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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月18日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Papaveraceae Stems - Thick subterranean rhizome, branching, with blood red sap. Roots fibrous to slightly thickened.
Leaves - Leaves produced from each end of the rhizome. At anthesis the leaves are typically shorter than the pedicel of the flower. Petiole elongating to +/-17cm long, glabrous. Blades lobed or not, glaucous abaxially, dull green adaxially, glabrous, +12cm broad, 10cm long. Inflorescence - Single flower produced just before or with the new seasons leaf. Peduncle to +11cm long in flower, glabrous, expanding in fruit to +15cm long, typically exserted from between the cordate base of the leaf.
Flowers - Petals typically 8 (4 being slightly larger then the others), white, oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, glabrous, entire, to 3cm long, -1cm broad. Stamens many. Filaments 5-10mm long. Anthers yellow, 2-2.5mm long. Style very short (1mm long). Stigma 2-lobed. Capsules to +3cm long, 1cm in diameter, glabrous, beaked, unilocular. Placentation parietal. Seeds keeled, 10-15 per capsule.
Flowering - March - April. Habitat - Base of bluffs, ravines, rich or rocky woods, bottoms, limestone outcrops. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is one the most popular and easily recognizable wildflowers in North America. It can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is most often seen in fruit rather than in flower because the striking flowers are very short lived. The fruits develop quickly after the flowers have wilted. The rhizome of this species bleeds a red sap when injured, hence the common name of the plant, "Bloodroot." Licking the root causes an instant burning sensation on the tounge and lips. Some people have experienced tunnel vision from licking the root a bit too much. This species was used widely by natives to treat a variety of ailments. Juice from the rhizome was used as an appetite stimulant and a sedative. A tea from the root was used to treat rheumatism, asthma, fevers, and other bronchial ailments. Many other modern remedies have been made from the plant also, this has led to its decline in areas where plant hunters seek to collect wild plants for profit. Please do not pick this species from the wild. It will grow from seed. The species contains the alkaloid sanguinarine which has shown antiseptic, anticancer, and anesthetic properties. It is used in mouthwash and toothpaste as an plaque inhibitor.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月18日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Primulaceae Stems - Multiple from base, erect, branching, glabrous, terete, from fibrous roots, light green, herbaceous, to 30cm tall.
Leaves - Alternate. Lowest leaves tapered at base to a petiole. Petioles to 1.5cm long. Blades spatulate, entire, light green, subacute at apex, glabrous. Entire leaf to +/-7cm long, -4cm broad. Upper cauline leaves slightly more narrow and nearly sessile. Inflorescence - Axillary racemes to +/-7cm long. Pedicels typically jointed, with a small subulate bract at joint, to +1.2cm long in fruit, shorter in flower, spreading. Axis and pedicels glabrous.
Flowers - Corolla white, 5-lobed, +/-3mm broad, glabrous. Corolla tube .5mm long. Lobes truncate to emarginate at apex. Staminodia alternating with corolla lobes, white, .4mm long, 1-5 in number. Stamens 5, opposite corolla lobes, adnate near base of corolla tube. Filaments white, .2-.3mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .2mm broad. Style short, .1mm long, glabrous. Ovary partially inferior, unilocular. Placentation free-central. Ovules many. Calyx tube green, glabrous, .7mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes triangular, glabrous, 1mm long. Calyx accrescent, forming a toothed capsule to 3mm in diameter in fruit. Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Streambanks, seeps, low wet woods, lake and pond margins. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This little species can be found mostly in the lower 1/2 of Missouri. The flowers are minute, (parviflorus), and the plant is fairly indistinct. The plants habitat and its large, open racemes are good characteristics to use for identification. Grazing wildlife sometimes feed on the plant.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Rosaceae Stems - Trailing, with few hooked or straight prickles to +/-1.5mm long, otherwise glabrous, thin, terete. Leaves - Appearing to rise from the sides of the stem, alternate, trifoliolate, petiolate, stipulate. Petioles to +/-3cm long, with few retrorse prickles, lanate, with single longitudinal dorsal groove. Stipules +/-1cm long, +/-5mm broad, entire or with a few coarse teeth, glabrous or sparse pubescent above, lanate below, margins ciliate. Leaflets 3. Lateral leaflets coarsely serrate, oblique at base, sessile, with sparse pubescence above, pubescent below. Terminal leaflet with stalk to 6mm long, broadest at or above the middle, base cuneate, sparse pubescent above, pubescent below, obovate to oblanceolate, coarse serrate.
Inflorescence - Terminal, few-flowered loose cymes. Pedicels to +/-4cm long, lanate. Flowers - Petals 5, white, glabrous, distinct, spreading, to +/-2cm long, +/-1cm broad, obtuse at apex. Stamens many(+75). Filaments to +6mm long, white, glabrous. Carpels many. Hypanthium short, 1-1.5mm long, densely lanate. Sepals 5, narrowly ovate, green with whitish margins, densely lanate internally, lanate externally, subequal, to +6mm long, 3.5mm broad, apiculate, spreading to reflexed.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Rocky open woods, rocky slopes, thickets, fields, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is just one of the 16 or so blackberries found in this state. All produce the familiar black aggregate fruit we love to eat. Most plants in the genus are difficult to tell apart but these trailing species are a bit easier.
Steyermark gives two varieties for the species, one with three forms, but I won't go into these here.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Rosaceae Stems - Erect or arching, to +2.5m long (tall). Primocanes deep green with a reddish-brownish tinge, with straight prickles to 1cm long, appressed pubescent or glabrous. Floricanes reddish-green with similar prickles to primocanes or with prickles more hooked, appressed pubescent or glabrous. All stems with vertical grooves creating an almost angled appearance.
Leaves - Alternate, typically trifoliolate on floricanes, with 5 leaflets on primocanes. Leaflets serrate, ovate to oval, tapering at both ends or cordate at base, upper surface pubescent, lower surface pubescent mostly on midrib and viens but also on leaf tissue. Middle leaflet larger than lateral leaflets. Petiole with hooked prickles. Stipules at base of petioles linear, +/- 1cm long.
Inflorescence - Racemose, to 15cm long (tall), cylindrical in outline, typically with 9-14 flowers. Racemes exerted beyond the leaves not hidden amongst them. Flowers - White, to +2.5cm broad with 5 distinct petals and many stamens. Pedicels hairy with some gland-tipped pubescence, with a small bract at the base. Fruit - An aggregate fruit, shiny dark purple to black color, to +2cm long.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Shaded woods, rich soils, thickets. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - Species of this genus are sometimes very difficult to identify. The very similar R. orarius Blanch. has leaflets which are glabrous below and more ovate to roundish. The racemes of R. orarius are also more ovate in shape instead of cylindrical. Both species provide a delicious "blackberry" we love to eat.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Fabaceae Stems - Woody, single. A tree to +15m tall. Bark tan to light grayish. Paired spines present on younger branches. New seasons growth angled, sparsely pubescent.
Leaves - Alternate, odd-pinnate, typically with 7-19 leaflets. Leaflets oval to elliptic, opposite, glabrous when mature, entire, to +2cm long, +1.5cm broad. Inflorescence - Drooping Axillary racemes to +15cm long. Typically 20-30 flowers per raceme. Peduncle and pedicles pubescent. Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous, 2cm long and tall. Standard to 1.8cm broad and long, with yellowish spot in center. Stamens diadelphous, tube to 1.4cm long. Anthers orange, -1mm long. Ovary green, flattened, 1.5cm long, 1.1mm broad. Style 6.5mm long, pubescent at apex, upcurving near apex. Calyx tubular, bilabiate, sparsely to moderately pubescent, green mottled with red. Upper lip 3-4mm long, notched at apex. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes 2.5mm long. Fruits compressed, +1cm wide, +/- 7cm long.
Flowering - May - June. Habitat - Slopes, pastures, open woods, streambanks, roadsides. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This tree is very common and is easily noticed when flowering. The flowers have a pleasant fragrance but each cluster only last a few days. My dad, who is the master of all things green and growing, recognized it from his days in Europe, where the tree also grows.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Rosaceae Stems - To +2m tall, multiple from base, woody, branching. New seasons growth lanate-tomentose, green, becoming purplish-brown with maturity.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate. Stipules at base of new leaves, 3mm long, linear. Petiole to 5mm long, lanate-tomentose. Blade obovate to elliptic, serrulate, acute to acuminate, deep green above, paler below, to +7cm long, +4cm broad, glabrous above but with dark red glands on midrib, lanate to pubescent below.
Inflorescence - Termnal cymose panicle on new seasons growth, to 5cm broad, +5cm long, appearing with the new seasons leaves. Pedicels densely lanate, +/-1cm long. Flowers - Corolla rotate, 1.5cm broad. Petals 5, white, clawed, glabrous. Claw to 1.2mm long. Limb orbicular, 5mm in diameter. Stamens +/-20. Filaments white, glabrous, 4mm long, anthers pinkish to rose, .9mm long and broad. Style 5-parted, reddish-brown at apex, whitish below, 4mm long. Ovary inferior, 5-locular. Receptacle lanate. Hypanthium -2mm long(tall), 3.5mm broad, campanulate, lanate. Sepals 5, 2mm long, 2mm broad at base, triangular. Fruits deep brownish-red to black, globose, 5-8mm in diameter, many seeded.
Flowering - April - July. Habitat - Low woods, moist to wet ground, also cultivated. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species is widely cultivated throughout Missouri but is found wild in only one southeastern county. It is an easy species to identify because of its showy flower clusters and blackish fruits. The fruits aren't really eaten much by wild animals, hence you will find them on the tree after the leaves have fallen and well into winter.
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