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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To 1.5m tall, erect to reclining with age, herbaceous, branching, multiple from base, from taproot, arachnoid pubescent above, slightly scabrous, striate.
Leaves - Main cauline leaves alternate, deeply pinnatifid, (many lobes divided again), to +/-12cm long, +/-7cm broad. Ultimate divisions mucronate, scabrous, entire, oblong. Leaves in upper portions of stem greatly reduced, mostly undivided, scabrous, typically arachnoid pubescent, mucronate, linear to oblong.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating stem in a loose paniculiform arrangement of the upper 1/2 of stems. Involucre - To 1.2cm tall(long), 7-8mm in diameter, ovoid to slightly urcreolate in shape. Phyllaries with prickle tips, imbricate, with some arachnoid pubescence, dark brown to black in upper half, green in lower half. Margins pectinate.
Ray flowers - Absent. Disk flowers - Outermost flowers enlarged, sterile, 5-lobed. Lobes to 8mm long. Innermost flowers 5-lobed, whitish to pinkish, fertile. Lobes to 4mm long. Anthers pinkish-rose, exserted, connate around style, 2-3mm long. Achenes to 3.5mm long, brown to blackish in fruit, ridged, glabrous to sparse pilose. Pappus of short bristles to 2mm long. Flowering - June - August. Habitat - Waste ground, rocky ground, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This plant is considered a pest almost every place it grows outside of cultivation. It is most common in the southern and especially the southwestern portions of Missouri. At first glance the large sterile disk flowers appear to be ligules, but a quick second look will prove otherwise. The plant grows tall and gets very thin and open, much like in the large picture above.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To +2m tall, herbaceous, erect, glabrous to arachnoid pubescent, from taproot, often branching, winged(from extended leaf bases). Wings with spiny margins.
Leaves - Basal leaves in a rosette, to +40 cm long, oblong, elliptic, or lanceolate, variously lobed, spiny-margined, glabrous to arachnoid pubescent. Cauline leaves alternate, variously lobed, spiny-margined, sessile with bases decurrent on stem and forming wings, glabrous to arachnoid pubescent. Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating stem. Head usually nodding, 5-8cm broad. Involucre - Outer phyllaries spine-tipped, lanceolate, typically recurved, reflexed or spreading, greenish purple, with prominent midvein, to +1.3cm long, +1cm broad at base. Inner phyllaries with weak spine or none, erect to spreading, purple, with prominent midvein. Phyllaries mostly glabrous or with arachnoid pubescence at base.
Ray flowers - Absent. Disk flowers - Corolla dark pink, to +1.5cm long, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, mostly included. Style exserted well beyond corolla, pinkish to lilac at apex. Achenes glabrous, 4mm long, striped. Pappus of capillary bristles.
Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Pastures, prairies, waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This is a very aggressive species which spreads rapidly because of the large number of achenes produced by each plant. The fruit can travel great distances with the wind because of the large, silky pappus. The nodding nature of the mature flower heads gives rise to the species name. "nutans" which means "nodding". This plant can be seen along the sides of virtually every road in the state during the summer. A plan to eradicate the plant is underway using a beetle, a Curculionid I think, who's larva eats the fruits of the plant before they mature. I have seen the larvae in action and they do inflict some serious damage.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Orchidaceae Stems - From an undivided corm. Stems to +/-65cm tall, erect, herbaceous, terete, green, glabrous, simple, single from the base. Leaves - One well developed leaf per stem. Other leaves reduced and scale-like. Large leaf linear, acute, entire, +/-20cm long, 1cm broad, glabrous, sheathing at the base, with expressed veins below which create a somewhat pleated appearance.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme to +20cm tall (long). Axis slightly zig-zag, glabrous. Each flower subtended by a subulate scale. Scales acute, to +/-5mm long. Flower sessile.
Flowers - Floral tube to +/-1cm long, glabrous, green to purplish. Sepals and petals pink to purplish, glabrous. Sepals acute, to +2cm long, +1cm broad, the upper 2 somewhat oblique. Lower sepal oblong to narrowly elliptic. Upper lip of the corolla hinged, deflexed, with white, yellow and orange hairs at the apex, to -2cm broad, broadest at the apex, -2cm long, with two small basal lobes. Lobes acute, 2-3mm long. Column arched and protruding from the rest of the flower, to 2cm long, stout, winged near the apex and 7-8mm broad, darker than the rest of the flower near the apex. Lateral petals to 2.2cm long, oblong-elliptic.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Malvaceae Stems - Procumbent to ascending or sprawling, hirsute and with stellate hairs, scabrous, herbaceous, to +80cm long, purplish below, green above, from a taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate. Stipules auriculate, clasping, to 2cm long, 2cm broad, ovate or lanceolate, glabrous, with ciliate margins. Petioles to +10cm long, reduced upward, hirsute and stellate pubescent, strigose, weakly 3-sided. Blade palmately 3-5-lobed, to +/-15cm broad. Lobes often divided again. Ultimate divisions entire, acute, strigose above and below with some stellate pubescence below.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers on long(+15cm) peduncles. Peduncles hirsute, strigose. Flowers closely subtended by 3 linear-oblong bracts. Bracts ciliate-margined, +/-2cm long, with involute margins, not distinctly separated from calyx. Flowers - Corolla +6cm in diameter. Petals 5, deep rose-pink with white at very base, free for most of length but united to stamen column, +3cm long, +2cm broad, glabrous, blunt to emarginate at apex. Stamen column 1.3cm tall(long). Filaments deep rose-pink. Anthers pale yellow. Styles 1cm long, deep rose-pink, at first hidden by stamen column. Ovary of 15-20 carpels in a ring to 5mm in diameter. Calyx deeply 5-lobed. Tube to 3mm long. Lobes to -2cm long, lanceolate but involute in upper half, with prominent white venation, hirsute to pilose, greenish near apex, purplish-green near base, ciliate-margined, tomentose internally near base. Fruit ring to 10mm broad, 1 seed per carpel.
Flowering - March - August. Habitat - Prairies, open woods, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a striking plant with bright flowers which only last a day and then dry to a more purple color. It is gaining popularity in cultivation and is easy to grow. Like I've mentioned before, this family typically has flower parts in multiples of five, (the carpels, for example), and that along with the recognition of the stamen column is a good way to start recognizing the family.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Malvaceae Stems - To 1.5m tall, from a thick corm, erect, herbaceous, branching in the inflorescence, single from the base, glabrous, glaucous, terete, 5-6mm in diameter, stout.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, palmately compound. Petioles reduced upward, to +/-38cm long, glaucous, terete, glabrous or sparse pubescent (the hairs with pustulate bases and giving the petiole a scabrous texture). Blades palmately divided into 3-8 main segments (the segments divided again). Ultimate divisions of the lowest leaves to 5mm broad, entire, with anastomosing veins, ciliate near the base, acute, linear. Upper leaves with the ultimate divisions becoming filiform, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Loose elongate panicles terminating the stems. Peduncles to +/-10cm long, glabrous, thin, expanding with age. Flowers - Corolla deeply 5-lobed. Lobes 1.5-2cm long, 1.3cm broad, obovate, rounded to truncate at the apex, glabrous, wine-colored, glabrous except for two tufts of white hairs at the base, joined at the base and forming the staminal column of the flower. Staminal column +/-1cm long, pubescent, whitish. The free portion of the filaments to 2-3mm long. Anthers pinkish, -1mm long. Styles +/-15, white, united in the basal 1/4, glabrous, +/-1cm long, not much exceeding the anther column but surrounded by it. Ovary light green, 3mm broad in flower (quickly expanding in fruit), typically 15-carpellate, one ovule per carpel. Calyx tube campanulate, 5mm long, 5-lobed, glabrous. Lobes acute to acuminate, 5-7mm long, +/-3mm broad at the base, 3-nerved, with minute glands externally (use lens to see), densely lanate on the margins internally (otherwise glabrous internally). Calyx accrescent.
Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Rocky prairies, glades, meadows. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This striking prairie species can be found mainly in the southwest corner of Missouri but is also found in a handful of other scattered counties. The plant is easy to identify because of its palmately divided leaves, glabrous and glaucous stems, erect habit, and wine-colored flowers. This is a perennial species which would make and excellent garden subject. It grows well from seed.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Malvaceae Stems - To +50cm tall, erect, herbaceous, from thickened roots, typically multiple from base, branching, scabrous with appressed 4-rayed hairs, the hairs running parallel to the axis of the stem.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate, antrorse appressed pubescent. Stipules ovate, 5-6mm long, 3mm broad, ciliate-margined but otherwise glabrous to sparse pubescent. Petioles of cauline leaves typically shorter than the leaf blades or absent. Lowest leaves ovate, lobed to unlobed, crenate-serrate, +/-5cm long, +/-4cm broad. Upper leaves typically 5-7 palmately divided. Ultimate leaf divisions linear to oblong.
Inflorescence - Flowers typically solitary from the upper leaf axils but also in short racemes or corymbs. Peduncles to +7cm long, appressed pubescent. Flowers - Corolla 2.5-3cm broad, pinkish to whitish. Petals 5, united at base and connate with stamen column, truncate at slightly fimbriate at apex, to +/-1.5cm long, +/-1cm broad, glabrous. Stamen column -1cm long(tall). Filaments and anthers whitish. Style branches apparent after anthers are spent, white. Ovary of 10-15 carpels. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, antrorse appressed pubescent. Calyx tube to 5mm long. Lobes acuminate, +5mm long, alternating with petals, 3mm broad at base.
Flowering - May - August. Habitat - Prairies, grassy fields, waste ground, open woods, roadsides. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species is a small, non-striking plant, but the flowers are nice. The plant can be found in scattered counties throughout Missouri. The flowers may often appear whitish but always seem to have at least a tinge of pink to them. This species prefers to grow in areas of full sun.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To 2m tall, herbaceous, branching, greenish to reddish-purple, sparse arachnoid pubescent to glabrous, from stout taproot. Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petiole sparse arachnoid pubescent, with adaxial groove, to +40cm long, typically hollow. Basal leaves very large, to +60 cm long. Cauline leaves reduced upward, truncate or cordate at base, ovate, with arachnoid pubescence below, puberulent above. Margins sinuous to undulate or commonly crisped.
Inflorescence - Loose pedunculate cymes of 1-4 flowers in upper leaf axils and terminating stems. Peduncles tomentose. Involucre - (In flower) - To 1.3cm long(tall), +1cm in diameter, urceolate. Phyllaries linear-attenuate, uncinate and reddish at apex, to 1.5cm long, mostly glabrous but strigillose on margins near base. Involucre becoming slightly enlarged and globose in fruit.
Ray flowers - Absent. Disc flowers - Corolla tube to 1cm long, constricted and white below, rose-pink above, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, 1.3mm long, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate at apex of constricted portion of corolla tube. Filaments white, glabrous, 3.5mm long. Anthers purple, connate around atyle, exserted, 3mm long. Style bifurcate, white, pubescent at base of stigmas. Achenes to 2.5mm long in flower(6mm in fruit), whitish, angled, glabrous(slightly rugose in fruit). Pappus of short barbellate bristles to -2mm long, white. Receptacle flat, with dense chaff. Chaff filiform, white, to 1cm long.
Flowering - July - September. Habitat - Pastures, roadside ditches, low woods, streambanks. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This is an unmistakable species in Missouri. The dense uncinate phyllaries of the involucre are an excellent characteristic for identification. The large basal leaves are usually withered by anthesis. Don't get to close to the plant as the fruiting heads grab onto nearly everything.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Malvaceae Stems - To 3m tall, erect, herbaceous, stout, typically simple, from taproot, ribbed, glabrous to densely stellate pubescent.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +15cm long, scabrous, stellate pubescent. Blades to +20cm broad and long, shallow 3-5-lobed, crenate, rugose and stellate pubescent above, much more pubescent below, venation prominent below. Inflorescence - Terminal raceme to +50cm long(tall). Flowers each subtended by serrate stipules. Teeth of stipules with forked ciliate margins, acute. Pedicel to +1cm long, densely stellate pubescent. Involucre subtending the calyx densely stellate pubescent externally, glabrous internally, not exceeding the calyx. Each bract of involucre with 6-7 teeth.
Flowers - Corolla typically deep rose or wine colored, yellowish at base, to +/- 10cm broad. Petals 5, joined at base to stamen column, glabrous except for marginal floccose hairs at base internally. Stamens many, combined into a column with anthers at the apex. Free portion of filaments whitish, glabrous, 2-3mm long. Styles united basally for about 1/2 their length, exceeding the staminal column, glabrous. Ovary of +/-50 carpels, 5-sided in cross section. Calyx 5-lobed, densely stellate pubescent externally, glabrous internally. Lobes acute, +/-2cm long.
Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Cultivated, rarely escaping to waste ground and disturbed sites. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This species is easy to grow and very popular in cultivation in Missouri. The corolla, while typically a pinkish-rose color, may be anywhere from whitish to deep purple. The carpels of plants in this family are typically situated in a ring like fashion and are in multiples of 5. There is usually one seed (ovule) per carpel.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Liliaceae Stems - Bulbs to 3-4cm long, with a papery outer coating and slightly thickened roots. Aerial stems to +/-50cm tall, erect, terete, glabrous, sometimes glaucous, bent at the apex when immature, becoming erect with age, green.
Leaves - All basal or near the base, non extending more than 1/3 up from the base of the plant, to 40cm long, 5mm broad or less, present during anthesis, light green. Inflorescence - Terminal umbel with +/-50 flowers, nodding when immature. Pedicels much longer than the flowers, glabrous, purplish in strong sun, to +2cm long.
Flowers - Perianth pink, spreading, 6-parted. The tepals to 7mm long, elliptic, typically acute at the apex, glabrous. Stamens 6, erect, exserted beyond the perianth parts. Filaments terete, pink, glabrous. Anthers yellow when fresh, quickly becoming brown. Style pink, terete, glabrous, shorter than or equaling the stamens.
Flowering - July - November. Habitat - Glades, bluffs, open dry woods, roadsides. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This showy species can be found in the Ozark region of Missouri. It is the latest blooming onion in Missouri and is easy to identify in the field. The papery-covered bulb, pink flowers, and flat, persistent leaves are good characters to look for. A. stellatum can sometimes be confused with another plant, A. cernuum Roth, because both can have nodding inflorescences (cernuum means "nodding"). The inflorescence of A. stellatum only nods when it is immature and will become erect with time. The difference between the two plants is in the flowers. A. stellatum has a spreading and open perianth. The perianth of A. cernuum is campanulate (shaped like a bell).
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