文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Family - Brassicaceae
Stems - To +1m tall, herbaceous, single or multiple from thick taproot (which very much smells like a radish when crushed or bruised), erect, branching above, pubescent at very base, glabrous and glaucous above.
Leaves - Alternate, glabrous above, sparsely pubescent below. Basal leaves reniform, crenate or sinuate, petiolate, to 10cm broad, 8cm long. Petiole to 15cm long, with single longitudinal groove, groove ciliate on margins. Cauline leaves gradually reduced upwards, cordate to sagittate, sinuate to coarsely toothed.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, greatly elongating in fruit to +25cm.
Flowers - Petals 4, white, glabrous, clawed (the claw to -2mm long), 6-7mm long, 3mm broad at apex. Stamens 6. Filaments to 3mm long, glabrous, white. Anthers yellow, -1mm long. Ovary green, 4-angled, 3mm long, glabrous. Style very short (-.5mm long). Sepals 4, whitish with light green tips, 3-4mm long, 1-2mm broad, linear to subulate. Pedicels to 4mm long, glabrous.
Fruits - To +5cm long, 4-angled, glabrous, on thick stalk to 6mm long, erect and parallel to stem, many seeded, style persistent to form very short beak to -1mm long. Fruit stalks at right angles to stem.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Low woods, slopes, streambanks, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This plant is a fairly recent introduction to this state but it spreading like wildfire and can be found almost anywhere. It prefers shaded areas of the habitats mentioned above.
The leaves are edible and are often eaten back in the "old country." They kind of taste like a cross between garlic and radish. The flowers are fairly showy and the plant is attractive but it should not be spread.
Stems - To +1m tall, herbaceous, single or multiple from thick taproot (which very much smells like a radish when crushed or bruised), erect, branching above, pubescent at very base, glabrous and glaucous above.
Leaves - Alternate, glabrous above, sparsely pubescent below. Basal leaves reniform, crenate or sinuate, petiolate, to 10cm broad, 8cm long. Petiole to 15cm long, with single longitudinal groove, groove ciliate on margins. Cauline leaves gradually reduced upwards, cordate to sagittate, sinuate to coarsely toothed.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, greatly elongating in fruit to +25cm.
Flowers - Petals 4, white, glabrous, clawed (the claw to -2mm long), 6-7mm long, 3mm broad at apex. Stamens 6. Filaments to 3mm long, glabrous, white. Anthers yellow, -1mm long. Ovary green, 4-angled, 3mm long, glabrous. Style very short (-.5mm long). Sepals 4, whitish with light green tips, 3-4mm long, 1-2mm broad, linear to subulate. Pedicels to 4mm long, glabrous.
Fruits - To +5cm long, 4-angled, glabrous, on thick stalk to 6mm long, erect and parallel to stem, many seeded, style persistent to form very short beak to -1mm long. Fruit stalks at right angles to stem.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Low woods, slopes, streambanks, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This plant is a fairly recent introduction to this state but it spreading like wildfire and can be found almost anywhere. It prefers shaded areas of the habitats mentioned above.
The leaves are edible and are often eaten back in the "old country." They kind of taste like a cross between garlic and radish. The flowers are fairly showy and the plant is attractive but it should not be spread.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Family - Simaroubaceae
Stems - No info. yet.
Leaves - No info. yet.
Inflorescence - No info. yet.
Flowers - Staminate flowers - Fetid. Pedicels to 6mm long, sparse pubescent. Calyx tube 1mm long, 2mm broad, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, .8mm long. Petals 5, cupped, greenish-white, 3.5mm long, alternating with the calyx lobes, 3.5mm long, 1.2mm broad, densely pubescent near the base abaxially, also pubescent on the margins and some adaxially. Stamens 10, erect to spreading. Filaments densely pubescent (at least in the basal 1/2), white, 2.5mm long. Anthers yellow, 1.2mm long.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Waste ground, along streams, base of bluffs, thickets, roadsides, railroads, commonly cultivated.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This common tree can be found scattered throughout Missouri in the wild and is widely cultivated. The plant grows fast and is quite a noxious weed. It also grows well from seed. It should not be willingly spread in the wild. Trees can be staminate, pistillate, or perfect. Only the staminate plants have a bad odor when flowering.
A. altissima has been used medicinally in the past. A tea made from the bark is used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and tapeworms. Large doses of the tea, however, may be toxic. The tree has also been shown to have antimalarial properties. In China, some cases of hay fever have been attributed to the plant.
The wood of this species can be mixed with other hardwoods for pulp in the paper-making process. Sap from the wood has been known to give cause rashes in some people.
Stems - No info. yet.
Leaves - No info. yet.
Inflorescence - No info. yet.
Flowers - Staminate flowers - Fetid. Pedicels to 6mm long, sparse pubescent. Calyx tube 1mm long, 2mm broad, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, .8mm long. Petals 5, cupped, greenish-white, 3.5mm long, alternating with the calyx lobes, 3.5mm long, 1.2mm broad, densely pubescent near the base abaxially, also pubescent on the margins and some adaxially. Stamens 10, erect to spreading. Filaments densely pubescent (at least in the basal 1/2), white, 2.5mm long. Anthers yellow, 1.2mm long.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Waste ground, along streams, base of bluffs, thickets, roadsides, railroads, commonly cultivated.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This common tree can be found scattered throughout Missouri in the wild and is widely cultivated. The plant grows fast and is quite a noxious weed. It also grows well from seed. It should not be willingly spread in the wild. Trees can be staminate, pistillate, or perfect. Only the staminate plants have a bad odor when flowering.
A. altissima has been used medicinally in the past. A tea made from the bark is used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and tapeworms. Large doses of the tea, however, may be toxic. The tree has also been shown to have antimalarial properties. In China, some cases of hay fever have been attributed to the plant.
The wood of this species can be mixed with other hardwoods for pulp in the paper-making process. Sap from the wood has been known to give cause rashes in some people.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Family - Apiaceae
Stems - From elongate rhizomes and fibrous roots, multiple from the base, herbaceous, with a strong "fennel" scent, glabrous, to 70cm tall.
Leaves - Basal leaves long-petiolate, bipinnately divided. Petiole to +40cm long, with a wide adaxial groove. Leaflets mostly glabrous or with a few short stiff hairs on the main veins below, ovate to oblong, serrate to doubly serrate, with impressed veins adaxially, 7-8cm long, 4-5cm broad, sometimes lobed again. Upper leaves reduced but similar to basals. Petioles loose sheathing at the base.
Inflorescence - Terminal pedunculate compound umbels. Peduncles glabrous, 8-10cm long. Rays 10-20, to 4cm long, glabrous. Umbellets with 10-20 raylets. Raylets to 6mm long in fruit, shorter in flower.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, spreading, glabrous, to 1.5mm long, 1mm broad, with an inflexed apiculate apex. Styles 2, -2mm long in flower, whitish, glabrous, expanded at base, divided all the way to the base. Stigmas capitate. Ovary inferior, green, glabrous, 1.1mm long in flower. Stamens 5, spreading, alternating with petals. Fruits slightly compressed, ellipsoid, glabrous, with a conspicuous groove between the locules, to +/-4mm long, 2-3mm broad. Styles recurved along the margins of the fruit.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Waste ground, old homesites.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This species can be found cultivated throughout Missouri but is rarely escaped in moist waste ground. The plant spreads quickly by rhizomes and can be invasive if left unchecked. It also thrives in shaded areas. A variegated variety, var. variegatum Bailey, is very common in cultivation.
Stems - From elongate rhizomes and fibrous roots, multiple from the base, herbaceous, with a strong "fennel" scent, glabrous, to 70cm tall.
Leaves - Basal leaves long-petiolate, bipinnately divided. Petiole to +40cm long, with a wide adaxial groove. Leaflets mostly glabrous or with a few short stiff hairs on the main veins below, ovate to oblong, serrate to doubly serrate, with impressed veins adaxially, 7-8cm long, 4-5cm broad, sometimes lobed again. Upper leaves reduced but similar to basals. Petioles loose sheathing at the base.
Inflorescence - Terminal pedunculate compound umbels. Peduncles glabrous, 8-10cm long. Rays 10-20, to 4cm long, glabrous. Umbellets with 10-20 raylets. Raylets to 6mm long in fruit, shorter in flower.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, spreading, glabrous, to 1.5mm long, 1mm broad, with an inflexed apiculate apex. Styles 2, -2mm long in flower, whitish, glabrous, expanded at base, divided all the way to the base. Stigmas capitate. Ovary inferior, green, glabrous, 1.1mm long in flower. Stamens 5, spreading, alternating with petals. Fruits slightly compressed, ellipsoid, glabrous, with a conspicuous groove between the locules, to +/-4mm long, 2-3mm broad. Styles recurved along the margins of the fruit.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Waste ground, old homesites.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This species can be found cultivated throughout Missouri but is rarely escaped in moist waste ground. The plant spreads quickly by rhizomes and can be invasive if left unchecked. It also thrives in shaded areas. A variegated variety, var. variegatum Bailey, is very common in cultivation.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +70cm tall, from rhizomes, herbaceous, lanate, branching in upper half, erect, fragrant when crushed.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, linear to lanceolate or oblong, twice or ternately pinnatifid, lanate below, sparse lanate above. Basal leaves to +25cm long. Cauline leaves typically to +10cm long, +3cm broad.
Inflorescence - Flat or domed terminal cymose arrangement of flower heads.
Involucre - 5mm tall(long), 3mm in diameter. Phyllaries in 2-3 series, with scarious margins, lanate pubescent, imbricate. Outer phyllaries shorter than inner.
Ray flowers - Ligules typically 5 per flower head, white to pinkish, 5mm long, clawed. Expanded portion of ligule 3mm long, 2-3mm broad, emarginate or shallow 3-toothed at apex. Claw 2mm long, greenish, glandular. Achene flattened. Pappus none.
Disk flowers - Disk to 3mm in diameter. Flowers typically 5-20 per flower head, fertile. Corolla tube to -2mm long, greenish, 5-lobed. Lobes white. Achenes flattened. Pappus none. Receptacle slightly convex, with chaff equaling disk flowers.
Flowering - May - November.
Habitat - Roadsides, railroads, disturbed sites, pastures, fields, prairies.
Origin - Native to the U.S. and Europe.
Other info. - The plant has a strong odor when bruised or crushed.
According to Steyermark there is another subspecies in Missouri, A. millefolium millefolium, which can be differentiated from this subspecies by a broader, more flat-topped inflorescence.
This second subspecies may have two forms, one with pink or rose colored flowers, and a second with white flowers, glabrous or slightly hairy stems, and glabrous to slightly hairy lanceolate to ovate leaves.
Of course there are cultivars of Achillea out there. One yellow flowered plant is named Achillea Moonshine and looks like this:
Stems - To +70cm tall, from rhizomes, herbaceous, lanate, branching in upper half, erect, fragrant when crushed.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, linear to lanceolate or oblong, twice or ternately pinnatifid, lanate below, sparse lanate above. Basal leaves to +25cm long. Cauline leaves typically to +10cm long, +3cm broad.
Inflorescence - Flat or domed terminal cymose arrangement of flower heads.
Involucre - 5mm tall(long), 3mm in diameter. Phyllaries in 2-3 series, with scarious margins, lanate pubescent, imbricate. Outer phyllaries shorter than inner.
Ray flowers - Ligules typically 5 per flower head, white to pinkish, 5mm long, clawed. Expanded portion of ligule 3mm long, 2-3mm broad, emarginate or shallow 3-toothed at apex. Claw 2mm long, greenish, glandular. Achene flattened. Pappus none.
Disk flowers - Disk to 3mm in diameter. Flowers typically 5-20 per flower head, fertile. Corolla tube to -2mm long, greenish, 5-lobed. Lobes white. Achenes flattened. Pappus none. Receptacle slightly convex, with chaff equaling disk flowers.
Flowering - May - November.
Habitat - Roadsides, railroads, disturbed sites, pastures, fields, prairies.
Origin - Native to the U.S. and Europe.
Other info. - The plant has a strong odor when bruised or crushed.
According to Steyermark there is another subspecies in Missouri, A. millefolium millefolium, which can be differentiated from this subspecies by a broader, more flat-topped inflorescence.
This second subspecies may have two forms, one with pink or rose colored flowers, and a second with white flowers, glabrous or slightly hairy stems, and glabrous to slightly hairy lanceolate to ovate leaves.
Of course there are cultivars of Achillea out there. One yellow flowered plant is named Achillea Moonshine and looks like this:
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Family - Ranunculaceae
Stems - To +50cm tall, glabrous, from thick large rhizome, herbaceous, purplish at base.
Leaves - Alternate, twice ternately divided, glabrous, petiolate. Ultimate divisions serrate, with shallow lobes. Total leaf length(with petiole) +40cm long, +30cm broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate raceme with +/-15 flowers, to 10cm long(tall). Peduncle to +15cm, glabrous. Pedicels thick, 1cm long, 1.5mm in diameter, thickened at apex, with antrorse pubescence. Small acuminate bract subtending each pedicel. Peduncle and pedicels enlarging and becoming red in fruit.
Flowers - Petaloid sepals 4-5, white, truncate to 3-notched at apex, 5mm long, 1.5mm broad. Stamens +20. Filaments to 6-7mm long, white, glabrous, slightly expanded(thickened) just below anthers. Anthers pale yellow, .6mm in diameter. Ovary superior, white, glabrous, 3mm long, 2mm broad, urceolate. Placentation parietal. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed.
Fruit - A white subglobose berry with +/-5 seeds. Berry with black dot at apex, to 1cm long, with vertical groove.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Ravines, rich thick woods, north facing slopes, base of bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The species name means "thick foot" and one look at the big rhizome of the plant shows that it is aptly named. The rhizome used to be used, and probably still is, to treat pain and bronchial troubles. The plant is toxic however and some people get violent gastric distress from ingesting it. The plant can cause skin irritation also.
The plant grows in such thickly wooded areas that my photos came out fuzzy due to the lack of light while shooting. The fruits of the plant are striking and add nice color to the deep forest floor in the early fall.
Stems - To +50cm tall, glabrous, from thick large rhizome, herbaceous, purplish at base.
Leaves - Alternate, twice ternately divided, glabrous, petiolate. Ultimate divisions serrate, with shallow lobes. Total leaf length(with petiole) +40cm long, +30cm broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate raceme with +/-15 flowers, to 10cm long(tall). Peduncle to +15cm, glabrous. Pedicels thick, 1cm long, 1.5mm in diameter, thickened at apex, with antrorse pubescence. Small acuminate bract subtending each pedicel. Peduncle and pedicels enlarging and becoming red in fruit.
Flowers - Petaloid sepals 4-5, white, truncate to 3-notched at apex, 5mm long, 1.5mm broad. Stamens +20. Filaments to 6-7mm long, white, glabrous, slightly expanded(thickened) just below anthers. Anthers pale yellow, .6mm in diameter. Ovary superior, white, glabrous, 3mm long, 2mm broad, urceolate. Placentation parietal. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed.
Fruit - A white subglobose berry with +/-5 seeds. Berry with black dot at apex, to 1cm long, with vertical groove.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Ravines, rich thick woods, north facing slopes, base of bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - The species name means "thick foot" and one look at the big rhizome of the plant shows that it is aptly named. The rhizome used to be used, and probably still is, to treat pain and bronchial troubles. The plant is toxic however and some people get violent gastric distress from ingesting it. The plant can cause skin irritation also.
The plant grows in such thickly wooded areas that my photos came out fuzzy due to the lack of light while shooting. The fruits of the plant are striking and add nice color to the deep forest floor in the early fall.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - Multiple from a woody crown, to 1m tall, red in strong sunlight, carinate, stout, erect, branching, herbaceous to suffrutescent, with pustulate-based hairs (the base of the hairs giving the stems a scabrous feel).
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate, bipinnate (even), to +15cm long. Petioles to 3cm long, lacking glands. Expanded portion at the base of the petiole to 3mm long. Petioles and rachis with shallow adaxial groove, pubescent as the stem. Stipules thin and dry, ferruginous, ~3mm long, ~.5mm wide, with ciliate margins, other wise glabrous. Pinnae opposite to sub-opposite, +/-11 per side. Petiolules of pinnae -1mm long, antrorse pubescent. Leaf divisions with many pinnules (+/-50 per margin). Pinnules -4mm long, -1.5mm broad, acute, entire, oblique at the base, dull green above, light green below with a dark green midrib, with a few sparse hairs at the margins.
Inflorescence - Pedunculate, axillary globose clusters mostly in the apical half of the stem. Peduncles light green, sparse antrorse pubescent, carinate, +/-2cm long. Pedicels light green, to 1mm long. Flowers +/-25 per head.
Flowers - Petals 5, green, erect, united at the very base, glabrous, acute, to -3mm long, 1mm broad, oblong elliptic. Calyx greatly reduced, .7mm long with very shallow lobes. Stamens very numerous (+100), well exserted from the perianth. Filaments white, glabrous, 5-8mm long, capillary. Anthers pale yellow, .1mm broad. Ovary superior, green, 1-1.2mm long in flower, .5mm in diameter, cylindric, subtended by a yellow ring-like nectary. Stipe .5-.7mm long. Style 1, as long as the filaments, light green, 3-4mm long. Fruits not seen.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Rocky glades, open hillsides, exposed ledges along bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S., Central and South America, Australia, Africa.
Other info. - This species can be found in the southwest corner of Missouri. The plant reaches the northeastern edge of its range in Missouri. It is much more common in the southwestern U.S.
The plant can be identified by its bipinnate leaves and globose clusters of flowers. Another species, Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM., is similar but has glands on its leaf petioles and fewer stamens per flower (5). This latter species is weedy in Missouri and can be found throughout the state.
Stems - Multiple from a woody crown, to 1m tall, red in strong sunlight, carinate, stout, erect, branching, herbaceous to suffrutescent, with pustulate-based hairs (the base of the hairs giving the stems a scabrous feel).
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate, bipinnate (even), to +15cm long. Petioles to 3cm long, lacking glands. Expanded portion at the base of the petiole to 3mm long. Petioles and rachis with shallow adaxial groove, pubescent as the stem. Stipules thin and dry, ferruginous, ~3mm long, ~.5mm wide, with ciliate margins, other wise glabrous. Pinnae opposite to sub-opposite, +/-11 per side. Petiolules of pinnae -1mm long, antrorse pubescent. Leaf divisions with many pinnules (+/-50 per margin). Pinnules -4mm long, -1.5mm broad, acute, entire, oblique at the base, dull green above, light green below with a dark green midrib, with a few sparse hairs at the margins.
Inflorescence - Pedunculate, axillary globose clusters mostly in the apical half of the stem. Peduncles light green, sparse antrorse pubescent, carinate, +/-2cm long. Pedicels light green, to 1mm long. Flowers +/-25 per head.
Flowers - Petals 5, green, erect, united at the very base, glabrous, acute, to -3mm long, 1mm broad, oblong elliptic. Calyx greatly reduced, .7mm long with very shallow lobes. Stamens very numerous (+100), well exserted from the perianth. Filaments white, glabrous, 5-8mm long, capillary. Anthers pale yellow, .1mm broad. Ovary superior, green, 1-1.2mm long in flower, .5mm in diameter, cylindric, subtended by a yellow ring-like nectary. Stipe .5-.7mm long. Style 1, as long as the filaments, light green, 3-4mm long. Fruits not seen.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Rocky glades, open hillsides, exposed ledges along bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S., Central and South America, Australia, Africa.
Other info. - This species can be found in the southwest corner of Missouri. The plant reaches the northeastern edge of its range in Missouri. It is much more common in the southwestern U.S.
The plant can be identified by its bipinnate leaves and globose clusters of flowers. Another species, Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM., is similar but has glands on its leaf petioles and fewer stamens per flower (5). This latter species is weedy in Missouri and can be found throughout the state.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Caprifoliaceae
Stems - Woody, multiple or occasionally single. A shrub or small tree to 6m tall. Twigs dense with ferruginous or grayish stellate hairs.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, elliptic, somewhat cordate at base or not, to +15cm long, +7cm broad, upper surface glabrous or with some stellate pubescence, lower surface densely stellate pubescent, margins with minute prickles or protrusions. Petioles densely stellate pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla 5-lobed, to 8mm broad, whitish, glabrous. Lobes rounded, -2mm long and broad. Stamens 5, alternating with lobes, borne at base of corolla tube, erect and exserted well beyond corolla. Filaments to +4mm long, glabrous, whitish. Anthers yellow-brown, to 1.1mm long. Calyx tube to 1.5mm long, stellate pubescent. Lobes minute. Fruits to 8mm long, ovoid, single seeded(drupes), red at first, ripening to purplish-black.
Flowering - May - June and sometimes again around November.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This plant is very commonly cultivated in Missouri. The hairs of the plant cause irritation to some people, like myself. The fruits are interesting in that the entire cluster does not ripen at once so both red and black fruits are present at the same time giving the plant added color. The flowers of this plant are not as fragrant as other plants in this genus which bloom around the same time.
Stems - Woody, multiple or occasionally single. A shrub or small tree to 6m tall. Twigs dense with ferruginous or grayish stellate hairs.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, elliptic, somewhat cordate at base or not, to +15cm long, +7cm broad, upper surface glabrous or with some stellate pubescence, lower surface densely stellate pubescent, margins with minute prickles or protrusions. Petioles densely stellate pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla 5-lobed, to 8mm broad, whitish, glabrous. Lobes rounded, -2mm long and broad. Stamens 5, alternating with lobes, borne at base of corolla tube, erect and exserted well beyond corolla. Filaments to +4mm long, glabrous, whitish. Anthers yellow-brown, to 1.1mm long. Calyx tube to 1.5mm long, stellate pubescent. Lobes minute. Fruits to 8mm long, ovoid, single seeded(drupes), red at first, ripening to purplish-black.
Flowering - May - June and sometimes again around November.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This plant is very commonly cultivated in Missouri. The hairs of the plant cause irritation to some people, like myself. The fruits are interesting in that the entire cluster does not ripen at once so both red and black fruits are present at the same time giving the plant added color. The flowers of this plant are not as fragrant as other plants in this genus which bloom around the same time.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Caprifoliaceae
Stems - Woody, multiple. A shrub to 2m tall. Twigs glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal, dome-shaped cymes. Dense and appearing as a compound umbel, with copper-colored glands.
Flowers - Corolla whitish, 5-lobed(petals united), to 9mm broad. Lobes 3mm long and wide. Stamens 5, borne at base of corolla tube, well exserted, erect. Filaments to 4mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, to 1.2mm long. Style thick, .7mm long. Calyx tube to 2mm long, 1.2mm in diameter, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes to .8mm broad, .5mm long. Fruits purplish-black, ellipsoid to globose, to +1cm long, single-seeded (drupes).
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Low woods, moist soils, slopes, thickets. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri but is apparently absent from a few counties in the extreme northwest corner of the state. The plant can be identified by its opposite leaves (which resemble those of the genus Prunus or Pyrus), its tan, thin leaf buds, and its big clusters of white flowers.
The fruits of this species are edible. The plant has been cultivated for some time and would make a good garden specimen plant.
Stems - Woody, multiple. A shrub to 2m tall. Twigs glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal, dome-shaped cymes. Dense and appearing as a compound umbel, with copper-colored glands.
Flowers - Corolla whitish, 5-lobed(petals united), to 9mm broad. Lobes 3mm long and wide. Stamens 5, borne at base of corolla tube, well exserted, erect. Filaments to 4mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, to 1.2mm long. Style thick, .7mm long. Calyx tube to 2mm long, 1.2mm in diameter, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes to .8mm broad, .5mm long. Fruits purplish-black, ellipsoid to globose, to +1cm long, single-seeded (drupes).
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Low woods, moist soils, slopes, thickets. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri but is apparently absent from a few counties in the extreme northwest corner of the state. The plant can be identified by its opposite leaves (which resemble those of the genus Prunus or Pyrus), its tan, thin leaf buds, and its big clusters of white flowers.
The fruits of this species are edible. The plant has been cultivated for some time and would make a good garden specimen plant.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Caprifoliaceae
Stems - Woody, single or more commonly multiple from base, to +/-3m tall, branching. Twigs stellate pubescent. New seasons growth dense stellate pubescent.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, serrate-dentate to crenate-serrate, elliptic to ovate or orbicular, acute to abruptly acuminate at apex, stellate pubescent above, densely stellate pubescent below, to +/-10cm long, +/-8cm broad. Petiole +/-3cm long, stellate pubescent, reddish.
Inflorescence - Multiple flat-topped umbellate cymes secund on branches, terminal on new seasons growth. Peduncles to 4cm long, dense stellate pubescent.
Flowers - Outer flowers large, white, sterile, 5 lobed, zygomorphic, to -3cm broad. Inner flowers perfect, 5-lobed, whitish, to 5mm broad. Corolla lobes glabrous. Stamens 5, alternating with corolla lobes, adnate at base of corolla tube, exserted. Filaments to -2mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers .5mm long, yellow. Ovary inferior. Calyx tube 1mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes whitish-green, glabrous.
Fruits - 7mm long, elliptic to subglobose, red at first and maturing to black, single-seeded, drupes.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This is a heavily cultivated species with many varieties. I believe the plant pictured above is var. tomentosum. The plant is one of the most showy of all the shrubs and is considered the most desirable of the genus for cultivation. It will set fruit if plants are in close proximity with one another.
Stems - Woody, single or more commonly multiple from base, to +/-3m tall, branching. Twigs stellate pubescent. New seasons growth dense stellate pubescent.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, serrate-dentate to crenate-serrate, elliptic to ovate or orbicular, acute to abruptly acuminate at apex, stellate pubescent above, densely stellate pubescent below, to +/-10cm long, +/-8cm broad. Petiole +/-3cm long, stellate pubescent, reddish.
Inflorescence - Multiple flat-topped umbellate cymes secund on branches, terminal on new seasons growth. Peduncles to 4cm long, dense stellate pubescent.
Flowers - Outer flowers large, white, sterile, 5 lobed, zygomorphic, to -3cm broad. Inner flowers perfect, 5-lobed, whitish, to 5mm broad. Corolla lobes glabrous. Stamens 5, alternating with corolla lobes, adnate at base of corolla tube, exserted. Filaments to -2mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers .5mm long, yellow. Ovary inferior. Calyx tube 1mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes whitish-green, glabrous.
Fruits - 7mm long, elliptic to subglobose, red at first and maturing to black, single-seeded, drupes.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This is a heavily cultivated species with many varieties. I believe the plant pictured above is var. tomentosum. The plant is one of the most showy of all the shrubs and is considered the most desirable of the genus for cultivation. It will set fruit if plants are in close proximity with one another.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Caprifoliaceae
Stems - Woody, multiple or sometimes a single trunk. A shrub or small tree to 4m tall. Twigs glabrous.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, 3-lobed, margins toothed or sometimes entire, glabrous above, sparsely pubescent below. Petiole glabrous, to 3cm long.
Inflorescence - Terminal, flat-topped cymes. Compound and resembling umbels, to +13cm broad. Stalks glabrous to very sparsely pubescent.
Flowers - Outer flowers sterile, white, to 2.5cm broad, slightly irregular, 5-lobed. Inner flowers fertile. Corolla to 5mm broad, white, 5-lobed, externally glabrous, internally sparsely pubescent. Lobes rounded, 2mm broad, 1mm long. Corolla tube campanulate, 3mm broad, 1.7mm long. Stamens 5, alternating with corolla lobes, erect, well exserted beyond corolla. Filaments to 5mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers tan, .7mm long.
Fruits - Red, globose to subglobose, single-seeded (drupes), to 12mm in diameter, 15mm long.
Flowering - June - July.
Habitat - Moist to wet soils of lake margins, slopes, or open woods. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S. and Europe.
Other info. - The variety americanus Ait. is commonly known as V. trilobum Marsh. - Rydberg.
This is the variety found growing wild here in the U.S. and pictured above. Other varieties from Europe are commonly cultivated here in the States. The next plant in this list, V. opulus var. roseum "Snowball", is just one of them.
Stems - Woody, multiple or sometimes a single trunk. A shrub or small tree to 4m tall. Twigs glabrous.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, 3-lobed, margins toothed or sometimes entire, glabrous above, sparsely pubescent below. Petiole glabrous, to 3cm long.
Inflorescence - Terminal, flat-topped cymes. Compound and resembling umbels, to +13cm broad. Stalks glabrous to very sparsely pubescent.
Flowers - Outer flowers sterile, white, to 2.5cm broad, slightly irregular, 5-lobed. Inner flowers fertile. Corolla to 5mm broad, white, 5-lobed, externally glabrous, internally sparsely pubescent. Lobes rounded, 2mm broad, 1mm long. Corolla tube campanulate, 3mm broad, 1.7mm long. Stamens 5, alternating with corolla lobes, erect, well exserted beyond corolla. Filaments to 5mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers tan, .7mm long.
Fruits - Red, globose to subglobose, single-seeded (drupes), to 12mm in diameter, 15mm long.
Flowering - June - July.
Habitat - Moist to wet soils of lake margins, slopes, or open woods. Also cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S. and Europe.
Other info. - The variety americanus Ait. is commonly known as V. trilobum Marsh. - Rydberg.
This is the variety found growing wild here in the U.S. and pictured above. Other varieties from Europe are commonly cultivated here in the States. The next plant in this list, V. opulus var. roseum "Snowball", is just one of them.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Caprifoliaceae
Stems - Woody, multiple. A shrub to 5m tall. Twigs appearing somewhat glaucous but actually glabrous. New seasons growth glabrous, 5(6)-angled, with longitudinal grooves.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, typically rounded but sometimes slightly cordate at base, toothed, orbicular to broadly-ovate, to 7.5cm long, lower surface dull green with tufts of hairs mostly in vein axils or on veins, upper surface shiny deeper green, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal, compound cymes (resembling compound umbels), to +13cm broad. Pedicles glabrous or with ferruginous stalked and sessile glands. Small scarious bracts present at base of each division of inflorescence.
Flowers - Corolla white, 4-5mm broad, 5-lobed, glabrous internally or with very few sparse hairs, glabrous externally, tube to 1.2mm long, 2-3mm broad, campanulate. Stamens 5, well exserted, alternating with corolla lobes. Filaments to 4mm long, white, glabrous, borne at base of corolla tube. Anthers yellow, .6mm long. Calyx tube to 2mm long, 1mm broad, cylindric, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes greenish-white, very small, tuberculate.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Low alluvial woods on terraces and wooded slopes. Widely cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is just one of the many species in this genus cultivated in Missouri. The plant can be identified by its suborbicular, dentate leaves (which have deeply impressed lateral veins).
Natives used the wood from the tree to make arrows for hunting. They also used the inner bark as a tobacco substitute.
Stems - Woody, multiple. A shrub to 5m tall. Twigs appearing somewhat glaucous but actually glabrous. New seasons growth glabrous, 5(6)-angled, with longitudinal grooves.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, typically rounded but sometimes slightly cordate at base, toothed, orbicular to broadly-ovate, to 7.5cm long, lower surface dull green with tufts of hairs mostly in vein axils or on veins, upper surface shiny deeper green, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal, compound cymes (resembling compound umbels), to +13cm broad. Pedicles glabrous or with ferruginous stalked and sessile glands. Small scarious bracts present at base of each division of inflorescence.
Flowers - Corolla white, 4-5mm broad, 5-lobed, glabrous internally or with very few sparse hairs, glabrous externally, tube to 1.2mm long, 2-3mm broad, campanulate. Stamens 5, well exserted, alternating with corolla lobes. Filaments to 4mm long, white, glabrous, borne at base of corolla tube. Anthers yellow, .6mm long. Calyx tube to 2mm long, 1mm broad, cylindric, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes greenish-white, very small, tuberculate.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Low alluvial woods on terraces and wooded slopes. Widely cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is just one of the many species in this genus cultivated in Missouri. The plant can be identified by its suborbicular, dentate leaves (which have deeply impressed lateral veins).
Natives used the wood from the tree to make arrows for hunting. They also used the inner bark as a tobacco substitute.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Scrophulariaceae
Stems - To 1.75m tall, branching above or not, erect, herbaceous, glabrous to pubescent or villous.
Leaves - Whorled, up to 7 at a node but typically four or five, sessile to very short petiolate. Blade lanceolate to linear oblong, serrate, to +12cm long, +2cm broad, glabrous above, dense pubescent below.
Inflorescence - Terminal spikiform racemes to 20cm long(tall), densely flowered, indeterminate. Pedicels to .5mm long. Each flower subtended by a small attenuate bract to 1.1mm long.
Flowers - Corolla subbilabiate, white (sometimes pinkish), glabrous. Corolla tube to 6mm long. Upper lip single lobed. Lobe to 1.5mm long, rounded. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes rounded, to 1.5mm long. Stamens 2, exserted, adnate near base of corolla tube. Filaments pubescent at base, white, to 1.3cm long. Anthers orange, to 1.3mm long. Style glabrous, brown, included, to 7mm long. Ovary green, glabrous, superior, 1mm long, with deep green nectariferous ring at base. Locules 2. Placentation axile. Fruit a terete capsule to -5mm long, many seeded. Calyx subbilabiate, the sepals appearing almost distinct. Lobes lanceolate, to 1.5mm long, acute, glabrous, green. Lower lobes typically a bit longer than the upper lobes.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Moist to wet open ground, rich open woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is easily identified as nothing else in the state's flora resembles it. The plant is being cultivated more frequently and adds a brilliant white splash of color to any landscape. It also re-seeds easily. A common name for the plant is "Veronica" which is bad because the genus Veronica is in the same family but the plants are totally different. Just another reason to learn the scientific names.
Stems - To 1.75m tall, branching above or not, erect, herbaceous, glabrous to pubescent or villous.
Leaves - Whorled, up to 7 at a node but typically four or five, sessile to very short petiolate. Blade lanceolate to linear oblong, serrate, to +12cm long, +2cm broad, glabrous above, dense pubescent below.
Inflorescence - Terminal spikiform racemes to 20cm long(tall), densely flowered, indeterminate. Pedicels to .5mm long. Each flower subtended by a small attenuate bract to 1.1mm long.
Flowers - Corolla subbilabiate, white (sometimes pinkish), glabrous. Corolla tube to 6mm long. Upper lip single lobed. Lobe to 1.5mm long, rounded. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes rounded, to 1.5mm long. Stamens 2, exserted, adnate near base of corolla tube. Filaments pubescent at base, white, to 1.3cm long. Anthers orange, to 1.3mm long. Style glabrous, brown, included, to 7mm long. Ovary green, glabrous, superior, 1mm long, with deep green nectariferous ring at base. Locules 2. Placentation axile. Fruit a terete capsule to -5mm long, many seeded. Calyx subbilabiate, the sepals appearing almost distinct. Lobes lanceolate, to 1.5mm long, acute, glabrous, green. Lower lobes typically a bit longer than the upper lobes.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Moist to wet open ground, rich open woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is easily identified as nothing else in the state's flora resembles it. The plant is being cultivated more frequently and adds a brilliant white splash of color to any landscape. It also re-seeds easily. A common name for the plant is "Veronica" which is bad because the genus Veronica is in the same family but the plants are totally different. Just another reason to learn the scientific names.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Scrophulariaceae
Stems - Glabrous to glandular pubescent, multiple from base, from fibrous roots or a small taproot, simple to branching, erect or ascending, herbaceous, often purplish below, to +/-20cm tall.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, green and often reddish at apex. Lower leaves petiolate. Petioles to -1cm long. Blades ovate, shallow crenate, glabrous to glandular pubescent, to 1.3cm long. Upper leaves sessile, to 2cm long, 6-7mm broad, glabrous to glandular pubescent, oblong to oblanceolate, coarsely serrate to crenate-serrate, reduced to foliaceous bracts in inflorescence.
Inflorescence - Loose terminal raceme. Flowers appearing as single axillary flowers because of subtending foliaceous bracts.
Flowers - Corolla deeply 4-lobed, white, glabrous, to 4mm long. Lobes 2mm long, to 2mm broad, obtuse at apex. Stamens 2, included to slightly exserted. Style short, to .3mm long. Ovary obcordate, compressed, glabrous to glandular pubescent, green. Calyx deeply 4-lobed. Lobes 4-5mm long, 1.1mm broad, linear-oblong, glabrous, erect. Capsule to +/-4mm long and broad at apex, obcordate, glabrous to glandular pubescent.
Flowering - April - August.
Habitat - Moist ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is very small and the flowers are inconspicuous and often overlooked. The flowers also wilt quickly when hit with hot direct sun.
This species is common throughout Missouri and can grow anywhere if the soil is moist.
Steyermark lists two varieties for the state. Variety peregrina is glabrous throughout, and var. xalapensis (HBK.) Pennell is glandular pubescent.
Stems - Glabrous to glandular pubescent, multiple from base, from fibrous roots or a small taproot, simple to branching, erect or ascending, herbaceous, often purplish below, to +/-20cm tall.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, green and often reddish at apex. Lower leaves petiolate. Petioles to -1cm long. Blades ovate, shallow crenate, glabrous to glandular pubescent, to 1.3cm long. Upper leaves sessile, to 2cm long, 6-7mm broad, glabrous to glandular pubescent, oblong to oblanceolate, coarsely serrate to crenate-serrate, reduced to foliaceous bracts in inflorescence.
Inflorescence - Loose terminal raceme. Flowers appearing as single axillary flowers because of subtending foliaceous bracts.
Flowers - Corolla deeply 4-lobed, white, glabrous, to 4mm long. Lobes 2mm long, to 2mm broad, obtuse at apex. Stamens 2, included to slightly exserted. Style short, to .3mm long. Ovary obcordate, compressed, glabrous to glandular pubescent, green. Calyx deeply 4-lobed. Lobes 4-5mm long, 1.1mm broad, linear-oblong, glabrous, erect. Capsule to +/-4mm long and broad at apex, obcordate, glabrous to glandular pubescent.
Flowering - April - August.
Habitat - Moist ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant is very small and the flowers are inconspicuous and often overlooked. The flowers also wilt quickly when hit with hot direct sun.
This species is common throughout Missouri and can grow anywhere if the soil is moist.
Steyermark lists two varieties for the state. Variety peregrina is glabrous throughout, and var. xalapensis (HBK.) Pennell is glandular pubescent.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - From a rhizome and thickened roots, to -15cm tall, erect, single from the base, simple, herbaceous, glabrous, reddish, somewhat 5-angled.
Leaves - 3, whorled, petiolate. Petioles 3-4mm long, mostly glabrous but minutely translucent papillate on the margins (use a lens to see). Blades ovate, to +3cm long, +1.5cm broad, shiny silvery-green below, pale bluish-green above, glabrous above, translucent papillate below, acute to subacute at the apex, entire, with papillae on the margins (use a lens to see papillae), with 5 main veins. Lateral veins reticulate. Veins impressed above, expressed below.
Inflorescence - Single flower terminating the stem. Peduncle to +1.5cm long, glabrous, purplish. Flowers nodding slightly or erect.
Flowers - Petals 3, white, glabrous, to 3cm long, +1cm broad, oblong to elliptic, entire, blunt to slightly emarginate at the apex, tapering to the base, distinct. Stamens 6, alternating smaller and larger, erect, distinct. Filaments to 5mm long, -1mm broad, white, slightly compressed. Anthers yellow, to +6mm long, -2mm broad, longitudinally dehiscing. Anther connective greenish. Styles 3, erect. curled at the apex, to 1cm long, white at the apex, yellow to greenish basally, distinct. Ovary sessile, yellowish, superior, glabrous, 3-lobed, 3mm long and broad, 3-locular, with many ovules. Placentation axile. Sepals 3, green, slightly spreading, +/-2cm long, 5-6mm broad, lanceolate, blunt to slightly emarginate at the apex, with 5 parallel veins, with a scarious margin .1mm thick, glabrous.
Flowering - March - April.
Habitat - Mesic upland forests on steep, open, north-facing slopes above streams and rivers - on limestone and chert substrates.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small species is the smallest Trillium in Missouri and the first to bloom each spring. The plant is uncommon in the state and can only be found in a handful of counties. Its very selective habitat limits its range in Missouri.
T. nivale is an easy species to identify in the field (if you're lucky enough to find it) because of its small size, habitat, and white flowers. Plants are usually found in large numbers in a given area.
Stems - From a rhizome and thickened roots, to -15cm tall, erect, single from the base, simple, herbaceous, glabrous, reddish, somewhat 5-angled.
Leaves - 3, whorled, petiolate. Petioles 3-4mm long, mostly glabrous but minutely translucent papillate on the margins (use a lens to see). Blades ovate, to +3cm long, +1.5cm broad, shiny silvery-green below, pale bluish-green above, glabrous above, translucent papillate below, acute to subacute at the apex, entire, with papillae on the margins (use a lens to see papillae), with 5 main veins. Lateral veins reticulate. Veins impressed above, expressed below.
Inflorescence - Single flower terminating the stem. Peduncle to +1.5cm long, glabrous, purplish. Flowers nodding slightly or erect.
Flowers - Petals 3, white, glabrous, to 3cm long, +1cm broad, oblong to elliptic, entire, blunt to slightly emarginate at the apex, tapering to the base, distinct. Stamens 6, alternating smaller and larger, erect, distinct. Filaments to 5mm long, -1mm broad, white, slightly compressed. Anthers yellow, to +6mm long, -2mm broad, longitudinally dehiscing. Anther connective greenish. Styles 3, erect. curled at the apex, to 1cm long, white at the apex, yellow to greenish basally, distinct. Ovary sessile, yellowish, superior, glabrous, 3-lobed, 3mm long and broad, 3-locular, with many ovules. Placentation axile. Sepals 3, green, slightly spreading, +/-2cm long, 5-6mm broad, lanceolate, blunt to slightly emarginate at the apex, with 5 parallel veins, with a scarious margin .1mm thick, glabrous.
Flowering - March - April.
Habitat - Mesic upland forests on steep, open, north-facing slopes above streams and rivers - on limestone and chert substrates.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small species is the smallest Trillium in Missouri and the first to bloom each spring. The plant is uncommon in the state and can only be found in a handful of counties. Its very selective habitat limits its range in Missouri.
T. nivale is an easy species to identify in the field (if you're lucky enough to find it) because of its small size, habitat, and white flowers. Plants are usually found in large numbers in a given area.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - No info yet.
Leaves - No info yet.
Inflorescence - No info yet.
Flowers - No info yet.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Mesic bottomland forests, mesic upland forests along streams, bottoms, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive species can be found in a handful of eastern Missouri counties. The plant is easy to identify becasue of its big, rhombic leaves and nodding white flowers. This is the largest species of Trillium in Missouri.
In good habitat the plant can be found in large colonies. It does not transplant well and should be left alone in the wild.
Stems - No info yet.
Leaves - No info yet.
Inflorescence - No info yet.
Flowers - No info yet.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Mesic bottomland forests, mesic upland forests along streams, bottoms, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive species can be found in a handful of eastern Missouri counties. The plant is easy to identify becasue of its big, rhombic leaves and nodding white flowers. This is the largest species of Trillium in Missouri.
In good habitat the plant can be found in large colonies. It does not transplant well and should be left alone in the wild.
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