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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月23日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Rubiaceae Stems - Multiple from fibrous roots or small caudex, to 25cm tall, simple or branching above, herbaceous, 4-angled, glabrous, often reddish below.
Leaves - Basal leaves petiolate. Petioles to +1cm long. Blades oblong to spatulate or lanceolate, tapering at base, glabrous, reddish below, green above. Cauline leaves sessile, opposite, 3cm long, +/-5mm broad, antrorse strigose, entire, linear to narrowly oblong. Opposing leaves joined at base by whitish stipule. Stipule 3mm long, 2mm broad, triangular, with few coarse purplish teeth on margins or entire.
Inflorescence - Loose cymes of +/-3 flowers terminating stems. Pedicels to 4mm long, -1mm in diameter, appearing glabrous but heavily glandular (need lens to see). Flowers - Corolla pinkish to white, funnelform, , 4-lobed, glabrous externally, to 7mm long. Lobes 2mm long and broad, acute or minutely mucronate (mucronulate), pubescent internally, distinctly one-nerved. Stamens 4, adnate near base of corolla tube. Anthers pale-yellow, -1mm long. Filaments very short (.1mm long). Style filiform, glabrous, 6-7mm long, slightly exserted. Stigmas 2, globose. Hypanthium 1mm long. Calyx lobes to 3mm long, glabrous, entire, subulate. Fruit globose, to -3mm in diameter.
Flowering - April - July. Habitat - Rocky open woods, prairies, glades, bluff ledges. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - In Missouri this little plant can basically be found in all counties east of a line drawn from Barton County to Callaway County. The plant is common in the parts of the state where it grows. H. longifolia is most common on acid soils whereas the similar H. nigricans (Lam.) Fern. is more typically found on basic substrata. A common synonym is Hedyotis longifolia (Gaertn.) Hook.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月23日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Caryophyllaceae Stems - To +/-80cm tall, herbaceous, simple to branching above, from a taproot, glabrous to hirsute and antrorse pubescent near the inflorescence, terete, hollow.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, linear, pubescent, to +/-6cm long, +/-5mm broad, entire, acute to obtuse.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate clusters of paired flowers. Bracts linear, pubescent. Flowers sessile. Flowers - Petals 5, clawed. Claw to 1.5cm long, glabrous, white. Limb pink with white and rose mottling, 6-7mm long, 3mm broad, elliptic, toothed at apex. Stamens 10. Filaments to 1.4cm long, filiform, glabrous, white. Anthers purple, 1.2mm long, slightly exserted or included. Styles 2, filiform, white, 1cm long, included. Ovary cylindric, 6-7mm long, 1.2mm in diameter, glabrous, light green, 2-locular. Placentation axile. Ovules many. Calyx tube to 1.5cm long, 2.5mm in diameter, pubescent, 5-lobed. Lobes 3mm long, attenuate, erect.
Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Open woods, roadsides, railroads, waste ground, pastures, fields. Also cultivated. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This diminutive species can be found throughout Missouri. The bright pink flowers of this species make it desirable in cultivation and it requires little care.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月23日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lythraceae Stems - To +60cm tall, erect, herbaceous, branching, reddish-purple, dense simple and glandular pubescent, viscid, from branching taproot, single or multiple from base.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to 1.3cm long, dense glandular and simple pubescent, reddish-purple above, greenish below. Blade lanceolate to lance-ovate, entire, acute, to 4.5cm long, -2cm broad, often slightly oblique at base, scabrous
Inflorescence - 1-3 axillary flowers near apex of stems. Pedicels to 5mm long, dense pubescent (glandular and simple), with pair of minute opposite bracts at about the middle. Flowers - Petals 5, unequal, free, rose-purple, to 3.5mm long, suborbicular to obovate, drying to a deep blue-purple. Stamens 10 - 11, included, unequal, adnate at upper 1/4 of floral tube. Filaments pinkish, to 2mm long, with densely pilose(hairs white to pink). Style included, 3-4mm long, bifurcate at apex Ovary white, with thin papery exterior, 5mm long, glabrous. Placentation axile. Floral tube to 1.4cm long, densely glandular pubescent(hairs reddish-purple), 12-nerved, gibbous at base, 6-lobed. Lobes acute, to -1mm long. Upper-most lobe longer than others. Floral tube splitting in fruit and ovary deflexing. Seeds green, discoid, minute-tuberculate, 2.5-3mm in diameter.
Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Open woods, thickets, prairies, pastures, glades, roadsides. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This little species is common in the lower 2/3 of Missouri but is apparently absent from most of the northern portions of the state. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its opposite leaves, purplish stems, and densely glandular pubescent floral tubes and stems. A synonym is C. viscossissima Jacq.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月23日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asclepiadaceae Stems - To 1m tall, erect, from a large crown and a deep rhizome, herbaceous but stout, typically simple, typically single from the base, to +1cm in diameter at the base, glabrous, green and sometimes glaucous, solid, with copious milky sap.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, glabrous, entire, to +15cm long, to 8cm broad, lanceolate to oblong, green above, glaucous-blue below, with a blunt to rounded apex but with a small, triangular mucro. Midrib whitish and clearly differentiated from the other leaf tissues. Veins anastomosing about 3-4mm from the leaf margin.
Inflorescence - Pedunculate umbels from the upper leaf axils. Umbels with +/-20 flowers. Peduncles to 4-5cm long, glabrous, green. Rays of the umbel subtended by small lanceolate bracts. Bracts to +5mm long, +?-2mm broad, acute, glabrous. Rays (pedicels) purplish, +/-2cm long, glabrous. Flowers - Petals 5, reflexed, +/-1cm long, 5-6mm broad, acute, glabrous, purplish. Sepals 5, 5mm long, to 3mm broad, acute, subulate, glabrous, reflexed, hidden by the petals. Hoods pinkish, +/-6mm long, glabrous. Horns exserted from the hoods about 4mm, converging over the anther head. Anther column to -5mm long, 4mm in diameter. Pollinia 3mm long. Terminator .8mm long, deep purple. Anther sacs -2mm long.Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Wet meadows, uplands, river bottoms, prairies, alluvial thickets. Origin - Native to U.S. and Canada. Other info. - This attractive species of milkweed can be found mainly in the northern half of Missouri. The plant can be identified by its completely glabrous parts, and big flowers. The flowers are fewer in number and larger than than those of the similar A. syriaca L. A. syriaca is typically taller than A. sullivantii and the former has hairy stems and leaves.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月23日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asclepiadaceae Stems - To +/-45cm tall, erect, simple, herbaceous, from rhizomes, purplish at the base and apex, with one flat side, mostly glabrous but with hairs in distinct vertical lines on margins of flat side, with milky sap.
Leaves - Lowest leaves in false whorl of 4 (2 higher and 2 lower). Leaves tapering to a short petiole, ovate to elliptic, entire, acuminate, with curly hairs on veins on both surfaces, to +/-9cm long, +/-5cm broad. Margins ciliolate. A pair of leaves typically subtending the inflorescence. Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary umbels in the apical portion of the stems with +/-15 flowers. Pedicels to 2cm long, tomentoulose on one side, purplish pink.
Flowers - Petals 5, spreading to reflexed, pinkish internally, darker externally (abaxially), to 7mm long, 3.2mm broad, glabrous, acute, elliptic. Hoods whitish to pinkish tinged, 3-4mm long, glabrous, subacute at apex, connected at the base to the anther column. Horns to 3mm long, white, glabrous, converging over the column. Column purplish, 2mm long, -2mm in diameter, white at apex. Pollinia 1mm long, terminator deep purple. Pistils 2, green, 2mm long, glabrous. Ovules many.
Flowering - May - July. Habitat - Rich or dry rocky open woods, on upland slopes or ridges. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found throughout most of Missouri except for much of the northwestern portion of the state. The plant is easy to identify because of its generally small size, and false whorl of leaves. The plant typically has only one or maybe two false whorls of leaves on the stem.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月23日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asclepiadaceae Stems - Erect, herbaceous but stout, typically simple, from a taproot, with milky sap, pubescent and also with a vertical line of tomentoulose hairs decurrent from the base of each petiole, to +1m tall.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, short petiolate. Petioles to -1cm long, antrorse pubescent. Blades to +20cm long, 8cm broad, entire, abruptly acute at the apex, abruptly tapering to a rounded base, often with a purple tinge on the midrib adaxially, pubescent and deep green adaxially, light green and densely pubescent abaxially. Lateral venation anastomosing. Inflorescence - Few axillary pedunculate umbels near the apex of the stems. Peduncles to +/-7cm long, erect, sparse pubescent but tomentoulose on one side. Flowers +/-50 per umbel. Pedicels to +/-2cm long, tomentoulose, subtended by linear bracts. Bracts withering quickly, to +/-6mm long, pubescent.
Flowers - Petals 5, reflexed to spreading, purplish-pink, glabrous, to +1cm long, +/-4mm broad, acute, oblong-lanceolate, entire. Hoods purplish-pink, +/-7mm long (tall), glabrous, connected at the base below the anther column. Horns purplish-white, 2mm long, down-curved and converging at the apex of the anther column. Anther column mostly green (white at the apex), 3-4mm in diameter. Pollinia to -2mm long, the connective deep purple. Pistils 2, glabrous, light green, 3mm long in flower.
Flowering - May - July. Habitat - Rocky open woods, glades, prairies, stream banks, wet meadows and valleys, thickets, roadsides. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This showy species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is quite striking and would grow with little care in a garden. This species also attracts many flying insects and would be a great addition to a butterfly garden. The stems of A. purpurascens produce copious amounts of milky sap when injured. This sap can be irritating to some and is toxic if ingested or rubbed in the eyes.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月23日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asclepiadaceae Stems - To 1.5m tall, from fibrous roots, erect, herbaceous, glabrous or with a single vertical line of appressed pubescence in the internodes above, with milky sap, branching above.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petiole to +1.5cm long. Blade to 15cm long, +2cm broad, linear to linear-lanceolate, acuminate, with strigillose margins, sparse appressed pubescent, truncate to rounded at the base.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal umbellate cymes of 20-30 flowers each. Peduncles green, to +5cm long, antrorse appressed pubescent, with one vertical line more densely pubescent than rest of peduncle. Pedicels pinkish-rose, sparse pubescent, to 1.4cm long, subtended by linear bracts. Bracts to 6mm long, pubescent. Flowers - Petals 5, 6mm long, 2.3mm broad, oblong-elliptic, entire, reflexed, glabrous, pink to purple. Hoods 2mm long, 1.2mm broad, pinkish-white. Horns pinkish-white, to 2.5mm long. Gynostegium to 2.5mm long, 1.3mm in diameter. Pollinia 1.1mm long. Calyx lobes 5, reflexed, 2mm long, pubescent, pinkish-green. Follicles to 8cm long, fusiform, typically glabrous.
Flowering - June - August. Habitat - Moist to wet soils. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is becoming one of the more popular Asclepias in cultivation because of its tall height, striking flowers, and ability to grow in wet soils. It is an obvious butterfly favorite. The flowers of this species are not as large as in some other members of the genus but the plant typically produces many clusters of flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月23日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asclepiadaceae Stems - From a deep rhizome, simple, single from the base, erect, herbaceous but stout, to -1m tall, +/-1.5cm in diameter at the base, glabrous, glaucous, with copious milky sap when bruised or crushed.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, clasping, spreading, typically 2-5 pairs on the stem below the inflorescence, thick, to 12cm long, 8cm broad, broadly oblong to oblong-ovate, glabrous, dark-green and glossy adaxially, light green and glaucous abaxially. Midrib lighter in color and contrasting with the leaf tissue. Lateral veins with a reddish tint, anastomosing before the leaf margin. Margins sinuate-crispate. Apex rounded to sub-acute, with a mucro to 1mm long.
Inflorescence - Single terminal umbel with 15-80 flowers. Pedicels to 4.5cm long, +/-1mm in diameter, slightly expanded at the apex, puberulent to tomentose but often on just 1/2 or 2/3 of the circumference (the rest glabrous). Flowers - Petals 5, reflexed, 1cm long, 4-6mm broad, elliptic, appearing glabrous but actually with a very minute pubescence abaxially, glabrous adaxially, greenish-red, with a slightly inflated tip. Sepals 5, reflexed, hidden by the petals, lanceolate, +/-2mm broad, +/-3mm long, green to reddish, glabrous abaxially, sparse appressed-pubescent adaxially. Hoods pinkish-purple, 4-5mm long, +2mm broad, with a wavy apical margin, glabrous. Horns exserted from the hoods +/-3mm, converging over the column, purple. Column +/-3mm tall, -3mm in diameter. Pollinia 2-2.5mm long. Anther sacs brownish-gold. Terminator purple, .5-.6mm long.
Flowering - April - July. Habitat - Prairies, glades, rocky open woods, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This attractive species can be found scattered throughout much of Missouri. It can be easily identified by its erect, glabrous stems, sessile, clasping leaves, and pinkish flowers. The flowers typically occur in a single terminal inflorescence. The leaves have undulate-crispate margins and are rounded at the apex. All parts of the plants bleed white milky sap when injured.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月23日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Apocynaceae Stems - To 2m tall, erect, branching, glabrous, often purplish, terete, with milky sap, herbaceous. Leaves - Opposite, decussate or not, at least the lower leaves typically drooping, petiolate. Petioles to 6mm long, glabrous to pubescent or not. Blades ovate, acute, mucronate, glabrous adaxially, pubescent to glabrous abaxially, entire, rounded at base, lighter colored abaxially, deep green above, to +10cm long, +5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal pedunculate cymes. Peduncles and pedicels glabrous. Peduncles to 4cm long. Pedicels to 4mm long in flower.
Flowers - Corolla whitish to pink or with pink stripes, 5-7mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes to +3mm long, spreading to recurved, rounded to acute at apex. Stamens 5, erect, connivent around the pistil. Filaments short, thick, with floccose hairs internally at the midpoint, 1.5mm long. Anther connective sagittate, expanded, +/-2.5mm long, golden-yellow. Stamens alternating with green nectaries at base. Anthers with white nectaries internally surrounding the stigmas. Pistils 2, green, glabrous, 1.5-2mm long. Styles united and cylindrical with small a small ring below the stigmas. Placentation axile, seeds (ovules) many. Ovary partially inferior. Calyx tube 1.3mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes whitish, acute, triangular, to 2mm long, glabrous.
Flowering - May - July. Habitat - Dry open rocky woods, thickets, roadsides. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout much of Missouri but is absent from a few locations such as the extreme NW and SW corners of the state. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its distinctive flowers, which have recurved lobes. This species has the typical white milky sap of the Apocynaceae and can be toxic if eaten. Traditionally the plant was used as an emetic and a diuretic. The strong fibers of the plant can be made into rope.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月22日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Scrophulariaceae Stems - To +1m tall, erect, herbaceous but stout, terete near the base, angled in the apical 1/2, scaberulous, puberulent, much-branched, from a big taproot, mostly green.
Leaves - Opposite, linear, entire, antrorse strigose, acute, to +3cm long, 1-1.5mm broad, slightly folded, with well developed axillary fascicles. Fascicles as long or longer than the subtending leaf.
Inflorescence - Axillary racemes in the upper 2/3 of the stem. Racemes very bracteate and the inflorescence appearing as just axillary flowers. Flowers single from each leaf (bract) axil, 1-2 per node, opposite. Pedicels 3-5mm long, shorter than or equaling the calyx, glabrous, ascending. Axis of the inflorescence angled, puberulent. Flowers - Corolla pink, to +2cm long, 5-lobed. Corolla tube densely antrorse pubescent externally, mostly glabrous internally, contracted in the basal 5mm (the portion surrounded by the calyx). Corolla tube with pink spots and two yellow stripes internally (ventrally). Corolla lobes rounded, with pilose margins, to +1cm broad, 1cm long, spreading, the upper two pilose-bearded at the base internally. Stamens 4, didynamous, mostly included. Filaments pale pink to whitish, pink pilose, to +1cm long, adnate at the apex of the contracted portion of the corolla tube. Anthers whitish, pilose dorsally, +/-3mm long, 1.5mm broad, with two acute basal lobes. Style 1, exserted beyond the corolla and from between the stamens, pale purple basally, whitish at the apex, mostly glabrous and terete, flattened and puberulent on the margins in the apical 1/3 (the stigma). Ovary superior, green, glabrous, ovoid, to 2mm long in flower, 2-locular, with many ovules. Placentation axile. Calyx campanulate, green, glabrous, 5mm long in flower, 5-lobed. Lobes 1-1.6mm long, triangular-attenuate with a slight keel that somewhat ribs the calyx tube in the apical 1/2. Most dorsal calyx lobe slightly larger than the others.
Flowering - August - October. Habitat - Prairies, sandy open ground, thickets, woodland edges, fallow fields. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This striking species can be found mainly in southwestern Missouri. The plant can be identified by its big flowers (which have yellow stripes and pink spots internally), and its linear leaves which have well developed axillary fascicles. The plant is very common in states to the south and east and extends up the east coast to Maryland. This species reaches its inland northern limit in Missouri. A synonym for this species is Gerardia fasciculata Ell.
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