文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Brassicaceae
Stems - From a big taproot, multiple (typically) to single from the base, branching, to +/-10cm tall, herbaceous, erect, densely stellate pubescent (the hairs stipitate), purplish, terete. Lateral stems and branches ascending.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, coarsely toothed, forked and stellate pubescent on both surfaces (the hairs with swollen bases), deep shiny green above, silvery green below, to -2cm long, 1cm broad, tapering to the base, oblanceolate, acute to slightly rounded at the apex, in a basal rosette and also in the lower 1/2 of the stems.
Inflorescence - Compact terminal racemes, quickly elongating in fruit. Pedicels to 4mm long in flower, slightly longer in fruit, densely forked and stellate pubescent, green.
Flowers - Petals 4, white, spreading, glabrous, distinct, clawed. Claw to 1mm long, slightly greenish. Limb to 4mm long, 3mm broad, emarginate at the apex, entire. Stamens 6, 4 larger and 2 smaller, distinct, erect. Filaments green, glabrous, to 2mm long. Anthers yellow, bilobed, .6-.8mm long, .5mm broad. Pollen white. Ovary green, glabrous, 1.3mm long in flower, .9mm broad. Style absent. Stigma small. Ovary 2-locular, many seeded, sessile. Sepals 4, erect to slightly spreading, distinct, green, 2-2.2mm long, 1.3mm broad, acute, entire, slightly cupped, pubescent externally with forked and stellate hairs, glabrous internally, margins slightly scarious.
Flowering - February - May.
Habitat - Edges and tops of bluffs, rocky open glades and ledges, rocky open woods. Typically on limestone.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This tiny species can be found mainly in the southern half of Missouri. Like others in the genus, this species is one of the first native plants to bloom in the spring.
D. cuneifolia can be easily identified in the field because of its habitat, small size, cuneate leaves, and stellate pubescence, which is found on the leaves, stems, pedicels, and calices.
Stems - From a big taproot, multiple (typically) to single from the base, branching, to +/-10cm tall, herbaceous, erect, densely stellate pubescent (the hairs stipitate), purplish, terete. Lateral stems and branches ascending.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, coarsely toothed, forked and stellate pubescent on both surfaces (the hairs with swollen bases), deep shiny green above, silvery green below, to -2cm long, 1cm broad, tapering to the base, oblanceolate, acute to slightly rounded at the apex, in a basal rosette and also in the lower 1/2 of the stems.
Inflorescence - Compact terminal racemes, quickly elongating in fruit. Pedicels to 4mm long in flower, slightly longer in fruit, densely forked and stellate pubescent, green.
Flowers - Petals 4, white, spreading, glabrous, distinct, clawed. Claw to 1mm long, slightly greenish. Limb to 4mm long, 3mm broad, emarginate at the apex, entire. Stamens 6, 4 larger and 2 smaller, distinct, erect. Filaments green, glabrous, to 2mm long. Anthers yellow, bilobed, .6-.8mm long, .5mm broad. Pollen white. Ovary green, glabrous, 1.3mm long in flower, .9mm broad. Style absent. Stigma small. Ovary 2-locular, many seeded, sessile. Sepals 4, erect to slightly spreading, distinct, green, 2-2.2mm long, 1.3mm broad, acute, entire, slightly cupped, pubescent externally with forked and stellate hairs, glabrous internally, margins slightly scarious.
Flowering - February - May.
Habitat - Edges and tops of bluffs, rocky open glades and ledges, rocky open woods. Typically on limestone.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This tiny species can be found mainly in the southern half of Missouri. Like others in the genus, this species is one of the first native plants to bloom in the spring.
D. cuneifolia can be easily identified in the field because of its habitat, small size, cuneate leaves, and stellate pubescence, which is found on the leaves, stems, pedicels, and calices.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Brassicaceae
Stems - To +/-10cm tall, multiple or single from the base, branching, erect, herbaceous, purplish in strong sun, densely appressed pubescent with forked hairs, from a small taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, sessile above. Petioles of lower leaves to +/-5mm long, flattened, with same pubescence as the stem. Blades ovate, typically with 2 small teeth or entire, with same pubescence as the stem, rounded to subacute at apex. Cauline leaves sessile, becoming lanceolate, densely pubescent, entire.
Inflorescence - Terminal and lateral compact racemes, elongating in fruit. Pedicels to -5mm long in flower. Pedicels and axis densely pubescent.
Flowers - Petals 4, erect to spreading, distinct, white, short-clawed, glabrous, to 3mm long, 2mm broad. Limb obovate, entire, rounded at apex. Stamens 6, erect. Filaments greenish, glabrous, 1mm long. Anthers yellow, .4mm long. Ovary glabrous, green with a purple tinge, 1mm long, slightly compressed, ovoid. Sepals 4, distinct, purplish with scarious margins, +1mm long, .7mm broad, oblong-ovate, round at the apex, pubescent as the stem but not as densely. Silicles glabrous, elliptic, tapering at both ends, to 6mm long
Flowering - March - April.
Habitat - Fields, glades, pastures, prairies, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This tiny species is one of the first plants to bloom in the spring but is often overlooked because of its small size. The plant has a very short flowering period and is usually found in fruit. D. brachycarpa is very common in the lower half of Missouri and can be found in the northern half also.
This is probably the most common species of Draba found in the state.
Stems - To +/-10cm tall, multiple or single from the base, branching, erect, herbaceous, purplish in strong sun, densely appressed pubescent with forked hairs, from a small taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, sessile above. Petioles of lower leaves to +/-5mm long, flattened, with same pubescence as the stem. Blades ovate, typically with 2 small teeth or entire, with same pubescence as the stem, rounded to subacute at apex. Cauline leaves sessile, becoming lanceolate, densely pubescent, entire.
Inflorescence - Terminal and lateral compact racemes, elongating in fruit. Pedicels to -5mm long in flower. Pedicels and axis densely pubescent.
Flowers - Petals 4, erect to spreading, distinct, white, short-clawed, glabrous, to 3mm long, 2mm broad. Limb obovate, entire, rounded at apex. Stamens 6, erect. Filaments greenish, glabrous, 1mm long. Anthers yellow, .4mm long. Ovary glabrous, green with a purple tinge, 1mm long, slightly compressed, ovoid. Sepals 4, distinct, purplish with scarious margins, +1mm long, .7mm broad, oblong-ovate, round at the apex, pubescent as the stem but not as densely. Silicles glabrous, elliptic, tapering at both ends, to 6mm long
Flowering - March - April.
Habitat - Fields, glades, pastures, prairies, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This tiny species is one of the first plants to bloom in the spring but is often overlooked because of its small size. The plant has a very short flowering period and is usually found in fruit. D. brachycarpa is very common in the lower half of Missouri and can be found in the northern half also.
This is probably the most common species of Draba found in the state.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Ebenaceae
Stems - Twigs pubescent, with reddish-brown solid pith. New season's growth densely pubescent, green, terete, with short and long hairs. Mature bark blocky with square blocks. Tree to 20m tall but typically seen smaller and more shrubby.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +2cm long, densely pubescent with short and long hairs, light green. Blades to +/-15cm long, +/-8cm broad, ovate, acute, deep shiny green and glabrous above, dull-light green and pubescent below, entire. Main lateral veins expressed below. Leaves of the inflorescence reduced.
Inflorescence - Paired or triple axillary flowers on the new season's growth. Peduncle to +3cm long, densely pubescent. Pedicels to +3cm long, densely pubescent with short and long hairs. Central flower of the inflorescence flowering first.
Flowers - Staminate - Corolla tube white, glabrous internally, mostly glabrous externally but pubescent on the lobes, 1cm long, 7-8mm broad. Lobes recurved, yellowish, 3mm long, 4-5mm broad, rounded. Stamens many (+/-16) adnate at the base of the corolla tube, erect, included. Filaments white, short, to 1mm long, antrorse pubescent at the apex. Anthers 4-5mm long, +1mm broad, brown. A vestigal pistil is surrounded by the stamens in the staminate flowers. Calyx 4-lobed, green, appressed to the corolla tube. Lobes 3mm long, +2mm broad at the base, acute, pubescent externally, mostly glabrous internally except near the apex. Pistillate flowers not seen but larger than the staminate. Fruits globose, 2-6cm in diameter, orange, frequently glaucous, with the persistent calyx. Seeds few to many, strongly compressed, brown.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Dry open and rocky woods, glade edges, prairies, thickets, valleys along streams, old fields, clearings.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout much of Missouri but is mostly absent from the northern portion of the state. The tree is easy to identify becasue of its blocky bark which occurs very early in the plants growth. The sweet, edible fruits are reputed to be best only after they have been through a freezing period. The fruits don't keep long after being picked but can remain on the trees a long time and through much of the winter.
The wood of Persimmon is very hard and was traditionally used to make golf-club heads. It can also be turned into tool handles and other small objects. Pool cues are also frequently made from this wood.
Stems - Twigs pubescent, with reddish-brown solid pith. New season's growth densely pubescent, green, terete, with short and long hairs. Mature bark blocky with square blocks. Tree to 20m tall but typically seen smaller and more shrubby.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +2cm long, densely pubescent with short and long hairs, light green. Blades to +/-15cm long, +/-8cm broad, ovate, acute, deep shiny green and glabrous above, dull-light green and pubescent below, entire. Main lateral veins expressed below. Leaves of the inflorescence reduced.
Inflorescence - Paired or triple axillary flowers on the new season's growth. Peduncle to +3cm long, densely pubescent. Pedicels to +3cm long, densely pubescent with short and long hairs. Central flower of the inflorescence flowering first.
Flowers - Staminate - Corolla tube white, glabrous internally, mostly glabrous externally but pubescent on the lobes, 1cm long, 7-8mm broad. Lobes recurved, yellowish, 3mm long, 4-5mm broad, rounded. Stamens many (+/-16) adnate at the base of the corolla tube, erect, included. Filaments white, short, to 1mm long, antrorse pubescent at the apex. Anthers 4-5mm long, +1mm broad, brown. A vestigal pistil is surrounded by the stamens in the staminate flowers. Calyx 4-lobed, green, appressed to the corolla tube. Lobes 3mm long, +2mm broad at the base, acute, pubescent externally, mostly glabrous internally except near the apex. Pistillate flowers not seen but larger than the staminate. Fruits globose, 2-6cm in diameter, orange, frequently glaucous, with the persistent calyx. Seeds few to many, strongly compressed, brown.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Dry open and rocky woods, glade edges, prairies, thickets, valleys along streams, old fields, clearings.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout much of Missouri but is mostly absent from the northern portion of the state. The tree is easy to identify becasue of its blocky bark which occurs very early in the plants growth. The sweet, edible fruits are reputed to be best only after they have been through a freezing period. The fruits don't keep long after being picked but can remain on the trees a long time and through much of the winter.
The wood of Persimmon is very hard and was traditionally used to make golf-club heads. It can also be turned into tool handles and other small objects. Pool cues are also frequently made from this wood.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Fumariaceae
Stems - Plant acaulescent, from a scaly pinkish bulb and many smaller bulblets with fleshy roots.
Leaves - Basal, long-petiolate, trifoliolate. Petioles to -15cm long, glabrous. Leaflets petiolulate, pinnately divided again. Ultimate divisions glabrous, oblong to elliptic-oblong, with a minute mucronate tip, entire, green above, silvery-green below.
Inflorescence - Long pedunculate raceme arising from the bulb, arching at apex, glabrous. Pedicels to 6-7mm long, glabrous, each subtended by a small scalelike bract. Bract cupulate around base of pedicel, to 1.5mm long.
Flowers - Flowers glabrous. Outer 2 petals with extended saccate bases, to 1.5cm long, white, connate, with cupulate and reflexed apical lobes. The apical lobes with yellow at the base(the throat of the corolla). Inner 2 petals to 1cm long, connate around other floral organs, winged at apex. Stamens 6, erect. Filaments compressed and folded around the pistil, to 8mm long, 1mm broad at base, white with purple at apex, glabrous. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, 2-valved, unilocular, 7mm long, lance-ovoid, tapering to a short style. Stigma compressed, capitate. Sepals 4, in two pairs, decussate. First pair of sepals minute, whitish, acute, to 2mm long. Second pair ovate, to 4mm long, with pinkish midvein, rounded at apex.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Rich north facing slopes, ravines, rich slopes along streams.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small plant is one of the most popular of the spring species. The plant is striking with or without flowers but has a short growing season. This species would be good in cultivation but another species, D. spectabilis (L.) DC. is much more popular. D. spectabilis is a more robust plant with pinkish-red flowers and is commonly known as "Bleeding Heart":
D. spectabilis is native to Asia.
Stems - Plant acaulescent, from a scaly pinkish bulb and many smaller bulblets with fleshy roots.
Leaves - Basal, long-petiolate, trifoliolate. Petioles to -15cm long, glabrous. Leaflets petiolulate, pinnately divided again. Ultimate divisions glabrous, oblong to elliptic-oblong, with a minute mucronate tip, entire, green above, silvery-green below.
Inflorescence - Long pedunculate raceme arising from the bulb, arching at apex, glabrous. Pedicels to 6-7mm long, glabrous, each subtended by a small scalelike bract. Bract cupulate around base of pedicel, to 1.5mm long.
Flowers - Flowers glabrous. Outer 2 petals with extended saccate bases, to 1.5cm long, white, connate, with cupulate and reflexed apical lobes. The apical lobes with yellow at the base(the throat of the corolla). Inner 2 petals to 1cm long, connate around other floral organs, winged at apex. Stamens 6, erect. Filaments compressed and folded around the pistil, to 8mm long, 1mm broad at base, white with purple at apex, glabrous. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, 2-valved, unilocular, 7mm long, lance-ovoid, tapering to a short style. Stigma compressed, capitate. Sepals 4, in two pairs, decussate. First pair of sepals minute, whitish, acute, to 2mm long. Second pair ovate, to 4mm long, with pinkish midvein, rounded at apex.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Rich north facing slopes, ravines, rich slopes along streams.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small plant is one of the most popular of the spring species. The plant is striking with or without flowers but has a short growing season. This species would be good in cultivation but another species, D. spectabilis (L.) DC. is much more popular. D. spectabilis is a more robust plant with pinkish-red flowers and is commonly known as "Bleeding Heart":
D. spectabilis is native to Asia.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - Herbaceous, erect, from a woody caudex, to 45cm tall, retrorse pubescent, sparse glandular pubescent also, typically unbranched.
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, trifoliolate, petiolate. Stipules fugacious, to 5-6mm long, 1mm broad, antrorse pubescent. Petioles to 7cm long, with an adaxial groove, 4-angled, sparse antrorse pubescent and puberulent. Swollen portion at base of petiole to 4mm long. Lateral leaflets entire, ovate, acute, oblique, green above, silvery green below, pubescent. Petiolules to 3mm long, pubescent. Terminal leaflet rhombic to broadly ovate, with a petiolule to 1.5cm long, colored and pubescent as lateral leaflets, entire, acute.
Inflorescence - Loose axillary racemes and panicles, compact in flower, elongated in fruit. Axis of inflorescence glandular pubescent. Pedicels to -5mm long in flower, longer in fruit, subtended by a small subulate bract. Bract to 3mm long, -1mm broad.
Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous, to 9mm broad, 4-5mm long, white. Standard -5mm long, glabrous. Wing petals spreading, 4mm long, to 2mm broad. Keels deflexed, same size as wing petals. Stamens diadelphous, the free apices curled. Tube white and glabrous. Anthers pale yellow, .2mm long. Ovary green, pubescent, 3-4mm long, compressed. Style glabrous and curved, -1.4mm long. Calyx bilabiate, glandular and antrorse pubescent. Upper lip shallowly lobed, with a notch at apex. Lower lip 3-lobed. Center lobe short-acuminate, -1mm long. Loments typically 2.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Rich, moist woods, ravines, bases of bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small species is found in the southern 1/2 of Missouri. The plant is rarely seen by common folk because of the habitat in which it lives and its indistinct appearance. This species resembles other species in the genus but is distinguished by its pure white flowers and short stature. It can form colonies when growing in favorable conditions.
Stems - Herbaceous, erect, from a woody caudex, to 45cm tall, retrorse pubescent, sparse glandular pubescent also, typically unbranched.
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, trifoliolate, petiolate. Stipules fugacious, to 5-6mm long, 1mm broad, antrorse pubescent. Petioles to 7cm long, with an adaxial groove, 4-angled, sparse antrorse pubescent and puberulent. Swollen portion at base of petiole to 4mm long. Lateral leaflets entire, ovate, acute, oblique, green above, silvery green below, pubescent. Petiolules to 3mm long, pubescent. Terminal leaflet rhombic to broadly ovate, with a petiolule to 1.5cm long, colored and pubescent as lateral leaflets, entire, acute.
Inflorescence - Loose axillary racemes and panicles, compact in flower, elongated in fruit. Axis of inflorescence glandular pubescent. Pedicels to -5mm long in flower, longer in fruit, subtended by a small subulate bract. Bract to 3mm long, -1mm broad.
Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous, to 9mm broad, 4-5mm long, white. Standard -5mm long, glabrous. Wing petals spreading, 4mm long, to 2mm broad. Keels deflexed, same size as wing petals. Stamens diadelphous, the free apices curled. Tube white and glabrous. Anthers pale yellow, .2mm long. Ovary green, pubescent, 3-4mm long, compressed. Style glabrous and curved, -1.4mm long. Calyx bilabiate, glandular and antrorse pubescent. Upper lip shallowly lobed, with a notch at apex. Lower lip 3-lobed. Center lobe short-acuminate, -1mm long. Loments typically 2.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Rich, moist woods, ravines, bases of bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small species is found in the southern 1/2 of Missouri. The plant is rarely seen by common folk because of the habitat in which it lives and its indistinct appearance. This species resembles other species in the genus but is distinguished by its pure white flowers and short stature. It can form colonies when growing in favorable conditions.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - To +/-1.5m tall, multiple from base, erect, fistulose, herbaceous, much branched, striate-nerved, glabrous or with a few sparse hairs on ridges above, green when young, becoming dark brown with age (mostly at the base).
Leaves - Alternate, bipinnately compound, stipulate, to 10cm long, 6-7cm broad. Stipules filiform, 5mm long. Typically 6-15 pinnae per leaf, with even number of leaflets on pinna. Small glands often at base of pinnae. Leaflets 3.5mm long, 1.5mm broad, oblique at base, linear-oblong, rounded at apex, glabrous, with strigillose margins.
Inflorescence - Axillary globose pedunculate cluster of many flowers. Peduncle to +/-4cm in flower, elongating in fruit, antrorse strigose.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, to 2mm long, glabrous. Calyx tube white, 1.1mm long, 5-lobed, glabrous. Lobes 1.1mm long, glabrous, acute. Stamens 5, white, glabrous, 5mm long, well exserted. Anthers yellow, .2-.3mm in diameter. Ovary 1mm long, greenish-white, glabrous. Style 4mm long, white, glabrous, well exserted. Fruits clusters of compressed, sickle-shaped (falcate) pod to +/-2cm long, 4-5mm broad, green when fresh, becoming dark brown at maturity, with +/-6 seeds.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Roadsides, railroads, open slopes, pastures, prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout much of Missouri but seems to be absent from the northeast corner of the state as well as the central Ozark region. The plant can be identified by its small, globose clusters of many flowers and its bipinnate leaves.
If you live in extreme Southwestern Missouri you might mistake this plant for Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Ktze., except for that the latter has many more stamens per flower giving the flowers clusters a much more dense look. A. angustissima also has very dark reddish-brown, woody stems and no glands on the leaf petioles.
Desmanthus is nutritionally very important, being high in protein and fatty acids.
Stems - To +/-1.5m tall, multiple from base, erect, fistulose, herbaceous, much branched, striate-nerved, glabrous or with a few sparse hairs on ridges above, green when young, becoming dark brown with age (mostly at the base).
Leaves - Alternate, bipinnately compound, stipulate, to 10cm long, 6-7cm broad. Stipules filiform, 5mm long. Typically 6-15 pinnae per leaf, with even number of leaflets on pinna. Small glands often at base of pinnae. Leaflets 3.5mm long, 1.5mm broad, oblique at base, linear-oblong, rounded at apex, glabrous, with strigillose margins.
Inflorescence - Axillary globose pedunculate cluster of many flowers. Peduncle to +/-4cm in flower, elongating in fruit, antrorse strigose.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, to 2mm long, glabrous. Calyx tube white, 1.1mm long, 5-lobed, glabrous. Lobes 1.1mm long, glabrous, acute. Stamens 5, white, glabrous, 5mm long, well exserted. Anthers yellow, .2-.3mm in diameter. Ovary 1mm long, greenish-white, glabrous. Style 4mm long, white, glabrous, well exserted. Fruits clusters of compressed, sickle-shaped (falcate) pod to +/-2cm long, 4-5mm broad, green when fresh, becoming dark brown at maturity, with +/-6 seeds.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Roadsides, railroads, open slopes, pastures, prairies.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout much of Missouri but seems to be absent from the northeast corner of the state as well as the central Ozark region. The plant can be identified by its small, globose clusters of many flowers and its bipinnate leaves.
If you live in extreme Southwestern Missouri you might mistake this plant for Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Ktze., except for that the latter has many more stamens per flower giving the flowers clusters a much more dense look. A. angustissima also has very dark reddish-brown, woody stems and no glands on the leaf petioles.
Desmanthus is nutritionally very important, being high in protein and fatty acids.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Family - Brassicaceae
Stems - To +20cm tall, erect, herbaceous, glabrous or pubescent in upper portions, from thick rhizomes.
Leaves - Two or three per plant, alternate, 3-5 palmately lobed, variable. Lobes linear-lanceolate, coarsely toothed (laciniate) to entire, glabrous, 6cm long, 1cm broad. Teeth of lobes mucronate (minutely). Petioles glabrous to pubescent.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, compact early but quickly elongating, axis short hirsute, pedicels +/-1cm, elongated in fruit, pubescent to glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 4, whitish with a hint of pink, 5mm broad, 1.6cm long, ligulate, glabrous, rounded at the apex, attenuate at the base. Stamens 6, filaments 8mm long, anthers yellow. Style erect, 7mm long. Ovary terete, longer than broad. Stigma globose. Sepals 4, oblong, brownish-green with lighter margins, entire, glabrous, to 3mm long. Fruits terete, 2-5cm long, +/-2mm in diameter, glabrous.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Low woods, slopes, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is an interesting little member of the Brassicaceae which is found in woodland habitats. It is a characteristic spring woodland plant in Missouri. The flowers are larger than those of most genera in the same family. This species is highly variable, especially the leaves. The large flowers and 3-5-lobed leaves are the characteristics to look for when trying to ID this plant.
The genus name comes from the Latin "dens" which means "tooth", not for the toothed leaves, but rather for the scales of the rhizomes and roots.
A synonym is Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) O. Schwarz.
Stems - To +20cm tall, erect, herbaceous, glabrous or pubescent in upper portions, from thick rhizomes.
Leaves - Two or three per plant, alternate, 3-5 palmately lobed, variable. Lobes linear-lanceolate, coarsely toothed (laciniate) to entire, glabrous, 6cm long, 1cm broad. Teeth of lobes mucronate (minutely). Petioles glabrous to pubescent.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, compact early but quickly elongating, axis short hirsute, pedicels +/-1cm, elongated in fruit, pubescent to glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 4, whitish with a hint of pink, 5mm broad, 1.6cm long, ligulate, glabrous, rounded at the apex, attenuate at the base. Stamens 6, filaments 8mm long, anthers yellow. Style erect, 7mm long. Ovary terete, longer than broad. Stigma globose. Sepals 4, oblong, brownish-green with lighter margins, entire, glabrous, to 3mm long. Fruits terete, 2-5cm long, +/-2mm in diameter, glabrous.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Low woods, slopes, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is an interesting little member of the Brassicaceae which is found in woodland habitats. It is a characteristic spring woodland plant in Missouri. The flowers are larger than those of most genera in the same family. This species is highly variable, especially the leaves. The large flowers and 3-5-lobed leaves are the characteristics to look for when trying to ID this plant.
The genus name comes from the Latin "dens" which means "tooth", not for the toothed leaves, but rather for the scales of the rhizomes and roots.
A synonym is Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) O. Schwarz.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Family - Ranunculaceae
Stems - To +70cm tall, erect, typically simple, herbaceous, pubescent to pannose or glandular pubescent, from fibrous roots and a small caudex.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below to sessile above. Petioles to +/-7cm long, pubescent. Blades 3-lobed, to +5cm long and broad. Each lobed divided again. Ultimate divisions linear to linear-oblong, 2mm broad, pubescent, entire.
Inflorescence - Terminal spikiform raceme to +30cm tall(long). Pedicels to 1.3cm long in flower, elongating in fruit to -3cm long, densely pubescent to densely pannose, often with pair of small subopposite bracts in upper 1/4. Each pedicel subtended by an attenuate bract to 1.5cm long, 2mm broad at base, reduced above.
Flowers - Sepals white to pale lilac. Upper sepals spurred. The spur to 1.8cm long, dense pubescent to pannose. All sepals pubescent to pannose externally, with brownish spot near apex. Petals 4. The upper two petals spurred, white to pale lilac, darker near base of spur. Lateral petals bearded. Stamens many(+/-20). Filaments flattened and broad at base, lilac below to whitish, 6-7mm long, glabrous. Anthers purple to brownish, 1.2mm long. Carpels 3, pubescent. Fruits erect, pubescent to pannose, 2cm long, terete. Seeds many(+10), with scaly projections to 3mm long.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Prairies, rocky open woods, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Although I have this plant listed as a separate species, following what Steyermark had in his book in 1963, the plant is now considered to be a subspecies of Delphinium carolinianum. The correct name is now D. carolinianum ssp virescens. This subspecies has white flowers, whereas D. carolinianum ssp carolinianum has blue flowers. Where the two subspecies overlap in range they integrade. The resulting plants can have light blue flowers as shown below:
Stems - To +70cm tall, erect, typically simple, herbaceous, pubescent to pannose or glandular pubescent, from fibrous roots and a small caudex.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below to sessile above. Petioles to +/-7cm long, pubescent. Blades 3-lobed, to +5cm long and broad. Each lobed divided again. Ultimate divisions linear to linear-oblong, 2mm broad, pubescent, entire.
Inflorescence - Terminal spikiform raceme to +30cm tall(long). Pedicels to 1.3cm long in flower, elongating in fruit to -3cm long, densely pubescent to densely pannose, often with pair of small subopposite bracts in upper 1/4. Each pedicel subtended by an attenuate bract to 1.5cm long, 2mm broad at base, reduced above.
Flowers - Sepals white to pale lilac. Upper sepals spurred. The spur to 1.8cm long, dense pubescent to pannose. All sepals pubescent to pannose externally, with brownish spot near apex. Petals 4. The upper two petals spurred, white to pale lilac, darker near base of spur. Lateral petals bearded. Stamens many(+/-20). Filaments flattened and broad at base, lilac below to whitish, 6-7mm long, glabrous. Anthers purple to brownish, 1.2mm long. Carpels 3, pubescent. Fruits erect, pubescent to pannose, 2cm long, terete. Seeds many(+10), with scaly projections to 3mm long.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Prairies, rocky open woods, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Although I have this plant listed as a separate species, following what Steyermark had in his book in 1963, the plant is now considered to be a subspecies of Delphinium carolinianum. The correct name is now D. carolinianum ssp virescens. This subspecies has white flowers, whereas D. carolinianum ssp carolinianum has blue flowers. Where the two subspecies overlap in range they integrade. The resulting plants can have light blue flowers as shown below:
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Family - Apiaceae
Stems - To 1m tall, erect, from large taproot, dense spreading to retrorse hispid, herbaceous, branching, single from base.
Leaves - Alternate, glabrous, bipinnately divided. Leaflets pinnatifid, mucronate, with spine less than .5mm long. Lowest leaves long petiolate. Upper leaves short petiolate to subsessile.
Inflorescence - A compound umbel terminating stem, to +12cm wide. Inflorescence subtended by pinnately divided threadlike bracts forming an involucre. Primary rays +20, to +7cm long. Umbellets with +20 flowers.
Flowers - Corolla to +/-3mm broad. Petals 5, unequal, glabrous, white to purple. Largest petal often cleft or divided. Stamens 5, falling early. Fruit to 4mm long, 2mm broad, with dense straight or uncinate bristles.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Roadsides, railroads, waste ground, open fields.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - My friend Hope once said, "Queen Anne's Lace is to the carrot as Asian jungle fowl is to the chicken." Indeed, Daucus carota is the wild form of the cultivated carrot. It is also a serious weed in Missouri. As the compound umbel matures it folds in on itself trapping all the spined fruits until some animal brushes the plant and is covered with the seeds.
Steyermark lists three forms of the plant. Form roseus has pink, rose, or purplish flowers. Form carota (pictured above) has white flowers with the central most flower of the umbel being dark purple. Form epurpuratus has all white flowers, none purple, as the name suggests.
Stems - To 1m tall, erect, from large taproot, dense spreading to retrorse hispid, herbaceous, branching, single from base.
Leaves - Alternate, glabrous, bipinnately divided. Leaflets pinnatifid, mucronate, with spine less than .5mm long. Lowest leaves long petiolate. Upper leaves short petiolate to subsessile.
Inflorescence - A compound umbel terminating stem, to +12cm wide. Inflorescence subtended by pinnately divided threadlike bracts forming an involucre. Primary rays +20, to +7cm long. Umbellets with +20 flowers.
Flowers - Corolla to +/-3mm broad. Petals 5, unequal, glabrous, white to purple. Largest petal often cleft or divided. Stamens 5, falling early. Fruit to 4mm long, 2mm broad, with dense straight or uncinate bristles.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Roadsides, railroads, waste ground, open fields.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - My friend Hope once said, "Queen Anne's Lace is to the carrot as Asian jungle fowl is to the chicken." Indeed, Daucus carota is the wild form of the cultivated carrot. It is also a serious weed in Missouri. As the compound umbel matures it folds in on itself trapping all the spined fruits until some animal brushes the plant and is covered with the seeds.
Steyermark lists three forms of the plant. Form roseus has pink, rose, or purplish flowers. Form carota (pictured above) has white flowers with the central most flower of the umbel being dark purple. Form epurpuratus has all white flowers, none purple, as the name suggests.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Family - Cuscutaceae
Stems - Typically greenish-yellow to orange, thin, herbaceous, twining, glabrous, typically achlorophyllous or with sparse chlorophyll, attaching to host with haustoria.
Leaves - Absent or scalelike and alternate.
Inflorescence - Typically loose to compact cymose globular clusters (but very dense in a couple of species). Flowers sessile or on pedicillate.
Flowers - Typically 4 to 5-merous, to 5mm long, creamy white. Corolla lobes acute to obtuse or rounded, spreading to reflexed or erect. Stamens typically with scalelike appendages. Appendages often fimbriate. Styles typically 2, sometimes single or united. Ovary globose, 2-locular. Fruit typically a globose circumsissle capsule with 2 seeds per locule.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Many found in low wet areas and pond margins, others found in prairies, glades, thickets, and cultivated ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Although these plants are common, identifying each species can be a lesson in frustration. A good lens or microscope is needed to view the floral parts in detail. Each species is also typically consistently parasitic on a few host species. This fact can also help with an ID. Consult Steyermark if you want to try an individual ID for yourself. Good luck.
This genus was formerly in the Family Convolvulaceae.
Stems - Typically greenish-yellow to orange, thin, herbaceous, twining, glabrous, typically achlorophyllous or with sparse chlorophyll, attaching to host with haustoria.
Leaves - Absent or scalelike and alternate.
Inflorescence - Typically loose to compact cymose globular clusters (but very dense in a couple of species). Flowers sessile or on pedicillate.
Flowers - Typically 4 to 5-merous, to 5mm long, creamy white. Corolla lobes acute to obtuse or rounded, spreading to reflexed or erect. Stamens typically with scalelike appendages. Appendages often fimbriate. Styles typically 2, sometimes single or united. Ovary globose, 2-locular. Fruit typically a globose circumsissle capsule with 2 seeds per locule.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Many found in low wet areas and pond margins, others found in prairies, glades, thickets, and cultivated ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Although these plants are common, identifying each species can be a lesson in frustration. A good lens or microscope is needed to view the floral parts in detail. Each species is also typically consistently parasitic on a few host species. This fact can also help with an ID. Consult Steyermark if you want to try an individual ID for yourself. Good luck.
This genus was formerly in the Family Convolvulaceae.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Family - Apiaceae
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, herbaceous, from slender to thickened roots, branching, glabrous.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, sessile above, trifoliolate. Petioles of lowest leaves to +/-10cm long, sheathing, glabrous. Leaflets to +/-15cm long, 8cm broad, double-serrate, often obliquely lobed. Undivided leaflets typically ovate, acute to acuminate. All leaflets glabrous, abruptly contracted near base and with tissue decurrent on petiolule.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary compound umbels. Rays of umbels unequal, glabrous, to +2cm long. Raylets unequal, glabrous, to 7mm long. Umbellets subtended by 1-3 lanceolate bracts(bractlets). Bracts to 4mm long, 1mm broad.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, involute, to 2mm long, .6mm broad, apiculate, glabrous. Stamens 5, spreading. Filaments white, glabrous, .9mm long. Anthers yellow. Styles 2, glabrous, white, 1mm long, persistent in fruit. Ovary inferior, green, glabrous, 1.4mm long, .9mm broad. Fruit to 6mm long, ribbed, somewhat compressed.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Edges of streams, low wet ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is abundant during its growing season and can be found along just about any stream or creek. It is one of the edible members of the carrot family.
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, herbaceous, from slender to thickened roots, branching, glabrous.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, sessile above, trifoliolate. Petioles of lowest leaves to +/-10cm long, sheathing, glabrous. Leaflets to +/-15cm long, 8cm broad, double-serrate, often obliquely lobed. Undivided leaflets typically ovate, acute to acuminate. All leaflets glabrous, abruptly contracted near base and with tissue decurrent on petiolule.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary compound umbels. Rays of umbels unequal, glabrous, to +2cm long. Raylets unequal, glabrous, to 7mm long. Umbellets subtended by 1-3 lanceolate bracts(bractlets). Bracts to 4mm long, 1mm broad.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, involute, to 2mm long, .6mm broad, apiculate, glabrous. Stamens 5, spreading. Filaments white, glabrous, .9mm long. Anthers yellow. Styles 2, glabrous, white, 1mm long, persistent in fruit. Ovary inferior, green, glabrous, 1.4mm long, .9mm broad. Fruit to 6mm long, ribbed, somewhat compressed.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Edges of streams, low wet ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is abundant during its growing season and can be found along just about any stream or creek. It is one of the edible members of the carrot family.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Family - Euphorbiaceae
Stems - To +/-40cm tall, divaricately branching, lepidote, from a slender taproot, erect, herbaceous (but tough near the base), single or multiple from base.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petiole to +2mm long, lepidote. Blade linear to elliptic-ovate or linear-ovate, entire, to -4cm long, +/-2cm broad, lepidote (more so below), mucronate to apiculate, typically silvery below and appearing spotted because of the scales, green above. Leaves often folded in dry weather.
Inflorescence - Small terminal racemes to -1cm long. Racemes androgynous.
Flowers - Staminate flowers with 4-6 stamens. Filaments white, 1.5mm long, glabrous. Anthers white, .4mm broad. Petals 4, 1.1mm long, white. Sepals 4, .7mm long, acute, densely stellate pubescent. Pistillate flowers 5-lobed(calyx). Lobes 2mm long, attenuate, densely stellate pubescent. Ovary ovoid, 1.2mm long, densely stellate pubescent. Styles 2, bifurcate and appearing as 4 or more, 1mm long. Capsule green, lepidote, 4mm long, ovoid but slightly compressed, 1-seeded.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Acidic soils of glades, rocky open woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a typical glade species in Missouri. It can be found in the southern half of the state. The plant is very easy to identify in the field because the entire plant is covered silvery scales (lepidote). This is a small species but it is quite prevalent on glades with acid substrates.
Stems - To +/-40cm tall, divaricately branching, lepidote, from a slender taproot, erect, herbaceous (but tough near the base), single or multiple from base.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petiole to +2mm long, lepidote. Blade linear to elliptic-ovate or linear-ovate, entire, to -4cm long, +/-2cm broad, lepidote (more so below), mucronate to apiculate, typically silvery below and appearing spotted because of the scales, green above. Leaves often folded in dry weather.
Inflorescence - Small terminal racemes to -1cm long. Racemes androgynous.
Flowers - Staminate flowers with 4-6 stamens. Filaments white, 1.5mm long, glabrous. Anthers white, .4mm broad. Petals 4, 1.1mm long, white. Sepals 4, .7mm long, acute, densely stellate pubescent. Pistillate flowers 5-lobed(calyx). Lobes 2mm long, attenuate, densely stellate pubescent. Ovary ovoid, 1.2mm long, densely stellate pubescent. Styles 2, bifurcate and appearing as 4 or more, 1mm long. Capsule green, lepidote, 4mm long, ovoid but slightly compressed, 1-seeded.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Acidic soils of glades, rocky open woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a typical glade species in Missouri. It can be found in the southern half of the state. The plant is very easy to identify in the field because the entire plant is covered silvery scales (lepidote). This is a small species but it is quite prevalent on glades with acid substrates.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Family - Euphorbiaceae
Stems - To +/-30cm tall, erect, from fibrous roots, divaricately branching (forming a small tree-like plant), stellate pubescent, slightly woody at the base. Stellate hairs with a purplish center (attachment point).
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to 2cm long, pubescent as the stem. Blades ovate to lanceolate, to +4cm long, -2.5cm broad, entire, acute, stellate pubescent adaxially, densely stellate pubescent abaxially (the hairs with a white center).
Inflorescence - Axillary androgynous racemes to 1cm tall, with typically 2-3 staminate flowers and 2-3 pistillate flowers. The axis densely stellate pubescent. Pedicels of staminate flowers to 1.5mm long. Pedicels of pistillate flowers 1mm long. All pedicels densely stellate pubescent, elongating in fruit.
Flowers - Staminate - Petals 4, spreading, white, 1.3mm long, .7mm broad, ciliate-margined at the base, oblong-elliptic. Stamens 6(3-8), erect to spreading. Filaments white, 1.4mm long, glabrous. Anthers white, .6mm broad. Sepals 4, ovate, 1.2mm long, 1mm broad, stellate pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, white. Pistillate flowers - Sepals 5, linear-oblong, spreading, dense stellate pubescent, green, acute, +2mm long, -1mm broad, accrescent. Ovary superior, globose-ovoid, densely stellate, green, 1.1mm long and broad. Styles 2, deeply divided and appearing as 4, to 1.1mm long, linear, spreading to erect, densely stellate pubescent. Fruits one-seeded, druping. Seeds black, 3mm in diameter, lenticular.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Typically on acid soils overlying chert, sandstone, or granite substrata. Glades, upland prairies, open and waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found throughout Missouri but is less common in the extreme north-central portion of the state. The plant is small but resembles a small tree because of its widely spreading branches. This species and another, C. capitatus Michx., appear similar at first but there are distinct differences between the two species which makes them easily distinguished in the field. For more on this, compare the descriptions of each species.
The plant is toxic to some species of animals but apparently tolerated by others.
Stems - To +/-30cm tall, erect, from fibrous roots, divaricately branching (forming a small tree-like plant), stellate pubescent, slightly woody at the base. Stellate hairs with a purplish center (attachment point).
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to 2cm long, pubescent as the stem. Blades ovate to lanceolate, to +4cm long, -2.5cm broad, entire, acute, stellate pubescent adaxially, densely stellate pubescent abaxially (the hairs with a white center).
Inflorescence - Axillary androgynous racemes to 1cm tall, with typically 2-3 staminate flowers and 2-3 pistillate flowers. The axis densely stellate pubescent. Pedicels of staminate flowers to 1.5mm long. Pedicels of pistillate flowers 1mm long. All pedicels densely stellate pubescent, elongating in fruit.
Flowers - Staminate - Petals 4, spreading, white, 1.3mm long, .7mm broad, ciliate-margined at the base, oblong-elliptic. Stamens 6(3-8), erect to spreading. Filaments white, 1.4mm long, glabrous. Anthers white, .6mm broad. Sepals 4, ovate, 1.2mm long, 1mm broad, stellate pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, white. Pistillate flowers - Sepals 5, linear-oblong, spreading, dense stellate pubescent, green, acute, +2mm long, -1mm broad, accrescent. Ovary superior, globose-ovoid, densely stellate, green, 1.1mm long and broad. Styles 2, deeply divided and appearing as 4, to 1.1mm long, linear, spreading to erect, densely stellate pubescent. Fruits one-seeded, druping. Seeds black, 3mm in diameter, lenticular.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Typically on acid soils overlying chert, sandstone, or granite substrata. Glades, upland prairies, open and waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found throughout Missouri but is less common in the extreme north-central portion of the state. The plant is small but resembles a small tree because of its widely spreading branches. This species and another, C. capitatus Michx., appear similar at first but there are distinct differences between the two species which makes them easily distinguished in the field. For more on this, compare the descriptions of each species.
The plant is toxic to some species of animals but apparently tolerated by others.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Family - Euphorbiaceae
Stems - Herbaceous, erect, single from the base, from a taproot, branching in apical 1/2, stellate pubescent, to +/-30cm tall.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate. Stipules green, needlelike, fugacious, to 1.3mm long, possibly tipped by a small gland. Petioles stellate pubescent, with a shallow adaxial groove, to 2cm long. Blades to 5cm long, 2.5cm broad, lanceolate to lance-ovate, stellate pubescent (much more so abaxially), dull green adaxially, light green abaxially, serrate, blunt at the apex.
blade.
Inflorescence - Terminal, compact, androgynous racemes to 1.5cm tall(long). Peduncle densely stellate pubescent. Satminate flowers - Pedicel stellate pubescent, 1.2mm long, each flower subtended by a small needlelike bract. Bracts to 1mm long. Numerous glands present at the base of each pedicel. Pistillate flowers - Pedicel to .1 or .2mm long.
Flowers - Staminate flowers - Petals 5, all white, stellate pubescent, slightly exceeding the sepals, oblong-lanceolate. Stamens 10. Filaments white, glabrous, to 1.5mm long. Anthers pale yellow, .4mm broad. Sepals 5, ovate, to 1.2mm long, white, stellate pubescent. Pistillate flowers - Sepals 5, greenish, stellate pubescent externally (branches of the pubescence long and thin), glabrous internally, +/-2mm long in flower, accrescent, oblanceolate to spatulate. Ovary stellate pubescent, green, superior, 1mm long in flower, 3-locular (one seed per locule). Placentation axile. Styles 3, divided nearly to the base and appearing as 6, white, papillate, 2.2mm long.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Prairies, open woods, waste ground, pastures, glades, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is found throughout most of Missouri but seems to be absent from the north-central portion of the state. This species is easy to ID because of its toothed leaves. No other wild species of Croton in Missouri has toothed leaves. The species epithet comes from the fact that the leaves typically have two glands at the base of each leaf blade.
Stems - Herbaceous, erect, single from the base, from a taproot, branching in apical 1/2, stellate pubescent, to +/-30cm tall.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate. Stipules green, needlelike, fugacious, to 1.3mm long, possibly tipped by a small gland. Petioles stellate pubescent, with a shallow adaxial groove, to 2cm long. Blades to 5cm long, 2.5cm broad, lanceolate to lance-ovate, stellate pubescent (much more so abaxially), dull green adaxially, light green abaxially, serrate, blunt at the apex.
blade.
Inflorescence - Terminal, compact, androgynous racemes to 1.5cm tall(long). Peduncle densely stellate pubescent. Satminate flowers - Pedicel stellate pubescent, 1.2mm long, each flower subtended by a small needlelike bract. Bracts to 1mm long. Numerous glands present at the base of each pedicel. Pistillate flowers - Pedicel to .1 or .2mm long.
Flowers - Staminate flowers - Petals 5, all white, stellate pubescent, slightly exceeding the sepals, oblong-lanceolate. Stamens 10. Filaments white, glabrous, to 1.5mm long. Anthers pale yellow, .4mm broad. Sepals 5, ovate, to 1.2mm long, white, stellate pubescent. Pistillate flowers - Sepals 5, greenish, stellate pubescent externally (branches of the pubescence long and thin), glabrous internally, +/-2mm long in flower, accrescent, oblanceolate to spatulate. Ovary stellate pubescent, green, superior, 1mm long in flower, 3-locular (one seed per locule). Placentation axile. Styles 3, divided nearly to the base and appearing as 6, white, papillate, 2.2mm long.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Prairies, open woods, waste ground, pastures, glades, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is found throughout most of Missouri but seems to be absent from the north-central portion of the state. This species is easy to ID because of its toothed leaves. No other wild species of Croton in Missouri has toothed leaves. The species epithet comes from the fact that the leaves typically have two glands at the base of each leaf blade.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Family - Euphorbiaceae
Stems - To +/-50cm tall, erect, with single stem fom base and then widely branching above(with the appearance of a little tree), densely stellate pubescent,(the pubescence tan to brown), herbaceous, from thickened roots.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-3cm long, densely stellate pubescent. Blade to +/-7cm long, +/-2cm broad, entire, acute to blunt at apex, oblong to lance-oblong or elliptic, densely stellate pubescent, rounded to slightly cordate at base, often mucronate.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme to 3cm long, androgynous, the staminate flowers typically well separated from the pistillate flowers with age. Peduncles densely stellate pubescent.
Flowers - Pistillate flowers apetalous, sessile, with typically 7 calyx lobes, dense stellate pubescent externally. Lobes equal to unequal, greenish, abruptly acute at apex. Entire calyx(in flower) to 1cm broad, 8mm tall(long), slightly accrescent. Styles 3, yellow, densely stellate pubescent, to 3mm long. Stigmas 4-5-parted. Ovary globose to ovoid, densely stellate pubescent, 2.1mm in diameter in flower, 3-locular. Staminate flowers with 5 petals. Petals minute, white, oblanceolate, to 1mm long. Stamens 10 or more, erect to spreading. Filaments white, glabrous, 2mm long. Anthers whitish, 1mm long. Sepals 5, 1mm long, densely stellate pubescent, subulate. Capsule to 1cm long, 3-seeded(one seed per locule), typically with persistent styles.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, fields, pastures, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is found throughout Missouri. It is attractive but often overlooked because the flowers are not showy. The plant would do well in cultivation as it needs little care once established.
Steyermark splits the species into two varieties which integrade. Variety capitatus is very common and has leaf blades to 7cm long, (but typically shorter), and stellate pubescence which has a brown or purplish stalk. Variety lindheimeri (Engelm. & Gray) Muell. Arg. has leaf blades which reach 10cm and has stellate pubescence with a white or yellowish stalk. This latter variety is much less common and found in only a few southeastern counties.
Stems - To +/-50cm tall, erect, with single stem fom base and then widely branching above(with the appearance of a little tree), densely stellate pubescent,(the pubescence tan to brown), herbaceous, from thickened roots.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-3cm long, densely stellate pubescent. Blade to +/-7cm long, +/-2cm broad, entire, acute to blunt at apex, oblong to lance-oblong or elliptic, densely stellate pubescent, rounded to slightly cordate at base, often mucronate.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme to 3cm long, androgynous, the staminate flowers typically well separated from the pistillate flowers with age. Peduncles densely stellate pubescent.
Flowers - Pistillate flowers apetalous, sessile, with typically 7 calyx lobes, dense stellate pubescent externally. Lobes equal to unequal, greenish, abruptly acute at apex. Entire calyx(in flower) to 1cm broad, 8mm tall(long), slightly accrescent. Styles 3, yellow, densely stellate pubescent, to 3mm long. Stigmas 4-5-parted. Ovary globose to ovoid, densely stellate pubescent, 2.1mm in diameter in flower, 3-locular. Staminate flowers with 5 petals. Petals minute, white, oblanceolate, to 1mm long. Stamens 10 or more, erect to spreading. Filaments white, glabrous, 2mm long. Anthers whitish, 1mm long. Sepals 5, 1mm long, densely stellate pubescent, subulate. Capsule to 1cm long, 3-seeded(one seed per locule), typically with persistent styles.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, fields, pastures, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is found throughout Missouri. It is attractive but often overlooked because the flowers are not showy. The plant would do well in cultivation as it needs little care once established.
Steyermark splits the species into two varieties which integrade. Variety capitatus is very common and has leaf blades to 7cm long, (but typically shorter), and stellate pubescence which has a brown or purplish stalk. Variety lindheimeri (Engelm. & Gray) Muell. Arg. has leaf blades which reach 10cm and has stellate pubescence with a white or yellowish stalk. This latter variety is much less common and found in only a few southeastern counties.
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