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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Fabaceae Stems - To +/-1.5m tall, multiple from base, erect, fistulose, herbaceous, much branched, striate-nerved, glabrous or with a few sparse hairs on ridges above, green when young, becoming dark brown with age (mostly at the base).
Leaves - Alternate, bipinnately compound, stipulate, to 10cm long, 6-7cm broad. Stipules filiform, 5mm long. Typically 6-15 pinnae per leaf, with even number of leaflets on pinna. Small glands often at base of pinnae. Leaflets 3.5mm long, 1.5mm broad, oblique at base, linear-oblong, rounded at apex, glabrous, with strigillose margins.
Inflorescence - Axillary globose pedunculate cluster of many flowers. Peduncle to +/-4cm in flower, elongating in fruit, antrorse strigose. Flowers - Petals 5, white, to 2mm long, glabrous. Calyx tube white, 1.1mm long, 5-lobed, glabrous. Lobes 1.1mm long, glabrous, acute. Stamens 5, white, glabrous, 5mm long, well exserted. Anthers yellow, .2-.3mm in diameter. Ovary 1mm long, greenish-white, glabrous. Style 4mm long, white, glabrous, well exserted. Fruits clusters of compressed, sickle-shaped (falcate) pod to +/-2cm long, 4-5mm broad, green when fresh, becoming dark brown at maturity, with +/-6 seeds.
Flowering - June - August. Habitat - Roadsides, railroads, open slopes, pastures, prairies. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found throughout much of Missouri but seems to be absent from the northeast corner of the state as well as the central Ozark region. The plant can be identified by its small, globose clusters of many flowers and its bipinnate leaves. If you live in extreme Southwestern Missouri you might mistake this plant for Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Ktze., except for that the latter has many more stamens per flower giving the flowers clusters a much more dense look. A. angustissima also has very dark reddish-brown, woody stems and no glands on the leaf petioles. Desmanthus is nutritionally very important, being high in protein and fatty acids.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - To +20cm tall, erect, herbaceous, glabrous or pubescent in upper portions, from thick rhizomes.
Leaves - Two or three per plant, alternate, 3-5 palmately lobed, variable. Lobes linear-lanceolate, coarsely toothed (laciniate) to entire, glabrous, 6cm long, 1cm broad. Teeth of lobes mucronate (minutely). Petioles glabrous to pubescent.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, compact early but quickly elongating, axis short hirsute, pedicels +/-1cm, elongated in fruit, pubescent to glabrous. Flowers - Petals 4, whitish with a hint of pink, 5mm broad, 1.6cm long, ligulate, glabrous, rounded at the apex, attenuate at the base. Stamens 6, filaments 8mm long, anthers yellow. Style erect, 7mm long. Ovary terete, longer than broad. Stigma globose. Sepals 4, oblong, brownish-green with lighter margins, entire, glabrous, to 3mm long. Fruits terete, 2-5cm long, +/-2mm in diameter, glabrous.
Flowering - March - May. Habitat - Low woods, slopes, ravines. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is an interesting little member of the Brassicaceae which is found in woodland habitats. It is a characteristic spring woodland plant in Missouri. The flowers are larger than those of most genera in the same family. This species is highly variable, especially the leaves. The large flowers and 3-5-lobed leaves are the characteristics to look for when trying to ID this plant. The genus name comes from the Latin "dens" which means "tooth", not for the toothed leaves, but rather for the scales of the rhizomes and roots. A synonym is Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) O. Schwarz.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Ranunculaceae Stems - To +70cm tall, erect, typically simple, herbaceous, pubescent to pannose or glandular pubescent, from fibrous roots and a small caudex. Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below to sessile above. Petioles to +/-7cm long, pubescent. Blades 3-lobed, to +5cm long and broad. Each lobed divided again. Ultimate divisions linear to linear-oblong, 2mm broad, pubescent, entire.
Inflorescence - Terminal spikiform raceme to +30cm tall(long). Pedicels to 1.3cm long in flower, elongating in fruit to -3cm long, densely pubescent to densely pannose, often with pair of small subopposite bracts in upper 1/4. Each pedicel subtended by an attenuate bract to 1.5cm long, 2mm broad at base, reduced above.
Flowers - Sepals white to pale lilac. Upper sepals spurred. The spur to 1.8cm long, dense pubescent to pannose. All sepals pubescent to pannose externally, with brownish spot near apex. Petals 4. The upper two petals spurred, white to pale lilac, darker near base of spur. Lateral petals bearded. Stamens many(+/-20). Filaments flattened and broad at base, lilac below to whitish, 6-7mm long, glabrous. Anthers purple to brownish, 1.2mm long. Carpels 3, pubescent. Fruits erect, pubescent to pannose, 2cm long, terete. Seeds many(+10), with scaly projections to 3mm long.
Flowering - May - July. Habitat - Prairies, rocky open woods, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - Although I have this plant listed as a separate species, following what Steyermark had in his book in 1963, the plant is now considered to be a subspecies of Delphinium carolinianum. The correct name is now D. carolinianum ssp virescens. This subspecies has white flowers, whereas D. carolinianum ssp carolinianum has blue flowers. Where the two subspecies overlap in range they integrade. The resulting plants can have light blue flowers as shown below:
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Apiaceae Stems - To 1m tall, erect, from large taproot, dense spreading to retrorse hispid, herbaceous, branching, single from base.
Leaves - Alternate, glabrous, bipinnately divided. Leaflets pinnatifid, mucronate, with spine less than .5mm long. Lowest leaves long petiolate. Upper leaves short petiolate to subsessile. Inflorescence - A compound umbel terminating stem, to +12cm wide. Inflorescence subtended by pinnately divided threadlike bracts forming an involucre. Primary rays +20, to +7cm long. Umbellets with +20 flowers. Flowers - Corolla to +/-3mm broad. Petals 5, unequal, glabrous, white to purple. Largest petal often cleft or divided. Stamens 5, falling early. Fruit to 4mm long, 2mm broad, with dense straight or uncinate bristles.
Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Roadsides, railroads, waste ground, open fields. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - My friend Hope once said, "Queen Anne's Lace is to the carrot as Asian jungle fowl is to the chicken." Indeed, Daucus carota is the wild form of the cultivated carrot. It is also a serious weed in Missouri. As the compound umbel matures it folds in on itself trapping all the spined fruits until some animal brushes the plant and is covered with the seeds.
Steyermark lists three forms of the plant. Form roseus has pink, rose, or purplish flowers. Form carota (pictured above) has white flowers with the central most flower of the umbel being dark purple. Form epurpuratus has all white flowers, none purple, as the name suggests.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Cuscutaceae Stems - Typically greenish-yellow to orange, thin, herbaceous, twining, glabrous, typically achlorophyllous or with sparse chlorophyll, attaching to host with haustoria.
Leaves - Absent or scalelike and alternate. Inflorescence - Typically loose to compact cymose globular clusters (but very dense in a couple of species). Flowers sessile or on pedicillate.
Flowers - Typically 4 to 5-merous, to 5mm long, creamy white. Corolla lobes acute to obtuse or rounded, spreading to reflexed or erect. Stamens typically with scalelike appendages. Appendages often fimbriate. Styles typically 2, sometimes single or united. Ovary globose, 2-locular. Fruit typically a globose circumsissle capsule with 2 seeds per locule. Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Many found in low wet areas and pond margins, others found in prairies, glades, thickets, and cultivated ground. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - Although these plants are common, identifying each species can be a lesson in frustration. A good lens or microscope is needed to view the floral parts in detail. Each species is also typically consistently parasitic on a few host species. This fact can also help with an ID. Consult Steyermark if you want to try an individual ID for yourself. Good luck. This genus was formerly in the Family Convolvulaceae.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Apiaceae Stems - To +1m tall, erect, herbaceous, from slender to thickened roots, branching, glabrous.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, sessile above, trifoliolate. Petioles of lowest leaves to +/-10cm long, sheathing, glabrous. Leaflets to +/-15cm long, 8cm broad, double-serrate, often obliquely lobed. Undivided leaflets typically ovate, acute to acuminate. All leaflets glabrous, abruptly contracted near base and with tissue decurrent on petiolule.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary compound umbels. Rays of umbels unequal, glabrous, to +2cm long. Raylets unequal, glabrous, to 7mm long. Umbellets subtended by 1-3 lanceolate bracts(bractlets). Bracts to 4mm long, 1mm broad. Flowers - Petals 5, white, involute, to 2mm long, .6mm broad, apiculate, glabrous. Stamens 5, spreading. Filaments white, glabrous, .9mm long. Anthers yellow. Styles 2, glabrous, white, 1mm long, persistent in fruit. Ovary inferior, green, glabrous, 1.4mm long, .9mm broad. Fruit to 6mm long, ribbed, somewhat compressed.
Flowering - May - August. Habitat - Edges of streams, low wet ground. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This plant is abundant during its growing season and can be found along just about any stream or creek. It is one of the edible members of the carrot family.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Euphorbiaceae Stems - To +/-40cm tall, divaricately branching, lepidote, from a slender taproot, erect, herbaceous (but tough near the base), single or multiple from base.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petiole to +2mm long, lepidote. Blade linear to elliptic-ovate or linear-ovate, entire, to -4cm long, +/-2cm broad, lepidote (more so below), mucronate to apiculate, typically silvery below and appearing spotted because of the scales, green above. Leaves often folded in dry weather. Inflorescence - Small terminal racemes to -1cm long. Racemes androgynous.
Flowers - Staminate flowers with 4-6 stamens. Filaments white, 1.5mm long, glabrous. Anthers white, .4mm broad. Petals 4, 1.1mm long, white. Sepals 4, .7mm long, acute, densely stellate pubescent. Pistillate flowers 5-lobed(calyx). Lobes 2mm long, attenuate, densely stellate pubescent. Ovary ovoid, 1.2mm long, densely stellate pubescent. Styles 2, bifurcate and appearing as 4 or more, 1mm long. Capsule green, lepidote, 4mm long, ovoid but slightly compressed, 1-seeded.
Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Acidic soils of glades, rocky open woods. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a typical glade species in Missouri. It can be found in the southern half of the state. The plant is very easy to identify in the field because the entire plant is covered silvery scales (lepidote). This is a small species but it is quite prevalent on glades with acid substrates.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Euphorbiaceae Stems - To +/-30cm tall, erect, from fibrous roots, divaricately branching (forming a small tree-like plant), stellate pubescent, slightly woody at the base. Stellate hairs with a purplish center (attachment point).
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to 2cm long, pubescent as the stem. Blades ovate to lanceolate, to +4cm long, -2.5cm broad, entire, acute, stellate pubescent adaxially, densely stellate pubescent abaxially (the hairs with a white center). Inflorescence - Axillary androgynous racemes to 1cm tall, with typically 2-3 staminate flowers and 2-3 pistillate flowers. The axis densely stellate pubescent. Pedicels of staminate flowers to 1.5mm long. Pedicels of pistillate flowers 1mm long. All pedicels densely stellate pubescent, elongating in fruit. Flowers - Staminate - Petals 4, spreading, white, 1.3mm long, .7mm broad, ciliate-margined at the base, oblong-elliptic. Stamens 6(3-8), erect to spreading. Filaments white, 1.4mm long, glabrous. Anthers white, .6mm broad. Sepals 4, ovate, 1.2mm long, 1mm broad, stellate pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, white. Pistillate flowers - Sepals 5, linear-oblong, spreading, dense stellate pubescent, green, acute, +2mm long, -1mm broad, accrescent. Ovary superior, globose-ovoid, densely stellate, green, 1.1mm long and broad. Styles 2, deeply divided and appearing as 4, to 1.1mm long, linear, spreading to erect, densely stellate pubescent. Fruits one-seeded, druping. Seeds black, 3mm in diameter, lenticular. Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Typically on acid soils overlying chert, sandstone, or granite substrata. Glades, upland prairies, open and waste ground, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This little species can be found throughout Missouri but is less common in the extreme north-central portion of the state. The plant is small but resembles a small tree because of its widely spreading branches. This species and another, C. capitatus Michx., appear similar at first but there are distinct differences between the two species which makes them easily distinguished in the field. For more on this, compare the descriptions of each species. The plant is toxic to some species of animals but apparently tolerated by others.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Euphorbiaceae Stems - Herbaceous, erect, single from the base, from a taproot, branching in apical 1/2, stellate pubescent, to +/-30cm tall. Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate. Stipules green, needlelike, fugacious, to 1.3mm long, possibly tipped by a small gland. Petioles stellate pubescent, with a shallow adaxial groove, to 2cm long. Blades to 5cm long, 2.5cm broad, lanceolate to lance-ovate, stellate pubescent (much more so abaxially), dull green adaxially, light green abaxially, serrate, blunt at the apex.
blade. Inflorescence - Terminal, compact, androgynous racemes to 1.5cm tall(long). Peduncle densely stellate pubescent. Satminate flowers - Pedicel stellate pubescent, 1.2mm long, each flower subtended by a small needlelike bract. Bracts to 1mm long. Numerous glands present at the base of each pedicel. Pistillate flowers - Pedicel to .1 or .2mm long.
Flowers - Staminate flowers - Petals 5, all white, stellate pubescent, slightly exceeding the sepals, oblong-lanceolate. Stamens 10. Filaments white, glabrous, to 1.5mm long. Anthers pale yellow, .4mm broad. Sepals 5, ovate, to 1.2mm long, white, stellate pubescent. Pistillate flowers - Sepals 5, greenish, stellate pubescent externally (branches of the pubescence long and thin), glabrous internally, +/-2mm long in flower, accrescent, oblanceolate to spatulate. Ovary stellate pubescent, green, superior, 1mm long in flower, 3-locular (one seed per locule). Placentation axile. Styles 3, divided nearly to the base and appearing as 6, white, papillate, 2.2mm long.
Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Prairies, open woods, waste ground, pastures, glades, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species is found throughout most of Missouri but seems to be absent from the north-central portion of the state. This species is easy to ID because of its toothed leaves. No other wild species of Croton in Missouri has toothed leaves. The species epithet comes from the fact that the leaves typically have two glands at the base of each leaf blade.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Euphorbiaceae Stems - To +/-50cm tall, erect, with single stem fom base and then widely branching above(with the appearance of a little tree), densely stellate pubescent,(the pubescence tan to brown), herbaceous, from thickened roots.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-3cm long, densely stellate pubescent. Blade to +/-7cm long, +/-2cm broad, entire, acute to blunt at apex, oblong to lance-oblong or elliptic, densely stellate pubescent, rounded to slightly cordate at base, often mucronate. Inflorescence - Terminal raceme to 3cm long, androgynous, the staminate flowers typically well separated from the pistillate flowers with age. Peduncles densely stellate pubescent.
Flowers - Pistillate flowers apetalous, sessile, with typically 7 calyx lobes, dense stellate pubescent externally. Lobes equal to unequal, greenish, abruptly acute at apex. Entire calyx(in flower) to 1cm broad, 8mm tall(long), slightly accrescent. Styles 3, yellow, densely stellate pubescent, to 3mm long. Stigmas 4-5-parted. Ovary globose to ovoid, densely stellate pubescent, 2.1mm in diameter in flower, 3-locular. Staminate flowers with 5 petals. Petals minute, white, oblanceolate, to 1mm long. Stamens 10 or more, erect to spreading. Filaments white, glabrous, 2mm long. Anthers whitish, 1mm long. Sepals 5, 1mm long, densely stellate pubescent, subulate. Capsule to 1cm long, 3-seeded(one seed per locule), typically with persistent styles. Flowering - June - October.
Habitat - Prairies, glades, fields, pastures, waste ground, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species is found throughout Missouri. It is attractive but often overlooked because the flowers are not showy. The plant would do well in cultivation as it needs little care once established. Steyermark splits the species into two varieties which integrade. Variety capitatus is very common and has leaf blades to 7cm long, (but typically shorter), and stellate pubescence which has a brown or purplish stalk. Variety lindheimeri (Engelm. & Gray) Muell. Arg. has leaf blades which reach 10cm and has stellate pubescence with a white or yellowish stalk. This latter variety is much less common and found in only a few southeastern counties.
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