文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Caryophyllaceae
Stems - Sprawling to erect, multiple from thick roots, branching above, herbaceous, to +20cm tall, with minute longitudinal ribs, reddish-purple, with pubescence in one or two distinct longitudinal lines, or pilose (pubescence multicellular).
Leaves - Opposite, sessile to very short-petiolate, lanceolate, oblong, narrowly ovate, or oblanceolate, to +3cm long, +1cm broad, entire, glabrous but typically with ciliate margins on lower half of blade, acute at apex.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from between opposite stems. Peduncles elongating in fruit to 2.5cm, -1mm in diameter, densely pubescent with pubescence in two opposing longitudinal lines.
Flowers - Corolla rotate. Petals 5, white, deeply notched and appearing as ten petals, free, to +6mm long, glabrous. Stamens 10, anthers orange-red. Styles 3. Ovary globose, superior. Sepals 5, free, green with slightly lighter margins, lanceolate, to 5mm long, 2.5mm broad, glabrous or sparse pilose. Fruit a globose capsule dehiscent by 4 valves. Seeds with free-central placentation.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Dry to moist low woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - To me this is one of the best looking plants of the genus. Typically this genus is weedy and troublesome but this species is native and adds a surprisingly brilliant splash of white for such a small plant. I don't know if it is cultivated, but it would make a neat border.
Stems - Sprawling to erect, multiple from thick roots, branching above, herbaceous, to +20cm tall, with minute longitudinal ribs, reddish-purple, with pubescence in one or two distinct longitudinal lines, or pilose (pubescence multicellular).
Leaves - Opposite, sessile to very short-petiolate, lanceolate, oblong, narrowly ovate, or oblanceolate, to +3cm long, +1cm broad, entire, glabrous but typically with ciliate margins on lower half of blade, acute at apex.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from between opposite stems. Peduncles elongating in fruit to 2.5cm, -1mm in diameter, densely pubescent with pubescence in two opposing longitudinal lines.
Flowers - Corolla rotate. Petals 5, white, deeply notched and appearing as ten petals, free, to +6mm long, glabrous. Stamens 10, anthers orange-red. Styles 3. Ovary globose, superior. Sepals 5, free, green with slightly lighter margins, lanceolate, to 5mm long, 2.5mm broad, glabrous or sparse pilose. Fruit a globose capsule dehiscent by 4 valves. Seeds with free-central placentation.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Dry to moist low woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - To me this is one of the best looking plants of the genus. Typically this genus is weedy and troublesome but this species is native and adds a surprisingly brilliant splash of white for such a small plant. I don't know if it is cultivated, but it would make a neat border.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Caryophyllaceae
Stems - To 50cm long(20-30cm tall), decumbent, rooting at lower nodes, herbaceous, somewhat succulent, mostly glabrous but with a single longitudinal line of pubescence. Pubescence hirsute to tomentose.
Leaves - Opposite, ovate(sometimes truncate at base), short-mucronate, petiolate. Blades to +2cm wide, +2cm long, glabrous, green above, lighter green below, entire. Petiole to +2cm long, sometimes winged, pubescent.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from leaf axils. Also terminal cymes of +3 flowers. Peduncles 1-3cm long, pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla white, rotate, 5-6mm broad. Petals 5, deeply notched and appearing as 10, glabrous, to 2mm long, free. Petal lobes oblong. Stamens typically 3-5, attached at base of ovary, alternating with petals. Styles 3, spreading. Sepals 5, free, to 5mm long, pubescent with glandular-tipped hairs, ovate-lanceolate, green. Capsules to +6mm long, 4mm wide, glabrous, with +/-15 seeds. Seeds 1mm in diameter, tuberculate, rotund.
Flowering - Typically March - November, but can flower all year.
Habitat - Moist shaded locations.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This plant has spread rapidly throughout most of the U.S. and the Americas. The calyx is persistent and the fruits stick to clothing, hair and skin and are thus carried everywhere. The plant can be eaten but has a rank smell when first picked (at least to me).
If the stem is carefully bent side-to-side and then pulled apart, the elastic vascular tissue can be seen. This is a good way to help identify the plant.
Stems - To 50cm long(20-30cm tall), decumbent, rooting at lower nodes, herbaceous, somewhat succulent, mostly glabrous but with a single longitudinal line of pubescence. Pubescence hirsute to tomentose.
Leaves - Opposite, ovate(sometimes truncate at base), short-mucronate, petiolate. Blades to +2cm wide, +2cm long, glabrous, green above, lighter green below, entire. Petiole to +2cm long, sometimes winged, pubescent.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from leaf axils. Also terminal cymes of +3 flowers. Peduncles 1-3cm long, pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla white, rotate, 5-6mm broad. Petals 5, deeply notched and appearing as 10, glabrous, to 2mm long, free. Petal lobes oblong. Stamens typically 3-5, attached at base of ovary, alternating with petals. Styles 3, spreading. Sepals 5, free, to 5mm long, pubescent with glandular-tipped hairs, ovate-lanceolate, green. Capsules to +6mm long, 4mm wide, glabrous, with +/-15 seeds. Seeds 1mm in diameter, tuberculate, rotund.
Flowering - Typically March - November, but can flower all year.
Habitat - Moist shaded locations.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This plant has spread rapidly throughout most of the U.S. and the Americas. The calyx is persistent and the fruits stick to clothing, hair and skin and are thus carried everywhere. The plant can be eaten but has a rank smell when first picked (at least to me).
If the stem is carefully bent side-to-side and then pulled apart, the elastic vascular tissue can be seen. This is a good way to help identify the plant.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Staphyleaceae
Stems - Woody, multiple. A shrub to 11m tall. Freely suckering.
Leaves - Opposite, trifoliate. Leaflets elliptic, ovate or obovate, to 10cm long, 5cm broad, serrate, glabrous to sparsely pubescent above, pubescent below. Middle leaflet on long petiolule, lateral leaflets sessile or on short petiolules.
Inflorescence - Drooping, axillary or terminal racemose clusters.
Flowers - Corolla white, campanulate. Petals 5, to 1cm long, spatulate, 3-4mm broad at apex, glabrous, free. Stamens 5, slightly protruding past corolla, alternating with petals. Filaments 8mm long, pilose at base. Anthers yellow-orange, 1.2mm long. Ovary superior, pilose. Styles 4, 5mm long, glabrous. Calyx 5-lobed, campanulate. Lobes to 7mm long, 4mm broad, pale green to semi-transparent, erect, equaling or slightly shorter than petals. Fruits inflated, 3-sided, whitish, becoming brown when drying. Seeds 1-4.
Flowering - April - May. Fruits persistent into winter.
Habitat - Rich woods, thickets, shaded slopes, along streams.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a common shrub which blooms quickly. The flowers don't last long but the fruits persist for some time.
This is an easy species to identify becasue of its opposite, trifoliate leaves, and inflated fruits. The plant can be found throughout Missouri but may be absent from the extreme southeast corner of the state.
Stems - Woody, multiple. A shrub to 11m tall. Freely suckering.
Leaves - Opposite, trifoliate. Leaflets elliptic, ovate or obovate, to 10cm long, 5cm broad, serrate, glabrous to sparsely pubescent above, pubescent below. Middle leaflet on long petiolule, lateral leaflets sessile or on short petiolules.
Inflorescence - Drooping, axillary or terminal racemose clusters.
Flowers - Corolla white, campanulate. Petals 5, to 1cm long, spatulate, 3-4mm broad at apex, glabrous, free. Stamens 5, slightly protruding past corolla, alternating with petals. Filaments 8mm long, pilose at base. Anthers yellow-orange, 1.2mm long. Ovary superior, pilose. Styles 4, 5mm long, glabrous. Calyx 5-lobed, campanulate. Lobes to 7mm long, 4mm broad, pale green to semi-transparent, erect, equaling or slightly shorter than petals. Fruits inflated, 3-sided, whitish, becoming brown when drying. Seeds 1-4.
Flowering - April - May. Fruits persistent into winter.
Habitat - Rich woods, thickets, shaded slopes, along streams.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a common shrub which blooms quickly. The flowers don't last long but the fruits persist for some time.
This is an easy species to identify becasue of its opposite, trifoliate leaves, and inflated fruits. The plant can be found throughout Missouri but may be absent from the extreme southeast corner of the state.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Caryophyllaceae
Stems - To 1.2m tall, herbaceous, branching above, pubescent, subhollow, becoming reddish to purplish below, single or multiple from base, from taproot.
Leaves - Opposite or in whorls of 4, lanceolate to ovate, acuminate, entire, to +10cm long, +4cm broad, sessile, pubescent above and below, often punctate.
Inflorescence - Terminal panicles. Flowers opposite, decussate. Pedicels to -1cm long, tomentose. Each flower subtended by linear bract to 1cm long, 1.2mm broad.
Flowers - Corolla white, deeply five lobed and lobes joined at base into short tube 3mm long. Tube lanate. Lobes clawed, deeply fimbriate, to +/-1.5cm long. Stamens 10, typically protruding beyond corolla, erect. Filaments white, glabrous. Anthers 2.5-3mm long. Styles 3, erect, exserted, whitish, glabrous, 5mm long. Calyx campanulate. Calyx tube to 9mm long, 5-lobed, pubescent externally, glabrous internally, greenish-white, 10-nerved. Lobes acute, 4mm long. Calyx persistent in fruit. Fruit a unilocular capsule with six teeth at apex.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Open woods and slopes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is found throughout Missouri. The plant is commonly encountered and easily recognized by its fringed (fimbriate), white corolla lobes and whorled leaves. The species name means "star" because the flowers are starlike.
Stems - To 1.2m tall, herbaceous, branching above, pubescent, subhollow, becoming reddish to purplish below, single or multiple from base, from taproot.
Leaves - Opposite or in whorls of 4, lanceolate to ovate, acuminate, entire, to +10cm long, +4cm broad, sessile, pubescent above and below, often punctate.
Inflorescence - Terminal panicles. Flowers opposite, decussate. Pedicels to -1cm long, tomentose. Each flower subtended by linear bract to 1cm long, 1.2mm broad.
Flowers - Corolla white, deeply five lobed and lobes joined at base into short tube 3mm long. Tube lanate. Lobes clawed, deeply fimbriate, to +/-1.5cm long. Stamens 10, typically protruding beyond corolla, erect. Filaments white, glabrous. Anthers 2.5-3mm long. Styles 3, erect, exserted, whitish, glabrous, 5mm long. Calyx campanulate. Calyx tube to 9mm long, 5-lobed, pubescent externally, glabrous internally, greenish-white, 10-nerved. Lobes acute, 4mm long. Calyx persistent in fruit. Fruit a unilocular capsule with six teeth at apex.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Open woods and slopes.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is found throughout Missouri. The plant is commonly encountered and easily recognized by its fringed (fimbriate), white corolla lobes and whorled leaves. The species name means "star" because the flowers are starlike.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Caryophyllaceae
Stems - No info. yet.
Leaves - No info. yet.
Inflorescence - No info. yet.
Flowers - No info. yet.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Fields, waste ground, railroads, roadsides.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This weedy but striking species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is infrequent. This species can be identified by its glabrous and glaucous stems, its opposite entire leaves, and its much inflated calices. The flowers of S. cucubalus only last for one day. They typically open at night and wilt when hit by strong sunlight. The petals of the flowers are deeply divided and give the appearance of being 10 petals instead of the actual 5.
Stems - No info. yet.
Leaves - No info. yet.
Inflorescence - No info. yet.
Flowers - No info. yet.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Fields, waste ground, railroads, roadsides.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This weedy but striking species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is infrequent. This species can be identified by its glabrous and glaucous stems, its opposite entire leaves, and its much inflated calices. The flowers of S. cucubalus only last for one day. They typically open at night and wilt when hit by strong sunlight. The petals of the flowers are deeply divided and give the appearance of being 10 petals instead of the actual 5.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Caprifoliaceae
Stems - To +3m tall, woody, glabrous, erect, branching, multiple from base, with large whitish pith. New growth green, glabrous, often glaucous.
Leaves - Opposite, pinnately compound. Petioles to +6cm long, glabrous, with an adaxial groove. Petiolules to +5mm long. Leaflets typically 5-9 per leaf, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent, oblong to lanceolate, crenate-serrate, to +10cm long, +5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal compound cymes, typically dome shaped to flattened, to 30cm broad.
Flowers - Corolla white, 5-lobed, glabrous, 5-6mm broad. Lobes 2.2mm long, 2mm broad, rounded to emarginate at apex. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube, alternating with corolla lobes, erect to spreading. Filaments white, glabrous, 2.4mm long. Anthers yellow, .5mm long. Style wanting. Stigma 5-lobed, capitate. Ovary inferior, 4-locular. Calyx tube 1mm long, creamy white, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, .5mm long. Fruits blackish-purple, globose, glabrous, to 5mm in diameter, 4-seeded.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Open woods, thickets, waste ground, disturbed sites, fence rows, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is actually quite aggressive if given the right conditions. It spreads by suckering. The fruits are edible if cooked (boiled) and this plant is the source of the ever popular "Elderberry jelly". The pith of the stems is large, soft, and easily removed and my dad tells childhood stories of making flutes from stems of a similar European species. Don't get too much sap in your mouth though, it's toxic. The plants contain calcium oxalate crystals which do a number on a persons kidneys.
Stems - To +3m tall, woody, glabrous, erect, branching, multiple from base, with large whitish pith. New growth green, glabrous, often glaucous.
Leaves - Opposite, pinnately compound. Petioles to +6cm long, glabrous, with an adaxial groove. Petiolules to +5mm long. Leaflets typically 5-9 per leaf, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent, oblong to lanceolate, crenate-serrate, to +10cm long, +5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal compound cymes, typically dome shaped to flattened, to 30cm broad.
Flowers - Corolla white, 5-lobed, glabrous, 5-6mm broad. Lobes 2.2mm long, 2mm broad, rounded to emarginate at apex. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube, alternating with corolla lobes, erect to spreading. Filaments white, glabrous, 2.4mm long. Anthers yellow, .5mm long. Style wanting. Stigma 5-lobed, capitate. Ovary inferior, 4-locular. Calyx tube 1mm long, creamy white, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, .5mm long. Fruits blackish-purple, globose, glabrous, to 5mm in diameter, 4-seeded.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Open woods, thickets, waste ground, disturbed sites, fence rows, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is actually quite aggressive if given the right conditions. It spreads by suckering. The fruits are edible if cooked (boiled) and this plant is the source of the ever popular "Elderberry jelly". The pith of the stems is large, soft, and easily removed and my dad tells childhood stories of making flutes from stems of a similar European species. Don't get too much sap in your mouth though, it's toxic. The plants contain calcium oxalate crystals which do a number on a persons kidneys.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Caryophyllaceae
Stems - No info. yet.
Leaves - No info. yet.
Inflorescence - No info. yet.
Flowers - No info. yet.
Flowering - March - April.
Habitat - Fields, pastures, sandy open ground, waste ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to overlook but is quite striking while in flower, despite its minute size. S. decumbens is easy to ID because of its thin opposite leaves, white flowers, and decumbent stems.
Stems - No info. yet.
Leaves - No info. yet.
Inflorescence - No info. yet.
Flowers - No info. yet.
Flowering - March - April.
Habitat - Fields, pastures, sandy open ground, waste ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to overlook but is quite striking while in flower, despite its minute size. S. decumbens is easy to ID because of its thin opposite leaves, white flowers, and decumbent stems.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Lamiaceae
Stems - To +80cm tall, erect, herbaceous, multiple or single from base, branching, 4-angled, glabrous, from thin rhizomes.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, entire, linear, acute, to 5.5cm long, 2-4mm broad, glabrous, dark green above, lighter green below, punctate.
Inflorescence - Compact corymbose arrangement of glomerules. Glomerules +/-7mm broad, 4mm tall(long), with an involucre of attenuate pubescent bracts. Bracts 3-4mm long, 2mm broad, with densely ciliate margins, reduced inward. Flowers sessile.
Flowers - Corolla white to pinkish, bilabiate. Corolla tube to -5mm long, pubescent externally near apex. Upper lip single-lobed. Lobe to 2.6mm long, 1.4mm broad, emarginate, pubescent internally and externally. Lower lip 3-lobed, with faint pinkish spotting. Central lobe longer than lateral lobes, to 2.5mm long, 1.2mm broad, pubescent internally and externally. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate at apex of corolla tube. Filaments to 1.9mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers pale lilac, .4mm broad. Style white, to 6mm long, glabrous, long exserted, tuberculate and expanded just above ovary. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary 4-parted, green, glabrous. Calyx tube 2.7mm long, lanate, 4-lobed. Lobes equal, acute, to 1.1mm long, short pubescent to glabrous externally, glabrous internally. Nutlets dark brown at maturity, to 1mm long.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Dry rocky open woods, prairies, wet thickets, meadows, streambanks, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is common throughout the entire state of Missouri.
This member of the mint family is easy to recognize because of its thin dense leaves and its dense small flower clusters (glomerules). Insects like to visit the plant to retrieve nectar. The leaves and stem have a strong minty odor and the plant can be brewed as a tea.
Stems - To +80cm tall, erect, herbaceous, multiple or single from base, branching, 4-angled, glabrous, from thin rhizomes.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, entire, linear, acute, to 5.5cm long, 2-4mm broad, glabrous, dark green above, lighter green below, punctate.
Inflorescence - Compact corymbose arrangement of glomerules. Glomerules +/-7mm broad, 4mm tall(long), with an involucre of attenuate pubescent bracts. Bracts 3-4mm long, 2mm broad, with densely ciliate margins, reduced inward. Flowers sessile.
Flowers - Corolla white to pinkish, bilabiate. Corolla tube to -5mm long, pubescent externally near apex. Upper lip single-lobed. Lobe to 2.6mm long, 1.4mm broad, emarginate, pubescent internally and externally. Lower lip 3-lobed, with faint pinkish spotting. Central lobe longer than lateral lobes, to 2.5mm long, 1.2mm broad, pubescent internally and externally. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate at apex of corolla tube. Filaments to 1.9mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers pale lilac, .4mm broad. Style white, to 6mm long, glabrous, long exserted, tuberculate and expanded just above ovary. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary 4-parted, green, glabrous. Calyx tube 2.7mm long, lanate, 4-lobed. Lobes equal, acute, to 1.1mm long, short pubescent to glabrous externally, glabrous internally. Nutlets dark brown at maturity, to 1mm long.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Dry rocky open woods, prairies, wet thickets, meadows, streambanks, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is common throughout the entire state of Missouri.
This member of the mint family is easy to recognize because of its thin dense leaves and its dense small flower clusters (glomerules). Insects like to visit the plant to retrieve nectar. The leaves and stem have a strong minty odor and the plant can be brewed as a tea.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Lamiaceae
Stems - From fibrous roots, multiple from the base, rooting at the lowest nodes, branching, herbaceous, 4-angled, fragrant, hollow, pubescent with both long and short and long hairs, to +1m tall, erect.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, short-petiolate. Petioles to 6mm long, pubescent as the stem. Blades to +9cm long, -4cm broad, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, serrate (the tips of the serrations often white), green adaxially, whitish-green abaxially, punctate, pubescent (more so below).
Inflorescence - Axillary and lateral capitate clusters of bractiate cymes. Pedicels +/-1mm long. Bracts subtending the inflorescence with a whitish bloom. Each division of the cyme subtended by a gradually reduced bract.
Flowers - Corolla white, 6mm long, bilabiate. Corolla tube glabrous externally, pubescent internally. Lobes glandular and pubescent externally. Lower lip single-lobed. Lobe 4mm long, 1.5mm broad, white. Upper lip 3-lobed, 4-5mm broad. Lobes deflexed, spotted with purple internally. Central lobe bent forward at the apex. Lateral lobes shorter than the central. Stamens 4, subequal, exserted, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, alternating with the corolla lobes. Filaments 4-5mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers .8mm long, orange. Style white, glabrous, exserted, 7-8mm long. Stigma unequally 2-lobed. Ovary 4-lobed, green. Lobes pubescent at the apex, +/-.5mm long. Calyx 5-lobed, weakly bilabiate, 4mm long, glandular punctate, covered by a dense whitish pubescence. Calyx tube glabrous internally. Upper lip 2-lobed. Lobes acute, to +1mm long. Lower lip shallowly 3-lobed or notched at the apex. Lobes pubescent internally.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, grassy slopes, clearings over rocky substrates.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the southern 1/4 of Missouri. It is common in the habitats mentioned above. The plant is easily identified by its whitish bracts. Like most species of this genus, the plant has a characteristic minty smell.
"albescens" means "becoming white" for the bracts of the inflorescence.
Stems - From fibrous roots, multiple from the base, rooting at the lowest nodes, branching, herbaceous, 4-angled, fragrant, hollow, pubescent with both long and short and long hairs, to +1m tall, erect.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, short-petiolate. Petioles to 6mm long, pubescent as the stem. Blades to +9cm long, -4cm broad, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, serrate (the tips of the serrations often white), green adaxially, whitish-green abaxially, punctate, pubescent (more so below).
Inflorescence - Axillary and lateral capitate clusters of bractiate cymes. Pedicels +/-1mm long. Bracts subtending the inflorescence with a whitish bloom. Each division of the cyme subtended by a gradually reduced bract.
Flowers - Corolla white, 6mm long, bilabiate. Corolla tube glabrous externally, pubescent internally. Lobes glandular and pubescent externally. Lower lip single-lobed. Lobe 4mm long, 1.5mm broad, white. Upper lip 3-lobed, 4-5mm broad. Lobes deflexed, spotted with purple internally. Central lobe bent forward at the apex. Lateral lobes shorter than the central. Stamens 4, subequal, exserted, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, alternating with the corolla lobes. Filaments 4-5mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers .8mm long, orange. Style white, glabrous, exserted, 7-8mm long. Stigma unequally 2-lobed. Ovary 4-lobed, green. Lobes pubescent at the apex, +/-.5mm long. Calyx 5-lobed, weakly bilabiate, 4mm long, glandular punctate, covered by a dense whitish pubescence. Calyx tube glabrous internally. Upper lip 2-lobed. Lobes acute, to +1mm long. Lower lip shallowly 3-lobed or notched at the apex. Lobes pubescent internally.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Rocky open woods, grassy slopes, clearings over rocky substrates.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the southern 1/4 of Missouri. It is common in the habitats mentioned above. The plant is easily identified by its whitish bracts. Like most species of this genus, the plant has a characteristic minty smell.
"albescens" means "becoming white" for the bracts of the inflorescence.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Loganiaceae
Stems - No info. yet.
Leaves - No info yet.
Inflorescence - No info yet.
Flowers - No info. yet.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Open, sandy ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found in the "boot-heel" of Missouri and was also collected in Clark County in the extreme northeastern corner of the state. The plant is easy to ID because of its needle-like leaves and minute, white flowers.
Stems - No info. yet.
Leaves - No info yet.
Inflorescence - No info yet.
Flowers - No info. yet.
Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Open, sandy ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This little species can be found in the "boot-heel" of Missouri and was also collected in Clark County in the extreme northeastern corner of the state. The plant is easy to ID because of its needle-like leaves and minute, white flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To 1.5m tall, multiple from base, erect to ascending, fistulose, viscid pubescent above, glabrescent to sparse pilose below, herbaceous.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, stipulate. Stipules dentate, connate, sheathing (at least in lower leaves), pubescent. Petioles to +10 cm long, glandular puberulent, green to purplish near base. Blades pinnately lobed, to +25cm long, +/-20cm broad. Lobes acute to acuminate, irregularly and shallow serrate-dentate to entire. Blade tissue decurrent on petiole for +/-2cm or blade with two additional small lobes at base. Upper most leaves undivided, shallow serrate to entire, ovate.
Inflorescence - Loose terminal cymose arrangement of flower heads. Each division of inflorescence subtended by a reduced foliaceous bract. Branches of inflorescence densely viscid glandular pubescent.
Involucre - To 7mm tall (long), 7-8mm in diameter. Phyllaries +/-3, linear-lanceolate, to 1cm long, striate-nerved, entire, glandular and simple pubescent, ciliate-margined. Chaffy bracts subtending the ray florets to +1cm long, densely glandular pubescent, ciliate-margined, cupping the achenes.
Ray flowers - Pistillate and fertile. Ligule white, to +1cm long or reduced and +/-1mm long, 3 lobed at apex, densely pubescent. Achene 3-ribbed, 3-angled, ovoid, pubescent, to -4mm long, much larger than achene of disk flowers. Pappus absent.
Disk flowers - Staminate. Corolla pale yellow, scarious. Corolla tube to 3.5mm long, mostly glabrous, expanded at apex into 5-lobes. Lobes acute, -1mm long, glandular pubescent near margins. Stamens 5, adnate at base of expanded portion of corolla tube. Filaments white to pale yellow, .3mm long. Anthers yellow, connate around style, exserted, 1.8mm long. Styles undivided to shallowly 2-lobed at apex. Achenes white, thin, 2.5-3mm long, glabrous. Receptacle small, convex. Chaff scarious, erose at apex, 6-7mm long, compressed.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Moist slopes, moist woods, almost always associated with limestone substrata.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Look closely at the disk flowers and you will notice that the styles are undivided, which is an indication that they are sterile. This is always something to look for when trying to identify plants in the Asteraceae.
There are two forms of this species in Missouri. Form radiata (Gray) Fassett has the showy ray ligules. Form canadensis has reduced ray ligules. Both forms are common in Missouri.
Stems - To 1.5m tall, multiple from base, erect to ascending, fistulose, viscid pubescent above, glabrescent to sparse pilose below, herbaceous.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, stipulate. Stipules dentate, connate, sheathing (at least in lower leaves), pubescent. Petioles to +10 cm long, glandular puberulent, green to purplish near base. Blades pinnately lobed, to +25cm long, +/-20cm broad. Lobes acute to acuminate, irregularly and shallow serrate-dentate to entire. Blade tissue decurrent on petiole for +/-2cm or blade with two additional small lobes at base. Upper most leaves undivided, shallow serrate to entire, ovate.
Inflorescence - Loose terminal cymose arrangement of flower heads. Each division of inflorescence subtended by a reduced foliaceous bract. Branches of inflorescence densely viscid glandular pubescent.
Involucre - To 7mm tall (long), 7-8mm in diameter. Phyllaries +/-3, linear-lanceolate, to 1cm long, striate-nerved, entire, glandular and simple pubescent, ciliate-margined. Chaffy bracts subtending the ray florets to +1cm long, densely glandular pubescent, ciliate-margined, cupping the achenes.
Ray flowers - Pistillate and fertile. Ligule white, to +1cm long or reduced and +/-1mm long, 3 lobed at apex, densely pubescent. Achene 3-ribbed, 3-angled, ovoid, pubescent, to -4mm long, much larger than achene of disk flowers. Pappus absent.
Disk flowers - Staminate. Corolla pale yellow, scarious. Corolla tube to 3.5mm long, mostly glabrous, expanded at apex into 5-lobes. Lobes acute, -1mm long, glandular pubescent near margins. Stamens 5, adnate at base of expanded portion of corolla tube. Filaments white to pale yellow, .3mm long. Anthers yellow, connate around style, exserted, 1.8mm long. Styles undivided to shallowly 2-lobed at apex. Achenes white, thin, 2.5-3mm long, glabrous. Receptacle small, convex. Chaff scarious, erose at apex, 6-7mm long, compressed.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Moist slopes, moist woods, almost always associated with limestone substrata.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Look closely at the disk flowers and you will notice that the styles are undivided, which is an indication that they are sterile. This is always something to look for when trying to identify plants in the Asteraceae.
There are two forms of this species in Missouri. Form radiata (Gray) Fassett has the showy ray ligules. Form canadensis has reduced ray ligules. Both forms are common in Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Verbenaceae
Stems - To +50cm tall, simple or branching in inflorescence, retrorse pubescent, erect, sub-hollow, 4-angled (the angles rounded), purplish, with swollen purple areas on stem above each node.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate. Petioles to 4cm long, antrorse pubescent, reduced above. Blades ovate to lance-ovate, acute to acuminate, truncate to rounded at base (the tissue abruptly contracted and then decurrent on petiole to form minute wing to .5mm broad), coarse crenate -serrate, pubescent, to +10cm long, +6cm broad. Blades near base of plant smaller and broadly ovate.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary spikiform racemes. Flowers decussate and spreading at anthesis, quickly reflexing in fruit. Pedunle purple, pubescent, 4-angled, purple. Each flower subtended by linear bract to 1.5mm long. Flowers on very short pedicels to .3mm long.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, whitish internally, often pinkish to purplish tinged externally. Corolla tube to 3.1mm long, glabrous externally. Upper lip purplish externally, emarginate to shallowly 2-lobed, 2.5-3mm broad, 2.5mm long. Lower lip 3-lobed, 4.5mm broad, 4mm long, pubescent at apex of throat. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate near apex of corolla tube, included. Filaments white, glabrous, to 2.1mm long. Anthers pale yellow, .2mm long. Style 3mm long, glabrous, white, included. Ovary superior, green, terete, 1.3mm long, unilocular, with 1 ovule. Calyx accrescent, strongly ribbed in fruit, 2.2mm long, glabrous or sparse pubescent, bilabiate. Upper lip 3-lobed. Lobes to 2.3mm long, linear, purple. Lower lip with 2 shallow lobes. Lobes acute, to .5mm long, pubescent. Fruit an achene to 4mm long, tan.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Rich woods, slopes, ravines, moist thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S and Asia.
Other info. - This is probably one of the easiest plants to identify in the field. Nothing else growing in the state looks like it. The purplish stems, drooping fruits, and tiny whitish flowers with the distinctive calyx are all good characteristics for identifying the species. Our plants belong to variety leptostachya. Another variety, var. confertifolia Fern., ranges in the eastern U.S. and is not found in our range. This latter variety has more densely pubescent stems and leaves, and the leaves are strictly crenate.
Some authors divide the plant into its own family, the Phrymaceae.
Stems - To +50cm tall, simple or branching in inflorescence, retrorse pubescent, erect, sub-hollow, 4-angled (the angles rounded), purplish, with swollen purple areas on stem above each node.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate. Petioles to 4cm long, antrorse pubescent, reduced above. Blades ovate to lance-ovate, acute to acuminate, truncate to rounded at base (the tissue abruptly contracted and then decurrent on petiole to form minute wing to .5mm broad), coarse crenate -serrate, pubescent, to +10cm long, +6cm broad. Blades near base of plant smaller and broadly ovate.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary spikiform racemes. Flowers decussate and spreading at anthesis, quickly reflexing in fruit. Pedunle purple, pubescent, 4-angled, purple. Each flower subtended by linear bract to 1.5mm long. Flowers on very short pedicels to .3mm long.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, whitish internally, often pinkish to purplish tinged externally. Corolla tube to 3.1mm long, glabrous externally. Upper lip purplish externally, emarginate to shallowly 2-lobed, 2.5-3mm broad, 2.5mm long. Lower lip 3-lobed, 4.5mm broad, 4mm long, pubescent at apex of throat. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate near apex of corolla tube, included. Filaments white, glabrous, to 2.1mm long. Anthers pale yellow, .2mm long. Style 3mm long, glabrous, white, included. Ovary superior, green, terete, 1.3mm long, unilocular, with 1 ovule. Calyx accrescent, strongly ribbed in fruit, 2.2mm long, glabrous or sparse pubescent, bilabiate. Upper lip 3-lobed. Lobes to 2.3mm long, linear, purple. Lower lip with 2 shallow lobes. Lobes acute, to .5mm long, pubescent. Fruit an achene to 4mm long, tan.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Rich woods, slopes, ravines, moist thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S and Asia.
Other info. - This is probably one of the easiest plants to identify in the field. Nothing else growing in the state looks like it. The purplish stems, drooping fruits, and tiny whitish flowers with the distinctive calyx are all good characteristics for identifying the species. Our plants belong to variety leptostachya. Another variety, var. confertifolia Fern., ranges in the eastern U.S. and is not found in our range. This latter variety has more densely pubescent stems and leaves, and the leaves are strictly crenate.
Some authors divide the plant into its own family, the Phrymaceae.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Hydrangeaceae
Stems - Woody, multiple from base, branching, to 4m tall. Young twigs somewhat angled, light green to reddish brown, glabrous.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to 8mm long, pubescent. Blades ovate, with shallow teeth or entire, glabrous or sparsely hairy above, pubescent below, to 8cm long, 6cm broad, acute. Main venation curving towards tip of leaf and not ending at margins. Leaves of flowering branches smaller.
Inflorescence - Terminal panicles of 3-9 flowers. Pedicels to 7mm long, pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla to +/-3cm broad, rotate, fragrant. Petals 4 (or 5), white, glabrous, spreading, free, obtue to emarginate at apex, 1.6cm long, +/-1cm broad. Stamens many(+30), erect. Filaments white, to 7mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow-brown, 1.5mm long. Styles 5, basally connate for 3mm. Stigmas yellow, flattened. Ovary inferior, 4-locular. Placentation axile. Ovules (seeds) many. Hypanthium to 4mm long, lanate. Sepals 4 or 5, 6mm long, 3-4mm broad at base, typically apiculate, lanate, persistent in fruit, spreading.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Wooded slopes, rich woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is not common growing wild in Missouri, but is cultivated. The wild plants are listed as endangered and are from the extreme southwestern portion of the state in McDonald County. It is not that the plant is rare, it is probably just at the extreme edge of its natural range here in Missouri.
Stems - Woody, multiple from base, branching, to 4m tall. Young twigs somewhat angled, light green to reddish brown, glabrous.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to 8mm long, pubescent. Blades ovate, with shallow teeth or entire, glabrous or sparsely hairy above, pubescent below, to 8cm long, 6cm broad, acute. Main venation curving towards tip of leaf and not ending at margins. Leaves of flowering branches smaller.
Inflorescence - Terminal panicles of 3-9 flowers. Pedicels to 7mm long, pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla to +/-3cm broad, rotate, fragrant. Petals 4 (or 5), white, glabrous, spreading, free, obtue to emarginate at apex, 1.6cm long, +/-1cm broad. Stamens many(+30), erect. Filaments white, to 7mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow-brown, 1.5mm long. Styles 5, basally connate for 3mm. Stigmas yellow, flattened. Ovary inferior, 4-locular. Placentation axile. Ovules (seeds) many. Hypanthium to 4mm long, lanate. Sepals 4 or 5, 6mm long, 3-4mm broad at base, typically apiculate, lanate, persistent in fruit, spreading.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Wooded slopes, rich woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is not common growing wild in Missouri, but is cultivated. The wild plants are listed as endangered and are from the extreme southwestern portion of the state in McDonald County. It is not that the plant is rare, it is probably just at the extreme edge of its natural range here in Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Scrophulariaceae
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, simple, herbaceous, glabrous, from thick caudex.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile and partially clasping, entire or with few shallow teeth, glabrous, typically ovate below and lanceolate to oblong above, to 13cm long, +/-3cm broad, acute. Most leaves are on the lower half of the stem, those by the inflorescence reduced to bracts.
Inflorescence - Long terminal thryse to -40cm long(tall). Cymes of flowers in +/-6 verticillasters. Cymes with +/-6 flowers. Each cyme subtended by pair of foliaceous bracts. Peduncles and pedicels with gland tipped pubescence(typically not dense). Pedicels to 1cm long. Cymes with axes erect and remaining mostly parallel to axis of thryse.
Flowers - Corolla pure white, weakly funnelform with the tube staying fairly narrow, 2cm long, -2cm broad at apex, glandular pubescent internally and externally, zygomorphic, 5-lobed. Lobes obtuse to rounded. Stamens 4, adnate to lower half of corolla tube, included. Filaments to 1.5cm long, white, glabrous. Anthers blackish, 1.7mm long. Staminode with sparse glandular pubescence and with compressed yellow-brown pubescence on apex (dorsally). Style 1cm long, glabrous, white. Ovary glabrous, green, 3mm long, 2mm in diameter, 2-locular. Placentation axile. Sepals 5, 5mm long, 2.2mm broad, glandular pubescent externally, glabrous internally, lance-ovate, acute to acuminate, with slightly scarious margins. Capsules to 1cm long, many seeded.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, open woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - At first glance this species may resemble the very common P. digitalis Nutt. but the two are different in several ways. You can find P. digitalis on this same section of this website to compare the two.
P. tubaeflorus is a very showy plant with densely flowered inflorescences. It is fairly common in the south-western corner of Missouri, but is scattered throughout the rest of the state. The inflorescence of the plant is very cylindrical and the stem below it typically appears almost naked. The peduncles and pedicels can vary in the amount of pubescence present.
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, simple, herbaceous, glabrous, from thick caudex.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile and partially clasping, entire or with few shallow teeth, glabrous, typically ovate below and lanceolate to oblong above, to 13cm long, +/-3cm broad, acute. Most leaves are on the lower half of the stem, those by the inflorescence reduced to bracts.
Inflorescence - Long terminal thryse to -40cm long(tall). Cymes of flowers in +/-6 verticillasters. Cymes with +/-6 flowers. Each cyme subtended by pair of foliaceous bracts. Peduncles and pedicels with gland tipped pubescence(typically not dense). Pedicels to 1cm long. Cymes with axes erect and remaining mostly parallel to axis of thryse.
Flowers - Corolla pure white, weakly funnelform with the tube staying fairly narrow, 2cm long, -2cm broad at apex, glandular pubescent internally and externally, zygomorphic, 5-lobed. Lobes obtuse to rounded. Stamens 4, adnate to lower half of corolla tube, included. Filaments to 1.5cm long, white, glabrous. Anthers blackish, 1.7mm long. Staminode with sparse glandular pubescence and with compressed yellow-brown pubescence on apex (dorsally). Style 1cm long, glabrous, white. Ovary glabrous, green, 3mm long, 2mm in diameter, 2-locular. Placentation axile. Sepals 5, 5mm long, 2.2mm broad, glandular pubescent externally, glabrous internally, lance-ovate, acute to acuminate, with slightly scarious margins. Capsules to 1cm long, many seeded.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, open woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - At first glance this species may resemble the very common P. digitalis Nutt. but the two are different in several ways. You can find P. digitalis on this same section of this website to compare the two.
P. tubaeflorus is a very showy plant with densely flowered inflorescences. It is fairly common in the south-western corner of Missouri, but is scattered throughout the rest of the state. The inflorescence of the plant is very cylindrical and the stem below it typically appears almost naked. The peduncles and pedicels can vary in the amount of pubescence present.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Family - Scrophulariaceae
Stems - To +40cm tall, from small caudex and taproot, single to multiple from base, simple, densely glandular-villous below, dense glandular-pubescent above, herbaceous, greenish-red in strong sun.
Leaves - Basal leaves in rosette, spatulate, dentate to serrate, petiolate, to 5cm long. +1cm broad at apex. Cauline leaves opposite, to +10cm long, +1.5cm broad, linear to linear-lanceolate, acute, partially clasping, serrate-dentate, pubescent above, pubescent on midrib below.
Inflorescence - Terminal thryse to +20cm long(tall). Cymes in +/-4 verticillasters. Cymes with +8 flowers each. Peduncles and pedicels with dense glandular and non-glandular pubescence. Peduncles spreading to ascending. Each division of inflorescence subtended by pair of linear-attenuate bracts. Bracts much reduced, villous, green.
Flowers - Corolla whitish with a pink tinge, to +2cm long, bilabiate, glandular pubescent externally (especially near base), constricted near base in calyx. Upper lip of corolla 2-lobed. Lobes rounded, 2-3mm long and broad. Lower lip of corolla 3-lobed. Lobes larger than those of upper lip, streaked with purple lines internally. Stamens 4, adnate at base of corolla tube. Filaments to 2cm long, glabrous. Anthers brown, 2mm long. Staminode adnate near apex of corolla tube, pubescent in upper half, (some hairs flattened, other hairs terete and bristle-like). Style 1, included, glabrous, filiform, 1.3cm long. Ovary green, glabrous, superior, 2.1mm long, ovoid-conic, 2-locular. Placentation axile. Calyx 5-lobed. Lobes glandular pubescent externally, 5mm long, 2mm broad, lanceolate, acute to acuminate, with slightly scarious margins. Capsule to 7mm long.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Dry open rocky woods and glades, bluff ledges, prairies, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is fairly common in Missouri. It occurs in dry harsh areas. Except for the leaves, nearly the entire plant is densely covered with gland-tipped hairs.
Many of the white flowered species of Penstemon look alike at first. Carefully check your plants for a proper ID.
Stems - To +40cm tall, from small caudex and taproot, single to multiple from base, simple, densely glandular-villous below, dense glandular-pubescent above, herbaceous, greenish-red in strong sun.
Leaves - Basal leaves in rosette, spatulate, dentate to serrate, petiolate, to 5cm long. +1cm broad at apex. Cauline leaves opposite, to +10cm long, +1.5cm broad, linear to linear-lanceolate, acute, partially clasping, serrate-dentate, pubescent above, pubescent on midrib below.
Inflorescence - Terminal thryse to +20cm long(tall). Cymes in +/-4 verticillasters. Cymes with +8 flowers each. Peduncles and pedicels with dense glandular and non-glandular pubescence. Peduncles spreading to ascending. Each division of inflorescence subtended by pair of linear-attenuate bracts. Bracts much reduced, villous, green.
Flowers - Corolla whitish with a pink tinge, to +2cm long, bilabiate, glandular pubescent externally (especially near base), constricted near base in calyx. Upper lip of corolla 2-lobed. Lobes rounded, 2-3mm long and broad. Lower lip of corolla 3-lobed. Lobes larger than those of upper lip, streaked with purple lines internally. Stamens 4, adnate at base of corolla tube. Filaments to 2cm long, glabrous. Anthers brown, 2mm long. Staminode adnate near apex of corolla tube, pubescent in upper half, (some hairs flattened, other hairs terete and bristle-like). Style 1, included, glabrous, filiform, 1.3cm long. Ovary green, glabrous, superior, 2.1mm long, ovoid-conic, 2-locular. Placentation axile. Calyx 5-lobed. Lobes glandular pubescent externally, 5mm long, 2mm broad, lanceolate, acute to acuminate, with slightly scarious margins. Capsule to 7mm long.
Flowering - April - July.
Habitat - Dry open rocky woods and glades, bluff ledges, prairies, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is fairly common in Missouri. It occurs in dry harsh areas. Except for the leaves, nearly the entire plant is densely covered with gland-tipped hairs.
Many of the white flowered species of Penstemon look alike at first. Carefully check your plants for a proper ID.
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