文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To 1.5m tall, erect, herbaceous, villous to hirsute, branching above, from thick rhizomes.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, to 20cm long, 4cm broad, crenate-serrate, lanceolate, densely pubescent below, pubescent above, acuminate. At least the middle and lower cauline leaves typically perfoliate.
Inflorescence - Terminal flat-topped to subdomed cymes dense with flower heads. Peduncles villous to densely pubescent. Flower heads with +/-15 flowers (florets).
Involucre - To 6mm tall(long), 3mm in diameter. Phyllaries imbricate, pubescent to villous externally, green, 3.5mm long, 1mm broad, linear to linear-oblong, acuminate. Margins near apex slightly scarious.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Corolla white to pinkish, 5-lobed, to 5mm long. Lobes acute. Stamens 5, included. Anthers connate around style, purplish. Style bifurcate, exserted. Pappus of capillary bristles. Achenes black when mature.Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Moist to wet ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Steyermark lists two varieties for this species. Variety perfoliatum, (pictured above), has leaves which are perfoliate. Variety cuneatum Engelm has leaves with distinct bases which are not perfoliate.
All of the members of this genus are fairly easy to identify but this is one of the easiest with its villous stems and perfoliate
Stems - To 1.5m tall, erect, herbaceous, villous to hirsute, branching above, from thick rhizomes.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, to 20cm long, 4cm broad, crenate-serrate, lanceolate, densely pubescent below, pubescent above, acuminate. At least the middle and lower cauline leaves typically perfoliate.
Inflorescence - Terminal flat-topped to subdomed cymes dense with flower heads. Peduncles villous to densely pubescent. Flower heads with +/-15 flowers (florets).
Involucre - To 6mm tall(long), 3mm in diameter. Phyllaries imbricate, pubescent to villous externally, green, 3.5mm long, 1mm broad, linear to linear-oblong, acuminate. Margins near apex slightly scarious.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Corolla white to pinkish, 5-lobed, to 5mm long. Lobes acute. Stamens 5, included. Anthers connate around style, purplish. Style bifurcate, exserted. Pappus of capillary bristles. Achenes black when mature.Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Moist to wet ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Steyermark lists two varieties for this species. Variety perfoliatum, (pictured above), has leaves which are perfoliate. Variety cuneatum Engelm has leaves with distinct bases which are not perfoliate.
All of the members of this genus are fairly easy to identify but this is one of the easiest with its villous stems and perfoliate
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - No info. yet.
Leaves - No info. yet.
fascicled smaller leaves.
Inflorescence - No info. yet.
Involucre - No info. yet.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - No info. yet.
Flowering - August - November.
Habitat - Dry open ground surrounding upland sinkhole ponds.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species is rare in Missouri, being found in only one or two counties in the Ozarks. This species is common in the Coastal Plain of the eastern U.S. but is a glacial relict in out area. Missouri is an interesting state in the fact that it has many of these glacial relicts as part of its flora.
Another rare species, E. cuneifolium Willd. is similar but this plant lacks the fascicles of small leaves in its nodes and has broader leaves. E. hyssopifolium also has bigger, brighter flowers.
Stems - No info. yet.
Leaves - No info. yet.
fascicled smaller leaves.
Inflorescence - No info. yet.
Involucre - No info. yet.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - No info. yet.
Flowering - August - November.
Habitat - Dry open ground surrounding upland sinkhole ponds.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species is rare in Missouri, being found in only one or two counties in the Ozarks. This species is common in the Coastal Plain of the eastern U.S. but is a glacial relict in out area. Missouri is an interesting state in the fact that it has many of these glacial relicts as part of its flora.
Another rare species, E. cuneifolium Willd. is similar but this plant lacks the fascicles of small leaves in its nodes and has broader leaves. E. hyssopifolium also has bigger, brighter flowers.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Onagraceae
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, herbaceous, terete to 4-angled with rounded angles, sub-hollow, glabrous or with thin vertical lines of antrorse curled hairs, single from the base, widely branching in apical half, often reddish at nodes.
Leaves - Stem leaves opposite, short-petiolate. Petioles to 1cm long, with a few strigose hairs on the margins. Blades glabrous, lanceolate, serrate, with antrorse strigose hairs on the margins. Midrib and lateral veins impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially, to +/-10cm long, 2cm broad, typically rounded at the base.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate panicles. Bracts foliaceous, reduced upward. Branches of inflorescence alternate, straight and antrorse-curled pubescent. Pedicels pubescent like the branches of inflorescence, to 3-4mm long in flower, elongating in fruit to 1cm long.
Flowers - Petals 4, white to pinkish, 3-5mm long, 2-3mm broad, glabrous, 2-lobed at apex, obovate to elliptic, distinct. Stamens 8, 4 being longer than the others, alternating with the petals, erect. Filaments to 2mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers pink, .2-.3mm in diameter. Stigma capitate, 1mm long, pale yellow. Style 1.5mm long, thicker than the filaments, glabrous. Calyx 4-lobed. Calyx tube to 1mm long. Lobes to 2-3mm long, 1-1.5mm broad, acute to acuminate or apiculate, entire, pubescent (curled and straight) externally, glabrous internally. Calyx tube with a few hairs internally. Ovary inferior, 6-13mm long in flower, antrorse and straight pubescent, 1mm broad, 4-angled (the angles rounded). Ovules many. Fruits to 6cm long, 1.3mm broad. Seeds to 2mm long, .5mm broad, brown, comose. The hairs to 1cm long, whitish brown to cinnamon.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Wet ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is common and can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is fairly easy to ID because of its habitat, opposite stem leaves and small whitish-pink flowers. Of the two species of Epilobium in Missouri, this species is much more frequent.
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, herbaceous, terete to 4-angled with rounded angles, sub-hollow, glabrous or with thin vertical lines of antrorse curled hairs, single from the base, widely branching in apical half, often reddish at nodes.
Leaves - Stem leaves opposite, short-petiolate. Petioles to 1cm long, with a few strigose hairs on the margins. Blades glabrous, lanceolate, serrate, with antrorse strigose hairs on the margins. Midrib and lateral veins impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially, to +/-10cm long, 2cm broad, typically rounded at the base.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate panicles. Bracts foliaceous, reduced upward. Branches of inflorescence alternate, straight and antrorse-curled pubescent. Pedicels pubescent like the branches of inflorescence, to 3-4mm long in flower, elongating in fruit to 1cm long.
Flowers - Petals 4, white to pinkish, 3-5mm long, 2-3mm broad, glabrous, 2-lobed at apex, obovate to elliptic, distinct. Stamens 8, 4 being longer than the others, alternating with the petals, erect. Filaments to 2mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers pink, .2-.3mm in diameter. Stigma capitate, 1mm long, pale yellow. Style 1.5mm long, thicker than the filaments, glabrous. Calyx 4-lobed. Calyx tube to 1mm long. Lobes to 2-3mm long, 1-1.5mm broad, acute to acuminate or apiculate, entire, pubescent (curled and straight) externally, glabrous internally. Calyx tube with a few hairs internally. Ovary inferior, 6-13mm long in flower, antrorse and straight pubescent, 1mm broad, 4-angled (the angles rounded). Ovules many. Fruits to 6cm long, 1.3mm broad. Seeds to 2mm long, .5mm broad, brown, comose. The hairs to 1cm long, whitish brown to cinnamon.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Wet ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is common and can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is fairly easy to ID because of its habitat, opposite stem leaves and small whitish-pink flowers. Of the two species of Epilobium in Missouri, this species is much more frequent.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Caryophyllaceae
Stems - No info. yet.
Leaves - No info. yet.
Inflorescence - No info. yet.
Flowers - No info. yet.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Bluffs, ledges, rocky glades. On limestone.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a characteristic limestone bluff species. It grows in some of the most inaccessible locations of any plant in the state. The plant has a long tough root that enables in to grow in cracks and holes in limestone.
A. stricta is definitely the most showy species of the genus in Missouri and is a plant worthy of cultivation. It may be difficult to grow, however, given its chosen habitat in the wild.
This is an easy species to ID in the field because of its linear leaves, big white flowers, and habitat.
Stems - No info. yet.
Leaves - No info. yet.
Inflorescence - No info. yet.
Flowers - No info. yet.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Bluffs, ledges, rocky glades. On limestone.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a characteristic limestone bluff species. It grows in some of the most inaccessible locations of any plant in the state. The plant has a long tough root that enables in to grow in cracks and holes in limestone.
A. stricta is definitely the most showy species of the genus in Missouri and is a plant worthy of cultivation. It may be difficult to grow, however, given its chosen habitat in the wild.
This is an easy species to ID in the field because of its linear leaves, big white flowers, and habitat.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Cornaceae
Stems - Woody, multiple from base, to +/-3m tall. New season's growth densely pubescent. Twigs reddish.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +1cm long, densely pubescent. Blades broadly elliptic to broadly ovate, abruptly acuter to acuminate, entire, to +/-10cm long, +/-7cm broad, densely pubescent and green above (the pubescence erect to appressed), silvery-green and densely pubescent below.
Inflorescence - Terminal domed cymes, typically as high as broad when mature, to +/-9cm long (tall). Branches of inflorescence densely pubescent. The pubescence typically erect.
Flowers - Petals 4, distinct, +/-4mm long, 2mm broad, glabrous, acute, whitish. Stamens 4, alternating with petals, erect, exserted. Filaments to 4mm long, whitish, glabrous. Anthers yellowish, 1.1mm long. Style glabrous, whitish, 2.2mm long. Stigma capitate. Ovary inferior, 2-locular. Calyx tube pubescent, creamy white, 2mm long, 1.8mm in diameter, with 4 minute lobes. Lobes to .4mm long, acute.
Fruits - White, globose, 5-6mm in diameter, on red stalks.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Moist ground, prairie borders, thickets, slopes, roadsides, sometimes cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant produces many suckers and will form dense colonies if conditions are right. It flowers earlier than most other Cornus in the state.
Stems - Woody, multiple from base, to +/-3m tall. New season's growth densely pubescent. Twigs reddish.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +1cm long, densely pubescent. Blades broadly elliptic to broadly ovate, abruptly acuter to acuminate, entire, to +/-10cm long, +/-7cm broad, densely pubescent and green above (the pubescence erect to appressed), silvery-green and densely pubescent below.
Inflorescence - Terminal domed cymes, typically as high as broad when mature, to +/-9cm long (tall). Branches of inflorescence densely pubescent. The pubescence typically erect.
Flowers - Petals 4, distinct, +/-4mm long, 2mm broad, glabrous, acute, whitish. Stamens 4, alternating with petals, erect, exserted. Filaments to 4mm long, whitish, glabrous. Anthers yellowish, 1.1mm long. Style glabrous, whitish, 2.2mm long. Stigma capitate. Ovary inferior, 2-locular. Calyx tube pubescent, creamy white, 2mm long, 1.8mm in diameter, with 4 minute lobes. Lobes to .4mm long, acute.
Fruits - White, globose, 5-6mm in diameter, on red stalks.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Moist ground, prairie borders, thickets, slopes, roadsides, sometimes cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant produces many suckers and will form dense colonies if conditions are right. It flowers earlier than most other Cornus in the state.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Cornaceae
Stems - To +4m tall, erect, woody, single or multiple from the base. Twigs reddish-brown, terete, with many small malpighian hairs. New seasons growth green, with many malpighian hairs.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Blades simple, oblong-elliptic to elliptic-ovate, entire, acuminate, to +10cm long, +/-5cm broad, slightly scabrous and dark green adaxially with strigose pubescence, soft and gray-green abaxially with erect pubescence.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate corymbiform cyme on the new seasons growth, to +/-8cm broad. Peduncle to +/-4cm long, scabrous, with appressed whitish and reddish hairs. Pedicels .5 to 1.5mm long, appressed pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla white, 4-lobed, to 8mm broad, glabrous internally, appressed pubescent externally. Corolla lobes subulate to lanceolate, 3-4mm long, -2mm broad, acute. Corolla tube 2mm long, greenish white. Stamens 4, alternating with the corolla lobes, exserted, erect to spreading. Filaments white, glabrous, 3-4mm long. Anthers yellow, 2mm long. Style 1, erect, 3mm long, white, glabrous, surrounded basally by a thick light-pinkish nectary. Stigma greenish, capitate. Ovary inferior, 2-locular, with 2 ovules. Placentation axile. Calyx lobes 4, minute, alternating with the corolla lobes, to .5mm long, triangular, appressed pubescent externally, glabrous internally.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Dry or rocky woods, thickets, limestone, glades, prairies, bluffs, wet ground along streams, fence rows, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species of Dogwood can be found throughout Missouri and is quite common. The plant would make a good garden specimen as it requires no care once established. The bunches of white flowers are not that long persistent, however.
C. drummondi is the most common species of Dogwood in the state and it can be identified in the field by its small white flowers, green twigs, scabrous adaxial leaf surfaces, and the erect pubescent abaxial surface of its leaves.
Stems - To +4m tall, erect, woody, single or multiple from the base. Twigs reddish-brown, terete, with many small malpighian hairs. New seasons growth green, with many malpighian hairs.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Blades simple, oblong-elliptic to elliptic-ovate, entire, acuminate, to +10cm long, +/-5cm broad, slightly scabrous and dark green adaxially with strigose pubescence, soft and gray-green abaxially with erect pubescence.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate corymbiform cyme on the new seasons growth, to +/-8cm broad. Peduncle to +/-4cm long, scabrous, with appressed whitish and reddish hairs. Pedicels .5 to 1.5mm long, appressed pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla white, 4-lobed, to 8mm broad, glabrous internally, appressed pubescent externally. Corolla lobes subulate to lanceolate, 3-4mm long, -2mm broad, acute. Corolla tube 2mm long, greenish white. Stamens 4, alternating with the corolla lobes, exserted, erect to spreading. Filaments white, glabrous, 3-4mm long. Anthers yellow, 2mm long. Style 1, erect, 3mm long, white, glabrous, surrounded basally by a thick light-pinkish nectary. Stigma greenish, capitate. Ovary inferior, 2-locular, with 2 ovules. Placentation axile. Calyx lobes 4, minute, alternating with the corolla lobes, to .5mm long, triangular, appressed pubescent externally, glabrous internally.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Dry or rocky woods, thickets, limestone, glades, prairies, bluffs, wet ground along streams, fence rows, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This showy species of Dogwood can be found throughout Missouri and is quite common. The plant would make a good garden specimen as it requires no care once established. The bunches of white flowers are not that long persistent, however.
C. drummondi is the most common species of Dogwood in the state and it can be identified in the field by its small white flowers, green twigs, scabrous adaxial leaf surfaces, and the erect pubescent abaxial surface of its leaves.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +1.5m tall, erect, herbaceous, terete, simple below, branching in the apical 1/3, glabrescent below, tomentose above, green to tan.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, decussate, often with a smaller pair of leaves in the axils of the larger main leaves, to +10cm long, to 2cm broad, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, coarse serrate in the apical 1/2 (at least on the lower leaves), green on both surfaces, with antrorsely bent pubescence, much more pubescent abaxially, with 3 main veins arising at the very base of the leaf blade. Other veins of the leaves anastomosing before the margin of the blade. Margins antrorse ciliolate.
Inflorescence - Multiple flowerheads in a corymbose arrangement terminating the stem. Each division of the inflorescence subtended by a pair of reduced bracts. Bracts foliaceous.
Involucre - 5mm long (tall), +/-2mm in diameter, cylindric. Outer phyllaries smaller than the inner. Inner phyllaries to 5mm long, 1.4mm broad, tomentose externally glabrous internally, with a scarious-white margin, with 3 darker green veins (use a lens to see), with a solid green apex, linear to oblanceolate, rounded at the apex.
Disk flowers - Flowerheads with 4-7 flowers. Corolla white in the apical 1/2, green basally, 4mm long, glabrous internally and externally, expanded in the apical 1/2, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, 1mm long, .5mm broad at the base, erect to spreading. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the contracted portion of the corolla tube. Filaments white, glabrous, compressed, .7mm long. Anthers purplish, to 1.2mm long, connate around the style, partially exserted. Style glabrous, green basally, white apically, to +/-6mm long, bifurcate in the apical 3mm (the divisions erect). Achenes green in flower, 2-2.2mm long, glabrous, terete or 5-sided. Pappus of capillary bristles. Bristles antrorse barbellate, white, 4-5mm long. Receptacle naked.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, thickets, open rocky wood, waste ground, fallow fields.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout much of Missouri but is mostly absent in the southeastern corner of the state. This is a non-distinct plant and many would consider it a weed. "altissimum" means "tallest" but this is not the tallest species of the genus, there are many which generally exceed its height. The plant is not difficult to identify but it can be confused with the similar members of the genus. The tomentose stems, 3 main leaf veins, and rounded phyllaries help to identify it correctly. Plants growing in full sun are much more stout, have more leaves, and have bigger inflorescences than do plants growing in the shade or in wooded areas.
Stems - To +1.5m tall, erect, herbaceous, terete, simple below, branching in the apical 1/3, glabrescent below, tomentose above, green to tan.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, decussate, often with a smaller pair of leaves in the axils of the larger main leaves, to +10cm long, to 2cm broad, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, coarse serrate in the apical 1/2 (at least on the lower leaves), green on both surfaces, with antrorsely bent pubescence, much more pubescent abaxially, with 3 main veins arising at the very base of the leaf blade. Other veins of the leaves anastomosing before the margin of the blade. Margins antrorse ciliolate.
Inflorescence - Multiple flowerheads in a corymbose arrangement terminating the stem. Each division of the inflorescence subtended by a pair of reduced bracts. Bracts foliaceous.
Involucre - 5mm long (tall), +/-2mm in diameter, cylindric. Outer phyllaries smaller than the inner. Inner phyllaries to 5mm long, 1.4mm broad, tomentose externally glabrous internally, with a scarious-white margin, with 3 darker green veins (use a lens to see), with a solid green apex, linear to oblanceolate, rounded at the apex.
Disk flowers - Flowerheads with 4-7 flowers. Corolla white in the apical 1/2, green basally, 4mm long, glabrous internally and externally, expanded in the apical 1/2, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, 1mm long, .5mm broad at the base, erect to spreading. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the contracted portion of the corolla tube. Filaments white, glabrous, compressed, .7mm long. Anthers purplish, to 1.2mm long, connate around the style, partially exserted. Style glabrous, green basally, white apically, to +/-6mm long, bifurcate in the apical 3mm (the divisions erect). Achenes green in flower, 2-2.2mm long, glabrous, terete or 5-sided. Pappus of capillary bristles. Bristles antrorse barbellate, white, 4-5mm long. Receptacle naked.
Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, thickets, open rocky wood, waste ground, fallow fields.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout much of Missouri but is mostly absent in the southeastern corner of the state. This is a non-distinct plant and many would consider it a weed. "altissimum" means "tallest" but this is not the tallest species of the genus, there are many which generally exceed its height. The plant is not difficult to identify but it can be confused with the similar members of the genus. The tomentose stems, 3 main leaf veins, and rounded phyllaries help to identify it correctly. Plants growing in full sun are much more stout, have more leaves, and have bigger inflorescences than do plants growing in the shade or in wooded areas.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Lamiaceae
Stems - From fibrous roots, to 3m tall, 4-angled, winged, glabrous or with sparse retrorse hairs on the angles, hollow, herbaceous, erect, branching (typically in the apical 1/2), single from the base.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, decussate. Petioles to +7cm long, with an adaxial groove, mostly glabrous but sparse pilose in the groove especially near the base of the blade. Blades ovate, to 11cm broad, 15cm long, crenate-serrate to serrate, rounded or subcordate at the base, acute, villous below, sparse pubescent above. Veins impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - A terminal spike of closely clustered verticillasters. Spike to 20cm tall, 1.5cm in diameter, bracteate. Peduncle of spike densely pubescent. Each cyme of a verticillaster composed of +/-10 flowers. Flowers sessile. Bracts subtending the flowers equaling or shorter than the calyx.
Flowers - Corolla whitish, bilabiate, puberulent externally and internally, to 1cm long. Upper lip single-lobed. Lobe notched at apex, 1.6mm long, 2.1mm broad. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lateral lobes reduced and rounded, -1mm long. Central lobe expanded, 2mm long, +3mm broad, with lateral appendages, cupped. Stamens 4, exserted, didynamous, adnate in the apical 1/3 of the corolla tube. Filaments white, glabrous above, sparse pubescent basally, to 6mm long. Anthers bi-lobed, yellow, to .9mm broad. Style exserted, glabrous, white, 1.1cm long. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary 4-lobed, subtended by a nectariferous ring, -.9mm broad. Lobes glandular apically, pubescent. Calyx tubular, subequally 5-lobed, puberulent, 5mm long in flower, accrescent. Lobes acute, entire, to 1.7mm long. Fruit of 4 nutlets. Nutlets pubescent.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Open woods, thickets, moist soils, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is common throughout Missouri. It is considered weedy but is quite striking and should be cultivated more. The corollas on the plants I have seen are mostly white. Most of the literature gives the corollas as yellowish to green. White seems to be the predominate color although the flowers do fade to a yellowish color when old.
Traditionally this species was used mixed with others and used to treat poison ivy.
Agastache is in the mint family but lacks a characteristic mint fragrance. nepetoides means "looks like Nepeta", which is catnip, and the two plants are fairly similar.
Stems - From fibrous roots, to 3m tall, 4-angled, winged, glabrous or with sparse retrorse hairs on the angles, hollow, herbaceous, erect, branching (typically in the apical 1/2), single from the base.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, decussate. Petioles to +7cm long, with an adaxial groove, mostly glabrous but sparse pilose in the groove especially near the base of the blade. Blades ovate, to 11cm broad, 15cm long, crenate-serrate to serrate, rounded or subcordate at the base, acute, villous below, sparse pubescent above. Veins impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - A terminal spike of closely clustered verticillasters. Spike to 20cm tall, 1.5cm in diameter, bracteate. Peduncle of spike densely pubescent. Each cyme of a verticillaster composed of +/-10 flowers. Flowers sessile. Bracts subtending the flowers equaling or shorter than the calyx.
Flowers - Corolla whitish, bilabiate, puberulent externally and internally, to 1cm long. Upper lip single-lobed. Lobe notched at apex, 1.6mm long, 2.1mm broad. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lateral lobes reduced and rounded, -1mm long. Central lobe expanded, 2mm long, +3mm broad, with lateral appendages, cupped. Stamens 4, exserted, didynamous, adnate in the apical 1/3 of the corolla tube. Filaments white, glabrous above, sparse pubescent basally, to 6mm long. Anthers bi-lobed, yellow, to .9mm broad. Style exserted, glabrous, white, 1.1cm long. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary 4-lobed, subtended by a nectariferous ring, -.9mm broad. Lobes glandular apically, pubescent. Calyx tubular, subequally 5-lobed, puberulent, 5mm long in flower, accrescent. Lobes acute, entire, to 1.7mm long. Fruit of 4 nutlets. Nutlets pubescent.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Open woods, thickets, moist soils, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is common throughout Missouri. It is considered weedy but is quite striking and should be cultivated more. The corollas on the plants I have seen are mostly white. Most of the literature gives the corollas as yellowish to green. White seems to be the predominate color although the flowers do fade to a yellowish color when old.
Traditionally this species was used mixed with others and used to treat poison ivy.
Agastache is in the mint family but lacks a characteristic mint fragrance. nepetoides means "looks like Nepeta", which is catnip, and the two plants are fairly similar.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Ranunculaceae
Stems - Twining to trailing or climbing, somewhat woody near base, herbaceous above, glabrous, carinate, much branched.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, twining, odd pinnately compound with typically 5-7 leaflets. Petiole to 4cm long, with an adaxial groove, sparse pubescent to glabrous. Leaflets ovate to ovate lanceolate or orbicular, some cordate at base, with petiolules to 3cm long and twining, entire, mucronate, deep green and glabrous above, dull green and sparse pubescent below, to +7cm long, +4cm broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary panicles. Peduncles and pedicels carinate, glabrous to sparse pubescent.
Flowers - Petals absent. Petaloid sepals 4, white to cream, to -2cm long, glabrous above, pubescent to sparse pilose below. Stamens +30. Filaments white, glabrous, to +/-8mm long. Anthers whitish to pale yellow, to 2mm long. Pistils 5, distinct, 8mm long, sericeous. Flowers fragrant. Achenes to 8mm long when mature, with persistent plumose style.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Cultivated. Also escaped to waste ground, empty lots, roadsides.
Origin - Native to Japan.
Other info. - This is a showy and fragrant plant when in flower. The flowers are about 4-5cm broad and attract many good flying insects. The seeds are distributed by the wind and the plant escapes cultivation easily. It probably will become a pest in the future.
Stems - Twining to trailing or climbing, somewhat woody near base, herbaceous above, glabrous, carinate, much branched.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, twining, odd pinnately compound with typically 5-7 leaflets. Petiole to 4cm long, with an adaxial groove, sparse pubescent to glabrous. Leaflets ovate to ovate lanceolate or orbicular, some cordate at base, with petiolules to 3cm long and twining, entire, mucronate, deep green and glabrous above, dull green and sparse pubescent below, to +7cm long, +4cm broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary panicles. Peduncles and pedicels carinate, glabrous to sparse pubescent.
Flowers - Petals absent. Petaloid sepals 4, white to cream, to -2cm long, glabrous above, pubescent to sparse pilose below. Stamens +30. Filaments white, glabrous, to +/-8mm long. Anthers whitish to pale yellow, to 2mm long. Pistils 5, distinct, 8mm long, sericeous. Flowers fragrant. Achenes to 8mm long when mature, with persistent plumose style.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Cultivated. Also escaped to waste ground, empty lots, roadsides.
Origin - Native to Japan.
Other info. - This is a showy and fragrant plant when in flower. The flowers are about 4-5cm broad and attract many good flying insects. The seeds are distributed by the wind and the plant escapes cultivation easily. It probably will become a pest in the future.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Onagraceae
Stems - To +/-30cm tall, erect, herbaceous, simple or branching near the apex, single from a short taproot and fibrous roots, sparse retrorse pubescent, terete.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +3cm long, mostly glabrous or with a few antrorse hairs, with a thin shallow adaxial groove. Blades ovate, shallow-serrate, truncate to cordate or rounded at the base, acute to short acuminate. Teeth of blade with a minute whitish apex. Blades very sparse pubescent above and below, to +7cm long, 4cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes to +15cm tall (long). Axis of inflorescence glandular pubescent. Each pedicel sometimes subtended by a minute subulate bract to 1.5mm long.
Flowers - Petals 2, alternating with the sepals, white, notched or rounded at the apex, +/-2.1mm long and broad, glabrous. Stamens 2, erect. Filaments glabrous, white, to 1.7mm long. Anthers whitish, 1.2mm long. Style glabrous, whitish, basally surrounded by a green nectary, to 4mm long. Stigma somewhat bi-lobed. Ovary inferior, densely covered with uncinate hairs, to 2mm long in flower, green. Floral tube short, -1mm long, green, glabrous. Sepals 2, spreading, cupped, ovate, green, 3mm long, sparse glandular pubescent externally, glabrous internally. Fruits shallowly ribbed, with uncinate pubescence, to 4mm long, 2-locular, 2-seeded.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Rich low woods, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small but common species can be found throughout Missouri. It is an easy species to ID in the field because of its minute flowers and opposite leaves. The plant can sometimes be found in large colonies in the habitats mentioned above.
The Missouri plants belong to the variety canadensis (L.) Hara. Another variety, variety quadrisulcata, is native to Asia.
Stems - To +/-30cm tall, erect, herbaceous, simple or branching near the apex, single from a short taproot and fibrous roots, sparse retrorse pubescent, terete.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +3cm long, mostly glabrous or with a few antrorse hairs, with a thin shallow adaxial groove. Blades ovate, shallow-serrate, truncate to cordate or rounded at the base, acute to short acuminate. Teeth of blade with a minute whitish apex. Blades very sparse pubescent above and below, to +7cm long, 4cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes to +15cm tall (long). Axis of inflorescence glandular pubescent. Each pedicel sometimes subtended by a minute subulate bract to 1.5mm long.
Flowers - Petals 2, alternating with the sepals, white, notched or rounded at the apex, +/-2.1mm long and broad, glabrous. Stamens 2, erect. Filaments glabrous, white, to 1.7mm long. Anthers whitish, 1.2mm long. Style glabrous, whitish, basally surrounded by a green nectary, to 4mm long. Stigma somewhat bi-lobed. Ovary inferior, densely covered with uncinate hairs, to 2mm long in flower, green. Floral tube short, -1mm long, green, glabrous. Sepals 2, spreading, cupped, ovate, green, 3mm long, sparse glandular pubescent externally, glabrous internally. Fruits shallowly ribbed, with uncinate pubescence, to 4mm long, 2-locular, 2-seeded.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Rich low woods, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small but common species can be found throughout Missouri. It is an easy species to ID in the field because of its minute flowers and opposite leaves. The plant can sometimes be found in large colonies in the habitats mentioned above.
The Missouri plants belong to the variety canadensis (L.) Hara. Another variety, variety quadrisulcata, is native to Asia.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Cornaceae
Stems - Woody, multiple. A shrub to 3m tall. Young twigs densely pubescent (tomentose) with mostly grayish hairs, terete.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +/-1.5cm long, terete, tomentose, green. Blades elliptic, short-acuminate to acute, entire, to +/-10cm long, +/-3.5cm broad, dull dark green adaxially with a moderate number of malpighian hairs (appearing glabrous), bright whitish below with malpighian hairs on the leaf tissue and tomentose hairs on the veins. Veins expressed below.
Inflorescence - Terminal cymes, typically flat, definitely broader than tall.
Flowers - Petals 4, white, +/- 3mm long. Stamens 4.
Fruits - Typically globose drupe to 8mm in diameter, bluish-black.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Rocky stream banks, wet ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Sorry I don't have a picture of the flowers here. Another species, Cornus racemosa, has similar flowers but remember the inflorescence of C. obliqua is flattish.
This species has the most narrow leaves of any Cornus in this state. The picture doesn't do the fruits justice, they are brilliant blue.
Stems - Woody, multiple. A shrub to 3m tall. Young twigs densely pubescent (tomentose) with mostly grayish hairs, terete.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +/-1.5cm long, terete, tomentose, green. Blades elliptic, short-acuminate to acute, entire, to +/-10cm long, +/-3.5cm broad, dull dark green adaxially with a moderate number of malpighian hairs (appearing glabrous), bright whitish below with malpighian hairs on the leaf tissue and tomentose hairs on the veins. Veins expressed below.
Inflorescence - Terminal cymes, typically flat, definitely broader than tall.
Flowers - Petals 4, white, +/- 3mm long. Stamens 4.
Fruits - Typically globose drupe to 8mm in diameter, bluish-black.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Rocky stream banks, wet ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Sorry I don't have a picture of the flowers here. Another species, Cornus racemosa, has similar flowers but remember the inflorescence of C. obliqua is flattish.
This species has the most narrow leaves of any Cornus in this state. The picture doesn't do the fruits justice, they are brilliant blue.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Rubiaceae
Stems - Trailing to ascending, herbaceous, 4-angled, often with reddish tinge, retrorse pubescent to glabrous, to +15cm tall, +30cm long.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile. Pairs of opposing leaves joined at base by sheathing stipules. Stipules with 3-5 bristle-like lobes on upper margin. Middle lobe longest, to 5mm long. Leaf blades to 4cm long, 1.5cm broad, elliptic below, becoming linear-oblong above, entire, with antrorse strigillose margins, glabrous or sparse pilose at base on margins, typically acute.
Inflorescence - Single or double flowers from leaf axils. Flowers sessile.
Flowers - Corolla white, 4-lobed, salverform. Corolla tube to 8mm long, glabrous. Lobes 5-6mm long, 2.5mm broad spreading, white, glabrous externally, dense pubescent internally. Stamens 4, alternating with corolla lobes, adnate at apex of corolla tube, exserted. Filaments to +4mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers 2mm long, white. Style 1.1cm long, glabrous, filiform, flattened. Stigmas 2, 4mm long. Ovary 2-locular. Calyx tube to 4mm long (in flower), 2-lobed. Lobes 6mm long, attenuate, ciliate-margined. Caylx accrescent. Fruit to 8mm long, pubescent to glabrous.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Wet soils, pond margins, wet meadows.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the lower 1/3 of Missouri. Our plants belong to variety virginiana. Another variety, var. attenuata Fern., has more narrow fruits and is not found in Missouri.
Steyermark splits var. virginiana into two forms. Form hirsuta (Pursh) Fern. has pubescent stems and fruits. Form virginiana has glabrous stems and fruits and is more common in our state.
Stems - Trailing to ascending, herbaceous, 4-angled, often with reddish tinge, retrorse pubescent to glabrous, to +15cm tall, +30cm long.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile. Pairs of opposing leaves joined at base by sheathing stipules. Stipules with 3-5 bristle-like lobes on upper margin. Middle lobe longest, to 5mm long. Leaf blades to 4cm long, 1.5cm broad, elliptic below, becoming linear-oblong above, entire, with antrorse strigillose margins, glabrous or sparse pilose at base on margins, typically acute.
Inflorescence - Single or double flowers from leaf axils. Flowers sessile.
Flowers - Corolla white, 4-lobed, salverform. Corolla tube to 8mm long, glabrous. Lobes 5-6mm long, 2.5mm broad spreading, white, glabrous externally, dense pubescent internally. Stamens 4, alternating with corolla lobes, adnate at apex of corolla tube, exserted. Filaments to +4mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers 2mm long, white. Style 1.1cm long, glabrous, filiform, flattened. Stigmas 2, 4mm long. Ovary 2-locular. Calyx tube to 4mm long (in flower), 2-lobed. Lobes 6mm long, attenuate, ciliate-margined. Caylx accrescent. Fruit to 8mm long, pubescent to glabrous.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Wet soils, pond margins, wet meadows.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found in the lower 1/3 of Missouri. Our plants belong to variety virginiana. Another variety, var. attenuata Fern., has more narrow fruits and is not found in Missouri.
Steyermark splits var. virginiana into two forms. Form hirsuta (Pursh) Fern. has pubescent stems and fruits. Form virginiana has glabrous stems and fruits and is more common in our state.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Scrophulariaceae
Stems - No info. yet.
Leaves - No info. yet.
Inflorescence - No info. yet.
Flowers - No info. yet.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Wet ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species can be found scattered throughout Missouri. The plant grows well from seed and would do well in in cultivation as a pond margin plant.
C. glabra is a very variable plant. The leaves may be pubescent or not and have many different shapes. The corollas can range from green to pinkish or white. Steyermark lists several different forms and varieties depending on the factors mentioned above but I won't go into those here.
Stems - No info. yet.
Leaves - No info. yet.
Inflorescence - No info. yet.
Flowers - No info. yet.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Wet ground.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species can be found scattered throughout Missouri. The plant grows well from seed and would do well in in cultivation as a pond margin plant.
C. glabra is a very variable plant. The leaves may be pubescent or not and have many different shapes. The corollas can range from green to pinkish or white. Steyermark lists several different forms and varieties depending on the factors mentioned above but I won't go into those here.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Lamiaceae
Stems - To 1.5m tall, hirsute, 4-angled, hollow, erect, from rhizomes, with fibrous roots, herbaceous, single or multiple from base, branching above or single.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate, typically ovate, serrate, pubescent above, densely pubescent below and hirsute on veins, to +/-8cm long, +/-4cm broad, acuminate. Petiole to 2.5cm long, hirsute.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal verticillasters numbering from 1 to 6. Each verticillaster subtended by small hirsute foliaceous bracts to +/-1cm long, 5-6mm broad. Pedicels 1.5mm long, hirsute.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, white with purple spotting internally, hirsute. Tube to 8mm long. Upper lip single lobed, 3mm long, glabrous internally. Lower lip 3-lobed, 4.5mm long, 3-4mm broad, glabrous internally. Central lobe thin, with parallel margins, emarginate to shallowly lobed at apex, longer than lateral lobes. Stamens 2, exserted from upper lip. Filaments white, glabrous, adnate near apex of corolla tube, 6mm long. Anthers 1mm long, purplish-brown. Style 1cm long, glabrous, white, exserted. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary of 4 glabrous white nutlets. Calyx bilabiate, hirsute. Calyx tube to to 3.5mm long, with 13 nerves. Upper lip 3-lobed. Lobes 3mm long, attenuate, green. Lower lip 2-lobed. Lobes attenuate, 1.1mm long, dark purple.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Shaded slopes, rich woods, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant, like many species in the family, is very fragrant when bruised or crushed. It is a favorite forage item of the local insect population and authors have noted that it is hard to find a plant which has not been browsed. I was lucky to find the beautiful cluster of plants photographed above.
The plant shown is variety hirsuta. Steyermark notes a second variety, v. glabrata Fern., in which the stems and leaves are typically glabrous, but this variety is not recorded from Missouri.
Another species, B. ciliata (L.) Benth.is similar but is typically shorter, has lanceolate leaves, and has pale bluish flowers. While B. hirsuta is found scattered throughout the state, B. ciliata is found mainly in the eastern 2/3 of the state except in the south where it covers the entire range of Missouri.
Stems - To 1.5m tall, hirsute, 4-angled, hollow, erect, from rhizomes, with fibrous roots, herbaceous, single or multiple from base, branching above or single.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate, typically ovate, serrate, pubescent above, densely pubescent below and hirsute on veins, to +/-8cm long, +/-4cm broad, acuminate. Petiole to 2.5cm long, hirsute.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal verticillasters numbering from 1 to 6. Each verticillaster subtended by small hirsute foliaceous bracts to +/-1cm long, 5-6mm broad. Pedicels 1.5mm long, hirsute.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, white with purple spotting internally, hirsute. Tube to 8mm long. Upper lip single lobed, 3mm long, glabrous internally. Lower lip 3-lobed, 4.5mm long, 3-4mm broad, glabrous internally. Central lobe thin, with parallel margins, emarginate to shallowly lobed at apex, longer than lateral lobes. Stamens 2, exserted from upper lip. Filaments white, glabrous, adnate near apex of corolla tube, 6mm long. Anthers 1mm long, purplish-brown. Style 1cm long, glabrous, white, exserted. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary of 4 glabrous white nutlets. Calyx bilabiate, hirsute. Calyx tube to to 3.5mm long, with 13 nerves. Upper lip 3-lobed. Lobes 3mm long, attenuate, green. Lower lip 2-lobed. Lobes attenuate, 1.1mm long, dark purple.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Shaded slopes, rich woods, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This plant, like many species in the family, is very fragrant when bruised or crushed. It is a favorite forage item of the local insect population and authors have noted that it is hard to find a plant which has not been browsed. I was lucky to find the beautiful cluster of plants photographed above.
The plant shown is variety hirsuta. Steyermark notes a second variety, v. glabrata Fern., in which the stems and leaves are typically glabrous, but this variety is not recorded from Missouri.
Another species, B. ciliata (L.) Benth.is similar but is typically shorter, has lanceolate leaves, and has pale bluish flowers. While B. hirsuta is found scattered throughout the state, B. ciliata is found mainly in the eastern 2/3 of the state except in the south where it covers the entire range of Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Asclepiadaceae
Stems - Twining, climbing, herbaceous, often reddish, with milky sap, with villous pubescence in lines on the stems.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +7cm long, reddish-green. Blades typically glabrous but also variously pubescent, dark green with evident veining above, cordate, ovate, acute to acuminate or apiculate, to +/-10cm long, +/-8cm broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary umbellate cyme with +/-30 flowers. Peduncles to 5cm long, pubescent. Pedicels to 1cm long, pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla deeply 5-lobed. Lobes whitish, 7mm long, -3mm broad, erect to spreading, glabrous. Corona of 5 appendages. Appendages white, erect, to 6mm long, expanded at base, tapering into 2 linear lobes at apex. Calyx 5-lobed. Lobes green with some purple, ovate-lanceolate, to 3mm long, sparse pubescent.
Fruit - A large follicle, 10-11cm long, 4cm wide at widest point, teardrop-shaped, glabrous. Seeds winged, to +8mm long. Coma to 4cm long, white.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Disturbed sites, along fences, waste ground, roadsides, railroads, thickets, open woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Being from the Asclepiadaceae, this plant will "bleed" a white, latex-like secretion when pinched or bruised. Don't get this in your eyes nose or mouth as it can be irritating or harmful.
This plant is seen as a weed by some but it always dies back in the fall leaving the large fruits hanging until they split open dorsally. The seeds can be carried a great distance by the wind.
This species can be found throughout most of Missouri but is apparently absent from the south-central Ozark region.
Stems - Twining, climbing, herbaceous, often reddish, with milky sap, with villous pubescence in lines on the stems.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +7cm long, reddish-green. Blades typically glabrous but also variously pubescent, dark green with evident veining above, cordate, ovate, acute to acuminate or apiculate, to +/-10cm long, +/-8cm broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary umbellate cyme with +/-30 flowers. Peduncles to 5cm long, pubescent. Pedicels to 1cm long, pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla deeply 5-lobed. Lobes whitish, 7mm long, -3mm broad, erect to spreading, glabrous. Corona of 5 appendages. Appendages white, erect, to 6mm long, expanded at base, tapering into 2 linear lobes at apex. Calyx 5-lobed. Lobes green with some purple, ovate-lanceolate, to 3mm long, sparse pubescent.
Fruit - A large follicle, 10-11cm long, 4cm wide at widest point, teardrop-shaped, glabrous. Seeds winged, to +8mm long. Coma to 4cm long, white.
Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Disturbed sites, along fences, waste ground, roadsides, railroads, thickets, open woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Being from the Asclepiadaceae, this plant will "bleed" a white, latex-like secretion when pinched or bruised. Don't get this in your eyes nose or mouth as it can be irritating or harmful.
This plant is seen as a weed by some but it always dies back in the fall leaving the large fruits hanging until they split open dorsally. The seeds can be carried a great distance by the wind.
This species can be found throughout most of Missouri but is apparently absent from the south-central Ozark region.
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