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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月19日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - Herbaceous, erect, to +60cm tall, from a thick caudex, simple below but branching in the apical 1/2 (inflorescence), terete, 2-4mm n diameter, typically multiple from the base, glabrescent at the base, scabrous and pubescent in the apical 1/2, with many small antrorse multicellular (use a lens to see) trichomes, light green and often with darker green vertical striations.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Lowest leaves long petiolate. Petioles narrowly winged by decurrent leaf tissue, mostly glabrous. Blades linear-elliptic, with a few coarse but shallow teeth or entire, somewhat scabrous from the thickened bases of the hairs, antrorse strigillose on the margins. Leaf and petiole combined to +15cm long, 1cm broad. Cauline leaves reduced upward, becoming scale-like in the inflorescence. All leaves with a cartilaginous margin approximately .1mm broad. Light from underneath to see this. Inflorescence - Corymbose arrangement of flower heads. Peduncles bracteate with reduced leaves, often with some arachnoid pubescence. Involucre -To +/-6mm long and broad, cupulate to cylindric. Phyllaries imbricate, appressed, oblong, acute at the apex, to 5mm long, 1.4mm broad, glabrous externally, with a few appressed hairs or glabrous internally. Margins entire or minutely ciliolate, mostly scarious in the middle portion, with darker green apices, pale at the base.
Ray flowers - +/-12 per flower head, pistillate, fertile. Ligules glabrous, white, 5-7mm long, 2-3mm broad. Corolla tube white, +/-2mm long, glabrous. Pistil glabrous, becoming purple towards the apex, to 2.7mm long, bifurcate at the apex for +/-.4mm. Achene to +1mm long in flower, white, glabrous. Pappus of numerous capillary bristles. Bristles white, barbellate, -5mm long. Disk flowers - Disk 6mm broad, with many flowers. Corolla 4mm long, pale yellow in the apical 1/2, greenish basally, glabrous externally and internally, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, .5mm long, erect to slightly spreading. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the corolla tube. Filaments translucent, 2-2.2mm long, glabrous, compressed. Anthers connate around the style, 1.5-1.9mm long, yellow, drying to brown. Style to 4mm long, greenish-translucent, glabrous, bifurcate in the apical 1mm. The stigmas erect. Achenes glabrous, ribbed, 1-1.3mm long in flower, greenish-white. Pappus of capillary bristles. Bristles barbellate, to 4mm long, white. Receptacle flat, naked, -2mm broad. Flowering - July - September. Habitat - Rocky prairies, glades, bluffs, rocky open woods. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This small species of Solidago can be found in the Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is unusual for a Goldenrod as the flowers are white instead of the typical yellow, and the flower heads are quite large for a Solidago. Because of these characteristics, the plant used to belong to the genus Aster. The old name was Aster ptarmicoides (Nees) T. & G.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月19日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Solanaceae Stems - Erect to ascending or trailing, herbaceous, from thin taproot, fragrant (pungent sweet scent), to +/-40cm long (tall), densely glandular hirsute, angled, divergent, viscid.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-3.5cm long, dense glandular pubescent(hirsute), winged. Wing to +1mm broad. Blade ovate, to 8cm long, 6cm broad, glandular pubescent, acute, with tissue abruptly contracted at base and then decurrent on petiole. Margins irregularly sinuate to dentate.
Inflorescence - Flowers in clusters (umbels) of up to 4 flowers from side of stems near nodes. Peduncles 5-6mm long, glandular pubescent (hirsute). Pedicels to 6mm long, glandular pubescent (hirsute). Flowers - Corolla white, to 8mm broad, glabrous internally, glandular pubescent externally, with 5 shallow lobes. Lobes triangular, 2mm long. Stamens 5, adnate about in upper 1/3 of corolla tube. Filaments 1mm long, greenish, glabrous. Anthers yellow, connivent around style, -2mm long. Style 2.6mm long, densely pubescent near at stigma. Ovary green, glabrous, 1.2mm in diameter, subglobose. Calyx tube to 1.5mm long, densely glandular pubescent(hirsute), 5-lobed. Lobes spreading, to 2.5mm long, acute, dense glandular hirsute internally and externally. Calyx accrescent. Berries globose, green to blackish, translucent, many seeded, to +7mm in diameter, halfway covered(or more) by persistent calyx.
Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Waste ground, glades, open rocky woods, railroads. Origin - Native to South America. Other info. - Good characteristics for identifying this species in the field are the calyx-covered fruits, the white spreading corolla, the viscid, densely glandular hirsute stems, and the ovate, irregularly sinuate leaves. The plant is uncommon in Missouri but is spreading. The species is probably toxic but the fruits are eaten by some birds.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月19日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Solanaceae Stems - To 1m tall but typically shorter, armed with spines, pubescent with spreading and stellate hairs, greenish to purple, from thick rhizome, herbaceous, erect.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petiole to +/-2cm long, spiny. Blade to +20cm long, +7cm broad, typically lance-ovate in outline, often lobed, with spines on midrib and veins, stellate pubescent. Inflorescence - Axillary racemes (sometimes branching) compact in flower but quickly elongating in fruit to +/-20cm long. Pedicels +/-1cm long, stellate pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla white to lilac or purple at anthesis, drying darker, 5-lobed, to 3cm broad, stellate pubescent externally, glabrous internally. Stamens 5, alternating with corolla lobes, adnate at base of corolla tube, erect. Filaments yellowish-green, 2mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 7-8mm long, 2mm broad, loosely connivent around style or not. Style greenish, glabrous, -1.5cm long. Stigma dark green. Ovary superior, glandular pubescent, whitish, 2mm in diameter, 2-locular. Placentation axile. Ovules many. Calyx deeply 5-lobed. Calyx tube to 3mm long, purplish-green, stellate pubescent. Lobes lance-acuminate, 7-8mm long, 2-3mm broad at base, stellate pubescent, entire, scarious in basal half. Fruits yellowish, globose, +/- 1.5cm in diameter.
Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, pastures, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - The flowers of this species are fairly showy. They can range in color from white to purple. The plant is toxic and the spines can be painful if the plant is handled carelessly. Steyermark lists two forms for the species. Form albiflorum Benke has white flowers and is shown above. Form carolinense has purple-blue or violet petals. Both forms are common in Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月19日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Solanaceae Stems - To 1m tall, erect, herbaceous but can be fairly stout, widely branching, green but often purplish in strong sun, from thickened roots, mostly glabrous but with some strigose hairs on the newest growth, terete or angled, minutely winged from decurrent petiole tissue. Wings to .5mm broad, scabrous from strigose hairs and their enlarged bases.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-4cm long, winged by decurrent blade tissue or not. Blades typically ovate, acute, with wavy margins or a few coarse teeth (the teeth with rounded apices), to +/-10cm long, +/-7cm broad, sparse strigose above and below, deep dull green above, light green below. Inflorescence - Loose pedunculate umbels or corymbs from the sides of the stem in the internodes. Peduncles to 3cm long, strigose, erect. Pedicels to 1cm long, strigose, spreading to erect in flower, nodding in fruit.
Flowers - Corolla white, 5-lobed, 1cm broad, glabrous. Lobes lanceolate-triangular, 4-5mm long, +/-2mm broad. Corolla tube green, -2mm long, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, erect, exserted. Filaments green, 1-1.3mm long, with some cilia on margins. Anthers yellow, 2mm long, converging around the style. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, ovoid, 1.2mm long in flower. Style green, glabrous in the apical half, hispidulous in the basal half, 3mm long. Stigma globose-capitate. Calyx tube green, 1mm long, antrorse strigose externally, glabrous internally, 5-lobed. Lobes 2-3mm long, somewhat unequal, 1-1.3mm broad, subacute at the apex, subulate to linear-oblong. Fruit a globose berry to +/-7mm in diameter, blackish when mature, shiny or not. Seeds many.
Flowering - May - November. Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, open woods, pastures, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a very common toxic plant. It is in the same family as the tomato and potato. The plant is very variable in size and also in leaf shape but the description above is generally very good for the species. The petals of the corolla are typically white but can have shades of blue or purple. The name S. americanum is debated and S. ptycanthum Dun. ex DC. may be a better name. S. nigrum var. virginicum L. is also used.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月18日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Liliaceae Stems - To +50cm long, herbaceous, arching, simple, from a rhizome, simple, mostly glabrous but short hirsute at apex, slightly zig-zag in upper portions.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, slightly sheathing at the base, entire but with strigillose-ciliolate margins, abruptly acuminate to acute, with 3-5 main veins, elliptic-oblong, glabrous above, short pubescent on veins below, to +/-11cm long, +/-4cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal panicle to +/-7cm long in flower. Axis mostly white, hirsutulous. Pedicels to 1.5mm long. Flowers - Tepals 6, white, glabrous, spreading, to 1.5mm long. Stamens 6, erect to spreading, opposite the tepals. Filaments compressed, broadest at the base, white, glabrous, to 2mm long.Anthers pale yellow, bi-lobed, 1mm long. Ovary superior, ovoid, glabrous, white, 3-locular, -1.5mm long. Styles wanting. Placentation axile. Ovules 2 per locule. Fruit a reddish berry to 6mm in diameter.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Rich woods. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a common species throughout Missouri. The plant flourishes in the early season but tends to wilt and die off by the late summer months. Traditionally the plant was eaten and also used as a remedy for many ailments from constipation to insanity.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月18日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Apiaceae Stems - Stout, glabrous (entire plant), herbaceous, hollow, ribbed and angled, to 2m tall, slightly zig-zag in form, erect but reclining with age, branching, from thickened roots, rooting at lower nodes, with a sweet fennel fragrance.
Leaves - Alternate, odd-pinnate, petiolate to sessile. Lowest leaves to +50cm long, reduced above. Petiole to +7cm long, sheathing, ribbed or angled, with an adaxial groove. Lateral leaflets sessile, opposite, linear to lanceolate or lance-ovate, to +/-15cm long, 6cm broad, serrulate to serrate, deep green adaxially, lighter shiny-green abaxially, glabrous, acute to acuminate at apex, larger leaflets typically rounded and oblique at the base. Terminal leaflet with a petiolule to +3cm long.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary compound umbels. Peduncles to +6cm long, ribbed and angled. Primary rays to 3.5 cm long, subtended by recurved bracts, glabrous. Bracts to -2cm long, 2-3mm broad, linear-lanceolate to lance-attenuate, with scarious margins, +/-12. Umbellets with raylets to 8mm long, subtended by similar but smaller bracts than main rays. Raylets to 8mm long, glabrous. Umbellets with 25-35 flowers. Flowers - Petals 5, white, spreading, glabrous, obovate, with an inflexed apiculate apex, to 1.5mm long, 1.3mm broad. Stamens 5, alternating with petals, spreading. Filaments white, to 2mm long. Anthers whitish-pink to pink or yellow, .2mm broad. Styles 2, distinct, very short, -.2mm long, with greenish-white stylopodium. Stylopodium to 1.1mm broad. Ovary inferior, ribbed, -1mm long in flower, 1.1mm broad, compressed slightly. Fruit oval to orbicular, to 3mm long. Flowering - July - September.
Habitat - Wet areas. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This highly variable species can be found throughout Missouri in wet habitats. As seen in the pictures above, the plant is very variable and can be hard to ID in the field. The characteristics to look for are the bracts and bracteoles subtending the rays and raylets of the inflorescence and the serrulate to serrate margins of the leaflets.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月18日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - To -1m tall, erect, herbaceous, branching in he apical 1/3, hispid in the basal 1/4, glabrous and glaucous above, from a big taproot, purplish at the nodes or not, slightly angled from decurrent petiole tissue.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, odd-pinnatifid. Lowest leaves with the rachis sparse hispid, petioles purplish at the base, green and glabrous apically. Divisions of the lower leaves +/-9 per side, subulate-lanceolate, coarsely toothed or not, hispidulous, often involute, 1-1.5cm long, +/-5mm broad, thinner near the base of the leaf. Terminal divisions broader than the laterals, not folded. All divisions acute. Upper cauline leaves reduced towards the apex. Divisions of the upper leaves linear, involute, glabrous, many with smaller divisions at their bases, to +2.5cm long, +/-1mm broad, acute, entire. Rachis of upper leaves glabrous to sparse hispidulous.
Inflorescence - Terminal and lateral racemes to +/-15cm long, compact in flower, elongating quickly in fruit, axis glabrous. Pedicels 7-8mm long in flower, to 1cm long and thickened in fruit, glabrous. Flowers - Petals 4, spreading in the apical 1/2, white to yellow, spatulate, rounded at the apex, glabrous, tapering to a clawed base, 1cm long, 2-3mm broad at the apex. Stamens 6 (4 larger, 2 smaller), erect, exserted. Filaments to 5mm long, glabrous, translucent-white. Anthers -2mm long, erect and then spreading at dehiscence. Ovary cylindric, green, glabrous, to 6mm long in flower, superior, erect. Style wanting. Stigma capitate, two-lobed, 1.1mm broad. Sepals 4, spreading to erect, linear, 5-6mm long, involute, 1.3mm broad, glabrous, rounded and scarious at the apex, green. Fruits ascending, glabrous, to +/-8cm long, 1.1mm broad, angled, falcate, with a capitate (old stigma) apex.
Flowering - April - August. Habitat - Fields, pastures, roadsides, railroads, sand y and rocky open ground. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout Missouri. The plant can be identified by the filiform divisions of its cauline leaves and its fairly big flowers (can be yellow or white). The basal and lowest leaves of the plant have broader divisions and are very typical for the genus Sisymbrium.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月18日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - To +20cm tall, erect, herbaceous, from a taproot, pubescent below, less so to glabrous above, often reddish in strong sun, typically branching near the base.
Leaves - Alternate, pinnately divided (pinnatifid) with 5-14 divisions on each side of the axis, to +4cm long, +1cm broad. Petioles and rachis pubescent. Divisions of the leaves acute, reduced basally, typically entire or with a small basal lobe, subulate to lanceolate glabrous or with one or two hairs near the apex. Leaves overwintering as a basal rosette.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes, compact in flower, quickly expanding in fruit to more than 2/3 of the total plant height. Pedicels short (1-3mm) in flower, elongating to +4mm in fruit, glabrous. Flowers - Petals 4, white, distinct, to 3mm long, 1mm broad, rounded at the apex, glabrous. Stamens 6, erect. Filaments to -2mm long, glabrous, translucent-white. Anthers yellow, .2mm long. Ovary cylindric, green to purple, glabrous, 1-2mm long in flower, quickly expanding. Style wanting. Sepals 4, distinct, whitish-green to purplish in strong sun, erect, glabrous, to 2mm long, 1mm broad, oblong-lanceolate, subacute to blunt at the apex. Fruits to +2cm long, 2mm broad, glabrous, moderately compressed ascending, with a -1mm long beak, 2-valved, divided by a septum, with +/-15 seeds per valve.
Flowering - March - May. Habitat - Disturbed sites, waste ground, fallow fields, cultivated fields, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This little weedy species can be found mainly in the southern 2/3 of Missouri. The plant can be identified by its pinnately divided leaves, pubescent stems, small white flowers, and slightly compressed fruits.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月18日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Saxifragaceae Stems - From a bulbous fleshy whitish cormlike base with fibrous roots, clumping. Scape to +/-7cm tall, sparse to densely pilose,(some of the hairs with reddish glandular apices), herbaceous, erect.
Leaves - Basal, petiolate, +/-2cm long, +/-1.2cm broad, firm and crisp, often with reddish margins, glabrous and entire but with strigillose margins, ovate, rounded at apex, with slightly undulate margins. Petiole short, flattened, +/-5mm long. Inflorescence - Terminal compact capitate cluster of cymules.(Say that five times fast). Each cymule subtended by a thin linear bract. Bracts often reddish near apex. Branches of inflorescence pilose.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, distinct, glabrous, subrotund, to 3mm in diameter. Stamens 10, arising from base of petals and sepals. Filaments to 1.5mm long, glabrous, greenish-white. Anthers orange, 1mm long. Ovary inferior. 3-carpellate. Placentation axile. Ovules many. Styles 3, green, 1.3mm long. Calyx tube turbinate, 2mm long, 5-lobed, glabrous. Lobes +/-3mm long, 2mm broad, glabrous, rounded to subacute at apex, often with a minute reddish tip.
Flowering - April - May. Habitat - Sandstone glades and rocky prairies. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - Although the woodland plants are typically the harbingers of spring, this little glade plant blooms with or before all of them. The small clusters of white flowers stand out on their rocky substrata and typically the plant occurs in large colonies. This plant can be distinguished from the related S. virginiesis Michx. in that it stays small and compact even after flowering. The latter plant gets quite a bit taller and also occurs in more western counties of the state. S. texana occurs in the southeastern corner of Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月18日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Saxifragaceae Stems - Leaves and aerial stems arising from a caudex. Roots fleshy and translucent.
Leaves - Leaves in a basal rosette, spatulate, pilose above and below, less so above, tapered at the base to a reddish-purple short petiole, crenate to crenulate, rounded to acute at the apex, to +25cm long, +8cm broad. Inflorescence - Panicle of clustered cymules terminating the flowering scape. Each branch of the panicle subtended by a linear-oblong bract. Bracts reduced upward, glandular pilose abaxially, glabrous adaxially, entire. Peduncles of cymules densely glandular hirsute, the glands reddish (use a lens to see). Each division of the cymules and each flower subtended by a small bract. Pedicels of the flowers +/-2mm long in flower. glandular-hirsute as the peduncles.
Flowers - Petals 5, white to greenish, distinct, lanceolate, glabrous, acute, 5mm long, to 1.5mm broad. Stamens 10, arising at the base of the petals and sepals, distinct, spreading to erect. Filaments translucent-white, to 1.5mm long, glabrous. Anthers orange when fresh, .4-.5mm long. Styles 2, expanded greatly at the base, divided all the way to the base, recurving at the apices, to 2mm long, glabrous, green. Stigmas small, translucent. Ovary swollen, green, glabrous, partially inferior, 2-carpeled. Placentation axile. Hypanthium pale green, obconic, 2-2.5mm long, glabrous. Sepals 5, green, glabrous, spreading, to 3mm long, 1.5mm broad, subulate, with reddish apices.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Moist, north-facing sandstone bluffs. Typically on St. Peter sandstone but sometimes found on other types of sandstone. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found in the east-central portion of Missouri and is fairly exclusive to the habitat mentioned above. The plants grow directly from the sides of cracks in the sandstone or in the thin layer of litter settled upon the rock. The basal leaves of the plant emerge very early in the spring and flowering occurs about a month later. This is an easy species to identify becasue of its habitat, pilose stems, and big basal leaves.
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