文章
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Family - Asteraceae
Stems - To 90cm tall, from thick root, multiple from base, herbaceous, erect, branching above, scabrous, antrorse strigose (dense above in inflorescence).
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate to sessile, scabrous above and below, crenate-dentate to crenate-serrate, strigose. Lowest (basal) leaves with winged petiole, to +30cm long, +12cm broad. Cauline leaves becoming reduced above, sessile, clasping, somewhat auriculate, lanceolate.
Inflorescence - More or less flat-topped dense corymbiform arrangement of flower heads terminating stems. Peduncles densely pubescent (the hairs multicellular). Small bracts present at divisions of inflorescence and often subtending involucre.
Involucre - 4-5mm tall (long), 6-7mm broad. Phyllaries to 4mm long, 3mm broad, elliptic-orbicular, densely covered with multicellular pubescence.
Ray flowers - 5, fertile, pistillate. Ligule tubular, 1.5mm long. Style bifurcate, brownish-black at stigmas. Achenes black, obovate, 3mm long, lenticular.
Disk flowers - Corollas 5-lobed, 1.4mm long. Achenes(in flower) green, 1mm long, pubescent at apex, becoming black and 3mm long in fruit. Receptacle conic. Chaff with pubescence at the apex, 3.5mm long. Pappus of 2-3 short awns.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Rocky prairies, limestone glades, open woods, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is common throughout nearly all of Missouri but is apparently absent from the extreme northwestern corner of the state. This is a fairly easy (see below) species to identify in the field because of its big clusters of flower heads and big scratchy leaves.
Another species, P. hispidum Raf., is similar but has hispid hairs on its stems and leaves. This species grows in the Ozark region of Missouri only.
Some authors group the 3 similar species of Parthenium in the U.S. (P. auriculatum Britt. being the third) into P. integrifolium and varieties. I tend to agree with this manner of thought.
Stems - To 90cm tall, from thick root, multiple from base, herbaceous, erect, branching above, scabrous, antrorse strigose (dense above in inflorescence).
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate to sessile, scabrous above and below, crenate-dentate to crenate-serrate, strigose. Lowest (basal) leaves with winged petiole, to +30cm long, +12cm broad. Cauline leaves becoming reduced above, sessile, clasping, somewhat auriculate, lanceolate.
Inflorescence - More or less flat-topped dense corymbiform arrangement of flower heads terminating stems. Peduncles densely pubescent (the hairs multicellular). Small bracts present at divisions of inflorescence and often subtending involucre.
Involucre - 4-5mm tall (long), 6-7mm broad. Phyllaries to 4mm long, 3mm broad, elliptic-orbicular, densely covered with multicellular pubescence.
Ray flowers - 5, fertile, pistillate. Ligule tubular, 1.5mm long. Style bifurcate, brownish-black at stigmas. Achenes black, obovate, 3mm long, lenticular.
Disk flowers - Corollas 5-lobed, 1.4mm long. Achenes(in flower) green, 1mm long, pubescent at apex, becoming black and 3mm long in fruit. Receptacle conic. Chaff with pubescence at the apex, 3.5mm long. Pappus of 2-3 short awns.
Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Rocky prairies, limestone glades, open woods, thickets.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species is common throughout nearly all of Missouri but is apparently absent from the extreme northwestern corner of the state. This is a fairly easy (see below) species to identify in the field because of its big clusters of flower heads and big scratchy leaves.
Another species, P. hispidum Raf., is similar but has hispid hairs on its stems and leaves. This species grows in the Ozark region of Missouri only.
Some authors group the 3 similar species of Parthenium in the U.S. (P. auriculatum Britt. being the third) into P. integrifolium and varieties. I tend to agree with this manner of thought.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Apiaceae
Stems - To 1m tall, glabrous to hirsute, branching, erect, herbaceous, from thickened roots.
Leaves - Alternate, ternate. Leaflets lobed to serrate, 1-5cm wide, 3-10cm long, pubescent to villous, ovate to lance-ovate.
Inflorescence - Compound umbels with typically +3 primary rays. Rays and umbellets subtended by recurved linear-lanceolate bracts. Bracts villous. Primary rays to -5cm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, subequal but typically one or two larger than the others, to 2mm long and broad, with apical tip curved adaxially. Margins of petal folded abaxially. Stamens 5, alternating with petals, spreading to erect. Filaments to -3mm long, white. Anthers .2mm long, pale-yellow. Styles +/- 2mm long in flower, equaling or longer than petals, spreading. Fruits lance-oblong in shape, +/- 10mm long, +/- 2mm wide near apex, tapering to base, black when mature. Styles in fruit 2-4mm long.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Moist ground in wooded areas, shaded slopes, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This licorice smelling plant can be found throughout Missouri. All parts of the plant exhibit a sweet fragrance but the roots and fruits are the best to chew on.
Steyermark lists three varieties in Missouri. Variety longistylis has stems which are glabrous to only very sparsely hairy. Variety brachyoma has very short(.5mm or less) hairs on the stems. Variety villicaulis has longer(.5-2mm) and more plentiful hairs on the stems.
There is another species of this genus in Missouri, O. claytoni. This species has styles which are a bit shorter and the plant is not scented. Good luck telling them apart.
Stems - To 1m tall, glabrous to hirsute, branching, erect, herbaceous, from thickened roots.
Leaves - Alternate, ternate. Leaflets lobed to serrate, 1-5cm wide, 3-10cm long, pubescent to villous, ovate to lance-ovate.
Inflorescence - Compound umbels with typically +3 primary rays. Rays and umbellets subtended by recurved linear-lanceolate bracts. Bracts villous. Primary rays to -5cm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, subequal but typically one or two larger than the others, to 2mm long and broad, with apical tip curved adaxially. Margins of petal folded abaxially. Stamens 5, alternating with petals, spreading to erect. Filaments to -3mm long, white. Anthers .2mm long, pale-yellow. Styles +/- 2mm long in flower, equaling or longer than petals, spreading. Fruits lance-oblong in shape, +/- 10mm long, +/- 2mm wide near apex, tapering to base, black when mature. Styles in fruit 2-4mm long.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Moist ground in wooded areas, shaded slopes, ravines.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This licorice smelling plant can be found throughout Missouri. All parts of the plant exhibit a sweet fragrance but the roots and fruits are the best to chew on.
Steyermark lists three varieties in Missouri. Variety longistylis has stems which are glabrous to only very sparsely hairy. Variety brachyoma has very short(.5mm or less) hairs on the stems. Variety villicaulis has longer(.5-2mm) and more plentiful hairs on the stems.
There is another species of this genus in Missouri, O. claytoni. This species has styles which are a bit shorter and the plant is not scented. Good luck telling them apart.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Orobanchaceae
Stems - Parasitic on roots of other vascular plants, herbaceous, achlorophyllous, subterranean, thin, glabrous.
Leaves - Alternate, few, reduced to scales, whitish-tan, 2-3mm long, glabrous, ovate.
Inflorescence - Solitary flower on axillary pedicel to 15cm long. Pedicel glandular pubescent, erect.
Flower - Corolla typically white, tubular, 2.2cm long, dense glandular pubescent, 5-lobed. Lobes to 6mm long, 4.5mm broad, with two yellow bearded strips alternating with two bottom lobes. Stamens 4, adnate at base of corolla tube, alternating with lobes. Filaments white, glabrous, to +4mm long. Anthers pale yellow, 1.1mm long. Style 7-8mm long, glabrous, tubular, expanded at apex. Stigma two lobed. Calyx tube campanulate, 5-lobed. Tube to 4mm long, 5-6mm in diameter, dense glandular pubescent. Lobes attenuate, to 5mm long, glandular pubescent.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Wooded slopes, rocky open woods, rocky glades, base of bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - I like the parasitic plants and this plant is no exception. It's a small plant but easy to find because of the fairly large white flower. The big tubular corolla with the yellow bearded strips is just screaming to be visited by a bee or small wasp. The stems are short and thin and rarely seen unless you dig a bit at the base of the pedicel.
Stems - Parasitic on roots of other vascular plants, herbaceous, achlorophyllous, subterranean, thin, glabrous.
Leaves - Alternate, few, reduced to scales, whitish-tan, 2-3mm long, glabrous, ovate.
Inflorescence - Solitary flower on axillary pedicel to 15cm long. Pedicel glandular pubescent, erect.
Flower - Corolla typically white, tubular, 2.2cm long, dense glandular pubescent, 5-lobed. Lobes to 6mm long, 4.5mm broad, with two yellow bearded strips alternating with two bottom lobes. Stamens 4, adnate at base of corolla tube, alternating with lobes. Filaments white, glabrous, to +4mm long. Anthers pale yellow, 1.1mm long. Style 7-8mm long, glabrous, tubular, expanded at apex. Stigma two lobed. Calyx tube campanulate, 5-lobed. Tube to 4mm long, 5-6mm in diameter, dense glandular pubescent. Lobes attenuate, to 5mm long, glandular pubescent.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Wooded slopes, rocky open woods, rocky glades, base of bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - I like the parasitic plants and this plant is no exception. It's a small plant but easy to find because of the fairly large white flower. The big tubular corolla with the yellow bearded strips is just screaming to be visited by a bee or small wasp. The stems are short and thin and rarely seen unless you dig a bit at the base of the pedicel.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - Bulbs. Aerial stem glabrous, 20-30cm tall, +/-4mm in diameter.
Leaves - Linear, grasslike, entire, basal, glabrous, +20cm long, 5-6mm broad, often involute, with a light green to whitish midrib.
Inflorescence - Raceme to +8cm tall. Pedicels glaucous, to +4cm long, 2mm in diameter. Single bracts at base of pedicels to 4cm long, scarious, 4mm broad at base, attenuate.
Flowers - Tepals 6, white above, white with green stripe below, glabrous, free, oblong to linear, 1.5cm long, 5mm broad. Stamens 6, erect, slightly exserted. Anthers flattened, 7mm long, 2mm broad at base, keeled, connivent around ovary. Anthers yellow, 2.5cm long, 1.2mm broad. Ovary superior, with 6 ridges, 3-locular, many seeded, placentation axile. Style 1, 2.5-3mm long, white, glabrous. Flowers highly nectariferous.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Cultivated and escaped into open fields, waste ground, parks, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - Like many of the lilies, this plant is toxic. Apparently it is quick to spread and hence easy to propagate. The individual flowers don't last long, only a couple of days, but the plant produces many flowers and is certainly striking.
Stems - Bulbs. Aerial stem glabrous, 20-30cm tall, +/-4mm in diameter.
Leaves - Linear, grasslike, entire, basal, glabrous, +20cm long, 5-6mm broad, often involute, with a light green to whitish midrib.
Inflorescence - Raceme to +8cm tall. Pedicels glaucous, to +4cm long, 2mm in diameter. Single bracts at base of pedicels to 4cm long, scarious, 4mm broad at base, attenuate.
Flowers - Tepals 6, white above, white with green stripe below, glabrous, free, oblong to linear, 1.5cm long, 5mm broad. Stamens 6, erect, slightly exserted. Anthers flattened, 7mm long, 2mm broad at base, keeled, connivent around ovary. Anthers yellow, 2.5cm long, 1.2mm broad. Ovary superior, with 6 ridges, 3-locular, many seeded, placentation axile. Style 1, 2.5-3mm long, white, glabrous. Flowers highly nectariferous.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Cultivated and escaped into open fields, waste ground, parks, open woods, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - Like many of the lilies, this plant is toxic. Apparently it is quick to spread and hence easy to propagate. The individual flowers don't last long, only a couple of days, but the plant produces many flowers and is certainly striking.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - From bulbs. Aerial stems to +40cm long (tall), erect, herbaceous, terete, green, glabrous, simple, single from the base.
Leaves - Mostly near the base of the plant and in a rosette, glabrous, flat but typically somewhat folded, green, to +45cm long, +1cm broad, linear and grass-like, succulent, with parallel veins.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme. Pedicels to +1cm long in flower, glabrous, ascending in bud, nodding in flower. Each pedicel subtended by a scarious attenuate bract. Bracts brownish, glabrous, to -4cm long, 1cm broad at the base.
Flowers - Tepals 6, spreading. glabrous, +/-3cm long, +/-8mm broad, white with a green midstripe, acute, oblong-lanceolate, distinct. Stamens 6, erect, connivent around the style. Filaments compressed, white, to 1.5cm long, 3-4mm long. Some (3) of the filaments expanded beyond the anthers with two erect appendages. Anthers pale yellow to white, to +5mm long, 2mm broad. Ovary dark green, glabrous, ovoid, 3-ribbed, 5mm long in flower, 3mm in diameter, 3-locular, placentation axile, ovules many. Style white, 7-8mm long, glabrous, with 2 vertical grooves.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Cultivated and rarely escaped. Persistent around old homesites.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This attractive species is commonly cultivated throughout Missouri and is rarely escaped. It is not nearly as common as the closely related O. umbellatum L. which is escaped nearly throughout the state.
The genus Ornithogalum is toxic and contains many alkaloids.
Stems - From bulbs. Aerial stems to +40cm long (tall), erect, herbaceous, terete, green, glabrous, simple, single from the base.
Leaves - Mostly near the base of the plant and in a rosette, glabrous, flat but typically somewhat folded, green, to +45cm long, +1cm broad, linear and grass-like, succulent, with parallel veins.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme. Pedicels to +1cm long in flower, glabrous, ascending in bud, nodding in flower. Each pedicel subtended by a scarious attenuate bract. Bracts brownish, glabrous, to -4cm long, 1cm broad at the base.
Flowers - Tepals 6, spreading. glabrous, +/-3cm long, +/-8mm broad, white with a green midstripe, acute, oblong-lanceolate, distinct. Stamens 6, erect, connivent around the style. Filaments compressed, white, to 1.5cm long, 3-4mm long. Some (3) of the filaments expanded beyond the anthers with two erect appendages. Anthers pale yellow to white, to +5mm long, 2mm broad. Ovary dark green, glabrous, ovoid, 3-ribbed, 5mm long in flower, 3mm in diameter, 3-locular, placentation axile, ovules many. Style white, 7-8mm long, glabrous, with 2 vertical grooves.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Cultivated and rarely escaped. Persistent around old homesites.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This attractive species is commonly cultivated throughout Missouri and is rarely escaped. It is not nearly as common as the closely related O. umbellatum L. which is escaped nearly throughout the state.
The genus Ornithogalum is toxic and contains many alkaloids.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Orchidaceae
Stems - Flowering stem to +/-15cm tall, from rhizomes and thick roots, glabrous, simple, herbaceous, erect.
Leaves - Basal, typically 2, elliptic to spatulate or obovate, entire, subsucculent, glabrous, shiny green, tapering to base, rounded at apex, to +7cm broad, +15cm long, sheathing at base. Leaves of flowering stem reduced to foliaceous bracts, lance-oblong, to +4cm long, 2cm broad, entire, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme with +/-5 flowers. Each flower subtended by single foliaceous bract. Bracts sessile.
Flowers - Corolla white to pink and white, to +3cm long, resupinate. Sepals to +1.5cm long, 5mm broad, lanceolate, typically pink but also white, glabrous, forming a hood around the column. Lateral petals linear, to 1.5cm long, 4mm broad, forming hood with sepals. "Lower" petal (lip) to +1.5cm long, +1.2cm broad, (sub)acute at apex, white, glabrous, ovate, with undulate margins, spurred. Spur to +1.5cm long, expanded slightly at apex (clavate). Column to 8mm long, whitish. Stamen 1. Ovary inferior. Capsules to 2cm long, erect, many seeded.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Ravines, rich and low woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking little plant is common throughout Missouri but is often not seen by the casual observer because it grows in deep woods and ravines. The flowers are typically white and pink but can be all white also. The flowers are also resupinate so what looks like the top of the flower is actually the bottom and vice versa. The big lip of the corolla is a perfect landing platform for flying insects, the plants main pollinators.
A common synonym is Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf.
Stems - Flowering stem to +/-15cm tall, from rhizomes and thick roots, glabrous, simple, herbaceous, erect.
Leaves - Basal, typically 2, elliptic to spatulate or obovate, entire, subsucculent, glabrous, shiny green, tapering to base, rounded at apex, to +7cm broad, +15cm long, sheathing at base. Leaves of flowering stem reduced to foliaceous bracts, lance-oblong, to +4cm long, 2cm broad, entire, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme with +/-5 flowers. Each flower subtended by single foliaceous bract. Bracts sessile.
Flowers - Corolla white to pink and white, to +3cm long, resupinate. Sepals to +1.5cm long, 5mm broad, lanceolate, typically pink but also white, glabrous, forming a hood around the column. Lateral petals linear, to 1.5cm long, 4mm broad, forming hood with sepals. "Lower" petal (lip) to +1.5cm long, +1.2cm broad, (sub)acute at apex, white, glabrous, ovate, with undulate margins, spurred. Spur to +1.5cm long, expanded slightly at apex (clavate). Column to 8mm long, whitish. Stamen 1. Ovary inferior. Capsules to 2cm long, erect, many seeded.
Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Ravines, rich and low woods.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This striking little plant is common throughout Missouri but is often not seen by the casual observer because it grows in deep woods and ravines. The flowers are typically white and pink but can be all white also. The flowers are also resupinate so what looks like the top of the flower is actually the bottom and vice versa. The big lip of the corolla is a perfect landing platform for flying insects, the plants main pollinators.
A common synonym is Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Onagraceae
Stems - To 50cm tall but reclining or prostrate in habit, with appressed hairiness in upper portions, glabrescent to sparsely hairy below.
Leaves - Alternate, linear, narrowly-oblong to oblong. Can be very narrow in upper portions of stems but wider below.
Inflorescence - Solitary flower from leaf axils but usually in a spikelike fashion near end of stem.
Flowers - Corolla white, petals 4, 2-3.5 cm long, distinct. Ovary inferior. Stigma 4 parted. Calyx tube 1-2cm long.
Fruit - Capsule +/- 4mm thick, slightly winged with wings 1mm or so broad. Many seeded.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Prairies, railroads, open woods.
Origin - Native to Southwest U.S., introduced into Missouri.
Other info. - This plant grew from a seed mixture which was sown to restore a natural prairie in Kansas City. I have not seen it elsewhere outside of cultivation.
Stems - To 50cm tall but reclining or prostrate in habit, with appressed hairiness in upper portions, glabrescent to sparsely hairy below.
Leaves - Alternate, linear, narrowly-oblong to oblong. Can be very narrow in upper portions of stems but wider below.
Inflorescence - Solitary flower from leaf axils but usually in a spikelike fashion near end of stem.
Flowers - Corolla white, petals 4, 2-3.5 cm long, distinct. Ovary inferior. Stigma 4 parted. Calyx tube 1-2cm long.
Fruit - Capsule +/- 4mm thick, slightly winged with wings 1mm or so broad. Many seeded.
Flowering - May - June.
Habitat - Prairies, railroads, open woods.
Origin - Native to Southwest U.S., introduced into Missouri.
Other info. - This plant grew from a seed mixture which was sown to restore a natural prairie in Kansas City. I have not seen it elsewhere outside of cultivation.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - From bulb. Aerial stems to +25cm tall, 2-3mm in diameter, glabrous, hollow.
Leaves - Basal, linear, glabrous, to +15cm long, 3-4mm broad.
Inflorescence - Umbels of +/-8 flowers terminating aerial stems, subtended by scarious bracts.
Flowers - Tepals 6, greenish at base, fading to white at apex, free, to 1cm long, 3.5mm broad, glabrous, oblong. Stamens 6, borne at base of tepals. Filaments to 4mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 3mm long, 1mm broad. Style 1, glabrous, 4mm long. Ovary superior, glabrous, with 3 locules, many seeded.
Flowering - March - May and perhaps again in early fall.
Habitat - Open fields, prairies, glades, streambanks, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a tiny yet unmistakable lily. It resembles other small lilies such as garlic but has no garlic scent to it and hence acquires the common name "False garlic." It is common throughout most of the state below the Missouri river but does grow in some counties north of the river also.
Stems - From bulb. Aerial stems to +25cm tall, 2-3mm in diameter, glabrous, hollow.
Leaves - Basal, linear, glabrous, to +15cm long, 3-4mm broad.
Inflorescence - Umbels of +/-8 flowers terminating aerial stems, subtended by scarious bracts.
Flowers - Tepals 6, greenish at base, fading to white at apex, free, to 1cm long, 3.5mm broad, glabrous, oblong. Stamens 6, borne at base of tepals. Filaments to 4mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 3mm long, 1mm broad. Style 1, glabrous, 4mm long. Ovary superior, glabrous, with 3 locules, many seeded.
Flowering - March - May and perhaps again in early fall.
Habitat - Open fields, prairies, glades, streambanks, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This is a tiny yet unmistakable lily. It resembles other small lilies such as garlic but has no garlic scent to it and hence acquires the common name "False garlic." It is common throughout most of the state below the Missouri river but does grow in some counties north of the river also.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Brassicaceae
Stems - To +60cm long(tall), erect to ascending or creeping, from taproot and fibrous roots (often rooting at nodes), herbaceous, glabrous, fistulose.
Leaves - Alternate, odd-pinnate, petiolate, to +15cm long, glabrous. Petiole partially clasping the stem. Leaflets 3-11, opposite to subopposite, sessile, oblique at base, ovate-lanceolate, often emarginate at apex, to +2cm long, +1cm broad, entire to irregularly shallow crenate.
Inflorescence - Compact terminal racemes, quickly elongating in fruit to +20cm long. Pedicels glabrous, 2-7mm long in flower, elongating in fruit.
Flowers - Petals 4, free, white, clawed, glabrous. Claw to 2mm long. Limb rounded at apex, 3mm long, 2mm broad. Stamens 6, with 4 long and 2 short. Shorter staens opposite and outside of longer stamens. Filaments purplish, glabrous, 3.5mm long. Anthers yellow. Ovary terete, purplish-green, 2.5mm long, glabrous. Style very short or wanting, persistent in fruit as beak. Stigma 2-lobed, capitate. Sepals 4, free, glabrous or with a few minute strigose hairs at apex, 3mm long, 1.2mm broad, often with revolute margins. Siliques to +1.5cm long, terete, glabrous, many-seeded.
Flowering - April - October.
Habitat - In water and on wet ground.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - Nasturtium is a fairly common plant throughout the southern half of Missouri but is also found in a few counties north of the Missouri River.
Another species, N. microphyllum (Boenn.) Reichb. is found in the U.S.(not yet in Missouri) and is native to Europe. This species has long slender fruits to +2.5cm.
N. officinaleis an edible plant and was used by Indians to cure many ailments. You should be sure the plant is growing in clean water or on clean soil before you harvest it for food.
When growing in water the plant forms many roots from its nodes and forms large mats as shown above. On land, the plant is a bit more ragged and thin:
Stems - To +60cm long(tall), erect to ascending or creeping, from taproot and fibrous roots (often rooting at nodes), herbaceous, glabrous, fistulose.
Leaves - Alternate, odd-pinnate, petiolate, to +15cm long, glabrous. Petiole partially clasping the stem. Leaflets 3-11, opposite to subopposite, sessile, oblique at base, ovate-lanceolate, often emarginate at apex, to +2cm long, +1cm broad, entire to irregularly shallow crenate.
Inflorescence - Compact terminal racemes, quickly elongating in fruit to +20cm long. Pedicels glabrous, 2-7mm long in flower, elongating in fruit.
Flowers - Petals 4, free, white, clawed, glabrous. Claw to 2mm long. Limb rounded at apex, 3mm long, 2mm broad. Stamens 6, with 4 long and 2 short. Shorter staens opposite and outside of longer stamens. Filaments purplish, glabrous, 3.5mm long. Anthers yellow. Ovary terete, purplish-green, 2.5mm long, glabrous. Style very short or wanting, persistent in fruit as beak. Stigma 2-lobed, capitate. Sepals 4, free, glabrous or with a few minute strigose hairs at apex, 3mm long, 1.2mm broad, often with revolute margins. Siliques to +1.5cm long, terete, glabrous, many-seeded.
Flowering - April - October.
Habitat - In water and on wet ground.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - Nasturtium is a fairly common plant throughout the southern half of Missouri but is also found in a few counties north of the Missouri River.
Another species, N. microphyllum (Boenn.) Reichb. is found in the U.S.(not yet in Missouri) and is native to Europe. This species has long slender fruits to +2.5cm.
N. officinaleis an edible plant and was used by Indians to cure many ailments. You should be sure the plant is growing in clean water or on clean soil before you harvest it for food.
When growing in water the plant forms many roots from its nodes and forms large mats as shown above. On land, the plant is a bit more ragged and thin:
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Liliaceae
Stems - From bulb. Aerial stems to +40cm tall, glabrous.
Leaves - Basal, linear, -1cm broad, +50cm long, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Typically single flower terminating aerial stem, nodding.
Flowers - Tepals 6, fused at base forming green floral tube to 3cm long, 5mm in diameter. Showy portions (lobes) of perianth 2.6cm broad, +3cm long, truncate or obtuse at apex with small mucronate projection, glabrous, white. Corona (floral cup) fringed with red, yellow below, 1.3cm in diameter, margin crisped, 2-4mm long. Stamens 6, borne near opening of perianth tube. Style 1, 3cm long, glabrous. Ovary inferior, +/-1.8cm long, +/-1cm broad, glabrous, with 3 locules, many seeded, placentation axile.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Cultivated but escaped to fields, disturbed sites, open woods, roadsides.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This species is not nearly as common as its relative N. pseudonarcissus L., the Daffodil, but it is still fairly common and found in many areas throughout the state. The floral cup - corona - is much smaller than in N. pseudonarcissus and the perianth lobes are white instead of the typical yellow of N. pseudonarcissus.
Stems - From bulb. Aerial stems to +40cm tall, glabrous.
Leaves - Basal, linear, -1cm broad, +50cm long, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Typically single flower terminating aerial stem, nodding.
Flowers - Tepals 6, fused at base forming green floral tube to 3cm long, 5mm in diameter. Showy portions (lobes) of perianth 2.6cm broad, +3cm long, truncate or obtuse at apex with small mucronate projection, glabrous, white. Corona (floral cup) fringed with red, yellow below, 1.3cm in diameter, margin crisped, 2-4mm long. Stamens 6, borne near opening of perianth tube. Style 1, 3cm long, glabrous. Ovary inferior, +/-1.8cm long, +/-1cm broad, glabrous, with 3 locules, many seeded, placentation axile.
Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Cultivated but escaped to fields, disturbed sites, open woods, roadsides.
Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This species is not nearly as common as its relative N. pseudonarcissus L., the Daffodil, but it is still fairly common and found in many areas throughout the state. The floral cup - corona - is much smaller than in N. pseudonarcissus and the perianth lobes are white instead of the typical yellow of N. pseudonarcissus.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Boraginaceae
Stems - From a taproot and fibrous roots, multiple from the base, erect, herbaceous, green, hirsute, slightly angled from decurrent leaf tissue, to 50cm tall (in fruit), branching.
Leaves - Alternate. Basal leaves spatulate, to +/-6cm long, -2cm broad. Cauline leaves sessile, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, to 6cm long, 1.5cm broad. All leaves entire, hirsute, acute to rounded at the apex, green, with a single distinct midrib. Faint lateral venation anastomosing before the leaf margin.
Inflorescence - Terminal and lateral scorpoid racemes or cymes, compact in flower, very elongated in fruit. Pedicels short in flower, elongating to 3-4mm long in fruit, lanate. Axis of inflorescence lanate.
Flowers - Corolla white, funnelform, glabrous, slightly zygomorphic, 3mm broad, 3mm long, 5-lobed. Longest lobes to 1.2mm long, 1mm broad, truncate at apex. Fornices small, included in the throat of the corolla. Stamens 5, adnate above the base of the corolla tube. Filaments minute, -.1mm long. Anthers brownish, .5mm long. Ovary 4-lobed, subtended by a green nectary. Lobes green, glabrous, lenticular, to .3mm in diameter, with a slightly winged margin, expanding to +2mm in diameter in fruit. Style exserted from between ovary lobes, green, .7mm long, glabrous, included. Stigma bilobed. Calyx accrescent, densely uncinate pubescent (hirsute) externally, glabrous internally, 5-lobed, zygomorphic. Lobes attenuate, the longest to 2mm in flower (longer in fruit). Calyx tube to 2mm long in flower, longer in fruit.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Fallow and cultivated fields, moist to dry woods, slopes, bottoms, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant can be identified by its small white flowers, hirsute stems, and elongated inflorescences (in fruit).
Steyermark listed this species as a variety of M. virginica (L.) BSP. More modern taxonomy lumps M. virginica and M. macrosperma into the same species, M. verna Nutt. Regardless of what you call the plant, its annoying fruits will stick to your clothes and hair and are a chore to remove.
Stems - From a taproot and fibrous roots, multiple from the base, erect, herbaceous, green, hirsute, slightly angled from decurrent leaf tissue, to 50cm tall (in fruit), branching.
Leaves - Alternate. Basal leaves spatulate, to +/-6cm long, -2cm broad. Cauline leaves sessile, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, to 6cm long, 1.5cm broad. All leaves entire, hirsute, acute to rounded at the apex, green, with a single distinct midrib. Faint lateral venation anastomosing before the leaf margin.
Inflorescence - Terminal and lateral scorpoid racemes or cymes, compact in flower, very elongated in fruit. Pedicels short in flower, elongating to 3-4mm long in fruit, lanate. Axis of inflorescence lanate.
Flowers - Corolla white, funnelform, glabrous, slightly zygomorphic, 3mm broad, 3mm long, 5-lobed. Longest lobes to 1.2mm long, 1mm broad, truncate at apex. Fornices small, included in the throat of the corolla. Stamens 5, adnate above the base of the corolla tube. Filaments minute, -.1mm long. Anthers brownish, .5mm long. Ovary 4-lobed, subtended by a green nectary. Lobes green, glabrous, lenticular, to .3mm in diameter, with a slightly winged margin, expanding to +2mm in diameter in fruit. Style exserted from between ovary lobes, green, .7mm long, glabrous, included. Stigma bilobed. Calyx accrescent, densely uncinate pubescent (hirsute) externally, glabrous internally, 5-lobed, zygomorphic. Lobes attenuate, the longest to 2mm in flower (longer in fruit). Calyx tube to 2mm long in flower, longer in fruit.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Fallow and cultivated fields, moist to dry woods, slopes, bottoms, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant can be identified by its small white flowers, hirsute stems, and elongated inflorescences (in fruit).
Steyermark listed this species as a variety of M. virginica (L.) BSP. More modern taxonomy lumps M. virginica and M. macrosperma into the same species, M. verna Nutt. Regardless of what you call the plant, its annoying fruits will stick to your clothes and hair and are a chore to remove.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Menispermaceae
Stems - Thin, twining, woody below, dark maroon in color, young portions with some hair but becoming glabrous (glabrescent). No tendrils.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, peltate (look from below to see), with 3-7 broad, shallow lobes, margins entire, upper surface glabrous, lower surface silvery-green with some pubescence.
Inflorescence - Pendant clusters of 40 or so flowers from leaf axils. Staminate and pistillate clusters separate on same plant.
Flowers - Petals 4-8, 2-3mm long, whitish, ovate, glabrous. Stamens numerous(+15).Filaments white, glabrous, -4mm long. Anthers yellow, -1mm long.
Fruits - Drupes, indigo-black in color, somewhat glaucous, 6-7mm in diameter.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Moist woods, thickets, fence rows.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Although the plant and fruits may loosely resemble grapes, they should not be eaten as they are mildly toxic. The plant can climb to around 7m or so.
Stems - Thin, twining, woody below, dark maroon in color, young portions with some hair but becoming glabrous (glabrescent). No tendrils.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, peltate (look from below to see), with 3-7 broad, shallow lobes, margins entire, upper surface glabrous, lower surface silvery-green with some pubescence.
Inflorescence - Pendant clusters of 40 or so flowers from leaf axils. Staminate and pistillate clusters separate on same plant.
Flowers - Petals 4-8, 2-3mm long, whitish, ovate, glabrous. Stamens numerous(+15).Filaments white, glabrous, -4mm long. Anthers yellow, -1mm long.
Fruits - Drupes, indigo-black in color, somewhat glaucous, 6-7mm in diameter.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Moist woods, thickets, fence rows.
Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Although the plant and fruits may loosely resemble grapes, they should not be eaten as they are mildly toxic. The plant can climb to around 7m or so.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Fabaceae
Stems - To +2m tall, herbaceous, erect, branching, typically single from base, glabrous or with a few sparse hairs.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, stipulate. Stipules linear-attenuate, 4-5mm long, -1mm broad, glabrous. Petioles to +/-1cm long, glabrous or with a few sparse hairs, with an adaxial groove. Petiolules to 2mm long on lateral leaflets and 5-6mm long on terminal leaflet. Leaflets subequal (the terminal slightly larger), oblong to oblong-oblanceolate, serrate-dentate, glabrous, to +/-3cm long, +/-1cm broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate racemes to +/-8cm long(tall) in flower, longer in fruit. Axis sparsely pubescent. Each pedicel subtended by a linear-attenuate bract to 1mm long. Pedicels to 1.1mm long, mostly glabrous.
Flowers - Corolla white, papilionaceous, glabrous. Standard to 4mm long. The keel petals apically connate. The wing petals basally adnate to the keels, with basal auricles to .5mm long. Stamens diadelphous, white, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .2mm long. Style glabrous, +/-2mm long. Ovary green, glabrous, 1.1mm long. Fruits to 4-5mm long, inflated, with a short beak, glabrous, green. Calyx weakly bilabiate. Calyx tube green, to 1mm long, sparsely pubescent to glabrous. The upper lip 2-lobed. Lobes triangular-acuminate, 1mm long. The lower lip 3-lobed. The lobes slightly larger to equaling those of the upper lip.Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Disturbed sites, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This plant is extremely common and is very invasive. It was and is used for fodder because if its protein content. The plant has an undesirable smell (at least to me) when crushed or cut. Many people have reported headaches after being exposed to the smell of the freshly cut plants for too long. Some people become noxious from the smell. Plants from the genus Melilotus contain coumarins, which are used to make rat poisons.
This plant is very similar to M. officinalis but that species starts blooming a few weeks to a month earlier and has yellow flowers.
Stems - To +2m tall, herbaceous, erect, branching, typically single from base, glabrous or with a few sparse hairs.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, stipulate. Stipules linear-attenuate, 4-5mm long, -1mm broad, glabrous. Petioles to +/-1cm long, glabrous or with a few sparse hairs, with an adaxial groove. Petiolules to 2mm long on lateral leaflets and 5-6mm long on terminal leaflet. Leaflets subequal (the terminal slightly larger), oblong to oblong-oblanceolate, serrate-dentate, glabrous, to +/-3cm long, +/-1cm broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate racemes to +/-8cm long(tall) in flower, longer in fruit. Axis sparsely pubescent. Each pedicel subtended by a linear-attenuate bract to 1mm long. Pedicels to 1.1mm long, mostly glabrous.
Flowers - Corolla white, papilionaceous, glabrous. Standard to 4mm long. The keel petals apically connate. The wing petals basally adnate to the keels, with basal auricles to .5mm long. Stamens diadelphous, white, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .2mm long. Style glabrous, +/-2mm long. Ovary green, glabrous, 1.1mm long. Fruits to 4-5mm long, inflated, with a short beak, glabrous, green. Calyx weakly bilabiate. Calyx tube green, to 1mm long, sparsely pubescent to glabrous. The upper lip 2-lobed. Lobes triangular-acuminate, 1mm long. The lower lip 3-lobed. The lobes slightly larger to equaling those of the upper lip.Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Disturbed sites, waste ground, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - This plant is extremely common and is very invasive. It was and is used for fodder because if its protein content. The plant has an undesirable smell (at least to me) when crushed or cut. Many people have reported headaches after being exposed to the smell of the freshly cut plants for too long. Some people become noxious from the smell. Plants from the genus Melilotus contain coumarins, which are used to make rat poisons.
This plant is very similar to M. officinalis but that species starts blooming a few weeks to a month earlier and has yellow flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Magnoliaceae
Stems - Woody, from taproot. A tree to +12m but typically smaller in our area, with single trunk or few smaller trunks, to +/-40cm in diameter. Branches glabrous, lower branches spreading at almost 90 degrees to main stem.
Leaves - Alternate, mostly near apex of branches, petiolate, deciduous, larger than any other native U.S. tree. Petiole to -15cm, pubescent, thick. Blade to 75cm long, 35cm broad, glaucous (especially below), glabrous above, pubescent below, entire, obovate, blunt to subacute at apex, with two rounded auricles at base.
Inflorescence - Single terminal flower on short peduncle.
Flower - To +/-25cm broad, +/-15cm tall, with six petals, fragrant. Petals in two ranks. Inner rank slightly larger than outer, to +/-15cm long, +/-7cm broad, glabrous, with purple blotch base. Stamens many, densely whorled around receptacle. Filaments curved, to +1.2cm long, yellow-tan, glabrous, falling easily and early. Anthers yellow-tan, 2-3mm long. Carpels many at apex of receptacle, pubescent, yellow-tan with purplish tips. Apex of carpels slightly spreading. Sepals 3, typically falling early, smaller and more broad than petals, greenish, with tips recurved, glabrous internally, glabrous to pubescent externally. Flowers larger than any other native U.S. species.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Cultivated in our area but prefers moist shaded area.
Origin - Native to southeast U.S.
Other info. - This is a fine plant. The big leaves and flowers make it a very desirable ornamental. The tree is planted throughout the eastern U.S. as far north as New England but is native only to small portions of Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, and the Carolinas. The species name means "big leaf". The members of the Magnoliaceae are the most primitive of the flowering plants.
Stems - Woody, from taproot. A tree to +12m but typically smaller in our area, with single trunk or few smaller trunks, to +/-40cm in diameter. Branches glabrous, lower branches spreading at almost 90 degrees to main stem.
Leaves - Alternate, mostly near apex of branches, petiolate, deciduous, larger than any other native U.S. tree. Petiole to -15cm, pubescent, thick. Blade to 75cm long, 35cm broad, glaucous (especially below), glabrous above, pubescent below, entire, obovate, blunt to subacute at apex, with two rounded auricles at base.
Inflorescence - Single terminal flower on short peduncle.
Flower - To +/-25cm broad, +/-15cm tall, with six petals, fragrant. Petals in two ranks. Inner rank slightly larger than outer, to +/-15cm long, +/-7cm broad, glabrous, with purple blotch base. Stamens many, densely whorled around receptacle. Filaments curved, to +1.2cm long, yellow-tan, glabrous, falling easily and early. Anthers yellow-tan, 2-3mm long. Carpels many at apex of receptacle, pubescent, yellow-tan with purplish tips. Apex of carpels slightly spreading. Sepals 3, typically falling early, smaller and more broad than petals, greenish, with tips recurved, glabrous internally, glabrous to pubescent externally. Flowers larger than any other native U.S. species.
Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Cultivated in our area but prefers moist shaded area.
Origin - Native to southeast U.S.
Other info. - This is a fine plant. The big leaves and flowers make it a very desirable ornamental. The tree is planted throughout the eastern U.S. as far north as New England but is native only to small portions of Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, and the Carolinas. The species name means "big leaf". The members of the Magnoliaceae are the most primitive of the flowering plants.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Family - Primulaceae
Stems - To +/-80cm tall, erect, herbaceous, glandular pubescent above, red at nodes, typically simple, single or multiple from base, rhizomatous.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Blade lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, entire, cuneate at base, glabrous, to +15cm long, +3cm broad, rugose above (less so below).
Inflorescence - Dense terminal indeterminate raceme to +/-20cm long, +/-4cm in diameter. Raceme typically nodding to horizontal with apex upcurved to horizontal. Pedicels to 6mm long, each subtended by one linear-attenuate bract. Bracts to 1cm long. Bracts and pedicels glandular pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla white, 5-lobed. Corolla tube to 3mm long, purplish at base internally, glandular pubescent at apex. Lobes to 6mm long, 3.5mm broad, rounded to subacute, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate at apex of corolla tube, opposite the corolla lobes, erect. Filaments glandular pubescent, 1.2mm long, light purple near apex. Anthers .9mm long, whitish to brownish. Style -1mm long. Stigma 2-lobed, dark green. Ovary green, superior, 1mm long, glabrous, unilocular, ovules many. Calyx tube to 1.5mm long, 5-lobed, glandular pubescent. Lobes to 2mm long, erect, glandular pubescent.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This attractive perennial is commonly cultivated in Missouri. Unfortunately, it is quite aggressive and care should be taken to ensure it does not escape cultivation. The plant can form large colonies in a single growing season. It prefers rich soil and full sun.
Stems - To +/-80cm tall, erect, herbaceous, glandular pubescent above, red at nodes, typically simple, single or multiple from base, rhizomatous.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Blade lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, entire, cuneate at base, glabrous, to +15cm long, +3cm broad, rugose above (less so below).
Inflorescence - Dense terminal indeterminate raceme to +/-20cm long, +/-4cm in diameter. Raceme typically nodding to horizontal with apex upcurved to horizontal. Pedicels to 6mm long, each subtended by one linear-attenuate bract. Bracts to 1cm long. Bracts and pedicels glandular pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla white, 5-lobed. Corolla tube to 3mm long, purplish at base internally, glandular pubescent at apex. Lobes to 6mm long, 3.5mm broad, rounded to subacute, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate at apex of corolla tube, opposite the corolla lobes, erect. Filaments glandular pubescent, 1.2mm long, light purple near apex. Anthers .9mm long, whitish to brownish. Style -1mm long. Stigma 2-lobed, dark green. Ovary green, superior, 1mm long, glabrous, unilocular, ovules many. Calyx tube to 1.5mm long, 5-lobed, glandular pubescent. Lobes to 2mm long, erect, glandular pubescent.
Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Cultivated.
Origin - Native to Asia.
Other info. - This attractive perennial is commonly cultivated in Missouri. Unfortunately, it is quite aggressive and care should be taken to ensure it does not escape cultivation. The plant can form large colonies in a single growing season. It prefers rich soil and full sun.
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