文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Rubiaceae
Stems - Multiple from the base, branching, herbaceous, 4-angled, to +/-40cm long, ascending to erect or reclining, glabrous to sparse retrorse strigose, with bumps and the angles, from a small crown and fibrous roots.
Leaves - Whorled, 4 at a node, sessile, linear-lanceolate, to +/-4cm long, +5mm broad, with three main nerves, entire, with ciliate margins, glabrous above, sparsely pubescent below, green above, light green below. Veins of leaf impressed above, expressed below.
Inflorescence - Terminal cymes to +10cm long and broad. Each division of the cyme subtended by a pair of elliptic bracts. Bracts reduced upward, with retrorse hairs at the base. Pedicels and peduncles of cyme glabrous, 4-angled, often with hairs in their axils. Pedicels to 4mm long.
Flowers - Corolla white, 4-lobed, +/-3mm broad. Corolla tube conic, -1mm long. Lobes acute, glabrous, +1mm long and broad, ovate-oblong, entire. Stamens 4, alternating with the corolla lobes, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, erect, exserted. Filaments to .7mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers yellow-brown, .2-.3mm long. Style 1, glabrous, white, slightly exserted, bifurcate in the apical 1/2, +1mm long. Stigmas capitate, translucent, .1-.2mm broad. Ovary inferior, light green, with antrorse hairs, bilobed, .7mm long in flower, .8mm broad.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - North-facing ledges and crevices of limestone bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is extremely rare in Missouri and can only be found in two counties in the state. The plant is a relic from before the retreat of the Pleistocene ice sheets. It has remained only in the cool, north-facing bluffs along the Jack's Fork River.
In Missouri G. borealis doesn't take the erect form that it is capable of. Plants in this state hang from the rock crevices from which they grow and look like this.
Stems - Multiple from the base, branching, herbaceous, 4-angled, to +/-40cm long, ascending to erect or reclining, glabrous to sparse retrorse strigose, with bumps and the angles, from a small crown and fibrous roots.
Leaves - Whorled, 4 at a node, sessile, linear-lanceolate, to +/-4cm long, +5mm broad, with three main nerves, entire, with ciliate margins, glabrous above, sparsely pubescent below, green above, light green below. Veins of leaf impressed above, expressed below.
Inflorescence - Terminal cymes to +10cm long and broad. Each division of the cyme subtended by a pair of elliptic bracts. Bracts reduced upward, with retrorse hairs at the base. Pedicels and peduncles of cyme glabrous, 4-angled, often with hairs in their axils. Pedicels to 4mm long.
Flowers - Corolla white, 4-lobed, +/-3mm broad. Corolla tube conic, -1mm long. Lobes acute, glabrous, +1mm long and broad, ovate-oblong, entire. Stamens 4, alternating with the corolla lobes, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, erect, exserted. Filaments to .7mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers yellow-brown, .2-.3mm long. Style 1, glabrous, white, slightly exserted, bifurcate in the apical 1/2, +1mm long. Stigmas capitate, translucent, .1-.2mm broad. Ovary inferior, light green, with antrorse hairs, bilobed, .7mm long in flower, .8mm broad.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - North-facing ledges and crevices of limestone bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is extremely rare in Missouri and can only be found in two counties in the state. The plant is a relic from before the retreat of the Pleistocene ice sheets. It has remained only in the cool, north-facing bluffs along the Jack's Fork River.
In Missouri G. borealis doesn't take the erect form that it is capable of. Plants in this state hang from the rock crevices from which they grow and look like this.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Rubiaceae
Stems - No info. yet.
Leaves - No info. yet.
Inflorescence - No info. yet.
Flowers - No info. yet.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Rich or rocky wooded slopes, bluffs, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is fairly easy to identify because of its four ovate-lanceolate leaves, small white flowers, and bristled fruits. The plant is very common in the habitats mentioned above. Another species, G. pilosum Ait., is similar but has elliptic leaves and reddish-purple flowers.
Stems - No info. yet.
Leaves - No info. yet.
Inflorescence - No info. yet.
Flowers - No info. yet.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Rich or rocky wooded slopes, bluffs, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is fairly easy to identify because of its four ovate-lanceolate leaves, small white flowers, and bristled fruits. The plant is very common in the habitats mentioned above. Another species, G. pilosum Ait., is similar but has elliptic leaves and reddish-purple flowers.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Rubiaceae
Stems - Reclining to ascending, to +/-1.5m long, 4-angled, with retrorse prickles on margins of angles, hollow, multiple from base, branching, herbaceous.
Leaves - In whorls of typically 8, sessile, linear-oblanceolate, mucronate to cuspidate, scabrous, to +7cm long, -1cm broad, with retrorse strigillose to retrorse prickle margins, midrib with prickles below.
Inflorescence - Axillary 2 to 5-flowered pedunculate cymes. Pedicels elongating in fruit, glabrous to scabrous.
Flowers - Corolla white, 4-lobed, tiny, to 3mm broad. Corolla tube to .5mm long. Lobes acute, 1.2mm long and broad, glabrous. Stamens 4, included, alternating with lobes. Styles 2, included, pale yellow. Stigmas capitate, pale-yellow. Ovary 2-carpellate. Calyx globose, hispid, 2mm in diameter. Fruit biglobose, uncinate-hispid, to +/-5mm in diameter, each carpel one seeded.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Thickets, valleys, waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S. and Eurasia.
Other info. - Just about everyone has encountered this plant at one time or another. The hooked spines of the fruit hold onto just about anything and are tough to remove. Apparently the fruits are good for something though. If dried and roasted they make a good drink, much like coffee. I haven't tried it yet. The plant itself isn't attractive as the branches grow in a tangled mass low to the ground. The plant is common throughout Missouri.
Stems - Reclining to ascending, to +/-1.5m long, 4-angled, with retrorse prickles on margins of angles, hollow, multiple from base, branching, herbaceous.
Leaves - In whorls of typically 8, sessile, linear-oblanceolate, mucronate to cuspidate, scabrous, to +7cm long, -1cm broad, with retrorse strigillose to retrorse prickle margins, midrib with prickles below.
Inflorescence - Axillary 2 to 5-flowered pedunculate cymes. Pedicels elongating in fruit, glabrous to scabrous.
Flowers - Corolla white, 4-lobed, tiny, to 3mm broad. Corolla tube to .5mm long. Lobes acute, 1.2mm long and broad, glabrous. Stamens 4, included, alternating with lobes. Styles 2, included, pale yellow. Stigmas capitate, pale-yellow. Ovary 2-carpellate. Calyx globose, hispid, 2mm in diameter. Fruit biglobose, uncinate-hispid, to +/-5mm in diameter, each carpel one seeded.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Thickets, valleys, waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S. and Eurasia.
Other info. - Just about everyone has encountered this plant at one time or another. The hooked spines of the fruit hold onto just about anything and are tough to remove. Apparently the fruits are good for something though. If dried and roasted they make a good drink, much like coffee. I haven't tried it yet. The plant itself isn't attractive as the branches grow in a tangled mass low to the ground. The plant is common throughout Missouri.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Rubiaceae
Stems - Reclining to ascending, to +/-1.5m long, 4-angled, with retrorse prickles on margins of angles, hollow, multiple from base, branching, herbaceous.
Leaves - In whorls of typically 8, sessile, linear-oblanceolate, mucronate to cuspidate, scabrous, to +7cm long, -1cm broad, with retrorse strigillose to retrorse prickle margins, midrib with prickles below.
Inflorescence - Axillary 2 to 5-flowered pedunculate cymes. Pedicels elongating in fruit, glabrous to scabrous.
Flowers - Corolla white, 4-lobed, tiny, to 3mm broad. Corolla tube to .5mm long. Lobes acute, 1.2mm long and broad, glabrous. Stamens 4, included, alternating with lobes. Styles 2, included, pale yellow. Stigmas capitate, pale-yellow. Ovary 2-carpellate. Calyx globose, hispid, 2mm in diameter. Fruit biglobose, uncinate-hispid, to +/-5mm in diameter, each carpel one seeded.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Thickets, valleys, waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S. and Eurasia.
Other info. - Just about everyone has encountered this plant at one time or another. The hooked spines of the fruit hold onto just about anything and are tough to remove. Apparently the fruits are good for something though. If dried and roasted they make a good drink, much like coffee. I haven't tried it yet. The plant itself isn't attractive as the branches grow in a tangled mass low to the ground. The plant is common throughout Missouri.
Stems - Reclining to ascending, to +/-1.5m long, 4-angled, with retrorse prickles on margins of angles, hollow, multiple from base, branching, herbaceous.
Leaves - In whorls of typically 8, sessile, linear-oblanceolate, mucronate to cuspidate, scabrous, to +7cm long, -1cm broad, with retrorse strigillose to retrorse prickle margins, midrib with prickles below.
Inflorescence - Axillary 2 to 5-flowered pedunculate cymes. Pedicels elongating in fruit, glabrous to scabrous.
Flowers - Corolla white, 4-lobed, tiny, to 3mm broad. Corolla tube to .5mm long. Lobes acute, 1.2mm long and broad, glabrous. Stamens 4, included, alternating with lobes. Styles 2, included, pale yellow. Stigmas capitate, pale-yellow. Ovary 2-carpellate. Calyx globose, hispid, 2mm in diameter. Fruit biglobose, uncinate-hispid, to +/-5mm in diameter, each carpel one seeded.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Thickets, valleys, waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S. and Eurasia.
Other info. - Just about everyone has encountered this plant at one time or another. The hooked spines of the fruit hold onto just about anything and are tough to remove. Apparently the fruits are good for something though. If dried and roasted they make a good drink, much like coffee. I haven't tried it yet. The plant itself isn't attractive as the branches grow in a tangled mass low to the ground. The plant is common throughout Missouri.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Euphorbiaceae
Stems - From a thick taproot, herbaceous, erect to ascending or reclining, branching, sparse pubescent, with milky sap, to +45cm long, +30cm tall, typically becoming red in strong sun. Hairs of stem tomentoulose.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to 2mm long. Blades oblique at the base, rounded at the apex, to +3cm long, 1.3cm broad, glaucous abaxially, deep green adaxially, shallow serrate, pilosuous. Margins often reddish. Most of the primary lateral veins arising from the base of the leaf.
Inflorescence - Single axillary cyathia. Pedicels to 4mm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Glands of cyathia with white petaloid appendages. Appendages to .5mm long, .7mm broad. Involucre of cyathia glabrous, 1.5mm long. Pistillate portion of cyathium drooping. Styles 3, 1mm long, green, bifurcate. Ovary glabrous, green, 2mm broad in flower. Capsule 3-sided, 3-locular, glabrous. One seed per locule. Staminate flowers 2-5(11) per cyathium.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Thickets, fallow fields, gravel bars, cultivated fields, pastures, open woods, disturbed sites, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This weedy species is found throughout Missouri. The plant is very common along roadsides and in disturbed areas. Many of the plants from this genus can be hard to differentiate. E. maculata can be a fairly big plant with fairly large leaves (for a spurge), which helps to identify it in the field.
Stems - From a thick taproot, herbaceous, erect to ascending or reclining, branching, sparse pubescent, with milky sap, to +45cm long, +30cm tall, typically becoming red in strong sun. Hairs of stem tomentoulose.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to 2mm long. Blades oblique at the base, rounded at the apex, to +3cm long, 1.3cm broad, glaucous abaxially, deep green adaxially, shallow serrate, pilosuous. Margins often reddish. Most of the primary lateral veins arising from the base of the leaf.
Inflorescence - Single axillary cyathia. Pedicels to 4mm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Glands of cyathia with white petaloid appendages. Appendages to .5mm long, .7mm broad. Involucre of cyathia glabrous, 1.5mm long. Pistillate portion of cyathium drooping. Styles 3, 1mm long, green, bifurcate. Ovary glabrous, green, 2mm broad in flower. Capsule 3-sided, 3-locular, glabrous. One seed per locule. Staminate flowers 2-5(11) per cyathium.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Thickets, fallow fields, gravel bars, cultivated fields, pastures, open woods, disturbed sites, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This weedy species is found throughout Missouri. The plant is very common along roadsides and in disturbed areas. Many of the plants from this genus can be hard to differentiate. E. maculata can be a fairly big plant with fairly large leaves (for a spurge), which helps to identify it in the field.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Caryophyllaceae
Stems - Erect to decumbent, green to purple (in strong sun), hirsute, herbaceous, multiple from fibrous roots, typically simple, to +/-30cm tall (long).
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, oblong, elliptic, narrowly ovate, lanceolate or combinations of those, pilose, with prominent midrib below, entire, obtuse to acute, to +1.5cm long, +5mm broad.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal cymes. Pedicels to 5mm long, pubescent, green to purple, .6mm in diameter, elongating slightly in fruit but equaling to shorter than the mature calyx.
Flowers - Petals 5, free, white, glabrous, 4-5mm long, 2-2.5mm broad, notched at the apex to about 1/3 the total length. Stamens 10. Filaments 3mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers whitish, .2mm long, 3-lobed. Ovary sub-globose, green, glabrous, 1.5-2mm long, with many ovules, placentation axile. Styles 5, white, 1.5mm long. Sepals 5, distinct, 6mm long, 2mm broad, scarious at the margins and apex, pubescent externally with long and short hairs, glabrous internally, acuminate, lance-oblong.
Flowering - April - November.
Habitat - Fields, pastures, prairies, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - At first glance this plant may appear very similar to the related genus Stellaria. The differences between the two genera are small, such as 5 styles for Cerastium and 3 styles for Stellaria. Obviously other differences exist and you can learn these for yourself.
C. glomeratum is found mainly in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to overlook because it grows amongst taller grasses and broad leaf plants.
Stems - Erect to decumbent, green to purple (in strong sun), hirsute, herbaceous, multiple from fibrous roots, typically simple, to +/-30cm tall (long).
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, oblong, elliptic, narrowly ovate, lanceolate or combinations of those, pilose, with prominent midrib below, entire, obtuse to acute, to +1.5cm long, +5mm broad.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal cymes. Pedicels to 5mm long, pubescent, green to purple, .6mm in diameter, elongating slightly in fruit but equaling to shorter than the mature calyx.
Flowers - Petals 5, free, white, glabrous, 4-5mm long, 2-2.5mm broad, notched at the apex to about 1/3 the total length. Stamens 10. Filaments 3mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers whitish, .2mm long, 3-lobed. Ovary sub-globose, green, glabrous, 1.5-2mm long, with many ovules, placentation axile. Styles 5, white, 1.5mm long. Sepals 5, distinct, 6mm long, 2mm broad, scarious at the margins and apex, pubescent externally with long and short hairs, glabrous internally, acuminate, lance-oblong.
Flowering - April - November.
Habitat - Fields, pastures, prairies, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - At first glance this plant may appear very similar to the related genus Stellaria. The differences between the two genera are small, such as 5 styles for Cerastium and 3 styles for Stellaria. Obviously other differences exist and you can learn these for yourself.
C. glomeratum is found mainly in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to overlook because it grows amongst taller grasses and broad leaf plants.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Rubiaceae
Stems - Woody, to 5m tall, multiple or with a single trunk, glabrous.
Leaves - Opposite or whorled, to 15cm long, 7cm broad, typically oblong to broadly elliptic, glabrous or with some tufts of hairs in axils of nerves (veins), petiolate.
Inflorescence - Globose head of many flowers, (to 3cm in diameter), on single peduncle from leaf axils and terminal.
Flowers - White. Corolla tubular, 4-lobed, +/- 1cm long. Style long protruding from corolla. Stamens 4, included within corolla.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Moist to wet ground, occasionally cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a very common shrub in swamps and wet woods. It is toxic if eaten.
Steyermark lists two varieties for this state. Variety occidentalis (pictured above) has glabrous leaves and stems. Variety pubescens has pubescent branches and leaves which are pubescent on the lower surface.
Stems - Woody, to 5m tall, multiple or with a single trunk, glabrous.
Leaves - Opposite or whorled, to 15cm long, 7cm broad, typically oblong to broadly elliptic, glabrous or with some tufts of hairs in axils of nerves (veins), petiolate.
Inflorescence - Globose head of many flowers, (to 3cm in diameter), on single peduncle from leaf axils and terminal.
Flowers - White. Corolla tubular, 4-lobed, +/- 1cm long. Style long protruding from corolla. Stamens 4, included within corolla.
Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Moist to wet ground, occasionally cultivated.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a very common shrub in swamps and wet woods. It is toxic if eaten.
Steyermark lists two varieties for this state. Variety occidentalis (pictured above) has glabrous leaves and stems. Variety pubescens has pubescent branches and leaves which are pubescent on the lower surface.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Asclepiadaceae
Stems - To +/-60cm tall, erect, herbaceous, from rhizomes and fleshy roots, branching in upper 1/2, with short pubescence in vertical lines from between leaf bases. Internodes short.
Leaves - Sessile to short petiolate, (the petioles to -2mm long), linear, in whorls of 3-6 at each node, glabrous or with some pubescence, +/- 7cm long, 2-3mm broad, acute, with single prominent midrib. Margins revolute creating a terete effect.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate umbels. Peduncles to +3cm long, pubescent. Flowers typically 10-20 per umbel. Pedicels purplish at base, 8-9mm long, pubescent. Typically 0-2 bracts present at the base of the umbels. Bracts linear and short.
Flowers - Petals greenish-white, purplish at apex, elliptic-oblong, 4-5mm long, 2mm broad, recurved with the tips slightly spreading, glabrous to minutely puberulent at the base internally,(use a lens to see). Hoods white, to 1.5mm long, glabrous. Horns white, 1.7mm long, loosely converging over anther column. Anther column greenish, white at apex, 2mm long. Pollinia 1.2mm long, translator deep purplish-brown. Pistils 2, glabrous, greenish, 2mm long. Follicles to 10cm long, 1cm broad.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Prairies, pastures, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive little species can be found throughout Missouri. Like most of the species in this family the plant is toxic. This is one of the most easily recognized members of the genus because of the thread-like, whorled leaves. Because it handles dry conditions very well, A. verticillata would make a fine garden specimen. Many flying insects are attracted to its flowers.
Stems - To +/-60cm tall, erect, herbaceous, from rhizomes and fleshy roots, branching in upper 1/2, with short pubescence in vertical lines from between leaf bases. Internodes short.
Leaves - Sessile to short petiolate, (the petioles to -2mm long), linear, in whorls of 3-6 at each node, glabrous or with some pubescence, +/- 7cm long, 2-3mm broad, acute, with single prominent midrib. Margins revolute creating a terete effect.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate umbels. Peduncles to +3cm long, pubescent. Flowers typically 10-20 per umbel. Pedicels purplish at base, 8-9mm long, pubescent. Typically 0-2 bracts present at the base of the umbels. Bracts linear and short.
Flowers - Petals greenish-white, purplish at apex, elliptic-oblong, 4-5mm long, 2mm broad, recurved with the tips slightly spreading, glabrous to minutely puberulent at the base internally,(use a lens to see). Hoods white, to 1.5mm long, glabrous. Horns white, 1.7mm long, loosely converging over anther column. Anther column greenish, white at apex, 2mm long. Pollinia 1.2mm long, translator deep purplish-brown. Pistils 2, glabrous, greenish, 2mm long. Follicles to 10cm long, 1cm broad.
Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Prairies, pastures, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive little species can be found throughout Missouri. Like most of the species in this family the plant is toxic. This is one of the most easily recognized members of the genus because of the thread-like, whorled leaves. Because it handles dry conditions very well, A. verticillata would make a fine garden specimen. Many flying insects are attracted to its flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Ranunculaceae
Stems - To +15cm tall, from tuberous roots, herbaceous, often reddish, thin, (+/-1mm in diameter), erect, single or multiple from base. Plant completely glabrous.
Leaves - Opposite. Basal leaves biternate to triternate, appearing at anthesis, petiolate. Petioles to +12cm long. Leaflets shallowly 3-lobed or just notched, to +2cm long, +1.5cm broad. Cauline leaves forming an involucre at base of umble rays, ternate. Leaflets similar to those of basal leaves.
Inflorescence - Terminal umbel with 1-4 rays. Rays to +3cm long, very thin. Single flower terminating each ray.
Flowers - Apetalous. Sepals petaloid, 5-8, typically white but also pinkish-lilac, to 12mm long, 6mm broad, glabrous, rounded to subacute at apex, obovate to ovate. Stamens many. Filaments to +/-5mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers yellow, to +1.5mm long. Carpels 4-15. Achenes 8(10)-ribbed, to 5mm long, 2mm in diameter, fusiform, glabrous to pubescent.
Flowering - March - June.
Habitat - Dry open or rocky woods, upland slopes, ridges.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small plant is common throughout Missouri but is easy to confuse with another member of the Ranunculaceae, Isopyrum biternatum (Raf.) T.&G.
They can be differentiate by the following: Isopyrum inhabits low woods and moist soils, has smaller flowers with only 4-5 petaloid sepals(which are always white), and has fibrous roots and alternate leaves.
A. thalictroides gets its species name from the fact that its leaflets resemble those of the genus Thalictrum, which is also in the Ranunculaceae. "thalictroides" means "looks like Thalictrum."
Steyermark lists three forms for the plant in Missouri. Form thalictroides is the most common and is described above. Form chlorantha Fassett has sepals which are all green and foliaceous. Form favilliana Bergseng is double-flowered with all the stamens and pistils petal-like.
Stems - To +15cm tall, from tuberous roots, herbaceous, often reddish, thin, (+/-1mm in diameter), erect, single or multiple from base. Plant completely glabrous.
Leaves - Opposite. Basal leaves biternate to triternate, appearing at anthesis, petiolate. Petioles to +12cm long. Leaflets shallowly 3-lobed or just notched, to +2cm long, +1.5cm broad. Cauline leaves forming an involucre at base of umble rays, ternate. Leaflets similar to those of basal leaves.
Inflorescence - Terminal umbel with 1-4 rays. Rays to +3cm long, very thin. Single flower terminating each ray.
Flowers - Apetalous. Sepals petaloid, 5-8, typically white but also pinkish-lilac, to 12mm long, 6mm broad, glabrous, rounded to subacute at apex, obovate to ovate. Stamens many. Filaments to +/-5mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers yellow, to +1.5mm long. Carpels 4-15. Achenes 8(10)-ribbed, to 5mm long, 2mm in diameter, fusiform, glabrous to pubescent.
Flowering - March - June.
Habitat - Dry open or rocky woods, upland slopes, ridges.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This small plant is common throughout Missouri but is easy to confuse with another member of the Ranunculaceae, Isopyrum biternatum (Raf.) T.&G.
They can be differentiate by the following: Isopyrum inhabits low woods and moist soils, has smaller flowers with only 4-5 petaloid sepals(which are always white), and has fibrous roots and alternate leaves.
A. thalictroides gets its species name from the fact that its leaflets resemble those of the genus Thalictrum, which is also in the Ranunculaceae. "thalictroides" means "looks like Thalictrum."
Steyermark lists three forms for the plant in Missouri. Form thalictroides is the most common and is described above. Form chlorantha Fassett has sepals which are all green and foliaceous. Form favilliana Bergseng is double-flowered with all the stamens and pistils petal-like.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Asclepiadaceae
Stems - Multiple from a woody crown, erect to ascending, herbaceous, glabrescent below, with a longitudinal line of antrorse hairs in the internodes above, to +40cm tall, typically simple, terete to somewhat compressed.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, typically about 6-8 pairs below the inflorescence. Petioles to +1.5cm long, with an adaxial groove formed by decurrent blade tissue, glabrous. Blades narrowly elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, dull green above, light-green below, essentially glabrous except for a few antrorse hairs on the midrib below, entire, acute to acuminate, to +12cm long, +2cm broad. Midrib impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - Pedunculate umbels from the upper leaf axils with +/-25 flowers per umbel. Lower peduncles longer than the upper thus creating a flat-topped inflorescence. Peduncles to +2cm long, pubescent. Rays of inflorescence subtended by linear bracts. Bracts 2-4mm long, -1mm broad, sparse pubescent. Rays sparse antrorse pubescent, +1cm long, light purplish to greenish.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, spreading with the tips slightly incurved, 3-4mm long, +/-2mm broad, elliptic, sub-acute at the apex. Hoods white, glabrous, -2mm long. Horns white, exserted from the hoods for +2mm and arched over the anther column. Anther column light-purple, 2mm tall, 1.5mm in diameter, white at the apex. Pollinia total length 1.5mm long. Pollen sacs 1mm long. Terminator dark purple. Pistils 2, glabrous, green, enclosed by and subtending the anther column. Sepals 5, alternating with the petals, light-green, linear to linear-lanceolate, -3mm long, -1mm broad, sub-acute. Fruits not seen.
Flowering - Late May - September.
Habitat - Low, wet woods, cypress swamps, lake and pond margins, slow streams, wet ditches.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive species can be found only in the south-east corner on Missouri and is more common in states to the south and east. The plant can be identified by its many, mostly glabrous stems, elliptic, opposite leaves, and many clusters of small, white flowers. The only other white-flowered species of milkweed in Missouri are A. variegata L. and A. verticillata L. and neither resembles A. perennis.
Many species of Asclepias are harmful if ingested becasue they contain many cardiac glycosides and other secondary compounds. The sap from these plants should not be rubbed in the eyes or nose as it can be dangerous also.
Stems - Multiple from a woody crown, erect to ascending, herbaceous, glabrescent below, with a longitudinal line of antrorse hairs in the internodes above, to +40cm tall, typically simple, terete to somewhat compressed.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, typically about 6-8 pairs below the inflorescence. Petioles to +1.5cm long, with an adaxial groove formed by decurrent blade tissue, glabrous. Blades narrowly elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, dull green above, light-green below, essentially glabrous except for a few antrorse hairs on the midrib below, entire, acute to acuminate, to +12cm long, +2cm broad. Midrib impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - Pedunculate umbels from the upper leaf axils with +/-25 flowers per umbel. Lower peduncles longer than the upper thus creating a flat-topped inflorescence. Peduncles to +2cm long, pubescent. Rays of inflorescence subtended by linear bracts. Bracts 2-4mm long, -1mm broad, sparse pubescent. Rays sparse antrorse pubescent, +1cm long, light purplish to greenish.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, spreading with the tips slightly incurved, 3-4mm long, +/-2mm broad, elliptic, sub-acute at the apex. Hoods white, glabrous, -2mm long. Horns white, exserted from the hoods for +2mm and arched over the anther column. Anther column light-purple, 2mm tall, 1.5mm in diameter, white at the apex. Pollinia total length 1.5mm long. Pollen sacs 1mm long. Terminator dark purple. Pistils 2, glabrous, green, enclosed by and subtending the anther column. Sepals 5, alternating with the petals, light-green, linear to linear-lanceolate, -3mm long, -1mm broad, sub-acute. Fruits not seen.
Flowering - Late May - September.
Habitat - Low, wet woods, cypress swamps, lake and pond margins, slow streams, wet ditches.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This attractive species can be found only in the south-east corner on Missouri and is more common in states to the south and east. The plant can be identified by its many, mostly glabrous stems, elliptic, opposite leaves, and many clusters of small, white flowers. The only other white-flowered species of milkweed in Missouri are A. variegata L. and A. verticillata L. and neither resembles A. perennis.
Many species of Asclepias are harmful if ingested becasue they contain many cardiac glycosides and other secondary compounds. The sap from these plants should not be rubbed in the eyes or nose as it can be dangerous also.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Hippocastanaceae
Stems - Multiple from base, woody, erect, branching, to +5m tall. Young growth often reddish-green, glabrous.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, palmately compound with 5 leaflets. Leaflets glabrous, obovate, acute, margins entire, to +/-10 cm long, +/-5cm broad. Petioles reddish, glabrous to sparse pubescent, to +15cm long.
Inflorescence - Long terminal panicle to +30cm long(tall). Axis sparse pubescent. Pedicels to 7mm long, pubescent.
Flowers - Petals 4, equal, clawed, white, glabrous, rugose internally, to 1.6cm long, 3-4mm broad at apex, typically notched at apex. Stamens 6, exserted. Filaments white, to 4cm long, glabrous. Anthers red, 2.5mm long, 1.2mm broad. Style 6mm long, pubescent. Calyx 5-lobed, creamy white. Calyx tube to 5mm long, 2-3mm in diameter, pubescent. Lobes subequal, 2mm long, reddish at apex, rounded.
Fruit - Shiny, smooth capsule, longer than broad, with 1-3 seeds.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to southeastern U.S.
Other info. - This plant is gaining popularity as an ornamental because of the many long, attractive panciles it produces in flower. The seeds are toxic.
Stems - Multiple from base, woody, erect, branching, to +5m tall. Young growth often reddish-green, glabrous.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, palmately compound with 5 leaflets. Leaflets glabrous, obovate, acute, margins entire, to +/-10 cm long, +/-5cm broad. Petioles reddish, glabrous to sparse pubescent, to +15cm long.
Inflorescence - Long terminal panicle to +30cm long(tall). Axis sparse pubescent. Pedicels to 7mm long, pubescent.
Flowers - Petals 4, equal, clawed, white, glabrous, rugose internally, to 1.6cm long, 3-4mm broad at apex, typically notched at apex. Stamens 6, exserted. Filaments white, to 4cm long, glabrous. Anthers red, 2.5mm long, 1.2mm broad. Style 6mm long, pubescent. Calyx 5-lobed, creamy white. Calyx tube to 5mm long, 2-3mm in diameter, pubescent. Lobes subequal, 2mm long, reddish at apex, rounded.
Fruit - Shiny, smooth capsule, longer than broad, with 1-3 seeds.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to southeastern U.S.
Other info. - This plant is gaining popularity as an ornamental because of the many long, attractive panciles it produces in flower. The seeds are toxic.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Apocynaceae
Stems - To 1m tall, glabrous below, pubescent or villous above, glaucous, purplish, branching above, erect, single from base, rhizomatous.
Leaves - Opposite, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, sessile or on short petioles, glabrous to variously pubescent, typically acute at tip, entire, to +10cm long, +4cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary dense cymes. Pedicels short, to -3mm long. Flowers each subtended by a small lanceolate bract to 2mm long.
Flowers - Corolla tubular, whitish to greenish-white, small, to 5mm long, 5-lobed, glabrous internally and externally. Lobes ovate to triangular, acute, spreading, 2mm long. Stamens 5, alternating with corolla lobes, included. Anthers orange, connate around stigma. Nectaries 5, alternating with stamens. Ovary of two carpels. Placentation parietal. Follicles to 20cm long, spreading or erect, typically slightly curved. Seeds with a coma.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Open woods, pastures, waste ground, disturbed sites, wooded slopes, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri and is quite common. It can be identified in the field by its reddish stems, milky sap, opposite leaves, and small white flowers.
A. cannabinum is used as "Hemp", made from the twisted fibers of the plant. The species epithet means "Hemplike". Traditionally the plant was also used to treat a variety of ailments. The sap of the plant contains cardiac glycosides and is toxic in moderate to large doses. Some of the secondary compounds of the plant have shown antitumor activity.
Steyermark divides the species into two varieties. Variety cannabinum (pictured above) is basically glabrous throughout the entire plant. Variety pubescens exhibits pubescence on the leaves, stems, and calyx. Both are common.
Stems - To 1m tall, glabrous below, pubescent or villous above, glaucous, purplish, branching above, erect, single from base, rhizomatous.
Leaves - Opposite, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, sessile or on short petioles, glabrous to variously pubescent, typically acute at tip, entire, to +10cm long, +4cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary dense cymes. Pedicels short, to -3mm long. Flowers each subtended by a small lanceolate bract to 2mm long.
Flowers - Corolla tubular, whitish to greenish-white, small, to 5mm long, 5-lobed, glabrous internally and externally. Lobes ovate to triangular, acute, spreading, 2mm long. Stamens 5, alternating with corolla lobes, included. Anthers orange, connate around stigma. Nectaries 5, alternating with stamens. Ovary of two carpels. Placentation parietal. Follicles to 20cm long, spreading or erect, typically slightly curved. Seeds with a coma.
Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Open woods, pastures, waste ground, disturbed sites, wooded slopes, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri and is quite common. It can be identified in the field by its reddish stems, milky sap, opposite leaves, and small white flowers.
A. cannabinum is used as "Hemp", made from the twisted fibers of the plant. The species epithet means "Hemplike". Traditionally the plant was also used to treat a variety of ailments. The sap of the plant contains cardiac glycosides and is toxic in moderate to large doses. Some of the secondary compounds of the plant have shown antitumor activity.
Steyermark divides the species into two varieties. Variety cannabinum (pictured above) is basically glabrous throughout the entire plant. Variety pubescens exhibits pubescence on the leaves, stems, and calyx. Both are common.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Asclepiadaceae
Stems - No info. yet.
Inflorescence - No info. yet.
Flowers - No info. yet.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Dry or rocky woods, sandy open ground, ravine bottoms, low woods, slopes, ridges, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species of milkweed can be found in just the extreme southeastern corner of Missouri. The plant is simple to identify in the field because of its big full umbels of white flowers.
Like most of the milkweeds, the plant will bleed a thick white sap if injured. This sap can be irritating to some people and can be toxic if ingested. Despite this, milkweeds make excellent garden specimens and are simple to grow. The native species take NO care once established.
Stems - No info. yet.
Inflorescence - No info. yet.
Flowers - No info. yet.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Dry or rocky woods, sandy open ground, ravine bottoms, low woods, slopes, ridges, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking species of milkweed can be found in just the extreme southeastern corner of Missouri. The plant is simple to identify in the field because of its big full umbels of white flowers.
Like most of the milkweeds, the plant will bleed a thick white sap if injured. This sap can be irritating to some people and can be toxic if ingested. Despite this, milkweeds make excellent garden specimens and are simple to grow. The native species take NO care once established.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, herbaceous, single or multiple from base, from many thickened yet fibrous roots, glabrous to densely pubescent (the hairs typically antrorse), simple or branching in especially in inflorescence.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, decussate. Petioles to +/-4cm long, with an adaxial groove, pubescent (especially in groove), greenish to purple. Blades ovate, serrate, acute to acuminate, truncate to abruptly acuminate at base, to +/-12cm long, +/-8cm broad, sparse pubescent above and below (mostly on veins), dull deep green adaxially, shiny light green abaxially. Midrib and two basal lateral veins expressed abaxially. Serrations of margin often antrorse strigillose and with a minute light colored tip due to exserted vascular tissue.
Inflorescence - Terminal corymobose arrangement of flower heads. Peduncles densely antrorse pubescent, to 1cm long. Each division of inflorescence subtended by a small bract. Bracts foliaceous near base of inflorescence, reduced upward and becoming thin and linear.
Involucre - To +/-5mm long, 2-4mm in diameter, cylindric. Phyllaries in a single series and only slightly overlapping, linear to linear-oblong, ciliate-margined (especially at the apex), pubescent externally, glabrous internally, slightly cupped, acute, to 5mm long, 1mm broad.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - +/-14 per flower head. Corollas white, 5-lobed, constricted in lower 1/2, expanded in apical 1/2, to 4mm long, glabrous externally and internally. Lobes acute, spreading, pubescent externally, glabrous internally. Stamens 5, adnate at apex of constricted portion of corolla tube. Filaments white, filiform, to .8mm long. Anthers whitish to pale yellow, to 1.2mm long, connate around style, slightly exserted. Style well exserted, bifurcate, translucent-white, glabrous. Stigmas to +2mm long. Pappus a single series of capillary bristles to 3-4mm long. Bristles minutely barbellate (use lens to see). Achene greenish in flower, black in fruit, to +3mm long, 4-5 angled, glabrous to pubescent. Receptacle flat.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Rich, rocky woods, base of wooded bluffs, rock outcrops, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri and is quite common. The plant is variable in its pubescence and a couple different forms are mentioned in Steyermark. I won't go into those here.
This species is very toxic if eaten in quantity as it contains barium sulphate. Cows which graze on the plant produce poisonous milk and this was the cause of death for a number of pioneers in this country.
American Indians used a tea made from the roots to help diarrhea, painful urination, fevers, and kidney stones. The plant was also burned and the smoke used to revive unconscious patients.
Stems - To +1m tall, erect, herbaceous, single or multiple from base, from many thickened yet fibrous roots, glabrous to densely pubescent (the hairs typically antrorse), simple or branching in especially in inflorescence.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, decussate. Petioles to +/-4cm long, with an adaxial groove, pubescent (especially in groove), greenish to purple. Blades ovate, serrate, acute to acuminate, truncate to abruptly acuminate at base, to +/-12cm long, +/-8cm broad, sparse pubescent above and below (mostly on veins), dull deep green adaxially, shiny light green abaxially. Midrib and two basal lateral veins expressed abaxially. Serrations of margin often antrorse strigillose and with a minute light colored tip due to exserted vascular tissue.
Inflorescence - Terminal corymobose arrangement of flower heads. Peduncles densely antrorse pubescent, to 1cm long. Each division of inflorescence subtended by a small bract. Bracts foliaceous near base of inflorescence, reduced upward and becoming thin and linear.
Involucre - To +/-5mm long, 2-4mm in diameter, cylindric. Phyllaries in a single series and only slightly overlapping, linear to linear-oblong, ciliate-margined (especially at the apex), pubescent externally, glabrous internally, slightly cupped, acute, to 5mm long, 1mm broad.
Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - +/-14 per flower head. Corollas white, 5-lobed, constricted in lower 1/2, expanded in apical 1/2, to 4mm long, glabrous externally and internally. Lobes acute, spreading, pubescent externally, glabrous internally. Stamens 5, adnate at apex of constricted portion of corolla tube. Filaments white, filiform, to .8mm long. Anthers whitish to pale yellow, to 1.2mm long, connate around style, slightly exserted. Style well exserted, bifurcate, translucent-white, glabrous. Stigmas to +2mm long. Pappus a single series of capillary bristles to 3-4mm long. Bristles minutely barbellate (use lens to see). Achene greenish in flower, black in fruit, to +3mm long, 4-5 angled, glabrous to pubescent. Receptacle flat.
Flowering - July - October.
Habitat - Rich, rocky woods, base of wooded bluffs, rock outcrops, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri and is quite common. The plant is variable in its pubescence and a couple different forms are mentioned in Steyermark. I won't go into those here.
This species is very toxic if eaten in quantity as it contains barium sulphate. Cows which graze on the plant produce poisonous milk and this was the cause of death for a number of pioneers in this country.
American Indians used a tea made from the roots to help diarrhea, painful urination, fevers, and kidney stones. The plant was also burned and the smoke used to revive unconscious patients.
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文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Family - Lamiaceae
Stems - No info. yet.
Leaves - No info. yet.Inflorescence - No info. yet.
Flowers - No info. yet.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, low woods, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This species is still fairly rare in Missouri but its range is expanding. At the time of Steyermark's book it had only been collected in one location. The plant is an aggressive weed but is nice to look at. The flowers of G. tetrahit are typically some shade of pink but, as you can see, they can be all white also.
The genus name "Galeopsis means "looks like a weasel" (early botanists thought that is what the corolla resembled), and the species epithet means "four-parted", probably for the ovary of the plant.
Stems - No info. yet.
Leaves - No info. yet.Inflorescence - No info. yet.
Flowers - No info. yet.
Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, low woods, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This species is still fairly rare in Missouri but its range is expanding. At the time of Steyermark's book it had only been collected in one location. The plant is an aggressive weed but is nice to look at. The flowers of G. tetrahit are typically some shade of pink but, as you can see, they can be all white also.
The genus name "Galeopsis means "looks like a weasel" (early botanists thought that is what the corolla resembled), and the species epithet means "four-parted", probably for the ovary of the plant.
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