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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Fabaceae Stems - From taproots, erect to ascending, to 30cm long (tall), puberulent to sericeous, herbaceous, branching, multiple from base. Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate, palmately compound. Stipules to +1cm long, attenuate, sericeous. Petiole to +17cm long, sericeous. Leaflets 12, oblanceolate, mucronate, entire, sessile, sericeous below, glabrous above, to +8cm long, 3cm broad.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal indeterminate raceme to 50cm long. Peduncle and axis densely pubescent. Pedicels to 1cm long, densely pubescent. Flowers subverticillate. Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous, bicolored. Standard with margins reflexed, 1.5cm broad, white with pale yellow spot near center, glabrous. Wings connivent, inflated, enclosing the keel petals, 1.5cm long, pink, glabrous. Stamens 10, monodelphous. Filaments united for 6mm at base, free for 6-7mm. Anthers copper-colored. Style upcurved, 1.2mm long, glabrous. Ovary 1cm long, densely pubescent (the hairs multicellular), slightly compressed. Calyx bilabiate. Lower lip single lobed, 5-6mm long, 5mm broad at base, acute, sericeous, with prominent midrib. Upper lip saccate at base, 4-5mm long, 4mm broad at base, sericeous.
Fruit - Legume to -5cm long, 1cm broad, sericeous, compressed, with 6-9 seeds, with persistent style.Flowering - June - August.
Habitat - Cultivated. Origin - The genus has plants nearly worldwide. The plant shown is a hybrid. Other info. - I know that you will not find this particular plant growing in the wilds of Missouri but its such a striking plant I thought I would include it. The long thick racemes of bicolored flowers are quite striking but reek of cultivation and hybridization. Personally I prefer the more rugged look of wild plants. Nonetheless, there are many very interesting cultivars of Lupinus out there. I'm not even going to guess at which cultivar the shown plant is. One nice website I found for hybrid Lupines is West Country Lupines in the U.K.. They have a great site with good pics and interesting graphics. Remember, the descriptions given above are only for this particular cultivar. Every cultivar is different.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To +1m tall, simple, single from rounded corm, herbaceous, glabrescent basally, tomentose and purplish above, erect, terete, stout.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile. Lowest leaves to -30cm long, spatulate to narrowly oblanceolate, glabrous or scabrous, quickly reduced upward. Upper leaves linear to linear-oblong, scabrous, entire, with single prominent midrib and no apparent lateral venation, reduced to scales by inflorescence.
Inflorescence - Determinate. Single flower heads from upper axils creating a spikiform effect. Flower heads sessile or on short thick peduncles to 7mm long. Each flower head subtended by a scalelike bract. Flowers +40 per head. Heads to +/-3cm broad. Involucre - To 1.5cm tall(long), 1.4cm in diameter. Phyllaries green below fading into purple above at apex, with rounded apices, spreading to slightly reflexed, NOT tightly appressed, spatulate, to 1.3cm long, 5mm broad at apex, sparse appressed pubescent and punctate externally, glabrous internally, imbricate. Upper margin appearing minutely lacerate or erose. Ray flowers - Absent. Disk flowers - Corolla tube 8mm long, white below, fading to pink above, glabrous externally, 5-lobed. Lobes pinkish-rose, 3-4mm long, glabrous, acute. Stamens 5, adnate about 1/3 way from base of tube. Filaments white, glabrous. Anthers connate around style, brownish-purple, 3mm long, included. Style bifurcate, white below, pink above, glabrous, 1.7cm long, well exserted. Achenes barbed, +/-5mm long, white, 10-ribbed. Pappus of numerous barbed bristles to 9mm long. Bristles with pink tinge especially at apex.
Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Open woods, slopes, bluffs. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - Just look at that big striking flower head. This is a great plant. It is often overshadowed by other members of the genus but I don't see why. The plant is not common in Missouri but is found in many parts of the U.S.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To +60cm tall, erect, simple, single or multiple from a corm, herbaceous, glabrous to pilose (the hairs multicellular), terete, typically light green with darker vertical lines.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, linear and grasslike, scabrous or not, glabrous to strigose hairy, entire, reduced upward, to +20cm long, 4-12mm broad. Veins of the leaves appearing parallel. Hairs multicellular as on the stem. Inflorescence - Single, sessile flowerheads in the leaf axils. Involucre - To +/-1.8cm long (tall), +/-7mm in diameter, cylindric or slightly wider near the base. Phyllaries imbricate, the longest to -1.5cm long, 2-4mm broad, glabrous to pubescent externally, glabrous internally, with ciliate margins apically, abruptly short acuminate to acuminate at the apex, often dark purple at the apex in strong sun. The apices of the phyllaries somewhat to greatly spreading (depending on the variety).
Ray flowers - Absent. Disk flowers - 10-60 per flowerhead. Corolla green basally, purplish in the apical half, 5-lobed, to 1.4cm long (including the lobes), glabrous externally, pubescent internally. Lobes to +/-4mm long, -1mm broad, acute, linear, with punctate glands externally (use a lens to see). Stamens 5, adnate at the middle of the corolla tube. Filaments white, glabrous, -2mm long. Anthers brown, connate around the style, 3mm long, mostly included. Style white basally, purple in the apical half, glabrous, +/-2cm long total, divided in the apical half, well exserted beyond the corolla. Pappus of purplish plumose bristles to +/-9mm long, uniseriate. The shaft of the bristle is purple the plumose hairs are white. Achene in flower ribbed, +/-5mm long, +/-1.2mm broad, antrorse pubescent.
Flowering - June - September. Habitat - Rocky and dry open woods, glades, rocky prairies, bluff ledges. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This striking species can be found in much of Missouri but is apparently absent from the bootheel portion of the state as well as the loess-rich northwest corner of the state. L. squarrosa is easily recognized in the field by its grass-like leaves, squarrose phyllaries, and habitat. The pubescence of the stem, leaves, and involucre is variable in this species and different varieties exist. I won't go the varieties here but to see what typical plants look like in the southeastern U.S., click here.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To +80cm tall, herbaceous, glabrous(or very sparsely pubescent), simple, single or multiple from the base. Leaves - Alternate, grass-like, to 2cm broad, 30cm long, reduced upward, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent, sessile. Inflorescence - A terminal spike to 30cm tall (long). At least lowest flower heads subtended by a small foliaceous bract. Heads fairly dense.
Involucre - To 1cm broad, +1cm tall. Phyllaries appressed, with scarious margins, tips rounded.
Ray flowers - Absent. Disk flowers - Typically 3-18 flowers per head. Corolla tubular, rose to purple, glabrous internally. Pappus of capillary bristles.
Flowering - June - September. Habitat - Meadows, slopes. Also cultivated. Origin - Native to Eastern U.S. Other info. - This species is not native to Missouri but is often cultivated here and escaped. The non-flowering plants greatly resemble grass clumps. The spikes of L. spicata slightly resemble those of L. pycnostachya but L. spicata has phyllaries which are appressed and obtuse instead of recurving and acuminate. L. lancifolia (Greene) Kittell. is a very similar plant and the two may be synonymous with each other.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To -2m tall, glabrous to hirsute (at least above), erect, typically simple, striate to carinate, from thick roots herbaceous. Leaves - Alternate, dense, linear, entire, punctate, +/-5mm wide, to +20cm long, reduced upward, sessile, glabrous to pubescent or slightly scabrous, very numerous. Basal leaves to -40cm long. Inflorescence - Dense terminal spike to 40cm tall. Flower heads sessile, usually subtended by single foliaceous bract. Axis pubescent to hirsute. Involucre - To 1cm long(tall), 4-5mm in diameter, cylindric. Phyllaries to 7mm long, +/-2.5mm broad, green below fading to red above, mostly glabrous, punctate, with ciliate margins, tips recurved, acuminate. Flower heads with +/-7 flowers. Ray flowers - Absent. Disk flowers - Corolla tube pink, 5-6mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, erect to spreading, 2mm long, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate about 1/3 to 1/2 way up tube, exserted. Anthers connate around style, 3mm long, brownish-purple. Style exserted, bifurcate. Stigma deep pink. Achenes dense pubescent, 3-sided, 3mm long in flower. Pappus of barbed capillary bristles to 5mm long. Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Prairies, meadows, open ground, glades, railroads, roadsides. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species is commonly seen in prairie habitats and along roadsides in the Ozarks. The dense linear leaves and densely flowered spikes are good characteristics for identifying the species. The form shown above is form pycnostachya. Steyermark lists a second form of the species, form hubrighti, which has white disk flowers. This form is much less common. All the plants in this genus are gaining popularity in cultivation due to the increased interest in butterfly and native landscape gardening.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - Single or multiple from base, from a globose corm, erect, herbaceous, simple or branching at the apex, to -1m tall, 4-5mm in diameter, glabrous, light green, somewhat striate from decurrent leaf tissue.
Leaves - Basal leaves in a rosette, petiolate. Entire leaf to 40cm long. Petioles often purplish near the base. Blade linear, entire, deep green, glabrous abaxially, to +/-6mm broad. At least the midrib pubescent adaxially. Cauline leaves sessile, linear, pubescent as the basals, reduced upward, acute or often mucronate (with a minute yellowish-green apex). Upper cauline leaves often ciliate at the base. Inflorescence - Determinant racemose arrangement of axillary pedunculate flower heads. Stems in inflorescence sparse pilose. Peduncles to +1.5cm long, often with a few bracts subtending the involucre, glabrous or with a few sparse pilose hairs. Involucre - +/-2cm long, 6-7mm in diameter, cylindrical. Phyllaries imbricate, appressed, green, glabrous (some of the lower with a few cilia on margins), abruptly acuminate to rounded at the apex (the acuminate tip often lighter in color), with scarious margins except at the apex, 5-6mm broad. Uppermost phyllaries often with purplish margins.
Ray flowers - Absent. Disk flowers - 10-60 per flower head. Corolla glabrous externally, pubescent internally, to 1.6cm long, 5-lobed, pink above, white below. Lobes attenuate, 4-5mm long, 1mm broad, pubescent internally. Stamens 5, adnate about 1/2 way up the corolla tube, mostly included. Filaments thin and translucent, +/-2mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellowish-brown, 3mm long, with scarious apices, weakly connate around the style. Style white, glabrous, deeply bifurcate, well exserted. Stigmas pinkish-purple, pubescent. Achenes (in flower) white, 5-6mm long, densely pubescent, with a dark ring at the apex, angled. Pappus of plumose bristles in a single series. Axis of bristles purplish, to 1cm long.
Flowering - July - September. Habitat - Rocky open woods, prairies, glades, rocky ledges and bluffs. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species is mainly found in the southeastern half of Missouri. It is a fairly easy species to ID because of its appressed phyllaries, cylindrical involucres, and linear leaves.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To +1m tall, herbaceous, erect, simple. terete, single or double from a large corm, antrorse strigose, glabrescent at the base, typically about 3-4mm in diameter, ribbed.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, sessile above. Basal leaves long-petiolate. Petioles to 10cm long, mostly glabrous, with a square adaxial groove near the base of the leaf blade. Leaf blades linear-elliptic, to +15cm long, 2-3cm broad, entire, sparse pubescent, with many minute punctations, acute, tapering at the base down the petiole. Cauline leaves greatly reduced towards the apex of the plant, linear, entire, pubescent, 2-6mm broad, 2-9cm long. All leaves with a single midrib.
Inflorescence - Determinate terminal spike to +35cm long. Flower heads sessile, each head typically subtended by one reduced leaf (bract). Involucre - To 1.5cm long (tall), +1cm in diameter, cylindrical. Phyllaries with scarious margins and a green middle portion, glabrous internally and externally, punctate in the green portion externally, 6-10mm long, to 5mm broad, broadest above the middle, spreading in the apical 1/2 or 2/3, becoming purple in strong sun. The scarious margins deflexed, erose.
Ray flowers - Absent. Disk flowers - Flowers +/-30 per head. Corolla tube 5-7mm long, glabrous externally, pubescent at the base internally, whitish at the base, pinkish near the apex, expanding toward the apex, 5-lobed. Lobes purplish-pink, acute, spreading, 2-2.5mm long, 1mm broad. Stamens 5, adnate near the basal 1/3 of the corolla tube. Filaments white, pubescent, 1-1.4mm long, compressed. Anthers brownish, connate around the style, 3-4mm long, partially exserted. Style white in lower 1/3, purple in apical 2/3, glabrous, divided for the apical 2/3, to 1.3cm long. Stigmas spreading. Achenes white in flower, 3mm long, densely antrorse pubescent. Pappus of many capillary bristles. Bristles barbellate, 6-8mm long, white with purple apices.
Flowering - August to November. Habitat - Dry areas of prairies, glades, meadows, open woods, roadsides, railroads. Also cultivated. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a very popular species of Liatris. The plant is frequent in the habitats mentioned above and is becoming quite popular in cultivation. This is also an easy species to identify in the field because of its distinct phyllaries. No other species in Missouri has the spreading, scarious-margined phyllaries of L. aspera. Steyermark lists two forms for the species. Form aspera, shown above, has pink to rose disk flowers. Form benkei has white disk flowers and is much less common. A synonym for the plant is L. scariosa Willd. - Gates
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Fabaceae Stems - To 1m tall, herbaceous, erect, terete, from a woody caudex, glabrescent at the base, weakly striate, antrorse appressed pubescent apically (the pubescence more dense on the striations), mostly simple but laterally branching at anthesis.
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, petiolate, trifoliolate. Stipules needle-like, reddish-brown, 4-5mm long, antrorse appressed pubescent. Swollen portion at the base of the petioles to 1.2mm long. Petioles and rachis antrorse appressed pubescent. Leaflets linear-oblong to linear-elliptic, +3 times longer than broad, entire, mucronate, with a single midrib, to +/-4cm long, +/-1cm broad, dull green adaxially, silvery-green abaxially, entirely antrorse appressed pubescent above and below. Inflorescence - Axillary compact panicles to +/-1.5cm long. Each division of the inflorescence subtended by pair of needle-like bracts resembling the stipules of the leaves. Pedicels to 1.5mm long, antrorse pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous, pinkish to purplish or sometimes whitish. Standard to 4mm broad, with darker purple splotches at the base. Keels connate basally and adnate to the wing petals basally, glabrous. Stamens diadelphous, white, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .1mm long. Ovary green, pubescent. Style upcurved at the apex, pubescent, to 3mm long in flower. Calyx green, weakly bilabiate, antrorse appressed pubescent. Tube to 1.1mm long. Upper lip 2-lobed. Lower lip 3-lobed. All lobes triangular-attenuate, longest to 1.2mm long.
Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Rocky and dry open woods, gravel stream banks, thickets, prairies, bluffs, glades, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This common species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant and its seeds are eaten by a variety of wildlife and livestock. It can be identified by its leaves, which are 3 times longer than broad and pubescent on both surfaces, and its compact flowering clusters. Another species, L. intermedia (S. Wats.) Britt., can be very similar but has leaves which are either glabrous or, more commonly, only pubescent on the midrib and the leaf tissue within 1-2mm of the midrib. L. intermedia grows south of the Missouri River but can be found growing right next to L. virginica where the two plants overlap in range.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Fabaceae Stems - Prostrate, sprawling or erect, to 40cm tall, retrorse pubescent, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, trifoliolate. Leaflets with obvious striate venation, minutely toothed or entire, glabrous or minutely pubescent, ovate to oblong, to 2cm long. Petioles retrorse pubescent, to 3mm long. Stipules equaling or longer than petioles, brown, striate, glabrous.
Inflorescence - 1-5 flowers in axillary racemes. Flowers - Corolla pink, purple and white, 5-8mm long, papilionaceous. Stamens diadelphous. Calyx tubular, pubescent. Pod to 4mm long, with a single seed.
Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Fields, pastures, open woods, streambanks, roadsides, railroads, waste ground, disturbed sites. Also cultivated. Origin - Native to Asia. Other info. - This plant is a favorite feed amongst "Horse folk" and cattle farmers. It was brought to this country around 1850 and has spread rapidly. The plant has both conspicuous chasmogamous flowers and diminutive cleistogamous flowers, both of which are fertile. The flowers are actually quite striking up close but the plant is basically too small to have much ornamental value. L. striata is very similar to another species, L. stipulacea Maxim., but the latter has antrorse hairs on the stem as opposed to the retrorse hairs of L. striata.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Fabaceae Stems - Multiple from base, from a taproot, erect to ascending or decumbent, herbaceous, purplish, branching, to 45cm long or tall, antrorse strigose (sometimes only in lines from beneath leaf petiole). Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate, trifoliolate. Stipules membranaceous, tan, drying quickly, ovate-lanceolate, striate-nerved, to +8mm long, 3-4mm broad at base, acuminate, glabrous, mostly entire but often with a few very minute teeth at the apex. Petiole green but with a red base, antrorse strigose, to +/-5mm long. Petiolules to 1mm long, reddish, antrorse pubescent. Leaflets obovate, to 15mm long, 8-9mm broad, mostly entire, truncate to rounded at the apex, mucronate, ciliate-margined, glabrous above, with a few cilia on midrib below, with distinctive striate venation.
Inflorescence - Axillary flowers in crowded lateral branches. Pedicels 1-1.5mm long, green, with a few cilia or not. Calyx subtended by 3 minute bracts. Bracts ovate, greenish-white, entire, 1mm long, .6mm broad. Flowers - Calyx green, bilabiate. Calyx tube to 2mm long, glabrous. Lower 3 lobes rounded at apex, 1mm long, .8mm broad. Upper lobe 1.1mm long and broad, slightly notched at apex, broadest at the apex. All lobes glabrous.
Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Dry open woods, waste places, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Asia. Other info. - This little species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is a nasty invasive and should not be willingly spread. L. stipulacea was brought to North America in 1919 as cover crop and fodder for cattle and has spread quickly. Wildlife enjoys eating its small fruits. L. stipulacea is very much like another species, L. striata (Thunb.) H. & A., but differs in having antrorse hairs on its stems. L. striata has retrorse hairs on its stems.
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