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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Rosaceae Stems - To +/-15m tall, woody, typically with a single trunk, branching, pyramid in form. Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, glabrous. Petiole to +/-5cm long. Blade broadly ovate, truncate to slightly tapering at base, crenate-serrate, acuminate to acute, undulate, glabrous, to +/-7cm long, +/-5cm broad, shiny green above, light blue-green below.
Inflorescence - Flowers typically appearing before leaves on new seasons growth. Flowers in dense terminal domed to globose cymes to +/-7cm broad, +/-7cm long. Pedicels lanate to arachnoid pubescent, +/-2cm long.
Flowers - Corolla rotate, to 2.8cm broad. Petals 5, white, glabrous, orbicular, distinct, borne at edge of receptacle, +/-1cm in diameter. Stamens typically 20, exserted. Filamnets white, glabrous, to 7mm long. Anthers reddish-purple, 1.2mm long. Styles 2. Carpels 2, with 2 ovules each. Ovary inferior. Hypanthium 3-4mm tall(long), lanate to arachnoid pubescent. Sepals 5, acuminate to triangular, lanate to arachnoid pubescent, 3mm long.
Flowering - March - April. Habitat - Cultivated. Origin - Native to China (Asia). Other info. - P. calleryana is typically the first tree to bloom in the spring. The brilliant white flowers dominate the dull winter landscape of Missouri for a month or so. This species was introduced into cultivation in 1919. The "Bradford" cultivar came into cultivation in the 50's if memory serves me right. Other cultivars exsist which have different color fall foliage and different growing characteristics. Fruits can be absent to many small reddish pomes about 1cm in diameter.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Apiaceae Stems - To 60cm tall, from weak roots, erect, herbaceous, glabrous, rounded to slightly 4-angled, simple or with few branches.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, pinnately divided, glabrous, to 5cm long. Petioles to 4-5mm long, sheathing and flattened. Leaflets opposite, lowest pair often divided again (bifurcate), all leaflets filiform. Inflorescence - Terminal compound umbels. Primary rays of umbels typically 8-11, to 9mm long in flower, longer in fruit, glabrous, subtended by 3-15 unequal threadlike bracts (to +1cm long), glabrous. Umbellets of typically 5-11 flowers. Raylets to 3mm long in flower, longer in fruit, glabrous, subtended by few short threadlike bracts.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, equal, to +/-1.3mm long, 1mm broad, glabrous, apiculate to caudate and incurved at apex. Stamens 5, alternating with petals. Filaments white, .8mm long, glabrous. Anthers pinkish-rose, +/-.3mm long. Styles 2, short, with broad expanded stylopodium. Ovary inferior, 2-locular, with one ovule per locule. Sepals 5, alternating with petals, whitish, triangular-attenuate, .3mm long. Fruits 2.4mm broad, glabrous, ovoid to orbicular, with persistent sepals and styles.
Flowering - June - August. Habitat - Moist to wet prairies, swampy meadows, wet depressions of glades, wet ground along railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species is small but easy to ID in the field because of its very fine leaves, weak stems, and large umbels of flowers. It grows in moist locations which is another major factor used in identification. The plant can be found in large numbers in some areas, such as prairies. Photographs taken at the Dorris Creek Prairie Conservation Area, Barton County, MO., 7-28-00, and at Bethel Prairie, Barton County, MO., 7-4-03.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Rosaceae Stems - Tree to 30m tall with a diameter of +/-70cm. Bark silvery when young, becoming dark maroon to deep brown, scaly when young, fissured and blocky when mature. Branches reddish-brown. Twigs pungent when bruised or cut. New season's growth glabrous, green to reddish. Previous season's growth gray-brown with round to oval lenticels and black punctate dots.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-1.5cm long, glabrous. Blades to +10cm long, +4cm broad, deep shiny-green above, light-green below, serrulate, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, acute to abruptly short-acuminate, typically glabrous or with a few floccose hairs in the axils of the veins abaxially, pungent when crushed.
Inflorescence - Terminal racemes on the new season's growth. Racemes to +10cm long, +/-2cm broad. Rachis glabrous to sparse pilose, green. Pedicels glabrous, 3-6mm long, green. Flowers +/-40 per inflorescence. Flowers - Petals 5, white, spreading, clawed, 3-4mm long (total), borne at the rim of the hypanthium, distinct. The blade cupped, glabrous, orbicular, entire to slightly erose on the margins, +/-3mm broad. Claw 1mm long, glabrous. Stamens -20, of varying lengths, borne at the rim of the hypanthium, exserted. Filaments green-translucent, to 3mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 1mm long, -1mm broad. Style 1. glabrous, green, +/-2mm long, thick. Stigma captiate. Ovary superior, green to purplish, ovoid, +1mm long, 1mm in diameter, glabrous internally and externally, unilocular, with 1 ovule. Hypanthium green, campanulate to cupulate, glabrous, 2-3mm long, +/-2mm in diameter. Sepals 5, small, +/-1mm long, .7mm broad at the base, narrow-triangular, often somewhat pectinate on the margins, erect, glabrous. Fruits globose, to 1cm in diameter, dark-red to purple-black, sweet to bitter in flavor.
Flowering - April - May. Habitat - Low or upland woods, along streams, thickets, fence rows. Origin - Native to U.S. and Canada. Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri and is quite common. The plant can be identified by its deep green, serrulate leaves which have a pungent odor when crushed. The odor is caused by the glycoside prunasin, which (upon ingestion) converts to hydrocyanic acid. This acid make the leaves poisonous to any grazing animals. The wood of Black Cherry is one the more sought after woods for furniture making. In the past two decades the use of Black Cherry in all types of furniture has exploded and the majority of the big logs are cut from the northeastern United States. The wood is is tight-grained and easy to work yet hard enough to take everyday abuse. The heartwood ages to a deep red color while the sapwood stays a whitsh-yellow color. Natives used the inner bark in a tea for coughs, fever, colds, diarrhea, pnuemonia, and to purify the blood. The small fruits were also eaten.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Polygonaceae Stems - To +1m tall, non-woody, hairy above, glabrescent below, erect. The pubescence ferruginous. Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, pubescent on both surfaces or glabrous below, ovate, to +15cm long, +8cm wide. Ocrea fringed with cilia, pubescent.
Inflorescence - Typically a terminal raceme, but some axillary, to 40cm long. Flowers loosely arranged on the inflorescnece.
Flowers - Perianth parts 4, whitish to pinkish, +/-3mm long, acute, glabrous. Stamens typically 4, slightly exserted. Filaments whitish, glabrous, 2mm long. Anthers pale yellow to whitish, -1mm long. Styles 2, persistent in fruit to form a "beak".
Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Rich, moist woods. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. It is easy to identify in the field becasue of its hairy ocrea, big, alternate leaves, and long inflorescences. The plant is very common in shaded, rich areas. A synonym is Tovara virginiana (L.) Raf.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Polygonaceae Stems - Twining, sprawling, vining, herbaceous, from fibrous roots, twisting with age, often slightly ribbed, typically becoming reddish in sun, branching, to +1m long. Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Ocrea small, glabrous, often somewhat brownish, +/-2mm long(tall). Petioles to +5cm long, slightly scabrous from tuberculate ridges. Blades cordate, entire, acuminate, to +/-8cm long, +/-6cm broad, minutely puberulent above and below. Auricles rounded.
Inflorescence - Axillary fascicles of few flowers on lateral growth. Pedicels to 1.5mm in flower, longer in fruit, glabrous, green.
Flowers - Outer 3 perianth segments keeled, glabrous, to 2mm in flower. The keel green. The margins white. Inner perianth segments white, ovate, glabrous, +1mm long and broad in flower. Perianth segments persistent in fruit and giving a winged appearance. Stamens 10, adnate at base of perianth segments. Filaments white, glabrous, .7mm long. Anthers white, bi-lobed, .2mm long. Ovary green, 3-sided, glabrous, -1mm long. Style wanting. Stigma capitate, green. Achenes black, shiny, 3-sided, to -3mm long.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Polygonaceae Stems - To +/-1m Long, erect to clambering, simple, 4-angled, hollow, becoming pinkish-red in full sun, with retrorse prickles on angles, from fibrous roots. Nodes sometimes slightly swollen. Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Ocrea one-sided, sheathing the stem on opposite side from leaf, to 7-8mm long, glabrous. Petiole connected at base of ocrea, to +/-1.2cm long, with retrorse barbs. Blades sagittate, +/-5cm long, +/-1.5cm broad, entire, with slightly revolute margins (the margins antrorse ciliate), glabrous above and below except for retrorse prickles on midrib below. Auricles acute, 7-8mm long.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary capitate cluster of 1-10 flowers. Peduncles glabrous. Bracts subtending flowers with scarious margins. Pedicels to 2mm long.
Flowers - Perianth segments white to pinkish, glabrous, 3mm long. Stamens +/-8, erect. Filaments white, to 1.4mm long, some adnate to perianth segments. Anthers white, .2mm long. Achenes 3-sided, glabrous, chocolate to black, to 2.5mm long.
Flowering - June - September. Habitat - Wet places, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a simple species to ID in the field because of its square, prickly stems and its sagittate leaves. The plant likes moist areas such as fens or pond margins. The flowers are small and not showy but are not needed to help ID the plant. This species is found nearly throughout Missouri but has not been recorded in some Ozark counties. Our plants belong to variety sagittatum. Another variety, var. gacilenta Fern., has few to no prickles on the stem. This latter variety is not found in Missouri but in a few states to our east.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Polygonaceae Stems - From a taproot, herbaceous, erect to ascending or decumbent, multiple from base, branching, to +/-40cm long, terete, glabrous. Leaves - Alternate, short-petiolate. Ocrea brownish, glabrous, +/-5mm long, usually lacerate at the apex. Petioles to +/-1mm long. Blades green to bluish-green, glabrous or with very few appressed hairs, entire, acute, oblong-elliptic, to +2cm long, +/-5mm broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary flowers, 1-3 per node. Flowers sessile or on pedicels to .5mm long, not exceeding the ocrea. Flowers - Perianth segments green with white margins, rounded at apex, glabrous, .7mm broad, 2mm long. Outer 3 segments with more green than inner 3 segments, cupped and hooded at apex. Stamens 8, adnate at the base of the perianth segments. Filaments whitish-green, broadened at base, glabrous, .3mm long. Anthers yellow, .1mm broad. Ovary glabrous, 3-sided, 1mm long in flower, reddish near apex, mostly green. Styles 3, .2mm long, green, glabrous. Stigmas translucent, globose. Achenes rugose, 2mm long, 1.6mm broad, triangular, compressed and mostly 2-sided (3rd side not as broad as other 2).
Flowering - July - November. Habitat - Open flood plains, alluvial soils near streams.
Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This little species has only been collected in a few counties in Missouri but is probably more common. The plant is easy to overlook because of its small size and inconspicuous flowers. Many of the small, ascending species of Polygonum are difficult to distinguish at first.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Polygonaceae Stems - To 2m tall, glabrous. Leaves - Alternate, glabrous, to 30cm long, 6cm wide, typically lanceolate, with impressed veins on the adaxial surface near the midrib. Ocrea not fringed with cilia and glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal, loose, panicles and axillary racemes. Each flower cluster to 8cm long(tall), 3-9mm thick, nodding. Flowers - Small(2-3mm long), creamy white to slightly pinkish, dense in cluster.
Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Moist soils, disturbed sites, gravel bars, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Found in U.S. and Eurasia. Probably introduced in North America.
Other info. - This plant can get quite tall and is easily distinguished by the nodding racemes of the panicle. The leaves sometimes have a dark splotch in the center but this is not as common or pronounced as in the much smaller P. persicaria.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月17日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Polygonaceae Stems - To +70cm tall, from fibrous roots, multiple from base, erect, herbaceous, glabrous or with sparse appressed antrorse hairs, branching. Leaves - Alternate, sheathing, linear-lanceolate, entire, attenuate, scabrous with sparse short appressed pubescence, to -15cm long, +/-1.5cm broad. Ocrea to +/-1.5cm long, fringed with ciliate ferruginous bristles to -1cm long, with antrorse appressed pubescence.
Inflorescence - Loose terminal spikiform racemes to +/-10cm long. Ocreolae fringed with ciliate bristles to 1.5cm long. Pedicels to 1.5mm long. Flowers - Perianth segments 5, pinkish-white, to 2.5mm long, glabrous, obtuse at apex. Stamens +/-5, erect, included. Filaments adnate at base of perianth segments, pinkish to white, to 2mm long, glabrous. Anthers whitish, to .5mm long. Styles 3, connate basally, -1mm long, glabrous. Achenes 3-sided.

Flowering - June - November. Habitat - Swamp and pond margins, streambanks, springs, wet woods. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is one of the easier members of the genus to identify. The racemes are distinctive and the plant grows near or in water. The species name means "looks like water pepper" referring to the plants resemblance to the related P. hydropiper L. P. hydropiperoides grows in most counties throughout the state. Some authors, including Steyermark, break the plant up into different varieties. I won't go into those here.
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