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花园 (6)
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To 90cm tall, from thick root, multiple from base, herbaceous, erect, branching above, scabrous, antrorse strigose (dense above in inflorescence).
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate to sessile, scabrous above and below, crenate-dentate to crenate-serrate, strigose. Lowest (basal) leaves with winged petiole, to +30cm long, +12cm broad. Cauline leaves becoming reduced above, sessile, clasping, somewhat auriculate, lanceolate.
Inflorescence - More or less flat-topped dense corymbiform arrangement of flower heads terminating stems. Peduncles densely pubescent (the hairs multicellular). Small bracts present at divisions of inflorescence and often subtending involucre.
Involucre - 4-5mm tall (long), 6-7mm broad. Phyllaries to 4mm long, 3mm broad, elliptic-orbicular, densely covered with multicellular pubescence. Ray flowers - 5, fertile, pistillate. Ligule tubular, 1.5mm long. Style bifurcate, brownish-black at stigmas. Achenes black, obovate, 3mm long, lenticular. Disk flowers - Corollas 5-lobed, 1.4mm long. Achenes(in flower) green, 1mm long, pubescent at apex, becoming black and 3mm long in fruit. Receptacle conic. Chaff with pubescence at the apex, 3.5mm long. Pappus of 2-3 short awns. Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Rocky prairies, limestone glades, open woods, thickets. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species is common throughout nearly all of Missouri but is apparently absent from the extreme northwestern corner of the state. This is a fairly easy (see below) species to identify in the field because of its big clusters of flower heads and big scratchy leaves. Another species, P. hispidum Raf., is similar but has hispid hairs on its stems and leaves. This species grows in the Ozark region of Missouri only. Some authors group the 3 similar species of Parthenium in the U.S. (P. auriculatum Britt. being the third) into P. integrifolium and varieties. I tend to agree with this manner of thought.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Apiaceae Stems - To 1m tall, glabrous to hirsute, branching, erect, herbaceous, from thickened roots.
Leaves - Alternate, ternate. Leaflets lobed to serrate, 1-5cm wide, 3-10cm long, pubescent to villous, ovate to lance-ovate. Inflorescence - Compound umbels with typically +3 primary rays. Rays and umbellets subtended by recurved linear-lanceolate bracts. Bracts villous. Primary rays to -5cm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, subequal but typically one or two larger than the others, to 2mm long and broad, with apical tip curved adaxially. Margins of petal folded abaxially. Stamens 5, alternating with petals, spreading to erect. Filaments to -3mm long, white. Anthers .2mm long, pale-yellow. Styles +/- 2mm long in flower, equaling or longer than petals, spreading. Fruits lance-oblong in shape, +/- 10mm long, +/- 2mm wide near apex, tapering to base, black when mature. Styles in fruit 2-4mm long.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Moist ground in wooded areas, shaded slopes, ravines. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This licorice smelling plant can be found throughout Missouri. All parts of the plant exhibit a sweet fragrance but the roots and fruits are the best to chew on. Steyermark lists three varieties in Missouri. Variety longistylis has stems which are glabrous to only very sparsely hairy. Variety brachyoma has very short(.5mm or less) hairs on the stems. Variety villicaulis has longer(.5-2mm) and more plentiful hairs on the stems. There is another species of this genus in Missouri, O. claytoni. This species has styles which are a bit shorter and the plant is not scented. Good luck telling them apart.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Orobanchaceae Stems - Parasitic on roots of other vascular plants, herbaceous, achlorophyllous, subterranean, thin, glabrous.
Leaves - Alternate, few, reduced to scales, whitish-tan, 2-3mm long, glabrous, ovate. Inflorescence - Solitary flower on axillary pedicel to 15cm long. Pedicel glandular pubescent, erect.
Flower - Corolla typically white, tubular, 2.2cm long, dense glandular pubescent, 5-lobed. Lobes to 6mm long, 4.5mm broad, with two yellow bearded strips alternating with two bottom lobes. Stamens 4, adnate at base of corolla tube, alternating with lobes. Filaments white, glabrous, to +4mm long. Anthers pale yellow, 1.1mm long. Style 7-8mm long, glabrous, tubular, expanded at apex. Stigma two lobed. Calyx tube campanulate, 5-lobed. Tube to 4mm long, 5-6mm in diameter, dense glandular pubescent. Lobes attenuate, to 5mm long, glandular pubescent.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Wooded slopes, rocky open woods, rocky glades, base of bluffs. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - I like the parasitic plants and this plant is no exception. It's a small plant but easy to find because of the fairly large white flower. The big tubular corolla with the yellow bearded strips is just screaming to be visited by a bee or small wasp. The stems are short and thin and rarely seen unless you dig a bit at the base of the pedicel.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Liliaceae Stems - Bulbs. Aerial stem glabrous, 20-30cm tall, +/-4mm in diameter. Leaves - Linear, grasslike, entire, basal, glabrous, +20cm long, 5-6mm broad, often involute, with a light green to whitish midrib.
Inflorescence - Raceme to +8cm tall. Pedicels glaucous, to +4cm long, 2mm in diameter. Single bracts at base of pedicels to 4cm long, scarious, 4mm broad at base, attenuate.
Flowers - Tepals 6, white above, white with green stripe below, glabrous, free, oblong to linear, 1.5cm long, 5mm broad. Stamens 6, erect, slightly exserted. Anthers flattened, 7mm long, 2mm broad at base, keeled, connivent around ovary. Anthers yellow, 2.5cm long, 1.2mm broad. Ovary superior, with 6 ridges, 3-locular, many seeded, placentation axile. Style 1, 2.5-3mm long, white, glabrous. Flowers highly nectariferous.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Cultivated and escaped into open fields, waste ground, parks, open woods, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - Like many of the lilies, this plant is toxic. Apparently it is quick to spread and hence easy to propagate. The individual flowers don't last long, only a couple of days, but the plant produces many flowers and is certainly striking.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Liliaceae Stems - From bulbs. Aerial stems to +40cm long (tall), erect, herbaceous, terete, green, glabrous, simple, single from the base.
Leaves - Mostly near the base of the plant and in a rosette, glabrous, flat but typically somewhat folded, green, to +45cm long, +1cm broad, linear and grass-like, succulent, with parallel veins. Inflorescence - Terminal raceme. Pedicels to +1cm long in flower, glabrous, ascending in bud, nodding in flower. Each pedicel subtended by a scarious attenuate bract. Bracts brownish, glabrous, to -4cm long, 1cm broad at the base.
Flowers - Tepals 6, spreading. glabrous, +/-3cm long, +/-8mm broad, white with a green midstripe, acute, oblong-lanceolate, distinct. Stamens 6, erect, connivent around the style. Filaments compressed, white, to 1.5cm long, 3-4mm long. Some (3) of the filaments expanded beyond the anthers with two erect appendages. Anthers pale yellow to white, to +5mm long, 2mm broad. Ovary dark green, glabrous, ovoid, 3-ribbed, 5mm long in flower, 3mm in diameter, 3-locular, placentation axile, ovules many. Style white, 7-8mm long, glabrous, with 2 vertical grooves. Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Cultivated and rarely escaped. Persistent around old homesites. Origin - Native to Asia. Other info. - This attractive species is commonly cultivated throughout Missouri and is rarely escaped. It is not nearly as common as the closely related O. umbellatum L. which is escaped nearly throughout the state. The genus Ornithogalum is toxic and contains many alkaloids.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Orchidaceae Stems - Flowering stem to +/-15cm tall, from rhizomes and thick roots, glabrous, simple, herbaceous, erect.
Leaves - Basal, typically 2, elliptic to spatulate or obovate, entire, subsucculent, glabrous, shiny green, tapering to base, rounded at apex, to +7cm broad, +15cm long, sheathing at base. Leaves of flowering stem reduced to foliaceous bracts, lance-oblong, to +4cm long, 2cm broad, entire, glabrous. Inflorescence - Terminal raceme with +/-5 flowers. Each flower subtended by single foliaceous bract. Bracts sessile.
Flowers - Corolla white to pink and white, to +3cm long, resupinate. Sepals to +1.5cm long, 5mm broad, lanceolate, typically pink but also white, glabrous, forming a hood around the column. Lateral petals linear, to 1.5cm long, 4mm broad, forming hood with sepals. "Lower" petal (lip) to +1.5cm long, +1.2cm broad, (sub)acute at apex, white, glabrous, ovate, with undulate margins, spurred. Spur to +1.5cm long, expanded slightly at apex (clavate). Column to 8mm long, whitish. Stamen 1. Ovary inferior. Capsules to 2cm long, erect, many seeded.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Ravines, rich and low woods. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This striking little plant is common throughout Missouri but is often not seen by the casual observer because it grows in deep woods and ravines. The flowers are typically white and pink but can be all white also. The flowers are also resupinate so what looks like the top of the flower is actually the bottom and vice versa. The big lip of the corolla is a perfect landing platform for flying insects, the plants main pollinators. A common synonym is Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Onagraceae Stems - To 50cm tall but reclining or prostrate in habit, with appressed hairiness in upper portions, glabrescent to sparsely hairy below.
Leaves - Alternate, linear, narrowly-oblong to oblong. Can be very narrow in upper portions of stems but wider below. Inflorescence - Solitary flower from leaf axils but usually in a spikelike fashion near end of stem. Flowers - Corolla white, petals 4, 2-3.5 cm long, distinct. Ovary inferior. Stigma 4 parted. Calyx tube 1-2cm long.
Fruit - Capsule +/- 4mm thick, slightly winged with wings 1mm or so broad. Many seeded. Flowering - May - June. Habitat - Prairies, railroads, open woods. Origin - Native to Southwest U.S., introduced into Missouri.
Other info. - This plant grew from a seed mixture which was sown to restore a natural prairie in Kansas City. I have not seen it elsewhere outside of cultivation.
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