40cm tall, erect, herbaceous, glabrous, fistulose, from a bulb, green.
Leaves - Basal, linear, flat, to +40cm long, equaling or exceeding the aerial stems, glabrous, dark green.
Inflorescence - Terminal clusters of 2-7 flowers. Clusters subtended by and partially surrounded by a green bract. The bract to 5cm long, glabrous. Pedicels to +6cm long. Flowers pendant.
Flowers - Tepals 6, white with a green spot at the apex, glabrous, to 2cm long, -1cm broad, oblong-elliptic. Stamens 6. Style 1, exceeding the stamens. Ovary inferior, 3-locular, with many ovules.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Commonly cultivated. Escaped around old homesites and in disturbed sites.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This distinctive species has only been found growing wild in two Missouri counties (Boone and St. Charles) but is cultivated throughout the state. In warmer states to the east the plant is much more common as an escape. The plant is easy to ID in the field becasue of its flat leaves and green-spotted flowers.
Like many of the lilies, this species is toxic if ingested.
Stems - Aerial stems to +40cm tall, erect, herbaceous, glabrous, fistulose, from a bulb, green.
Leaves - Basal, linear, flat, to +40cm long, equaling or exceeding the aerial stems, glabrous, dark green.
Inflorescence - Terminal clusters of 2-7 flowers. Clusters subtended by and partially surrounded by a green bract. The bract to 5cm long, glabrous. Pedicels to +6cm long. Flowers pendant.
Flowers - Tepals 6, white with a green spot at the apex, glabrous, to 2cm long, -1cm broad, oblong-elliptic. Stamens 6. Style 1, exceeding the stamens. Ovary inferior, 3-locular, with many ovules.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Commonly cultivated. Escaped around old homesites and in disturbed sites.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This distinctive species has only been found growing wild in two Missouri counties (Boone and St. Charles) but is cultivated throughout the state. In warmer states to the east the plant is much more common as an escape. The plant is easy to ID in the field becasue of its flat leaves and green-spotted flowers.
Like many of the lilies, this species is toxic if ingested.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Brassicaceae
Stems - To +/-70cm tall, erect, herbaceous, typically single from the base and branching in upper 1/3, occasionally branching at the base, from a taproot, glabrous to puberulent.
Leaves - Alternate, the basal leaves typically wilted by anthesis, sessile, serrate (sometimes doubly) to entire, mostly glabrous, deep green above, to +/-5cm long, 1cm broad, oblanceolate to oblong or linear.
Inflorescence - Terminal and lateral racemes, compact in flower, quickly elongating in fruit, dense, to +/-10cm long. Pedicels 2-4mm long in flower, sparse puberulent adaxially, to 5mm in fruit, spreading.
Flowers - Petals 4, white, minute or sometimes absent, to 2mm long, 1mm broad, clawed. Stamens 2 or 4, erect. Filaments white, glabrous, to +1mm long. Anthers yellow. Ovary orbicular, compressed, glabrous, green, 1mm in diameter. Style wanting. Sepals 4, cupped, greenish-white, with scarious margins, glabrous, 1mm long, -1mm broad. Silicles to 3mm in diameter, green, glabrous, drying to a brownish color, with a small notch at apex.
Flowering - February - November.
Habitat - Fields, waste ground, disturbed sites, glades, prairies, pastures, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The common name for the plant is "Pepper Grass" because the silicles have a peppery taste when ripe. The seeds are edible and are eaten by a variety of wildlife. This plant is weedy and can sometimes be found in profusion in the habitats mentioned above.
Stems - To +/-70cm tall, erect, herbaceous, typically single from the base and branching in upper 1/3, occasionally branching at the base, from a taproot, glabrous to puberulent.
Leaves - Alternate, the basal leaves typically wilted by anthesis, sessile, serrate (sometimes doubly) to entire, mostly glabrous, deep green above, to +/-5cm long, 1cm broad, oblanceolate to oblong or linear.
Inflorescence - Terminal and lateral racemes, compact in flower, quickly elongating in fruit, dense, to +/-10cm long. Pedicels 2-4mm long in flower, sparse puberulent adaxially, to 5mm in fruit, spreading.
Flowers - Petals 4, white, minute or sometimes absent, to 2mm long, 1mm broad, clawed. Stamens 2 or 4, erect. Filaments white, glabrous, to +1mm long. Anthers yellow. Ovary orbicular, compressed, glabrous, green, 1mm in diameter. Style wanting. Sepals 4, cupped, greenish-white, with scarious margins, glabrous, 1mm long, -1mm broad. Silicles to 3mm in diameter, green, glabrous, drying to a brownish color, with a small notch at apex.
Flowering - February - November.
Habitat - Fields, waste ground, disturbed sites, glades, prairies, pastures, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The common name for the plant is "Pepper Grass" because the silicles have a peppery taste when ripe. The seeds are edible and are eaten by a variety of wildlife. This plant is weedy and can sometimes be found in profusion in the habitats mentioned above.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Brassicaceae
Stems - To .75m tall, densely villous, multiple from base, branching above, erect to ascending, from taproot, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate. Cauline leaves clasping, entire, crenate or shallow dentate, lanceolate, dense on stem. Basal leaves petiolate, entire or with shallow lobes.
Inflorescence - Compact terminal racemes elongating in fruit to +25cm long(tall). Axis and pedicels villous. Pedicels to 8mm long in fruit, spreading.
Flowers - Petals 4, white, clawed, to 3mm long, 1.2mm broad, glabrous, spatulate. Stamens 6. Ovary compressed. Stigma capitate, yellowish. Style short, persistent in fruit.
Fruits - Silicles 5-6mm long(high) when mature, ovate in outline, notched at apex, winged, glabrous, 1 seed per cell in fruit.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Disturbed sites, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - Despite the fact that the flowers are very small, the plant itself actually quite showy. It is just one of the many introduced members of the Brassicaceae. The plant is common in the state but not quite as common as L. virginicum, which is everywhere.
Stems - To .75m tall, densely villous, multiple from base, branching above, erect to ascending, from taproot, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate. Cauline leaves clasping, entire, crenate or shallow dentate, lanceolate, dense on stem. Basal leaves petiolate, entire or with shallow lobes.
Inflorescence - Compact terminal racemes elongating in fruit to +25cm long(tall). Axis and pedicels villous. Pedicels to 8mm long in fruit, spreading.
Flowers - Petals 4, white, clawed, to 3mm long, 1.2mm broad, glabrous, spatulate. Stamens 6. Ovary compressed. Stigma capitate, yellowish. Style short, persistent in fruit.
Fruits - Silicles 5-6mm long(high) when mature, ovate in outline, notched at apex, winged, glabrous, 1 seed per cell in fruit.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Disturbed sites, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - Despite the fact that the flowers are very small, the plant itself actually quite showy. It is just one of the many introduced members of the Brassicaceae. The plant is common in the state but not quite as common as L. virginicum, which is everywhere.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Brassicaceae
Stems - Plants mostly acaulescent, from a taproot. Scapes to +10cm long in fruit, glabrous, erect, herbaceous, multiple from the base.
Leaves - In a basal rosette, petiolate, to +5cm long, +/-1.4cm broad, glabrous. Blades deeply pinnatifid. Divisions acute, each typically with 2 or more lateral lobes. Terminal division the largest, typically 5-lobed. Leaf tissue at base of divisions tapering up the rachis and ending just before the next leaf division.
Inflorescence - Single flower terminating each scape.
Flowers - Petals 4, white with yellow at base, clawed, glabrous. Claw to 2mm long. Limb 5mm long, 3mm broad, rounded to blunt at the apex. Stamens 6, didynamous(4 & 2), erect. Filaments to 5.5mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers pale yellow, 1mm long. Ovary green, cylindric, glabrous, 2-valved, 4.5mm long, 1mm in diameter. Style short and thick, -1mm long. Sepals 4, erect, whitish-green or with a pinkish-red tinge(especially at the apex), acute, entire, linear-oblong, glabrous, gibbous at base, 4.5mm long, 1.5mm broad. Siliques to 2.5cm long, glabrous, slightly compressed, beaked. Beak to 2mm long. Seeds many.
Flowering - March - April.
Habitat - Limestone glades and bald knobs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a neat little plant which can be found in the Ozark region of Missouri. The plant has a short growing season but is striking when in flower. It would make a good rock garden specimen and grows well from seed. This species is easily identified in the field by its pinnatifid leaves and big (for the size of the plant) flowers.
Stems - Plants mostly acaulescent, from a taproot. Scapes to +10cm long in fruit, glabrous, erect, herbaceous, multiple from the base.
Leaves - In a basal rosette, petiolate, to +5cm long, +/-1.4cm broad, glabrous. Blades deeply pinnatifid. Divisions acute, each typically with 2 or more lateral lobes. Terminal division the largest, typically 5-lobed. Leaf tissue at base of divisions tapering up the rachis and ending just before the next leaf division.
Inflorescence - Single flower terminating each scape.
Flowers - Petals 4, white with yellow at base, clawed, glabrous. Claw to 2mm long. Limb 5mm long, 3mm broad, rounded to blunt at the apex. Stamens 6, didynamous(4 & 2), erect. Filaments to 5.5mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers pale yellow, 1mm long. Ovary green, cylindric, glabrous, 2-valved, 4.5mm long, 1mm in diameter. Style short and thick, -1mm long. Sepals 4, erect, whitish-green or with a pinkish-red tinge(especially at the apex), acute, entire, linear-oblong, glabrous, gibbous at base, 4.5mm long, 1.5mm broad. Siliques to 2.5cm long, glabrous, slightly compressed, beaked. Beak to 2mm long. Seeds many.
Flowering - March - April.
Habitat - Limestone glades and bald knobs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a neat little plant which can be found in the Ozark region of Missouri. The plant has a short growing season but is striking when in flower. It would make a good rock garden specimen and grows well from seed. This species is easily identified in the field by its pinnatifid leaves and big (for the size of the plant) flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Ranunculaceae
Stems - To +30cm tall, herbaceous, glabrous, purplish-red, erect, from a small caudex and fibrous roots.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate, ternately divided. Petioles of the basal leaves to +/-12cm long, glabrous. Petiolules glabrous. Petioles of the upper leaves reduced. Ultimate divisions of the leaves rounded at the apex, with a minute mucro, glabrous, often pale below, purplish-green. Leaves to +/-8cm broad, +/-6cm long, reduced upwards.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers. Flowers becoming more dense near the apex of the stems. Stipules subtending the flowers scarious-purple, rounded, glabrous. Pedicels glabrous, to +/1cm long. Leaves reduced to bracts in the inflorescence.
Flowers - Petals absent. Sepals petaloid. Sepals 5(6), white, glabrous, entire, rounded at the apex, slightly tapered at the base, oblong-elliptic, to +/-1cm long, +/-5mm broad, distinct. Stamens many, +/-50, arising from below the carpels, mostly erect. Filaments white, glabrous, to 4mm long, very thin, clavate. Anthers yellow, globose, .4-.5mm in diameter. Pollen white. Carpels 6, arranged in a ring, green, erect, distinct, glabrous, +/-3mm long in flower. Ovary 1mm long. Style 2mm long. Stigma minute. Receptacle naked.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Low woods, ravines, flood plains.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - You know spring has arrived when you start to see this little plant bloom. It adds a splash of white to the understory of woods covered with the drab leaves of fall and winter. The plant forms colonies with its horizontal creeping stems. It is usually associated with other species such as Claytonia virginica, Eyrthronium albidum, and Erigenia bulbosa.
The species name comes from the leaves which are "twice three-times divided" or biternate, (even though some are triternate).
Stems - To +30cm tall, herbaceous, glabrous, purplish-red, erect, from a small caudex and fibrous roots.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate, ternately divided. Petioles of the basal leaves to +/-12cm long, glabrous. Petiolules glabrous. Petioles of the upper leaves reduced. Ultimate divisions of the leaves rounded at the apex, with a minute mucro, glabrous, often pale below, purplish-green. Leaves to +/-8cm broad, +/-6cm long, reduced upwards.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers. Flowers becoming more dense near the apex of the stems. Stipules subtending the flowers scarious-purple, rounded, glabrous. Pedicels glabrous, to +/1cm long. Leaves reduced to bracts in the inflorescence.
Flowers - Petals absent. Sepals petaloid. Sepals 5(6), white, glabrous, entire, rounded at the apex, slightly tapered at the base, oblong-elliptic, to +/-1cm long, +/-5mm broad, distinct. Stamens many, +/-50, arising from below the carpels, mostly erect. Filaments white, glabrous, to 4mm long, very thin, clavate. Anthers yellow, globose, .4-.5mm in diameter. Pollen white. Carpels 6, arranged in a ring, green, erect, distinct, glabrous, +/-3mm long in flower. Ovary 1mm long. Style 2mm long. Stigma minute. Receptacle naked.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Low woods, ravines, flood plains.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - You know spring has arrived when you start to see this little plant bloom. It adds a splash of white to the understory of woods covered with the drab leaves of fall and winter. The plant forms colonies with its horizontal creeping stems. It is usually associated with other species such as Claytonia virginica, Eyrthronium albidum, and Erigenia bulbosa.
The species name comes from the leaves which are "twice three-times divided" or biternate, (even though some are triternate).
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Convolvulaceae
Stems - Vining, twining, somewhat woody - especially below, to many meters long, branching or not, somewhat angled, glabrous to pubescent. Root is large (+50cm long and weighing up to 30 pounds), vertical, and tuber-like.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-9cm long, glabrous to pubescent, with a shallow adaxial groove. Blades typically cordate, sometimes pandurate, entire, acute, glabrous to pubescent, green above, light green below, to +/-15cm long, +/-11cm broad, entire. Margins often wavy.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate cymes of 2-10 flowers. Pedicels to +2cm long, glabrous. Each division of cyme subtended by foliaceous bracts. Bracts to +/-2cm long.
Flowers - Corolla white with a wine-colored base internally, salverform, to +/-8cm long and broad, glabrous. Stamens 5, unequal, adnate near base of corolla tube, included. Filaments to +2cm long, glabrous apically, pubescent and expanded slightly at base. Anthers whitish-pink, +/-8mm long. Style 3.5cm long, glabrous, white, included. Ovary superior, green, conic, 1-2mm long, 2-locular, with 2 ovules. Placentation axile. Ovary with a green nectary at base. Stigma biglobose, 2-3mm broad, becoming brown when dried. Calyx of 5 unequal sepals. Sepals distinct, overlapping, with rugose venation, the largest to +2.5cm long, +/-1.6cm broad, glabrous, entire, elliptic-ovate, acute, often with a purple tint.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Moist soils, thickets, waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Steyermark lists two forms for the state. Form pandurata (pictured above) has short hairs on either one or both leaf surfaces. Form leviuscula Fern. has glabrous leaves. These forms are probably not valid.
Like most of the members of this genus, this plant can get weedy, but it is quite striking in full flower.
The leaves of this species are quite variable, especially when the plant is young.
Stems - Vining, twining, somewhat woody - especially below, to many meters long, branching or not, somewhat angled, glabrous to pubescent. Root is large (+50cm long and weighing up to 30 pounds), vertical, and tuber-like.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-9cm long, glabrous to pubescent, with a shallow adaxial groove. Blades typically cordate, sometimes pandurate, entire, acute, glabrous to pubescent, green above, light green below, to +/-15cm long, +/-11cm broad, entire. Margins often wavy.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate cymes of 2-10 flowers. Pedicels to +2cm long, glabrous. Each division of cyme subtended by foliaceous bracts. Bracts to +/-2cm long.
Flowers - Corolla white with a wine-colored base internally, salverform, to +/-8cm long and broad, glabrous. Stamens 5, unequal, adnate near base of corolla tube, included. Filaments to +2cm long, glabrous apically, pubescent and expanded slightly at base. Anthers whitish-pink, +/-8mm long. Style 3.5cm long, glabrous, white, included. Ovary superior, green, conic, 1-2mm long, 2-locular, with 2 ovules. Placentation axile. Ovary with a green nectary at base. Stigma biglobose, 2-3mm broad, becoming brown when dried. Calyx of 5 unequal sepals. Sepals distinct, overlapping, with rugose venation, the largest to +2.5cm long, +/-1.6cm broad, glabrous, entire, elliptic-ovate, acute, often with a purple tint.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Moist soils, thickets, waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Steyermark lists two forms for the state. Form pandurata (pictured above) has short hairs on either one or both leaf surfaces. Form leviuscula Fern. has glabrous leaves. These forms are probably not valid.
Like most of the members of this genus, this plant can get weedy, but it is quite striking in full flower.
The leaves of this species are quite variable, especially when the plant is young.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Ranunculaceae
Stems - To 25cm tall, from thick rhizome, hirsute, (at least in upper portions), herbaceous, with only two leaves.
Leaves - Two, alternate, double or triple serrate, pubescent above and below. Lower leaf petiolate, 5-11 palmately lobed, to +10cm broad, +8cm long. Petiole hirsute, to +2cm long. Upper leaf sessile, typically smaller than lower leaf.
Inflorescence - A single flower per plant, terminating stem.
Flowers - One, apetalous. Sepals 3, shed at anthesis. Stamens many(+50). Filaments white, glabrous, thicker at apex than base, to 1mm thick, 8-9mm long, curved. Anthers yellow, to 1mm long. Peduncle to +2cm long, thick, hirsute. Fruit a sub-globose cluster of red berries, to 1.3cm broad.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Rich slopes, woods, ravines, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a fairly common plant which is often dug for medicinal reasons. The plant contains different alkaloids and was used in folk medicine to combat everything from cancer to stomach aches. It is, however, toxic and should not be eaten. Please admire the plant for its beauty and don't pick it!
Stems - To 25cm tall, from thick rhizome, hirsute, (at least in upper portions), herbaceous, with only two leaves.
Leaves - Two, alternate, double or triple serrate, pubescent above and below. Lower leaf petiolate, 5-11 palmately lobed, to +10cm broad, +8cm long. Petiole hirsute, to +2cm long. Upper leaf sessile, typically smaller than lower leaf.
Inflorescence - A single flower per plant, terminating stem.
Flowers - One, apetalous. Sepals 3, shed at anthesis. Stamens many(+50). Filaments white, glabrous, thicker at apex than base, to 1mm thick, 8-9mm long, curved. Anthers yellow, to 1mm long. Peduncle to +2cm long, thick, hirsute. Fruit a sub-globose cluster of red berries, to 1.3cm broad.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Rich slopes, woods, ravines, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a fairly common plant which is often dug for medicinal reasons. The plant contains different alkaloids and was used in folk medicine to combat everything from cancer to stomach aches. It is, however, toxic and should not be eaten. Please admire the plant for its beauty and don't pick it!
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Malvaceae
Stems - To 2.5m tall, herbaceous, glabrous and glaucous to pubescent, reddish above, multiple from base, branching.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petiole to 8cm long, glabrous and glaucous to sparse pubescent, reddish. Blade ovate, cordate to subcordate at base, acuminate at apex, to 15cm long, +10cm broad, glabrous to sparse pubescent or sericeous with stellate hairs below, dentate, with or without small lobes, NOT with two pointed lobes at base perpendicular to midrib (these are found in H. militaris (syn. H. laevis) which can have an identical flower). Veins of blade typically red.
Inflorescence - Single pedunculate flowers from leaf axils. Peduncle to +4cm long, reddish, glabrous and glaucous to pubescent. Flowers subtended by ring of 10 erect attenuate bracts. Bracts to +2.5cm long, 2mm broad, pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla large, to +15cm broad. Petals 5, adnate to stamen column at base, white(or pink) with wine color at base, to 10cm long, 6cm broad, externally dense stellate pubescent at base. Stamens many at apex of column. Filaments to 3mm long. Anthers 2mm long. Carpels 5. Style 5-parted near apex. Stigmas 5, capitate. Calyx tube to +2cm long, 5-lobed, 5-nerved, stellate pubescent. Lobes to 2cm long, 1.7cm broad at base, acuminate, dense stellate pubescent. Calyx accrescent.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Wet edges of ponds, lakes, ditches, and streams, low wet woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is quite variable in its pubescence. Some plants are almost completely glabrous and others just a meter away are densely pubescent. The corolla is typically white with the wine base but pink flowered plants are found also. Here is a pink plant:
The flowers of this plant are very showy and dominate the landscape when in full bloom. This is a great native plant to use in a wet garden location. The seeds are easy to collect as the capsule stays within the persistent calyx until it dries and falls.
Stems - To 2.5m tall, herbaceous, glabrous and glaucous to pubescent, reddish above, multiple from base, branching.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petiole to 8cm long, glabrous and glaucous to sparse pubescent, reddish. Blade ovate, cordate to subcordate at base, acuminate at apex, to 15cm long, +10cm broad, glabrous to sparse pubescent or sericeous with stellate hairs below, dentate, with or without small lobes, NOT with two pointed lobes at base perpendicular to midrib (these are found in H. militaris (syn. H. laevis) which can have an identical flower). Veins of blade typically red.
Inflorescence - Single pedunculate flowers from leaf axils. Peduncle to +4cm long, reddish, glabrous and glaucous to pubescent. Flowers subtended by ring of 10 erect attenuate bracts. Bracts to +2.5cm long, 2mm broad, pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla large, to +15cm broad. Petals 5, adnate to stamen column at base, white(or pink) with wine color at base, to 10cm long, 6cm broad, externally dense stellate pubescent at base. Stamens many at apex of column. Filaments to 3mm long. Anthers 2mm long. Carpels 5. Style 5-parted near apex. Stigmas 5, capitate. Calyx tube to +2cm long, 5-lobed, 5-nerved, stellate pubescent. Lobes to 2cm long, 1.7cm broad at base, acuminate, dense stellate pubescent. Calyx accrescent.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Wet edges of ponds, lakes, ditches, and streams, low wet woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is quite variable in its pubescence. Some plants are almost completely glabrous and others just a meter away are densely pubescent. The corolla is typically white with the wine base but pink flowered plants are found also. Here is a pink plant:
The flowers of this plant are very showy and dominate the landscape when in full bloom. This is a great native plant to use in a wet garden location. The seeds are easy to collect as the capsule stays within the persistent calyx until it dries and falls.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Ranunculaceae
Stems - Absent. Leaves and flowers from a small caudex and thickened roots.
Leaves - Few to many leaves from the base of the plant, petiolate. Leaves at anthesis from previous year. New seasons leaves appearing after the flowers. Petioles to +/-15cm long, purplish, sericeous, flattened or with a shallow groove adaxially. Blades 3-lobed, to +/-8cm long, +/-10cm broad, green when fresh, overwintering, mottled or purple, sericeous below (sparse), glabrous above. Lobes acute, entire, broadly ovate. Lateral lobes oblique at the base.
Inflorescence - One to many flowers arising from the base of the plant. Bracts enclosing the flower buds purple-scarious, glabrous, to +/-1.5cm long, acute. Peduncles quickly expanding in flower to +/-9cm long, purplish-green, sericeous, with long hairs, mostly terete.
Flowers - Sepals petaloid, 6, typically blue but also white or rose, to 1.5cm long, +/-7mm broad, glabrous, mostly rounded at the apex, oblong, distinct. Stamens many (+/-40), arising from beneath the carpels, mostly erect. Filaments white, glabrous, slightly thickened at the apex, to 6mm long. Anthers white to pale yellow, 1mm long and broad. Carpels many, green, to 3mm long in flower (total), sericeous (pilose) mostly in the basal 2/3. Receptacle pilose. Floral bracts 4, green, sericeous externally, glabrous internally, entire, to 1cm long, to 5mm broad, elliptic to lanceolate, rounded to acute at the apex, distinct.
Flowering - February - April.
Habitat - Rich, north-facing slopes of well drained soils. Typically on limestone.
Origin - Native to U.S. (and Europe?)
Other info. - This attractive species can be found mainly in the eastern half of the state. The plant is easy to identify because of its three-lobed leaves. No other plant in the state resembles it. The typical flower color is blue but the white-flowered form is common also. Here is a bluish group of flowers:
Another species, H. americana (DC.) Ker, is similar but has leaves which are rounded at the apices. This latter species is less common in Missouri.
To read about the medicinal uses of Hepatica see the Hepatica americana page.
Stems - Absent. Leaves and flowers from a small caudex and thickened roots.
Leaves - Few to many leaves from the base of the plant, petiolate. Leaves at anthesis from previous year. New seasons leaves appearing after the flowers. Petioles to +/-15cm long, purplish, sericeous, flattened or with a shallow groove adaxially. Blades 3-lobed, to +/-8cm long, +/-10cm broad, green when fresh, overwintering, mottled or purple, sericeous below (sparse), glabrous above. Lobes acute, entire, broadly ovate. Lateral lobes oblique at the base.
Inflorescence - One to many flowers arising from the base of the plant. Bracts enclosing the flower buds purple-scarious, glabrous, to +/-1.5cm long, acute. Peduncles quickly expanding in flower to +/-9cm long, purplish-green, sericeous, with long hairs, mostly terete.
Flowers - Sepals petaloid, 6, typically blue but also white or rose, to 1.5cm long, +/-7mm broad, glabrous, mostly rounded at the apex, oblong, distinct. Stamens many (+/-40), arising from beneath the carpels, mostly erect. Filaments white, glabrous, slightly thickened at the apex, to 6mm long. Anthers white to pale yellow, 1mm long and broad. Carpels many, green, to 3mm long in flower (total), sericeous (pilose) mostly in the basal 2/3. Receptacle pilose. Floral bracts 4, green, sericeous externally, glabrous internally, entire, to 1cm long, to 5mm broad, elliptic to lanceolate, rounded to acute at the apex, distinct.
Flowering - February - April.
Habitat - Rich, north-facing slopes of well drained soils. Typically on limestone.
Origin - Native to U.S. (and Europe?)
Other info. - This attractive species can be found mainly in the eastern half of the state. The plant is easy to identify because of its three-lobed leaves. No other plant in the state resembles it. The typical flower color is blue but the white-flowered form is common also. Here is a bluish group of flowers:
Another species, H. americana (DC.) Ker, is similar but has leaves which are rounded at the apices. This latter species is less common in Missouri.
To read about the medicinal uses of Hepatica see the Hepatica americana page.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Boraginaceae
Stems - To +/-25cm tall, erect, branching, herbaceous, terete, with a fairly dense appressed grey pubescence (giving the stems a grey appearance), from a taproot and some spreading roots, often becoming purplish in strong sun.
Leaves - Alternate, short-petiolate to sessile, linear, to 4cn long, 3-5mm broad. Petioles to 2-3mm long. Blades deep green above, with appressed pubescence, with a single midrib, entire, acute. Margins often revolute in strong sun.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate loose cymes. Flowers sessile.
Flowers - Corolla white, 5-lobed, 5-6mm broad, salverform. Corolla tube canescent externally, 3mm long. Corolla lobes rounded, glabrous internally, to 2mm broad. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the corolla tube, included. Filaments wanting. Anthers to 1mm long, surrounding the pistil. Ovary superior, globose, green, .3mm in diameter. Style minute. Stigma subconic, .6mm long. Sepals 5, equal to unequal, with the same pubescence as the stem, linear-oblong, to 5-6mm long, 1-2mm broad, entire.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Limestone glades and rocky prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species is common in the Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is a characteristic glade species. H. tenellum is an easy species to ID because of its canescent stems, small white flowers, and habitat.
Stems - To +/-25cm tall, erect, branching, herbaceous, terete, with a fairly dense appressed grey pubescence (giving the stems a grey appearance), from a taproot and some spreading roots, often becoming purplish in strong sun.
Leaves - Alternate, short-petiolate to sessile, linear, to 4cn long, 3-5mm broad. Petioles to 2-3mm long. Blades deep green above, with appressed pubescence, with a single midrib, entire, acute. Margins often revolute in strong sun.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate loose cymes. Flowers sessile.
Flowers - Corolla white, 5-lobed, 5-6mm broad, salverform. Corolla tube canescent externally, 3mm long. Corolla lobes rounded, glabrous internally, to 2mm broad. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the corolla tube, included. Filaments wanting. Anthers to 1mm long, surrounding the pistil. Ovary superior, globose, green, .3mm in diameter. Style minute. Stigma subconic, .6mm long. Sepals 5, equal to unequal, with the same pubescence as the stem, linear-oblong, to 5-6mm long, 1-2mm broad, entire.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Limestone glades and rocky prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species is common in the Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is a characteristic glade species. H. tenellum is an easy species to ID because of its canescent stems, small white flowers, and habitat.
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